2019年中考英语语法复习方案13《特殊句式》
【趋势解读】
初中阶段特殊句式的考查主要是对感叹句、存在句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句的考查，考生需牢记与其相关的句型才能正确做题。其中，倒装句与省略句的考查往往难度较大，是考生容易忽视与出错的知识点。预计中考及自主招生关于本专题知识命题趋势如下:
各地中考时态考查的热点为感叹句、存在句与反意疑问句。而自主招生考试对这6类句式都有可能涉及，又主要考查反意疑问句的特殊结构、倒装句、强调句及省略句，对考生要求较高，分值为2~5分。
【思维引导】
精彩笔记1 so, neither倒装句型
倒装属于语法中语序的范畴。自然语序基本是主语在前谓语在后，那么倒装语序是谓语在前，主语在后。完全倒装即将谓语的全部(主要是指其实义动词)置于主语之前;部分倒装是指只将谓语的一部分(系动词、助动词和情态动词)置于主语之前，实义动词仍然保留在主语之后。
(1) Lucy is a good student, and so is Lily.露西是好学生，莉莉也是(好学生)。
“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适用于后边的人(或物)，意为“……也……”。
(2) If you do not go swimming, neither shall I.如果你不去游泳，我也不去。
“neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适用于后边的人(或物)，意为“……也不……”。
核心题根 1 (1)—I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.—，and.
A. So she did; so did I
B. So did she; so I did
C. So she was; so I was
D. So was she; so I was
思路点拨:①句意:一我听说杨艳在昨天的毕业典礼上作了一场英语演
讲。一确实如此，而且我也演讲了。根据题意，应该是前者表确认、肯定，意为
“的确如此”，而后者意为“……也做了”。②C, D是错误的选项，上句中
“made”是实义动词，后面的倒装句的助动词要与其保持一致。③“她确实如
此”要用so she did，用来表达对前面情况的肯定、确认，不能倒装。
(2)—I haven't seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. 一.
A. Neither have I
B. So have I
C. Neither I have
D. So I have
思路点拨:句意:一我没有看过《加勒比海盗:惊涛怪浪》这部电影。一我也没看过。由题意可知这里是表示否定的回答，当用neither时，要用倒装句形式。
(3)—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. 一，and so did I.
A. So she had
B. So had she
C. So she did
D. So did she
思路点拨:句意:—Maggie在晚会上玩得很高兴。一她确实玩得很高兴，我也玩得很高兴。so引起的省略句，表示与前句肯定的内容呼应，与前面内容一致时，要用倒装结构，即“so+助动词(be/情态动词)+主语”。本题答语中的and so did I就是这种结构。而空白处是对前面所说话的确认、同意或肯定，因此不用倒装。注意:“had”在题干中不是助动词。
易错警示
“so/neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语+谓语”句型中的“be/助动词/情态动词”在形式上必须与前句的谓语动词保持一致;而其单复数则由后面的主语决定。
同类变式1 (1)一I never drink coffee. 一.
A. So do I
B. So did I
C. Neither did I
D. Neither do I
(2) —Tom, I'm watching a football match. What about you? 一.
A. So do I
B. So am I
C. So I do
D. So I am
(3)—Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. 一.
A. So it is
B. So is it
C. So does it
D. So it does
易错警示
so I do与so do I不同。在“so I do”中so引起的省略句不作“也……”讲，只是对前面的情况表示确认、肯定，这时省略的主语和谓语不必倒装，意为“的确如此”。如:
一He has made great progress.他取得了很大进步。
—Yes, so he has.是的，他确实是(取得进步)。
And so have you.你也是(取得很大进步)。
精彩笔记2 there be句型
there be句型是表示“存在”的一个句型，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。谓语动词除了be 还可以是表示状态的不及物动词，如seem, happen, live, stand, lie等。
Once upon a time, there lived a monk in the temple.从前这座庙里有个和尚。
核心题根2 There still some milk in the fridge. It's not necessary to go to the store today.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
思路点拨:考查there be句型。句意:冰箱里还有一些牛奶，今天没有必要去商店。milk是不可数名词，因此应该用is。
同类变式2 —any students in the classroom when the earthquake happened?
一Yes, but they have been saved.
A. There were
B. Was there
C. There are
D. Were there
精彩笔记3 以副词、介词短语开头的倒装句
here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词或表示方位的介词短语置于句首且主语是名词时，要用倒装句。而谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如:
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出去了。
There comes a woman.那边过来了一位妇女。
In front of my house stands a tall tree.我的房子前面有棵大树。
核心题根3 (1) from the fifth floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.
A. Jumped down the muderer(凶犯)
B. Down the murderer jumped
C. The murderer jumping down
D. Down jumped the murderer
思路点拨:句意:当警察用枪指着凶犯时，他从第五层楼跳下去了。本题考查全部倒装。down是表示方向的副词，在句首时，句子的谓语动词jumped要放在the murderer之前。
(2) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River(长江)and Dialing River ，one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lies Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
思路点拨:句意:中国十大城市之一重庆位于长江和嘉陵江汇合之处。Chongqing是主语，one of the ten...China是Chongqing的同位语，lies是谓语动词，at the meeting ... Dialing River是介词短语作地点状语。一目了然，作地点状语的介词短语提前到句首，以使句子平衡或突出状语，谓语动词是be, stand, lie等。这样的句子要全部倒装。
同类变式3 (1) Hey, Nick. comes the last bus! Hurry up，or we'll have to walk home.
A. This
B. There
C. That
D. It
(2) Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away .
A. fleeing the thief
B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing
D. fled(flee的过去式)the thief
(3)一Where is the report? 一.
A. There it is
B. There is it
C. There the report is
D. Is the report there
易错警示
如果主语不是名词，是人称代词，就不必倒装。如:
The door opened, in came a policeman.(主语是名词，倒装)
The door opened, in he came.(主语是代词he，不倒装)
知识归纳
在表示方向的副词如down, up, in, out, over, back. off, away等作状语位于句首时，如果谓语动词是jump, come, go, rush等不及物动词，句子要全部倒装，即谓语动词全部放在主语前面。
精彩笔记4
当句首的状语是only+副词，only+介词短语或状语从句时，主句要部分倒装。即只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语前。如:
Only by practice can we improve our spoken English.只有通过练习，我们才能提高英语口语水平。
核心题根4 (1) Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I love them.
A. I realized
B. I had realized
C. had I realized
D. did I realize
思路点拨:句意:只有离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我是多么爱他们。Only后可接状语从句，还可接介词短语和副词，在这种结构中，主句应该部分倒装。C项had I realized是过去完成时，表示realize这个动作发生在left之前，显然错误。
(2) by keeping down costs(成本)will Power Data(公司的名字)hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only
B. Just
C. Still
D. Yet
思路点拨:句意:只有通过保持低成本，Power Data才能保持超过其他公司的优势。副词only及其修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
同类变式4 after a long walk did they reach the railway station at midnight.
A. Shortly
B. When
C. Only
D. Just
精彩笔记5 what引导的感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。
(1) What+a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!
(2)What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式十主语+谓语!
(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What sweet water it is!多甜的水呀!
核心题根5 (1) a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which
B. What
C. How
D. Whether
思路点拨:句意:多么奇异的植物啊!我以前从来没有见过它。可先排除A,D项，因为Which和Whether不能引领感叹句。修饰单数可数名词时感叹句的句型为:What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! 或:How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
(2) we have today !
A. A fine weather
B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather
D. What fine weather
思路点拨:句意:今天的天气多么好啊!注意weather是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词，此时感叹句的结构为:What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
同类变式5 (1) wonderful furniture! Congratulations to you on moving into such a nice house.
A. How
B. What
C. What a
(2) The robot can help me sweep the floor. smart invention it is t
A. What
B. What a
C. What an
D. How
方法技巧
如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句?
方法一:凡是有a, an开头的，多用what。
方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what。
方法三:其他一般用how。
精彩笔记6 how引导的感叹句
(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!
How interesting the dog is!多么有趣的狗呀!
(2)How+形容词+a /an+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!
How useful a subject it is!多么有用的一门科目呀!
(3)How+主语+谓语!
How time flies!时间过得真快呀!
核心题根6 —So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. —he runs！
A. How slow
B. How fast
C. What a slow
D. What a fast
思路点拨:句意:一到目前为止，苏炳添是用不足10秒完成一百米比赛的唯一的中国人。一他跑得好快啊!“fast”是副词，修饰谓语动词runs，把句子还原成陈述句很容易看出句子的结构:He runs fast. “What”后只接名词或名词性的词组，其余一律用how，即How+adj. /adv.+主语+谓语。
同类变式6 (1)—exciting the movie is!
—Sure, I have seen it three times.
A. What
B. What an
C. How
D. How an
(2) role she played in the movie! That's why she has a lot of fans.
A. How interesting
B. How an interesting
C. What interesting
D. What an interesting
拓展链接
一些特殊形式的感叹句:
(1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。
He runs so fast!他跑得真快呀!
Do read it carefully!一定要仔细阅读!
(2)用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子也是感叹句。
Wonderful!好极了!
Look out!小心!
Great!太棒了!
(3)以there, here等副词开头的感叹句。
There she is!她在那儿!
There goes the bell!铃响了!
精彩笔记7 英语句法中的重锤鼓—强调句式
强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。
(1)用“助动词do ( does /did)+动词原形”来表示强调。
I did come here yesterday.我昨天确实来这儿了。
Do remember to turn off the light when you leave.你离开时一定要记得把灯关了。
(2)用强调句型“It is /was+被强调的部分十that /who+句子剩余部分”来强调说话人的意愿。
It is he that /who has helped me a lot.就是他帮了我很多忙。
It was this book that cost me 50 yuan yesterday.就是这本书昨天花了我五十元。
核心题根7 根据要求把下面的句子改为强调句式。
一般的陈述句式:He read three books in the library yesterday.他昨天在图书馆看了三本书。
(1)强调主语:
(2)强调宾语:
(3)强调地点状语:
(4)强调时间状语:
思路点拨:①“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”的强调句式，关键是先要确定被强调的部分，然后根据被强调的部分来选择句式中用that或是who 。②当被强调的部分指人时用who或that;指物时只能用that,强调状语时只用that，不用when/where 。
同类变式7 (1)—Have you ever seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree(山植树之恋)?—Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.
A. that
B. where
C. when
D. which
(2) An awful accident , however, occur(发生)the other day.
A. does
B. did
C. has to
D. had to
(3) It was along Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much time of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
方法技巧
(1)被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。
(2)当被强调部分指人时，可用that，也可用who;指物时，只用that。
(3)强调状语时，只用that，不用when, where。
(4)一般疑问句的强调句为“Is/Was it ... +that... ?”;特殊疑问句的强调句为“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that...?”。
Was it on Sunday that you went to Beijing?你是在星期天去的北京吗?
When is it that you will set off?你将在什么时候出发?
(5)“not... until...”句型的强调结构为“It is not until... that...”，注意把否定词not转移到until前面。
I didn't go home until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才回家。
强调句为:It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.
精彩笔记8 英语句法中的懒虫—省略句式
英语中，为了避免重复，常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分，这样的句子叫省略句。
1.简单句中的省略
在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子主语。省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中经常出现。
2.并列句中的省略
在并列句中，相同的成分如主语、谓语、宾语等都可以省略。
On weekends, I have to clean my room and wash my clothes.周末，我必须打扫房间和洗衣服。
3.复合句中的省略
(1)在定语从句中，引导词作从句宾语时可以省略。
Most of my friends like loud music ( that ) they can dance to.我大部分的朋友都喜欢能跟着跳舞的响亮的音乐。
The man ( who ) we met yesterday is our new English teacher.我们昨天见到的那个人是我们的新英语老师。
(2)状语从句中的省略。
We'll go to help you if necessary.如果有必要我们就去帮你。
(3)如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。
We will do what we can (do) to help you.我们将尽我们所能去帮助你。
核心题根8 (1)—Excuse me，do you have the time? 一.
A. Yes，I do
B. Of course, I have
C. A quarter to ten
D. No problem
思路点拨:一劳驾，几点钟了?一差一刻十点(9:45)。本题考查对话中简单句的省略。首先要明白问话的意思。a quarter to ten即:It's a quarter to ten.
(2)Though he started late, Mr Guo played the piano as well as，if ，Miss Liu.
A. not better than
B. not better
C. no better than
D. no better
思路点拨:本题考查if条件句中的省略。完整的句子为if he doesn't play the piano better than Miss Liu。只有A项可以是这个条件句的省略形式。
同类变式8 (1) What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
(2)—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna?
— .
A. Oh, wonderful indeed
B. I went there alone
C. First by train and then by ship
D. A guide showed me the way
方法技巧
(1)明确省略句的特点:没有上文它就没有生命，它植根于上文。
(2)联系语境，整句还原。
跟踪练习
1.So diligently that he was finally admitted to Wuhan Foreign
Languages School.
A. he studied
B. he did study
C. studied he
D. did he study
2.一I've just been to my first language class.一Oh really? . Which
language are you studying?
A. So do I
B. So have I
C. So I do
D. So I have
3.—Liu Tao has never read the book The Adventure of Tom Sawyer，
he?
一. He told me it was very interesting. He'd like to read it again.
A. hasn't; No，he hasn't
B. has; Yes，he has
C. hasn't; Yes，he has
D. has; No，he hasn't
4.—Do you go cycling every day?一Yes， a little exercise. I am so
out of shape.
A. getting
B. get
C. got
D. to get
5.—Helen, lovely sheep they are! Do you like them? 一Very much.
A. What a
B. What
C. How
D. How a
6. Private cars have caused serious transportation problems in our city，?
A. have they
B. haven't they
C. don't they
D. do they
7.—After reading the stories about Lei Feng，I was very .
一. He was really warm-hearted.
A. relaxed; So was I
B. impressing; So did T
C. impressed; So was I
D. relaxing; So I did
8. ，we would have finished the work on time.
A. Had Jim come
B. Jim had come
C. If had Jim come
D. If Jim has come
9. There is little doubt(怀疑)in your mind that he is innocent(清白的)，?
A. is there
B. isn't there
C. is he
D. isn't he
10. It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ，we'd better take
it to the garage(修理厂)immediately.
A. Otherwise
B. If not
C. But for that
D. If so
11.—So you gave her your phone?一，she said she'd return it to me
when she could afford her own.
A. My pleasure
B. Not exactly
C. No doubt
D. All right
12. Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious than mobile
phones do.
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. those
13.一Will you be able to finish your report today?一.
A. I like it
B. I hope so
C. I'll do so
D. I'd love it
14.一Why，this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
一，madam. It's our soup of the day.
A. Let me see
B. So it is
C. Don't mention it
D. Neither do I
15. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police .
A. not to do
B. not to
C. not do
D. do not
16. at the photos, illustrations, title and heading and you can guess what the reading is about.
A. To look
B. Looking
C. Having looked
D. Look
参考答案
核心题根1:(1)A (2)A (3)C
同类变式1:(1)D (2)B (3)A
核心题根2:B
同类变式2:D
核心题根3:(1)D (2)A
同类变式3:(1)B (2)D (3)A
核心题根4:(1)D (2)A
同类变式4:C
核心题根5:(1)B (2)D
同类变式5:(1)B (2)B
核心题根6:B
同类变式6:(1)C (2)D
核心题根7:(1)It was he who/that read three books in the library yesterday.
(2)It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.
(3)It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.
(4)It was yesterday that he read three books in the library.
同类变式7:(1)A (2)B (3)C
核心题根8:(1)C (2)A
同类变式8:(1)A (2)A
跟踪练习
1-10 DBBDBBCAAD 11-16 BBBBBD
2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词：名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that，who，whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?
that，which 主语 宾语 表语物、时间、 地 点、原因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard． 他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine． 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing． 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works． 这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你 能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)
初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、 程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通 常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小 姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词 担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打 扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者 “怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由
2016年中考英语语法难点汇总 介词 I. 要点 1、介词和种类 (1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at 等。 (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等。 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school. 4、某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1) at, on, in (表时间) 表示时间点用at，如at four o'clock, at midnight 等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at，如at that time, at Christmas 等。 指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on，如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。 指长于或短于一天的时段用in，如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。 (2) between, among (表位置) between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills.
词类（一）—名词 名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。 一、名词的数????????),,(也可以有复数形式但在某些具情况下通常只有单数形式不可数名词 复数名词 单数名词可数名词 ▲ 可数名词复数形式的构成 1．规则变化： 1）直接在词尾 + s,读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。如ball —balls; bed--_____; cat--____ 2）以s, sh, ch, x 结尾，+ e s,读音：[iz]。如address —addresses, march--_________, watch--______ bus--_________, box--________, class--_______, brush--__________ 3）以o 结尾 + es ,读音：[z],只有4个，tomato--_____;potato--______; negro 黑人--_______; hero--__ 其余以o 结尾的均 + s 即可。如radio--radios; photo--photos , piano--_______ （特殊：zero ——zeros / zeroes ） 4) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾，去y 为i + es 。如body —bodies, factory--_______, family--__________, country--__________, centry--___________, strawberry--_________; story--_______ (monkey--__________; holiday--___________) 5）以fe / f 结尾，去fe / f 为v + es,读音：[z]。如knife ——knives, wife--________; leaf--________; wolf--______; thief--_______; half--_________; life--__________ （roof —roofs,chef —chefs; chief —chiefs, scarf —scarfs, hankerchief —hankerchiefs, belief —beliefs ） 2．特殊变化： 6)改变单数名词中的元音字母。 如man —men; woman —women; foot —feet; goose(天鹅)—geese; tooth —teeth; policeman —policemen; mouse —mice; grow-up(成人)—grow-ups 7）单复数同形。如sheep; Chinese; dear; fish 8）只变化词尾。如child ——children; ox —oxen 9）只有复数形式。如glasses; trousers; clothes △ 名词是否可数，在英语与汉语中或有不同，如“smile (微笑)”，英语是可数的，而汉语是不可数 的。因此，判断一个名词是否可数，不能按我们的习惯，最可靠的办法是查字典。 △ 有些集体名词可作单数，也可做复数。作单数时指整体，作复数时指个体。常考有family, class, team, group, army （军队）等。 e.g. My family is going to move. 我家要搬了。(指整体) My family are watching TV now. 我的家人正在看电视。（指成员） △ a 或an 不可与不可数名词连用，在表示数量时，经常使用of 词组。 e.g. a pair of glasses, two cups of tea ；a piece of news; a piece of bread △ 有些名词虽以s 结尾，但在意义上是单数，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 e.g. maths, news, physics （物理学科） △ 一些集体名词，单数形式具有复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 e.g. people, police △ 合成名词：合成名词用作定语，常见有两种形式：① 数词-名词：a two-month holiday （一个两个 月长的假期）；② 数词-名词-形容词：a two-meter-long ruler （一把2米长的尺子）。 二、名词的所有格（’s ） 定义：表示名词与名词之间的所有关系的形式。 构成：1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”。 如：Tom’s bike, Marx’s works
2019年中考英语冠词语法专题训练 (名师精选必考题+实战真题，值得下载练习) 语法综合演练 Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空,不需填的画“/” 1.Every morning he spends hour doing exercise, and then he go e s to work. 2.—Have you seen movie OperationRedSea? —Yes. This is educational film and it has become one of most popular films in the world. 3.Peter, honest boy, visited European country last summer. 4.There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon. 5.higher the mountain is, thinner the air is. 6.—Do the twins look the same? —No. Jane is taller of them. 7.—Loo k at skirt. I bought it for my mother on Mother’s Day. —What nice skirt! 8.—Who is boy in red? —He is friend of Tom’s. He plays piano very well. 9.The novel is so interesting that he wants to read it second time. 10.Which is bigger, sun or earth? 11.Blacks are planning to go on vacation. 12.Beijing, capital of China,has long history. 13.He took the medicine three times day after meals according to the instructions. 14.Mary usually goes to work by bike, but this morning she took taxi to school. 15.best student in my class was ill in hospital. Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Today, the 1.(popular) of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people
2020中考英语精华知识点全汇总！ 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构： You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 2、 (1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义：
约翰不象迈克那么笨。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 二．中考考点—词组
中考/备考辅导 2017年中考英语语法大全：冠词 冠词 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词 a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。 I 不定冠词 We need an apple and a knife. 我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。 1.a和an的区别 不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
a boy, a university, a European country u是元音字母，但发音是[U(]，是辅音。 an hour ，an honor ，an island h是辅音字母，但它不发音，它的音标是是元音。an elephant， an umbrella， an egg 2(1)不定冠词的用法 ①泛指—类人或物。 eg. This is a pencil case. ②指不具体的某个人或物。 eg. I met an old man On my way home. ③用在序数词前,相当于another. eg. There’s a third boy near the shop. ④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every. eg. They have music lessons twice a week. 必背!
give a lesson take a bath have a rest 教(一堂)课洗(个)澡休息 have a talk have a fever have a good time 听报告发烧过得愉快 have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip 散步头疼旅途愉快 a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo (2)不定冠词的位置 ①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。 eg, a bike, an egg ②当名词被such, what, many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。
2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—动词时态 【知识方法】 一般现在时：谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数形式 一般过去时：谓语动词用动词的过去式的形式 一般将来时：谓语动词用will/be going to +动词的原形 动词的时态 现在进行时：谓语动词用am/is/are +动词原形的形式 过去进行时：谓语动词用was/were+动词的现在分词 现在完成时：谓语动词用have/has+动词的过去分词 知识清单 动词的时态 动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去
进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 1．一般现在时 1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下： 一般情况＋s 以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾＋es 以辅音＋y结尾去y变i＋es 2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）： 主语肯定式否定式疑问式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student. We/You/ They are students. He/ She is a student. I / We/ You/ They/ like music. Many people like music. I am not a student. We/You/ They are not students. He/ She is not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music. Many people don’t like music. Are you a student. Are you/ they students? Is he/ she a student? Do you/ they like music? Do many people like music? 3）一般现在时态的用法： 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week. 现在的状态例如： My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客观真理例如：
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another:
2017年中考英语作文热点话题范文22篇 中考英语中作文是让大多数学生最头疼的事情。就中考英语作文来说，考生要有一 定的词汇量的积累，扎实学好语法知识，同时掌握一些的写作技巧，平时多做写作训练，最后能够流畅、清晰的表达出自己的意思。 学术文化篇 1. 沉迷网络游戏 题目：李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他 呢？请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。 提示词：give up concen trate on be (become)i nterested in ★范文 Li Hua spe nt too much time play ing computer games and he fell beh ind others. As a good friend of his, I must do someth ing to help him. Firstly, I think it ' s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spe nd most of his time on his study in stead of computer games. Secon dly, I must tell him that play ing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more in terested in sports tha n computer games. And the n ni ask him to concen trate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, I'll ask both his pare nts and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 2. 怎样学好英语 世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、 读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。 要求：1.词数：80 —100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 2.字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰 ★范文 How to lear n En glish well
中考复习之词汇运用 词汇运用题：考查学生对单词的拼写能力，以及词形变化、测试内容以实词为主，虚词为辅。 做好这类题，一般应遵循下面几个步骤：第一步读懂句意，判断词性；第二步确定词形；第三步核对答案。 名词：单数、复数、所有格、大写； 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词形式；（一般现在时用三单；已经有动词用非谓语）形容词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“的”） 副词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“地”） 代词：不定代词、主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词； 数词：基数词、序数词（first, second, third, fourth, fifth） 冠词：a / an / the （首次提到用a / an；特指用the） 连词：and，but，or，because，so，when，where，before，after，if… 介词：at，by，to，in，for，of，on，from，with… 中考复习之选词填空 二、选词填空解题注意事项 1.先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记，如名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)等。同时对词义做初步的理解。 2.根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意固定搭配，根据需要去备选词 汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3.填词过程中注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为 了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜： 空前空后要注意； “名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃； “动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意三种级； 要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”； 填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
2017中考英语语法专题详解 一：名词 专题一名词 1. 名词的数 概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。 复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图： 规则 例词 一般情况下加-s apple-apples, ruler-rulers 以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es city-cities, county-countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves 以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s
在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes， potato-potatoes Hero-heroes，Negro-Negroes 2) 复数的不规则构成法： a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量) b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students 3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。 1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。 There is little milk at home. The old man has lots of money. 2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread
2019年中考英语语法填空专题训练(名师精选试题+详细解析答案，值得下载打印练习) A 请用适当的词完成下面的短文, 并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Hayley Korman, a 15-year-old girl from California, US did something different last summer. Her mobile phone didn't work one day, so she decided to try and live __1__ it. She took a six-week summer travel with some friends. Hayley and ten other teenagers rode their __2__ 3, 000 miles(4, 800 km) across the States. With two college students as guides, they __3__ from a beach in Georgia on June 23.They traveled through small towns in the south, crossed rivers and climbed __4__. They made camps there. It's not __5__ to find a comfortable place to sleep. “It was to o hot in the south, and very humid, too，” Hayley said. __6__ there were such difficulties, no one left the team. “Everybody was hard-working and did everything for the group，” Hayley said, “We learned __7__ to live with other people.” They __8__ postcards and letters to their parents to tell them how it was going. They had to shop for food by themselves. They shared responsibilities(责任) and __9__ after each other. From these things, they not only trained(锻炼) __10__，but also opened up their eyes. “Sou thern people are really nice，” Hayley said. “It's a whole new world for us.” 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6．________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 【参考答案】 1.without 2.bikes 3.started4．mountains
宾语从句习题 基础练习 1.Have you decided ________for Australia? A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave 2.Can you tell me _________ ? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me ________ . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _______ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how 5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how 6.I wonder _________ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _________ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is 8.Ask him _________ . A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup 9.I don’t know _________ . A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts 10.The doctor asked me how long ________ . A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill 11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________. A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _________? A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _________? A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape 14.They want to know _________? A. where is the hospital B. how old are you C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know _________.