选修7 Unit1 词组汇总
1.full of ambition野心勃勃achieve one’s ambition 实现夙愿
be ambitious for sth/to do sth 对(做)某事怀有雄心/热切的希望
2.be suitable for/suited to …适合于。。。be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
3.be beneficial to… 对…有益=be of benefit to… 对…有益
for the benefit of=for one’s benefit 为了某人的利益
Sth benefit sb a lot 某物使某人受益匪浅
Sb benefit a lot from sth 某人从。。。中受益匪浅
4. adapt to 适应于。。。adapt oneself to …使自己适应于。。。
adapt sth from… 根据…改编某物adapt sth for sb. 改编…使某物适合
5.annoy sb vt. 使…不悦;惹恼某人
annoyed adj. 颇为生气的annoying adj. 恼人的
Sb be annoyed with sb 生某人的气Sb be annoyed at / about sth. 对…感到生气
6.resign vi.辞职；辞去resign one’s post /position 辞去职务
resign from… 从。。。辞职resign oneself to (doing) sth 使自己安于（做）
7.conduct n.=behaviour 行为
under the conduct of sb /sth 在某人的指导、管理、经营之下
conducted us around...领着某人转转conducts electricity 导电
conducting a survey of。。。实施一个调查conduct the concert 指挥音乐会
conduct oneself 规矩点conduct well/badly 行为良好/不当
8.congratulate sb.on sth 就某事祝贺某人
=offer /send congratulations to sb on sth
9.be adequate for… 对。。。来说是足够的be adequate to do sth 足以干/胜任某事
10.access n 方法通路可接近性have/get access to … 有权进入；有权接触accessible adj. 可接近的/可进入的/可使用
Sb be accessible to sb /sth 对。。。来说是平易近人的
11.in other words 换而言之keep one’s words 履行诺言in a word 总而言之have a word with sb 与某人谈谈have words with sb 与某人吵架
12.cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）cut off 切断；断绝
cut down 砍倒；削减；缩短cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut up 切碎；
13. breathe vt.呼吸breath n. 呼吸;气息out of breath 上气不接下气hold one’s breath 不出声;屏息take a deep breath 作一次深呼吸take sb’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊waste one’s breath 白费唇舌
14.all in all, __________ above all __________after all_____________ in all______________
15.make fun of… =play a trick on…取笑=tease sb about sth=make jokes about sth=laugh at
for fun 为了玩乐;开玩笑地have fun with sth 玩乐,开心
It is fun to do sth 做某事是有趣的what fun it is to do sth! 做某事多么有趣啊！
16.have trouble in doing sth =have difficulty with sth 做某事有困难
=There is difficulty in dong sth
17.meet with 遇到，经历，会晤
18.absence n. 缺席;不在in one’s absence 某人不在的时候
absent adj. 缺席的;不在的be absent from 缺席;不在
presence n.出席;到场in one’s presence 当着某人的面
present adj.出席的;在场的;现在的be present at…出现于
动词不定式
1.________________________________(如果明天下雨), we would have to put off the visit to the East Lake. (to)
2.When faced with difficult problems, he ________________________________________________________
(宁愿努力去解决而不是逃避它们). (prefer; rather; stay)
3.Mr. Li _________________________________________(宁愿不听爵士乐), because he doesn’t like it. (rather)
4.Little Tim should love ______________________________________(带到动物园去) this weekend. (take)
5.He ____________________________________________(假装看书) when his mother came in. (pretend)
6.He is said _________________________________________（卷入了那起抢劫案）. (involve)
7.The school sports meeting is said _________________________________(于下月举行). (take)
8.The little boy is said ____________________________________________(能说五门外语), which I doubt.(speak)
9._______________________________________(是否举行运动会) has not been decided. (hold)
10.He is so lazy that what he does every ____________________________(到处闲逛). (wander)
11.We think it essential ______________________________________________(对生活采取积极的态度). (take)
12.Students find it difficult for them ________________________________(理解) the life of a scientist. (relate)
13.Mike thought it really stupid ___________________________________(他跟Jack争论那个问题).(argue)
14.China _________________________________(将不会是第一个使用) nuclear weapons. (use)
15.Sorry, Madam. At no time _________________________________(允许你谈话) in this reading room. (allow)
16._________________________________________(许多难题要解决), he felt at a loss. (with)
17.I hurried to the train station, ______________________________________(结果发现那辆火车已离开). (find)
18.His theory is too abstract _____________________________________. (理解) (understand)
19.Mr. Wen Jiabao is so kind ____________________________________(为中国人所喜爱). (as)
20.Tim was late again. _________________________________(这就是他的一贯风格) keep others waiting. (typical)
21.I feel it is you as well as your wife ______________________________(应该被责备) for your son’s bad performan ce at school. (blame)
22.Sir, do you ___________________________________________(还有什么要打印)? (have)
23.I’m not free this evening because I have lots of things ____________________________(要处理). (attend)
24.There is nothing _______________________________(害怕) in the world. (fear)
25.There is nothing for us __________________________(害怕) in the world. (fear)
26.According to some well-informed people, there is some possibility of the new educational
program ________________________________________(执行) next year. (carry)
27.I __________________________(本打算去看望你) yesterday evening, but there was an unexpected visitor. (mean)
28.We will have another exam _____________________________________(在下周). (come)
29.I _________________________________(不由得不尊敬她) as she was kind and considerate,to everyone. (help)
30.He was so badly injured that he had no alternative ________________________________(退出比赛). (drop)
31.As nobody agreed to the plan, they could do nothing but ______________________(制定一个新的计划). (make)
32.He _______________________________(过艰苦的生活) when he was young. Nevertheless he ____________________________________(已习惯过) a luxurious(奢华的) life. (use)\
33.We are deeply impressed by the way he’s thought of __________________________(处理这一问题). (attend)
34.He paused, as if _____________________________________(要让痛苦的记忆过去). (pass)
35.Everyone ___________________________________(应该参加那个会议) on time. (suppose)
36.Why are you still working on this project? It’s 4 o’clock in the afternoon and you _____________________________________________(应该完成它) by noon. (suppose)
37.The project _______________________(完成) at the end of the year 2010 will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 2,000,000 users. (accomplish)
38.________________________________________________________________(为了适应在课堂上讲英语), you should practice every day. (accustom)
39.____________________________________________(有待观察) his new book is in great demand. (remain)
40.The aim of the program is __________________(探索发展出) a new health care model for China.(explore)
41.They sailed around the world and finally arrived ________________________(被称作) “New Zealand” now. (refer)
42.I would like my paper ____________________________(批阅) as soon as possible. (grade)
43.The lecture connected with the topic of _________________________________________(如何提高残疾人的生活质量) is of great importance. (improve)
44.The chair is _______________________________________________(坐起来舒适). (sit)
45.Tom is such a person ___________________________(容易相处的) that we all like him. (get)
46.The water in this well ____________________________________________(不适合饮用). (fit)
47I haven’t seen Jack these days; he seems ________________________________(在忙于执行) the plan. (occupy)
48.The children were lucky __________________________(从地震中生还) which destroyed their homes. (survive)
49.Paul doesn’t have to be made _____________________(学习); he always works hard. (learn)
50.There’re so many restaurants that I can hardly decide______________________________(在哪家餐馆吃饭). (eat)
51.I would love________________________________(去参加那个晚会)last night but I had to work extra hours. (go)
52.Tom kept quiet about the accident _____________________________________(以便不丢掉他的工作). (so, lose)
53.I have no pen _____________________________(来写信); could you lend me yours? (write)
54.Mary noticed a thief stealing in a shop, so she _____________________________(停下来拨110) at once. (stop)
55.Which will you enjoy ____________________(度过) your vacation, travelling abroad or staying at home? (spend)
完形填空I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ 37 a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, 38 , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs（耳塞）or blindfolds（眼罩）.
Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary（临时的）
46 .
I tried to find a 47 position and thought it might be restful, 48 kind of nice, to be
49 around for a while. Looking around, I 50 I would have to handle the thing myself? My hands started to ache as I 51 the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task.
My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.
36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with
37. A. cure B. prevent C. adopt D. analyze
38. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me
39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing
40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting
41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight
42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped
43. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles
44. A. place B. action C. play D. effect
45. A. operation B. communication C. transportation D. production
46. A. exploration B. education C. experiment D. entertainment
47. A. flexible B. safe C. starting D. comfortable
48. A. yet B. just C. still D. even
49. A. shown B. pushed C. driven D. guided
50. A. realized B. suggested C. agreed D. admitted
51. A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized
52. A. path B. position C. direction D. way
53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra
54. A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished
55. A. weaknesses B. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses
Unit1 living well Warming up 单词练习 disability n. hearing n. eyesight n. lap n. ambition n. ambitious adj. dictation n. noisy adj. suitable adj. disabled adj. 单词突破 1.disability:n.伤残；无力；无能 ——Do you know anyone with a mentaal or physical disability?——adj.disabled 伤残的 the disabled 残疾人 ——v.disable 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格disable sb. from doing 使某人不能做某事 2.ambition: n.雄心；野心 ——Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games. ——adj.ambitious 有雄心的，有野心的 be ambitious for/of 渴望；对------有野心 3.suitable: adj.适合的；适宜的 ——Although some may think the cinema is noisy,it is suitable for
Sally’s conditions. be suitable for 适合------ ——v.suit：适合；适宜 词义辨析：fit：衣服大小，尺寸合适 suit：约会地点，衣服颜色，款式合适 match：两物相匹配 重点例句 ——Last year he played a major part in the school play. play a major part in --- 主演------ 联想：play a part/role in 在------中扮演角色 play the role of sb. in 扮演某人的角色 ——Look at the pictures and read what these people have achieved even though they each have a disability. 主谓一致原则：each n. v. (单数) n. each v.(由名词决定) each of n. V.(单数) 习题突破 一．单词拼写 1. As he has no opportunity to achieve his a________, he intends ______ __ (resign) from the company. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 5. Finland gained ____________ (independent) from Russia during the Fi rst World War. 6. The manager c__________ his business carefully. 7. I’m interested in the classical ___________(文学)
高中化学选修一知识点总结 《选修1·化学与生活》 第一章关注营养平衡第一节生命的基础能源—糖类 1、糖类是绿色植物光合作用的产物。由C、H、O三种元素组成的一类有机化合物，也叫碳水化合物(通式为C n（H20）m)，但其实此名称并不能真实反应糖类的组成和特征，如鼠李糖C6H12O5是糖却不符合此通式，而符合此通式的，如甲醛HCHO、乙酸CH3COOH却不是糖类。 2、葡萄糖分子式C6H12O6，是一种白色晶体，有甜味，能溶于水 3、葡萄糖的还原性: 和银氨溶液反应： ； 和新制Cu(OH)2反应： 。 4、葡萄糖为人体提供能源 ①葡萄糖提供能量的方程式：； ②粮食中的糖类在人体中转化成葡萄糖而被吸收，在体内有三条途径，即：a、直接氧化供能；b、转化成糖元被肝脏和肌肉储存，当血液中的葡萄糖即血糖的质量分数比正常值低时，糖元就释放出来维持血糖浓度的相对稳定；c、转变为脂肪，储存在脂肪组织里。 5、蔗糖和麦芽糖是二糖，它们水解的化学方程式分别是： 6、淀粉是一种重要的多糖，分子式（C6H10O5）n，是一种相对分子质量很大的天然高分子有机化合物，没有甜味，是一种白色粉末，不溶于冷水，但在热水中一部分淀粉溶解在水中，一部分悬浮在水里，长时间或高温可产生糊化。它能水解。淀粉在人体内的水解过程可表示 为，也可在酸的 催化下逐步水解，其方程式。淀粉的特性：I2能使淀粉溶液变成蓝色。这是实验室检验淀粉或I2存在的重要原理。 7、纤维素是绿色植物通过光合作用生成的，是构成植物细胞的基础物质，它是白色，无色无味的物质，是一种多糖，属于天然有机高分子化合物。纤维素在酶或浓硫酸催化下发生 水解，其化学方程式为。纤维素不能作为人类的营养食物，但在人体内不可或缺，如：能刺激肠道蠕动和分泌消化液，有助于失误和废物的排泄……。 第二节重要的体内能源—油脂
2014年4月18日星期五 Unit 1-3 词汇复习题 1.W e couldn’t ___ a day without arguing. We were still good friends, though. A. get over B. get through C. get by D. get across 2. The little girl ___ to her mother’s hand while they crossed the road. A. hung on B. hung around C. hung in D. hung up 3. We can offer some ___ suggestions on how to increase the fibre in your daily diet. B. prehistoric C. practical D. federal 4. It seems improbable that the ___ situation will continue. A. racial B. apparent C. arbitrary D. current 5. I always ___ the song with my trip to Hawaii. A. associate B. reform C. strike D. retire 6. He was not emotionally ___ enough to think through his decision. A. moral B. stable C. reasonable D. miserable 7. Only ___ can fly to the remote desert area. A. angles B. extensions C. helicopters D. seagulls 8. We are grateful to you for the permission to ___ this article. A. shave B. mourn C. reproduce D. insert
Part 1. Warming up 1.Do you know anyone with a mental or physical disability? disability n．伤残；无力；无能 归纳拓展 与disability有关的词汇： (1)able adj.有能力的；能够的；能干的 ability n．能力；能耐；本领 (2)unable adj.不能的 (3)disable vt.使丧失能力；使残疾；使不能正常运转 disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的 the disabled残疾人；伤残者 She manages to lead a normal life in spite of her disabilities. 尽管身有残疾，她仍然努力像正常人一样生活。 Our ability to think and speak separates us from other mammals.思维和说话的能力使我们有别于其他哺乳动物。 His disability prevents him from doing the job.他的残疾使他无法做这项工作。 The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling the alarm.窃贼破坏报警器后便得以进入大楼。 【链接训练】 As his disease has ________ him，Hawking has to sit in his wheelchair and speak through a computer. A．disabled B．unabled C．abled D．enable 2.She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps (800 metres) this year.她为自己参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录而感到骄傲。to have done 是不定式的完成形式, 这种形式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。e.g. She said she was sorry to have missed you. 她说她是很遗憾没有见到你。 翻译下列句子: 对不起, 让你等了这么久。I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 真题探究 Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked D.to have been working 【命题分析】考查非谓语动词作定语,在此修饰名词the few movie stars。 【答案与解析】C句意:Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。“做过木匠”这件事发生在过去,不定式应当用完成式,表示发生过,排除A、B项。现在已经是明星,可排除D项。因此C项正确。 2.Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games. ambition n.野心;雄心 ambitious adj.有雄心的;野心勃勃的 be ambitious for sth/to do sth 对(做)某事怀有雄心/热切的希望 ambitiously adv.野心勃勃地 Eg: A boy who is ambitious/filled with ambition usually works hard.
1、 Blindness is a very serious disability. 失明是非常严重的残疾。 2、 Though he is disabled, he is a gifted artist. 尽管身残疾 (的 )，他是一个有天赋的艺术家。 3、 person with a hearing and eyesight disability misses many things. 一位听力和视力残疾的人会错过很多东西。 4、 Beware of the love syndrome.当心恋爱综合症。 5、 Rosalyn had been there frequently in past years for treatment for infantile paralysis. 罗莎琳在过去的几年中频频来这里治疗小儿麻痹。 6、 Harris went on top in the last lap. 哈里斯在最后一圈跑到了最前面。 7、 He had a high ambition to be a headmaster. 他的抱负是想成为一名校长。 8、 I will love the ambitious for they can inspire me!我爱雄心壮志的人，因为他们能激励我！ 9、 We will have dictation today.我们今天要听写了。 10、 I wrote the letter at Sally's dictation . 我照萨利的口述写信。 11、 The campus is noisy today.今天校园里很吵。 12、 Do believe there is no best man, only much suitable one. 要相信没有最好男人，只有更适合的。 13、 Trees hid the entry of the cave. 洞穴的入口被树丛遮掩。 14、 Fresh air is beneficial to people's health. 新鲜空气对人的健康有好处。 15、 In other words, a classic fudge. 总之一句话，一派胡言。 16、 Mother reproached me for being too clumsy. 母亲责备我笨手笨脚。 17、 He used to be quiet, but now he is very outgoing. 他以前性格沉默少言，但现在很外向。 18、 How do you adapt to this new environment? 你要怎样适应这种新环境呢?。 19、 The bench often does duty for a table. 这条长凳经常当桌子用。 20、 The doctor told me to cut out meat for my fat. 由于肥胖，大夫叫我停止吃肉 21、 He applied his eye to the microscope. 他把眼睛贴近显微镜。 22、 She was out of breath from climbing the stairs. 爬楼梯使她上气不接下气的。 23、 A servant is known by his master's absence.主人不在就可以看出仆人的品行来。 24、 You are a milk-livered fellow!你真是一个胆小的家伙！ 25、 Thank you, my fellow colleagues. 谢谢，同事们。 26、 No joy without annoy. 没有无烦恼之快乐。 27、 I am really very annoyed about it. 我对此事真是很生气。 28、 I felt annoyance at being teased.我恼恨“别人”取笑我。 29、 I let go of all annoyance. 我放下所有烦恼。 30、 He has his faults, but all in all , he is a good guy. 他有缺点，但总的来说，他是不错的人。 单词拼读举例:Di sa bi li ty di sa bled syn drome in fan tile pa ra ly sis am bi tion am bi tious
模块7各单元词汇和短语复习 Unit 1 Living Well Part One 根据首字母或汉语提示写出完整的单词: 1. An unexpected accident made Sang Lan a girl with a physical d____________, but she never gave up. 2. We often observe the tiny cells with m______________ in our biology classes. 3. The production of iron and steel is the most important i______________ of the city. 4. Taiwan is part of China and not an i_______________ state. 5. I have passed all the exams and I am waiting to get the graduation c_______________. 6. A place is a______________ if it is possible to reach it. 7. I was not alone on the journey. Instead, I had so many c________________. 8. You can refer to old people in general as the _______________. 9. When something can help people or improve their lives, we say it is ______________ to people. 10. When the disabled meet with difficulty, we should do what we can to give them a___________. 11. One of his ________________ (志向) is to become a world-wide famous pop singer. 12. He was _____________(笨拙的) with a tool. 13. The patient’s _______________(呼吸) grew stronger and stronger. 14. Who took his place and controlled the company during his ________________ (不在) ? 15. I’m going to give some suggestions to this famous ________________(建筑师). 16. A man’s _______________（尊严）doesn’t depends on his wealth but on his character. Part Two 一、词形变换（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. The ______________ is good at ______________ TV plays from the stories he reads about or hears. (adapt) 2. The country used to be _____________ on Britain in many ways, but now it has become absolutely_______________. (depend) 3. We have ___________ a lot from the co-operation and I’m sure it will continue to be ________ to both of us. (benefit) 4. Her _____________ lecture ____________ all of us. We won’t forget her ____________. (encourage) 5. ______________ people should be treated equally in spite of their ______________. (disability) 6. You were _____________ yesterday, Tom. Can you tell me the reason for you _____________? (absent) 7. The ______________ serving the passengers on the train is of good_______________. (conduct) 8. ________________ countries pay much attention to the development of ________________. (industry) 二、翻译句子 1. 应该给残疾人尽可能多的鼓励和援助。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 换句话说，这些措施对我们的工业发展是有益的。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 总之，在学校寄宿(board)能帮助学生学会独立。 ______________________________________________________________________________
重点高中化学选修五知识点全汇总
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备战高中：梳理选修五知识点 结构相似，在分子组成上相差一个或若干个CH2原子团的物质物质。 同系物的判断要点： 1、通式相同，但通式相同不一定是同系物。 2、组成元素种类必须相同 3、结构相似指具有相似的原子连接方式，相同的官能团类别和数目。结构相似不一定完全相同，如CH3CH2CH3和(CH3)4C，前者无支链，后者有支链仍为同系物。 4、在分子组成上必须相差一个或几个CH2原子团，但通式相同组成上相差一个或几个CH2原子团不一定是同系物，如CH3CH2Br和 CH3CH2CH2Cl都是卤代烃，且组成相差一个CH2原子团，但不是同系物。（马上点标题下蓝字"高中化学"关注可获取更多学习方法、干货！） 5、同分异构体之间不是同系物。 二、同分异构体 化合物具有相同的分子式，但具有不同结构的现象叫做同分异构现象。具有同分异构现象的化合物互称同分异构体。 1、同分异构体的种类：
⑴碳链异构：指碳原子之间连接成不同的链状或环状结构而造成的异构。如C5H12有三种同分异构体，即正戊烷、异戊烷和新戊烷。 ⑵位置异构：指官能团或取代基在在碳链上的位置不同而造成的异构。如1—丁烯与2—丁烯、1—丙醇与2—丙醇、邻二甲苯与间二甲苯及对二甲苯。 ⑶异类异构：指官能团不同而造成的异构，也叫官能团异构。如1—丁炔与1，3—丁二烯、丙烯与环丙烷、乙醇与甲醚、丙醛与丙酮、乙酸与甲酸甲酯、葡萄糖与果糖、蔗糖与麦芽糖等。 ⑷其他异构方式：如顺反异构、对映异构（也叫做镜像异构或手性异构）等，在中学阶段的信息题中屡有涉及。 各类有机物异构体情况：
Unit 1 △California 加利福尼亚（州） △Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人 △illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著 △immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait n. 海峡 △Bering 白令海峡 Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的 the Arctic 北极 means n. 手段；方法 by means of… 用……办法；借助…… △prehistoric adj. 史前的 majority n. 大多数；大半 ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒 △Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州） △San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称 旧金山） △adventurer n. 冒险家 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 △despite prep. 尽管；不管 hardship n. 苦难；困苦 elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的 rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条 percentage n. 百分比；百分率 △Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶 Italy n. 意大利 Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人的；意大利语的
Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家） keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业 boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机 △Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜 Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦 Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人 △immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境 racial adj. 人种的；种族的 crossing n.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职 nephew n. 侄子；外甥 pole n. 地极；电极；磁极 applicant n. 申请人 customs n. 海关；关税；进口税 socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的 socialism n. 社会主义 occur vi. 发生；出现 cattle n. 牛（总称） △Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示 back to back 背靠背 luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage） shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃 △cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆 △cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车
高中化学选修3知识点总结 二、复习要点 1、原子结构 2、元素周期表和元素周期律 3、共价键 4、分子的空间构型 5、分子的性质 6、晶体的结构和性质 （一）原子结构 1、能层和能级 （1）能层和能级的划分 ①在同一个原子中，离核越近能层能量越低。 ②同一个能层的电子，能量也可能不同，还可以把它们分成能级s、p、d、f，能量由低到高依次为s、p、d、f。 ③任一能层，能级数等于能层序数。 ④s、p、d、f……可容纳的电子数依次是1、3、5、7……的两倍。 ⑤能层不同能级相同，所容纳的最多电子数相同。 （2）能层、能级、原子轨道之间的关系 每能层所容纳的最多电子数是：2n2（n：能层的序数）。 2、构造原理 （1）构造原理是电子排入轨道的顺序，构造原理揭示了原子核外电子的能级分布。 （2）构造原理是书写基态原子电子排布式的依据，也是绘制基态原子轨道表示式的主要依据之一。
（3）不同能层的能级有交错现象，如E（3d）＞E（4s）、E（4d）＞E（5s）、E（5d）＞E（6s）、E（6d）＞E（7s）、E（4f）＞E（5p）、E（4f）＞E（6s）等。原子轨道的能量关系是：ns＜（n-2）f ＜（n-1）d ＜np （4）能级组序数对应着元素周期表的周期序数，能级组原子轨道所容纳电子数目对应着每个周期的元素数目。 根据构造原理，在多电子原子的电子排布中：各能层最多容纳的电子数为2n2 ；最外层不超过8个电子；次外层不超过18个电子；倒数第三层不超过32个电子。 （5）基态和激发态 ①基态：最低能量状态。处于最低能量状态的原子称为基态原子。 ②激发态：较高能量状态（相对基态而言）。基态原子的电子吸收能量后，电子跃迁至较高能级时的状态。处于激发态的原子称为激发态原子。 ③原子光谱：不同元素的原子发生电子跃迁时会吸收（基态→激发态）和放出（激发态→较低激发态或基态）不同的能量（主要是光能），产生不同的光谱——原子光谱（吸收光谱和发射光谱）。利用光谱分析可以发现新元素或利用特征谱线鉴定元素。 3、电子云与原子轨道 （1）电子云：电子在核外空间做高速运动，没有确定的轨道。因此，人们用“电子云”模型来描述核外电子的运动。“电子云”描述了电子在原子核外出现的概率密度分布，是核外电子运动状态的形象化描述。 （2）原子轨道：不同能级上的电子出现概率约为90%的电子云空间轮廓图称为原子轨道。s电子的原子轨道呈球形对称，ns能级各有1个原子轨道；p电子的原子轨道呈纺锤形，n p能级各有3个原子轨道，相互垂直（用p x、p y、p z表示）；n d能级各有5个原子轨道；n f能级各有7个原子轨道。 4、核外电子排布规律 （1）能量最低原理：在基态原子里，电子优先排布在能量最低的能级里，然后排布在能量逐渐升高的能级里。 （2）泡利原理：1个原子轨道里最多只能容纳2个电子，且自旋方向相反。 （3）洪特规则：电子排布在同一能级的各个轨道时，优先占据不同的轨道，且自旋方向相同。 （4）洪特规则的特例：电子排布在p、d、f等能级时，当其处于全空、半充满或全充满时，即p0、d0、f0、p3、d5、f7、p6、d10、f14，整个原子的能量最低，最稳定。 能量最低原理表述的是“整个原子处于能量最低状态”，而不是说电子填充到能量最低的轨道中去，泡利原理和洪特规则都使“整个原子处于能量最低状态”。 电子数 （5）（n-1）d能级上电子数等于10时，副族元素的族序数=n s能级电子数 （二）元素周期表和元素周期律 1、元素周期表的结构 元素在周期表中的位置由原子结构决定：原子核外的能层数决定元素所在的周期，原子的价电子总数决定元素所在的族。 （1）原子的电子层构型和周期的划分 周期是指能层（电子层）相同，按照最高能级组电子数依次增多的顺序排列的一行元素。即元素周期表中的一个横行为一个周期，周期表共有七个周期。同周期元素从左到右（除稀有气体外），元素的金属性逐渐减弱，非金属性逐渐增强。 （2）原子的电子构型和族的划分 族是指价电子数相同（外围电子排布相同），按照电子层数依次增加的顺序排列的一列元素。即元素周期表中的一个列为一个族（第Ⅷ族除外）。共有十八个列，十六个族。同主族周期元素从上到下，元素的金属性逐渐增强，非金属性逐渐减弱。 （3）原子的电子构型和元素的分区 按电子排布可把周期表里的元素划分成5个区，分别为s区、p区、d区、f区和ds区，除ds区外，区的名称来自按构造原理最后填入电子的能级的符号。 2、元素周期律
高考英语一轮复习Unit1Livingwell练习（含解析）新人教版选 修7 Unit 1 Living well Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018河北石家庄二中一模) It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work.As you sit at your desk,a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesn’t work.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup,like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings (渴望) are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way:Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply “stomach hunger”.When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten,a hormone sends a message to one part of the brain for more food,which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst,hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat.Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more complex.It activates(激活) brain areas related to emotion,memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.Some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger”.People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar,which produce chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In a 2007 study,researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”.Thus,the more you deny yourself a food that you want,the more you may crave it.However,fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. Therefore,the next time you crave something very specific,know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach. 1.What is the function of the first paragraph?
B8-U1 词汇学习 1. distinction n.差别；区分；卓著 make/ draw a distinction between A and B 对……加以区分 without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地with distinction以优异的成绩,以杰出的表现 gain/obtain/win distinction 出名 There is a fine distinction betw een the two words. 这两个字之间有细微区别。 We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是非。 We must make a distinction between freedom and license. 我们必须把自由和放纵区分开来。
Michael graduated with distinction from the university. 迈克尔以优异的成绩从大学毕业了。 He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异成绩通过考试。 Employers should hire men and women without distinction. 雇主用人应不分男女。 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's. 莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。 There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. 周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。 She is trying to remain calm, but there is a distinct edge to her voice. 她竭力想保持冷静，但她的声音中却显然带着怒气。
人教课标版高二选修7 Unit 1 Language points 1. disable v. 使......失去能力 disabled adj. 伤残的 he disabled 残疾人; 伤残者 disability n. 伤残;无能;无力 e.g. Old age disabled him for hard labour. 年迈使他不能干繁重的工作。 He was disabled from walking by the accident. 由于车祸, 他不能走路了。 He devoted his life to helping the disabled. 他付出一生的心血去帮助那些残疾人。She swims well despite her disabilities. 她虽然身有残疾, 却是个游泳好手。 用disable, disabled, disability的正确形式填空。 1. People come to agree that the _______ should also be treated with respect. 2. People with _________ should not be looked down upon. 3. The unexpected accident _______ her from undertaking heavy work. 2. She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps this year. 今年她参加了多次比赛, 而且打破了两圈 (800米) 赛跑的纪录。 to have done 是不定式的完成形式, 这种形式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之。 e.g. She said she was sorry to have missed you. 她说她是很遗憾没有见到你。 对不起, 让你等了这么久。I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 3.In other words,there are not many people like me.换句话说,像我这样的人并不多。 in other words ( that is to say) 换句话说，也就是说 (用于解释前句得意思） in a word 总而言之 get in a word 插话 keep one’s word 守信用; 履行诺言 油价升了，换句话说，我们得多付钱。 The price of gasoline has gone up. In other words, we have to pay more for it. 小试牛刀 I don’t have money or time, _______, I can’t accompany you to the Great Wall. A. in a word B. in other words C. in word D. in plain words 4. Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. 不幸的是, 大夫们不知道如何治好我的病, 但是我很开朗乐观, 学会了适应身体的残疾。 考点1 疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why加不定式, 在句中起名词作用, 常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后作宾语, 有时也作主语、表语。
化学选修2《化学与技术》 第一单元走进化学工业 教学重点（难点）： 1、化工生产过程中的基本问题。 2、工业制硫酸的生产原理。平衡移动原理及其对化工生产中条件控制的意义和作用。 3、合成氨的反应原理。合成氨生产的适宜条件。 4、氨碱法的生产原理。复杂盐溶液中固体物质的结晶、分离和提纯。 知识归纳：
资料： 一、硫酸的用途 肥料的生产。 硫酸铵（俗称硫铵或肥田粉）：2NH 3 + H 2SO 4＝(NH 4)2SO 4； 和过磷酸钙（俗称过磷酸石灰或普钙）：Ca 3(PO 4)2 + 2H 2SO 4＝Ca(H 2PO 4)2 + 2CaSO 4； 浓硫酸的氧化性。 （ 1） 2Fe + 6H 2SO 4 (浓) Fe 2 (SO 4)3 + 3SO 2 ↑ + 6H 2O （铝一样） （2）C + 2H 2SO 4 ( 浓) 2SO 2 ↑ + CO 2 ↑+ 2H 2O S + 2H 2SO 4 (浓) 3SO 2 ↑ + 2H 2O
2P + 5H2SO4(浓) 2H3PO4 + 5SO2↑ + 2H2O （3）H2S + H2SO4 (浓) = S + SO2↑ + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 (浓) = Br2↑ + SO2 ↑ + 2H2O 8HI + H2SO4(浓) = 4I2 + H2S ↑ + 4H2O （4）2NaBr + 3H2SO4 (浓) = 2NaHSO4 + Br2↑ + SO2↑ + 2H2O 2FeS + 6H2SO4(浓) = Fe2(SO4)3 + 2S ↓ + 3SO2↑ + 6H2O （5）当浓硫酸加入胆矾时，浓硫酸吸水，胆矾脱水，产生白色沉淀。 二、氨气 1、氮肥工业原料与酸反应生成铵盐 2、硝酸工业原料能被催化氧化成为NO 4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O （Pt-Rh 高温） 3、用作制冷剂易液化，汽化时吸收大量的热 三、纯碱 烧碱（学名氢氧化钠）是可溶性的强碱。它与纯碱并列，在工业上叫做“两碱”。烧碱和纯碱都易溶于水，呈强碱性，都能提供Na＋离子。 1、普通肥皂。 高级脂肪酸的钠盐，一般用油脂在略为过量的烧碱作用下进行皂化而制得的。 如果直接用脂肪酸作原料，也可以用纯碱来代替烧碱制肥皂。 第二单元化学与资源开发利用 教学重点（难点）： 1、天然水净化和污水处理的化学原理，化学再水处理中的应用和意义。 硬水的软化。中和法和沉淀法在污水处理中的应用。 2、海水晒盐。海水提镁和海水提溴的原理和简单过程。氯碱工业的基本反应原理。 从海水中获取有用物质的不同方法和流程。 3、石油、煤和天然气综合利用的新进展。