四川大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (10%)
(略)
Part ⅡVocabulary and Structures (10%)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. Beneath each of the sentences you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one word or phrase that completes best the sentence, and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
16．The concept of a loyal opposition—the ______ of modern democracy—rarely prevails and, much more frequently, opposition is equated with treason and ruthlessly suppressed.
A．loop B．essence C．equivalent D．velocity
17．Timmer is known as a touch manager who demands ______ results.
A．credible B．undeniable C．dynamic D．tangible
18．He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a______ of Henry Kissinger.
A．casualty B．criteria C．dissection D．necessity
19．Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the ______ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.
A．legacy B．bequest C．converse D．miracle
20．In the search for solution to seemingly overwhelming problems, it became increasingly ______to include radical, even revolutionary ideas.
A．stable B．absolute C．immortal D．plausible
21．Researchers at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh announced they had discovered ______evidence that a virus is involved in what used to be called juvenile diabetes.
A．incessant B．compelling C．identical D．problematic
22．Stephen Schneider, a climatologist at Stanford, notes that unlike greenhouse gases, which ______ rapidly around the globe, the sulfate droplets tend to concentrate over industrialized regions.
A．unify B．fragment C．disperse D．shatter
23．Now the juries, and ultimately the society they speak for, have to find some way to express ______ at the brutality that women and children face every day.
A．aggression B．extenuation C．outrage D．suppression
24．It was a type of urban story that continues to ______ big-city dwellers forward each day, a tale of hard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into one's own hands to make dreams come true.
A．propel B．penetrate C．baffle D．harness
25．The primordial fireball would have been a dense roiling stew of radiation and elementary particles condensing out of the ______ energy, annihilating each other, recondensing, then colliding and disappearing all over again.
A．colossal B．audacious C．ambient D．autonomous
Section B
Directions: In this section, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct, and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
26．The lecturer made too a long speech, so every listener felt tired of him, and some even went out of the lecture hall without getting the permission from the speaker.
A B C D
27．It is raining hard outside. Haven't you taken an umbrella with you?
A B C D
28．If he was to come here this afternoon, I should ask him to go to the party held by student union.
A B C D
29．He did not like abstract painting at all, so the more he looked at the drawings exhibited in the art gallery, the little he liked them.
A B C D
30．He is a well-known hardworking and clever student, and he often gets top scores in his class; so all his classmates are sure that he studies very hardly.
A B C D
31．He looked a little bit nervous, that could be seen from his facial expression.
A B C D
32．Although the wages for all the members of the working staff increase regularly, so their expenses do; for the prices for everything are increasing dramatically at the same time.
A B C D
33．Sound waves travel in the air in much the same way like water waves spread on the water.
A B C D
34．Like any other constant repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but once it is learned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.
A B C D
35．More and more old people whose grown - up children pay little attention to them gathered together and organize interesting activities for themselves.
A B C D
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (25%)
Directions:In this section, you will read five passages.Each one is followed by several questions. You are to choose the one best answer to each question, and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Questions 36～40 are based on the following passage.
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies run to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do this issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institution, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he
2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析：细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话，将language与walking进行对比，上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能"，而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。
初三英语模拟试题 一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从26~ 35各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As teenagers, youhave many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning theNobel Prize, __1__ they can be small. You may just want to becomeone of the top ten students in your class. Once you find a dream, what do you do with it? __2__ you ever tryto make your dream come true? Follow Your Heart, __3__ Australian writer Andrew Matthews, tellsus that __4__ our dreams come true is life’s biggestchallenge. You may think you’re not very good at some school subjects, or thatit is impossible for you __5__ a writer. These kinds of thoughtsprevent you from reaching your dream, the book says. In fact, everyonecan make__6__ dream come true. __7__ first thing you must do is toremember the dream in your mind. Don’t let it leave your heart. Keep __8__ yourself what you want.Do this step by step and your dream will come true __9__ because abig dream is made up of many small__10__. There __11__ difficulties on the road to your dreams. But thebiggest one __12__ from yourself. You need to decide __13__ themost important. Studying instead of watching TV will lead __14__better exam results. As you get closer to your dream, it may change__15__. This is good as you have the chance to learn more skillsand find new interests. 1. A.as B.but C.for D.or 2. A.Did B.Do C.Have D. Had
2017年全国高考英语模拟试题（二） 英语 第I卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Many people have bought insurances, either life or property, commercial or compulsory. Yet some people know little about it and some even misunderstand its nature and function. Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship-owner knows that his ships may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as insured and those who administer the pool of contributions as insurers. The legal basis of all insurance is the policy. This is a printed form of contract on a piece of paper in best quality. It states that every year the insured shall pay a named sum of money, which is called the premium; in return, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The premium for an insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen, as suggested by past experience. If companies fix their premiums too high, there will be more
2016学年宝山区第二学期期中考试九年级英语试卷 （满分150分，考试时间100分钟） Part 2 Phonetics，Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分） 26. Which of the following word matches the sound /?pe?r?nt/? A. parent B. present C. pleasant D. peasant 27. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others? A. He arrived there half an hour late. B. Tom is the most honest boy in his class. C. I really hope to win. D. It’s a great honour for me to be here. 28. ______ old man in blue is Susan’s physics teacher. A. A B. An C. The D. / 29. There were so many ______ in the streets yesterday because it was a national holiday. A. people B. traffic C. policeman D. student 30. Mr. Smith can’t attend the meeting because he has ______ to do. A. nothing urgent B. anything urgent C. something urgent D. urgent something 31. Mike likes coins very much. He has collected about five _____ coins from different countries so far. A. hundred of B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundreds 32. Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman astronaut to fly into space ____ June 16,2012. A. on B. in C. by D. at 33. The CN TV Tower（which is in Canada）is a _______ building. A. 553 meters tall B. 553-meters tall C. 553-meters-tall D. 553-meter-tall
四川大学本科生转专业实施细则 （修订） 第一条为鼓励学生刻苦学习，充分调动和发挥学生学习的主动性和积极性，体现教育公平性原则，根据《四川大学本科学生学籍管理规定（试行）》及学校有关会议精神，结合我校实际,特制定本实施细则。 第二条符合下列情况之一者，可申请转专业： （一）勤奋学习，成绩优良，所修必修课程平均学分绩点达到3.0（转入冷门专业或国家建设重点急需专业可适当降低对平均学分绩点的要求），且每学期所修课程学分数平均达到20学分以上者； （二）经学校认可，学生确有专长，转专业更能发挥其专长者； （三）学生入学后发现某种疾病或生理缺陷，经学校指定的医疗单位检查证明，不能在原专业学习，但尚能在本校其它专业学习者； （四）经学校认可，学生确有某种特殊困难，不转专业无法继续学习者； （五）符合国家制定的其他转专业规定者。 第三条有下列情况之一者，不予考虑转专业： （一）本科三年级及以上的学生； （二）定向生、委培生和国防生； （三）正在休学或保留学籍的学生； （四）应予退学的学生； （五）在校期间学习目的不明确、学习态度不端正、学习不认真的学生； （六）在校期间受过记过及以上处分的学生。 第四条学院转出和转入学生的比例根据自身情况不得超过该专业上年度招生人数的10%；部分教学资源缺乏的学院转入学生的比例不得超过该专业上年度招生人数的5%；转入医学专业、基地班的学生人数应严格限制。 第五条学生转专业原则上应在第一或第二学年申请，一学年办理一次，由学校统一组织安排在每学年春季学期进行。 第六条转专业办理程序和具体操作办法： （一）上报计划。每学年的春季学期第8周前，各学院根据本学院本科人才培养的要求及教学资源条件，提出接收转专业学生的计划数，并上报教务处。各学院制定本院转专业工作实施细则（包括接收学生转专业的条件、要求、具体考试或考核的内容、办法和安排等），并向学生公布。另外，同时各学院需负责学生转专业的咨询工作。 （二）学生申请。学生要慎重对待转专业。经认真思考，确需转专业的学生，于春季学期第9-10周提出转专业申请。在教务处网页下载或在所在学院领取《四川大学本科学生转专业申请表》，填写后交所在学院教务办公室，并提供相关的证明材料。学生的学习表现由学院学生工作部门认定，分管学生的副书记签字，经所在学院教学院长审批同意后，由学生将转专业申请表交拟转入学院教务办公室。 （三）学院考核。拟接收转专业学生的各学院应当组织对拟转入本学院的学生考核。在每学年春季学期第11周，组织学生进行必要的考核，如笔试、面试等，并将考核安排报教务处备案，教务处将负责检查学院转专业的考核工作。学院根据学生考核结果和本学院转专业计
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）
2017届高中毕业班第三次模拟试题 英语 本试卷分第I卷(选择题) 和第II卷(非选择题) 两部分。 第I卷 注意事项： 1. 答第I卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上, 否则无效。 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What are the speakers mainly talking about？ A. A skirt. B. A jacket. C. A dress. 2. What does the woman probably think of the new neighbor? A. He’s funny. B. He’s forgetful. C. He’s unfriendly. 3. What time is it in New York? A. 7:00 pm. B. 5:00 pm. C. 10:00 pm. 4. Where does the woman suggest meeting? A. At the bus stop. B. At the stadium. C. At the café. 5. What will the woman do next? A. Go to her office. B. Visit a library. C. Make a phone call. 第二节(共15 小题；每小题1.5 分,满分22.5 分) 请听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后, 每小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 请听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the man want to buy a television? A. To enjoy movies. B. To watch news. C. To listen to music. 7. How much will the bigger television be this weekend? A. $230. B. $350. C. $299. 请听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。 8. What does the woman like best? A. Beef. B. Pork. C. Chicken. 9. What does the woman think of the fish? A. Too sour. B. Too salty. C. Too sweet. 请听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。 10. How will the speakers travel this time? A. By plane. B. By train. C. By ship. 11. What does the man say about the last trip? A. The schedule was tight. B. It took him too much time. C. It gave him a surprise. 12. What will the speakers do tomorrow morning? A. Meet Joseph. B. Go to the bank. C. Book tickets. 请听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。 13. What does the woman’s mum like to do in her free time? A. Paint. B. Read. C. Write. 14. What is the woman’s sister? A. An actress. B. A teacher. C. A tour guide. 15. Who is working as a doctor? A. The woman’s dad. B. The woman’s uncle. C. The woman’s aunt. 16. Where does the woman’s cousin work? A. In the kitchen. B. In a school. C. In the hospital. 请听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。 17. How long is it since the first Harry Potter book was released? A. About twenty years. B. About ten years. C. About seven years. 18. When was the play previewed? A. In February, 2016. B. In June, 2016. C. In July, 2016. 19. Who wrote the script(剧本) of the play? A. J. K. Rowling. B. John Tiffany. C. Jack Thorne. 20. Where was the new book sold best before it was officially released? A. On Amazon. B. In Book World. C. On Barnes & Noble. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
▲（0052）四川大学（01）经济学 （02）国际经济与贸易 （03）财政学 （04）金融学 （05）国民经济管理 （06）金融工程 （07）法学 （08）英语 （11）日语 （12）新闻学 （13）广播电视新闻学 （14）广告学 （16）博物馆学 （17）数学类 （19）数学与应用数学（数学经济创新班） （20）物理学类 （22）化学类 （24）生物科学类 （27）电子信息科学类 （28）微电子学 （29）光信息科学与技术 （30）信息安全 （31）材料物理 （32）材料化学 （33）环境科学 （34）冶金工程 （35）金属材料工程 （35）金属材料工程 （36）无机非金属材料工程 （38）高分子材料加工工程 （37）高分子材料与工程 （39）机械设计制造及其自动化 （40）材料成型及控制工程 （41）工业设计 （42）过程装备与控制工程 （43）测控技术与仪器 （44）热能与动力工程 （45）核工程与核技术 （46）电气信息类 （47）计算机科学与技术 （48）生物医学工程 （49）软件工程
（50）医学信息工程 （51）土建类 （52）建筑学 （53）水利类 （54）环境工程 （55）安全工程 （56）化学工程与工艺 （57）制药工程 （58）食品科学与工程 （59）轻化工程 （60）纺织工程 （61）轻工生物技术 （62）工程力学 （63）生物工程 （64）农业水利工程 （66）预防医学 （67）卫生检验 （68）临床医学（口腔医学） （69）临床医学 （70）临床医学 （71）医学检验 （72）康复治疗学 （73）医学技术 （74）口腔医学 （75）口腔医学 （76）法医学 （77）护理学 （78）药学 （79）管理科学 （80）信息管理与信息系统 （81）工业工程 （82）工程管理 （83）工商管理（运营管理） （84）工商管理类 （85）工商管理（医药企业管理） （86）旅游管理 （87）电子商务 （88）公共管理类 （89）公共事业管理（卫生事业管理、健康保险）
2017年中考英语训练题（二） 听力录音稿 一、听力测试(共三节) 第一节(共5小题，每小题1分, 满分5分) 听下面5个问题。每个问题后有三个答语,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后,你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。Text 1. What is it in that old box? Text 2. Who will come to give us a talk? Text 3. How are you going to Washington D.C. Text 4. When will the performance start? 第二节(共7小题,每小题1分, 满分7分) 听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 Text 5 W: May I help you, sir? M: Yes. I’d like to try on some sports jackets. I prefer something like the one I’m wearing. Text 6 M: Well, I’d better go home now. It’s been great seeing you again. W: Oh, it was nice seeing you, too. Text 7 M：Hello，Lucy．Are you the youngest in your class？ W：No，I'm 13．But Bruce is one year younger than me． Text 8 M：What a big zoo! Do you know where the lions are？ W：They are over there，next to the elephants．Be careful with the naughty monkeys．Text 9 W：Why didn’t you drive，Alex？ M：Well，I’ve sold my car． W：Oh，is that because you are getting a new one？ M：No，it’s because there’s too much traffic on the road．I’ve decided to live without a car．Text 10. W：Thank you for taking me to this restaurant，Denny．It's the best meal I’ve ever had．M：Glad you like it，but I still like the cakes you make best． W：Thank you．Tomorrow you will have the chance to try my cakes again．
四川大学2015博士学位研究生入学考试试题 四川大学博士学位2015年研究生入学考试试题 代码:3088科目:微生物学 1，作文题 1。埃博拉疫苗研发策略简介 A:埃博拉出血热是由埃博拉病毒引起的高度传染性和致死性疾病由于埃博拉病毒的风险极高，且缺乏有效的治疗方法，该病毒与马尔堡病毒和拉沙病毒一起被归类为BSL-4病毒，属于最危险的病原微生物。目前，埃博拉病毒疫苗的研发策略为: ①传统疫苗:在传统的埃博拉病毒疫苗研发中，没有具有发展前景的疫苗，包括消防疫苗、减毒活疫苗和传统亚单位疫苗等。灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗通常不能有效刺激机体产生免疫保护，减毒活疫苗也有潜在的致病风险 ②基因工程疫苗:包括基因工程亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、DNA 疫苗、基因缺失活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗等 (1)DNA疫苗:限于考虑DNA疫苗的安全性和免疫刺激活性的问题，现有的DNA疫苗不能有效地引入宿主细胞，这影响了其免疫效率。因此，目前还没有关于将EBOV疫苗单独应用于非人类灵长类动物的研究报告，但是它可以与其他载体疫苗结合使用以形成长期的免疫保护。(2)病毒样颗粒疫苗:它是一种没有核酸的空壳结构。其余结构与天然病毒相似，具有良好的免疫原性和生物活性。然而，这种疫苗
仍处于实验探索阶段。 (3)病毒载体疫苗:目前，腺病毒载体疫苗vAd3-EBOV和重组水泡性口炎病毒载体疫苗rvsvv△G-EBOV-GP已成为最有前途的病毒载体疫苗目前，这两种疫苗正在进一步应用于临床试验。 2。啤酒酵母表达分泌型重组蛋白的基本过程简介 A:在啤酒酵母中，只有分泌的蛋白质可以被糖基化需要糖基化的重组蛋白必须是分泌蛋白酿酒酵母可以对重组蛋白进行乙酰化修饰、无位点特异性的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸化修饰、天冬氨酸糖基化和丝氨酸/苏氨酸糖基化修饰酿酒酵母糖基化修饰使用单个甘露糖残基，并且N-糖基化修饰由1，3-和1，6-甘露糖残基组成，其通常形成40-200个甘露糖残基的更大糖链。通过基因修饰，可以阻断N-糖基化过程，使糖链缩短为甘露糖8GlcNAc2核心糖链，糖链末端为1，3-甘露糖，从而明显增强重组蛋白的抗原性通过不超过5个甘露糖残基的聚合形成O-糖基化基本过程如下:(1)构建载体 前导肽:在重组蛋白前加入编码酵母交配型因子a1的前导肽，通过赖氨酸-精氨酸将前导肽与重组蛋白的n端连接(2)当信号肽切割 蛋白并将其分泌到壁膜间隙中时，酵母内蛋白酶识别该切断信号并正确地切断重组蛋白 Ps:外源蛋白表达的一般程序是 ①目的基因的克隆:选择合适的核酸内切酶在表达载体的多克隆位点区域克隆外源基因。如果选择分泌表达载体，外源基因的阅读框架和信号肽的阅读框架应该一致。(2)重组载体的线性化:只有将重组载
四川大学各专业全国排名 (摘自中国统计出版社) 一、四川大学研究生院在全国大学研究生院（部）中的位置;; 四川大学研究生院在全国410所大学研究生院（部）中位居第14名，A级；其中自然科学第15名，A级/345；社会科学第14名，A级/328。;; 二、四川大学研究生院各一级学科、二级学科情况;; （一）自然科学;; 四川大学研究生院自然科学居全国大学研究生院（部）第15名，A/345。在自然科学的4个学科门中，理学第14名，A/232；工学第29名，B /267；农学D/65；医学第7名，A/109。;; 1、理学：第14名A/232。4个一级学科30个二级学科。;; （1）数学：第7名A /147。5个二级学科。;; 基础数学☆:第6名A /96；计算数学△:B/48；概率论与数理统计△:B/39；应用数学☆:第5名A /114；运筹学与控制论△:第6名A/51。;; （2）物理学：第12名A/113。8个二级学科。;; 理论物理△:B/76；粒子物理与原子核物理△:B/28；原子与分子物理☆:第3名A /29；等离子体物理△:第8名A/25；凝聚态物理△:C /63；声学△:B /27；光学△:第3名A /54；无线电物理△:B/25。;; （3）化学：B /102。5个二级学科。;; 无机化学△:B /50；分析化学△:B/60；有机化学△:第8名A/61；物理化学△:B /68；高分子化学与物理△:C /44。;; （4）生物学：第15名A/149。12个二级学科。;; 植物学☆:第13名A/75；动物学△:B /58；生理学△:B /66；水生生物学〇:第12名A/38；微生物学△:B /60；神经生物学〇:第11名A/39；遗传学△:第8名A/54；发育生物学〇:B /38；细胞生物学△:B /49；生物化学与分子生物学△:B /98；生物物理学〇:B /43；生态学〇:B/56。;; 2、工学：第29名B /267。20个一级学科43个二级学科。;; （1）力学：C /87。2个二级学科。;; 固体力学△:B /56；流体力学 /29。;; （2）机械工程：B/149。3个二级学科。;; 机械制造及其自动化△:B /82；机械电子工程:C /85；机械设计及理论△:C /116。;; （3）光学工程△：C /43。1个二级学科。;; （4）仪器科学与技术：C/54。1个二级学科。;; 测试计量技术及仪器△:B/49。;; （5）材料科学与工程：B /127。3个二级学科。;; 材料物理与化学△:B/64；材料学☆:第6名A /105；材料加工工程△:B/80。;; （6）动力工程及工程热物理：C/73。1个二级学科。;; 化工过程机械△:第6名A/33。;; （7）电气工程：C /70。3个二级学科。;; 电机与电器:C /27；电力系统及其自动化△:B/33；电力电子与电力传动:B/48。;; （8）电子科学与技术：C/80。2个二级学科。;; 电路与系统:B/52；微电子学与固体电子学 /43。;; （9）信息与通信工程：B/93。2个二级学科。;; 通信与信息系统△:B /74；信号与信息处理:C /58。;; （10）控制科学与工程：C/125。3个二级学科。;; 控制理论与控制工程:C/100；检测技术与自动化装置:B /65；模式识别与智能系统:B/38。;; （11）计算机科学与技术：B /164。3个二级学科。;; 计算机系统结构:B /72；计算机软件与理论△:B/85；计算机应用技术△:B /150。;; （12）土木工程：C /92。2个二级学科。;; 岩土工程△:B /51；结构工程:C/70。;; （13）水利工程：B /43。5个二级学科。;; 水文学及水资源△:B /22；水力学及河流动力学☆:第3名A/14；水工结构工程△:B/18；水利水电工程△:B/21；港口、海岸及近海工程△:B/13。;; （14）化学工程与技术：B /118。5个二级学科。;; 化学工程△:C /35；化学工艺△:B /49；生物化工△:B/28；应用化学△:B /101；工业催化△:C /22。;;