一、虚拟语气(9)
.１、It is ｈｉgｈ/aｂｏuｔtimｅthat．.．＋过去式?
.２、I ｗｏuld rａther yoｕ过去 me n ｏｗ。?
.3、I wｏｕld ｒａtｈer I 过去的过去ｙesterday。?
.4、I woｕld ratｈer ｙoｕ过去 tomorrow.
.5、主语+propoｓe/urge/ｓｕggｅsｔ／reｑuire/ｄeｍａnd／ｉnsiｓｔ?／tｈat．.。
＋(ｓhｏuld）＋动词原形?
.6、Ｔｈe sｕｇgｅstioｎｉｓｔhat.。.
（shouｌd）+动词原形?
.７、It is necessａry/imporｔant/eｓsｅntiaｌ tｈat+ （shｏuｌｄ) + 动词原?
.8、I wish I 过去teｎyears yｏunger now。?
９、I wｉｓh I 过去的过去 hiｍｙesterday。
?虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(必背)
注意下延伸考点：1。as ｉf /as thougｈ的相关考点现在用过去,过去用过去的过去?
条件从句If从句的谓语
形式
主句的谓语形式
现在过去式(weｒe) would/ｃould/shouｌｄ/might+动词原形
过去haｄdonｅwould/could／shｏuld／ｍigｈt+have donｅ
将来１. 过去式ｗｏuld/ｃoｕｌd/shoｕ
２. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有 wer ｅ， ha ｄ,sh ｏuld 时,可省略if ，把 ｗere,h ａd ，ｓhoul ｄ 放到从句主语前面去,形成倒装，但是否定词 no ｔ 不前移。多见于书面语.
二、时态(4)
1.Ｙou’d betｔer + ｄo sth ．.。 / You’d better n ｏｔ ｄo s ｔh ．。。
２，by th ｅ tim ｅ / ｅnd ｏf
主句＋将来完成时by t ｈe end of next yea ｒ?
主句+过去将来完成时by the e ｎd of １999 2． Sho ｕl ｄ+V 原 3． Wer
ｅ to d ｏ
ld/ｍight+动词原形
?(关键句：Bｙｔhe midｄle ｏf thｅ2１st cｅｎtury， the vast majoriｔy of the ｗｏｒld’s peopｌe 将来完成时ｉn cities ratheｒ thａn ｉｎ rural arｅas．
.3、It is/ｈas been ＋一段时间+ｓｉnce 自从。．．。.。已有。。。。。．?
.4、fｏr, sinｃe， so far，tiｌl, uｎｔil一般与完成时连用（完成时提示词)
三、固定句式(１2）?
1、 I havｅno dｏｕbt + thａｔ
2、 I ｈave ｔrｏuble/ｄifficulty + （in）doｉng sth
3、 It is/was。。。. ＋ｔhａt （强调句)
4、 Thｅmｏrｅ..．， the moｒe The more．.。，ｔｈｅｌｅss?
５． maｋｅit（ cleａr, oｎe’s duty，
ｐossｉblｅ)，iｔ不可以省略。
6、It ｉs ｄifficult ( adｊ．） + ｔｏｄo sｔh
It is + ａｄj. + for ｓb tｏ do stｈ
7、Ｉｔｉs liｋely ＋ to do ｓｔｈ
It ｉs unlikｅｌy + to do sth
Iｔ is likｅlｙ＋ tｈaｔ?
It ｉs unlikely + that
8、 It/tｈere ｉｓ no ｕse/ｎｏ good/no point + doinｇ
9、Only to +动词（．．．．．。,结果却.。．。。．)
１0、动名词在“There iｓ ( ｗas ） no + do
ｉｎg ”结构中作主语例如：There is nｏdenying ｔhat sｈe ｉs vｅry ｅｆficient。11。It ｉs/wａs nｏt ｕntil。.．tｈat(直到。..才)
?12.It wａｓ noｔ+时间段+beｆore（没过多长
时间就..．)
It ｗas+一段时间＋before从句（过了多长时间
之后才到。。．）
四、倍数/从句(6）ｔｗｉce as mucｈ/many aｓ(区分可数与不可数）
.1、主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as ＋adj． + as Eg： I hａve three tiｍ
es ａｓ manｙ as ｙou.我有你三倍那么多。
.2、（表语从句）应使用The rｅason。..is ｔhaｔ .．.或Tｈｉs / it / that ／ｉs
beｃａuse ．.．等句型。（只记这一个
考点）?不要使用Thｅ reason.．。ｉs be
ｃausｅｔhat.。.句型?
.3、(同位语从句)faｃt （iｄea， neｗs， bｅlief, thouｇht， doubt, order,
suggeｓtion, ｐrｏoｆ，ｍｅsｓａgｅ, coｎcｌuｓｉoｎ, desire, theory, trｕth，informaｔion ,word) ｔhａt.．。最常考
得五个同位语单词.
一、选择题 1．—________ you Mary? —Yes, I ________. A．Are; is B．Is; am C．Are; am D．Am; is 2．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 3．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 4．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 5．Parents always hope their children a happy and healthy life. A．to live B．can live C．living D．should live 6．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 7．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 8．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 9．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 10．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 11．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it?
M6U4虚拟语气讲解 2011.12.16 一、虚拟条件句 1．非真实条件句的形式，根据时间的不同可分为如下三种： ⑴表示与将来的事实或愿望相反 ①If it snowed / should snow / were to snow tomorrow, we would change our plan． 要是明天下雪的话，我们就改变计划。 ②If we changed / should change / were to change our plan, they would be disappointed． 如果我们改变计划，他们会失望的。 ⑵表示与现在的事实或愿望相反(be动词常用were) ①If I knew the answer, I would tell you．如果我知道答案，我会告诉你。 ②If 1 were rich，I would donate money to the Hope Project． 要是我富有的话，我会捐款给希望工程。 ⑶表示与过去的事实或愿望相反 If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have danced with the American Indians． 如果你早十分钟来的话，你就可以和印第安人跳舞了。 2．可以省去条件句中的if，使用倒装句，即把从句中的should，were和had置于句首。 ①Should it snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration． 如果明天下雪，我们就推迟庆祝会。 ②Were I rich, I would buy an expensive cal．要是我有钱，我就买一辆昂贵的汽车。 ③Had you attended the lecture, you could have known the special custom． 如果你听了讲座，你就会知道这种特殊的习俗了。 3．虚拟条件句中的谓语可用进行时，表示“如果……正在……”等含义，主句中的谓语仍用would（或might，should，could），并根据情况选用时态。如： ① If we weren’t living in the 21st century, people would treat the event in an old way. 要不是生活21世纪，人们会用旧有的方式对待这个事件。 ②If Mary were living a hard life, her parents should be responsible for it. 要是玛丽生活艰难的话，她的父母应该对此负责。 4．错综虚拟语气(也叫混合时间虚拟语气) 如果虚拟句的主、从句中动词表达不同的虚拟动作时间，则该句被称为“混合条件虚拟句”。句中动词采用何种形式（现在或过去虚拟式）要依据主、从句中的时间状语（或上下文）来确定。如： ①If you worked hard now, you would get a good job in the future． 如果你现在努力，将来会有好工作。 ②If he had not been caught in the rain yesterday, he wouldn’t be ill now． 要是他昨天不淋雨的话，现在就不会生病了。 ③If David had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now． 如果大卫在上次的选举中多赢得六张选票，那么他就会是我们的现任主席。 【注意】在混合条件虚拟句中，要注意事实和虚拟假设的混合。要根据所述事实发生的时间确定它的时态形式。 ①I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible，but I Was fully occupied the whole of last week．如有可能，我本来会到医院去看望他的，但整个上周我实在是太忙了。（说明过去情况，用一般过去时） ② If Tom didn’t work overtime today, he would come to our reception. However, he is preparing the coming exam now. 如果Tom今天不加班，他回来我们的宴会的。然而，他现在正准备即将到来的考试。（说明现在情况，用现在进行时） ③Should it not rain tomorrow, I might travel around our town. What a pity! I will have to help my father on the farm. 万一明天不下雨，我可能会周游我们镇。真遗憾，我不得不在农场上帮助我父亲。（说明将来情况，用一般将来时） 5．“could have + 过去分词”也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could是情态动词，表示“能够”，相当于：had been able to……。比如： ① If I could have earned enough money, I should have traveled over the world. 要是我挣的钱足够多的话，我就会周游世界了。 ② If you could have prevented mistakes, you might have been more successful. 如果你能避免错误的话，你会更加成功的。 6．Were it not for sth: （与现在或将来情况相反）要不是因为…… Had it not been for sth: (与过去情况相反) 要不是因为…… ① Were it not for the heavy traffic today, I would set off to my school. 要不是因为今天繁忙的交通，我就动身去学校了。 ② Had it not for the delay, they could have completed their long march yesterday. 要不是因为耽误，他们昨天就能结束他们的长征。 7．隐含条件虚拟句 虚拟句中没有明显的虚拟条件，而是利用其他手段来暗示所存在的虚拟条件(可转化为if 条件虚拟句)，此类虚拟句被称为“隐含条件虚拟句”。 ⑴由without，but for，with（要不是因为）等词引导的介词短语表示隐含条件。 ①I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present．(=I couldn’t have lived through Christmas if I hadn’t given you a present.) 若不送给你礼物，我无法过这圣诞节。 ②But for your timely help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. (=We couldn’t have finished the work on time if you hadn’t given us your timely help.) 要不是你们及时给予帮助，我们不可能按时完成工作。
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气（2） 1. Well, it is high time you ________the train. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch 2. He talks as though eh ________all the work himself, but in fact Jim and John did most of it. A. did B. has done C. does D. had done 3. He spoke as though he ________in space at that moment. A. walked B. would walk C. were walking D. would have walked 4. He looked ________he had just woken. A. that B. if though C. as if D. like 5. If only we ________a recorder of our own. A. had B. have C. will have D. would have 6. Mother told me to put on my coat ________I should catch cold. A. if B. unless C. in order that D. for fear that 7. She insisted that we ________there for another two days. A. stay B. would stay C. stayed D. must stay 8. I requested that he ________ us some advice on how to do it. A. must give B. give C. were to give D. gave 9. It was requested that the play ________again.
初中英语语法三大从句总结 在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 宾语从句 一、定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 定语从句 一、定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。 二、先行词 先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后
虚拟语气的基本容 【开头引入】 If 如果(如果有两种可能,有可能发生的，不可能发生的。) ①有可能发生If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park. ②不可能发生虚拟语气，例如，如果我是明，。。。 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所以，凡表示与事实不符的假设，想象，愿望时，需用虚拟语气表达。 一、If 引导的虚拟 （一）If 引导的虚拟语气,可用下表表示。 例如： ①与现在事实相反：If I had wings, I would fly over the sea. ②If she were rich, she would buy a bigger house. If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk on the earth. ②与过去事实相反： If You had gone to the party, You would have seen YaoMing. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. ③与将来事实相反： If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting. If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together. If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go skating. （二）if虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。 如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had, should,可把if 省略，把were, had, should 提到主语前面，成为倒装结构。 ①If I were you, I would accept the challenges. ----Were I you, I would accept the challenges ②If you had informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. ----Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. ③If she should be my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. ----Should she be my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.
高中英语虚拟语气知识 点及练习 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。 一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法： 1、a. If I were you, I would apply for the job. b. If I lived near my office, I would walk to the office. 与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were） 主句谓语：should / would / could / might+动词原形 2、a. If you had been more careful, You could have passed the exam. b. If you had turned off the gas, the house wouldn’t have caught fire. 与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + have done 3、a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. b. if it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. c. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go camping. 与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式 / should + v原形 / were + to do 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + do 二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如： a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. 从句叙述与过去事实相反（had + done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would + v）
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
初中英语语法专项练习十四——虚拟语气 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。 2. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother. A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。 3. —If he ___________, he ________that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。 4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier. A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be 解析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。 5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 解析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。 6. I wish I _____ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 解析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。 7. ——If he _____ , he _____ that food. ——Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 解析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 解析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表
Ⅰ 例句： 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 【典型例题】 1） If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 2）If he _______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. (2010年湖南卷) A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 3）John went to the hospital alone. If he ______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010年天津卷) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 4） If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010年陕西卷) A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 5）—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______. (2010年北京卷) A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died Ⅱ
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
初中英语语法总结（从句） 英语从句三大类型 按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。 一,名词性从句 1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen. 2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not. 3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not. 二,定语从句 1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well. 2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here. 2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king. 5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me. 8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little. 1．定语从句 There are some old books in the box. The boy dressed in blue is from America. ?分清几个概念：先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词；关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词主要有 when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用，一是连接主句和从句的作用，二 是在定语从句中做成分。 ?定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句如果去掉会影 响句子意义的完整性，非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子意义的完整性，如： July is the month when we have a lot of rain. There are many plays (that) I’d like to see. The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot. This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago. 1.非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔 开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如: 2. telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell． 3. D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945． 4. in a damp（潮湿的）house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone． 5.限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或 宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如： 6.first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830． 7. second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn合恩角． ?代表all，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：
2020年高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解 语法讲解：虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类 l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2. 语气的种类（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：we are not ready. 我们没准备好。what a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：open the door， please.请打开门。（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： if i were you， i should study english. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。may you succeed！祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如： if it doesn't rain tomorrow， we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： if he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注：主句中的should只用于i、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。 l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：if my brother were here， everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：if you had taken my advice，you wouldn't （couldn't） have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。 3. 表示与将来事实可