Designation:A182/A182M–10a Endorsed by Manufacturers Standardization
Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USDOE-NE Standards
Standard Speci?cation for
Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,
Forged Fittings,and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature
Service1
This standard is issued under the?xed designation A182/A182M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon(′)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1.Scope*
1.1This speci?cation2covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems.Included are?anges,?ttings,valves,and similar parts to speci?ed dimensions or to dimensional standards,such as the ASME speci?cations that are referenced in Section
2.
1.2For bars and products machined directly from bar(other than those directly addressed by this speci?cation;see6.4), refer to Speci?cations A479/A479M and A739for the similar grades available in those speci?cations.Products made to this speci?cation are limited to a maximum weight of10000lb [4540kg].For larger products and products for other applica-tions,refer to Speci?cations A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades,respectively, available in those speci?cations.
1.3Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic,marten-sitic,austenitic,and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are in-cluded in this speci?cation.Selection will depend upon design and service requirements.Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex)grades are also found in Speci?cation A1049/ A1049M.
1.4Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired.These shall apply only when speci?ed individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5This speci?cation is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units.However,unless the order speci?es the applicable“M”speci?cation designation(SI units),the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.6The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,bining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1In addition to the referenced documents listed in Speci-?cation A961/A961M,the following list of standards apply to this speci?cation.
2.2ASTM Standards:3
A262Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A336/A336M Speci?cation for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
A370Test Methods and De?nitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A479/A479M Speci?cation for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
A484/A484M Speci?cation for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars,Billets,and Forgings
A739Speci?cation for Steel Bars,Alloy,Hot-Wrought,for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts,or Both
A763Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless Steels
A788/A788M Speci?cation for Steel Forgings,General Re-quirements
A961/A961M Speci?cation for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges,Forged Fittings,Valves,and Parts for Piping Applications
A965/A965M Speci?cation for Steel Forgings,Austenitic,
1This speci?cation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Nov.1,2010.Published December2010.Originally
approved https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,st previous edition approved in2010as A182/A182M–10. DOI:10.1520/A0182_A0182M-10a.
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speci?-cation SA-182in Section II of that Code.
3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright.?ASTM International.100Barr Harbor Dr.,P.O.Box C-700,West Conshohocken,Pennsylvania19428-2959,United States --```,`,`,``,,`,`,`,`,`,`,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
A1049/A1049M Speci?cation for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic(Duplex),for Pressure Vessels and Re-lated Components
E92Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-als4
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E165Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E340Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys 2.3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5
Section IX Welding and Brazing Quali?cations
2.4AWS Speci?cations6
A5.4/A5.4M Speci?cation for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.5/A5.5M Speci?cation for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.9/A5.9M Speci?cation for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods
A5.11/A5.11M Speci?cation for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.14/A5.14M Speci?cation for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods
A5.23/A5.23M Speci?cation for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
A5.28/A5.28M Speci?cation for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
A5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
3.Terminology
3.1De?nitions—For de?nitions of terms used in this speci-?cation,refer to Speci?cation A961/A961M.
3.2De?nitions of Terms Speci?c to This Standard:
3.2.1hardened condition,n—for F23,the metallurgical condition achieved after normalizing and cooling to room temperature but prior to tempering.
4.Ordering Information
4.1It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order information necessary to purchase the needed material.In addition to the ordering information guidelines in Speci?cation A961/A961M,orders should include the follow-ing information:
4.1.1Additional requirements(see7.2.1,Table2footnotes, 9.3,and18.2),and
4.1.2Requirement,if any,that manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forging before machining and the exact location of test specimen material(see9.3.1).
5.General Requirements
5.1Product furnished to this speci?cation shall conform to the requirements of Speci?cation A961/A961M,including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order.Failure to comply with the general requirements of Speci?cation A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this speci?cation.In case of con?ict between the requirements of this speci?cation and Speci?cation A961/A961M,this speci?cation shall prevail.
6.Manufacture
6.1The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by the open-hearth,electric-furnace,or basic-oxygen process with the option of separate degassing and re?ning processes in each case.
6.2The stainless steels shall be melted by one of the following processes:(a)electric-furnace(with the option of separate degassing and re?ning processes);(b)vacuum-furnace;or(c)one of the former followed by vacuum or electroslag-consumable remelting.Grade F XM-27Cb may be produced by electron-beam melting.
6.3A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.
6.4The material shall be forged as close as practicable to the speci?ed shape and size.
6.4.1Flanges of any type,elbows,return bends,tees,and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. 6.4.2Cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined from forged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel bar without additional hot working.
6.4.3Small cylindrically-shaped low alloy and martensitic stainless steel parts,NPS-4[DN100]and under,may be machined from forged or rolled bar,without additional hot working.
6.5Except as provided for in6.4,the?nished product shall be a forging as de?ned in the Terminology section of Speci?-cation A788/A788M.
7.Heat Treatment7
7.1After hot working,forgings shall be cooled to a tem-perature below1000°F[538°C]prior to heat treating in accordance with the requirements of Table1.
7.2Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels—The low alloy steels and ferritic and martensitic stainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of7.1and Table1.When more than one heat treatment option is listed for a Grade in Table1,any one of the heat treatments listed shall be performed.The selection of the heat treatment shall be at the manufacturer’s option,unless otherwise stated in the purchase order.
4Withdrawn.The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,.
5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY10016-5990,http:// https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,.
6Available from American Welding Society(AWS),550NW LeJeune Rd., Miami,FL33126,https://www.doczj.com/doc/7110360443.html,.
7A solution annealing temperature above1950°F[1065°C]may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizing conditions in F321,F321H,F347,F347H,F348,and F348H.When speci?ed by the purchaser,a lower temperature stabilization or resolution annealing shall be used subsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal(see Supplementary Requirement
S10).
7.2.1Liquid Quenching—When agreed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted provided the temperatures in Table1for each grade are utilized.
7.2.1.1Marking—Parts that are liquid quenched and tem-pered shall be marked“QT.”
7.2.2Alternatively,Grade F1,F2,and F12,Classes1and 2may be given a heat treatment of1200°F[650°C]minimum after?nal hot or cold forming.
7.3Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels—The austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of7.1and Table1.
7.3.1Alternatively,immediately following hot working, while the temperature of the forging is not less than the minimum solution annealing temperature speci?ed in Table1, forgings made from austenitic grades(except grades F304H,F 309H,F310,F310H,F316H,F321,F321H,F347,F347H, F348,F348H,F45,and F56)may be individually rapidly quenched in accordance with the requirements of Table1. 7.3.2See Supplementary Requirement S8if a particular heat treatment method is to be employed.
7.4Time of Heat Treatment—Heat treatment of forgings may be performed before machining.
7.5Forged or Rolled Bar—Forged or rolled austenitic stainless bar from which cylindrically shaped parts are to be machined,as permitted by6.4,and the parts machined from such bar,without heat treatment after machining,shall be furnished to the annealing requirements of Speci?cation A479/ A479M or this speci?cation,with subsequent light cold draw-ing and straightening permitted(see Supplementary Require-ment S3if annealing must be the?nal operation).
TABLE1Heat Treating Requirements
TABLE1Continued
F50solution treat and quench1925[1050]liquid500[260]B F51solution treat and quench1870[1020]liquid500[260]B F52C liquid500[260]B F53solution treat and quench1880[1025]liquid500[260]B F54solution treat and quench1920-2060[1050-1125]liquid500[260]B F55solution treat and quench2010-2085[1100-1140]liquid500[260]B F57solution treat and quench1940[1060]liquid175[80]B F59solution treat and quench1975-2050[1080-1120]liquid500[260]B F60solution treat and quench1870[1020]liquid500[260]B F61solution treat and quench1920-2060[1050-1125]liquid500[260]B F65solution treat and quench1830-2100[1000-1150]liquid D500[260]B F66solution treat and quench1870–1975[1020–1080]liquid500[260]B F67solution treat and quench1870–2050[1020–1120]liquid500[260]B
A Minimum unless temperature range is listed.
B Not applicable.
C Grade F52shall be solution treated at1825to1875°F[995to1025°C]30min/in.of thickness and water quenched.
D The cooling media for Grade F65shall be quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.
8.Chemical Composition
8.1A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Speci?ca-tion A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the chemical composition prescribed in Table2.
8.2Grades to which lead,selenium,or other elements are added for the purpose of rendering the material free-machining shall not be used.
8.3Starting material produced to a speci?cation that spe-ci?cally requires the addition of any element beyond those listed in Table2for the applicable grade of material is not permitted.
8.4Steel grades covered in this speci?cation shall not contain an unspeci?ed element,other than nitrogen in stainless steels,for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a speci?ed element having a required minimum content.For this requirement,a grade is de?ned as an alloy described individually and identi?ed by its own UNS designa-tion or Grade designation and identi?cation symbol in Table2.
8.5Product Analysis—The purchaser may make a product analysis on products supplied to this speci?cation in accor-dance with Speci?cation A961/A961M.
9.Mechanical Properties
9.1The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties for the grade ordered as listed in Table3.
9.2Mechanical test specimens shall be obtained from pro-duction forgings,or from separately forged test blanks pre-pared from the stock used to make the?nished product.In either case,mechanical test specimens shall not be removed until after all heat treatment is complete.If repair welding is required,test specimens shall not be removed until after post-weld heat treatment is complete,except for ferritic grades when the post-weld heat treatment is conducted at least50°F [30°C]below the actual tempering temperature.When test blanks are used,they shall receive approximately the same working as the?nished product.The test blanks shall be heat treated with the?nished product and shall approximate the maximum cross section of the forgings they represent.
9.3For normalized and tempered,or quenched and tem-pered forgings,the central axis of the test specimen shall correspond to the1?4T plane or deeper position where T is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented forging.In addition,for quenched and tempered forgings,the mid-length of the test specimen shall be at least T from any second heat-treated surface.When the section thickness does not permit this positioning,the test specimen shall be positioned as near as possible to the prescribed location,as agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.
9.3.1With prior purchase approval,the test specimen for ferritic steel forgings may be taken at a depth(t)corresponding to the distance from the area of signi?cant stress to the nearest heat-treated surface and at least twice this distance(2t)from any second surface.However,the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated surface than3?4in.[19mm]and to the second treated surface than11?2in.[38mm].This method of test specimen location would normally apply to contour-forged parts,or parts with thick cross-sectional areas where1?4T3T testing(see9.3)is not practical.Sketches showing the exact test locations shall be approved by the purchaser when this method is used.
9.3.2Metal Buffers—The required distances from heat-treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral extensions.Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel,and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration weld that seals the buffered surface.Specimens shall be located at1?2-in.[13-mm]minimum from the buffered surface of the forging.Buffers shall be removed and the welded areas subjected to magnetic particle test to ensure freedom from cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed by subsequent machining.
9.4For annealed low alloy steels,ferritic stainless steels, and martensitic stainless steels,and also for austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels,the test specimen may be taken from any convenient location.
9.5Tension Tests:
9.5.1Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stain-less Steels—One tension test shall be made for each heat in each heat treatment charge.
9.5.1.1When the heat-treating cycles are the same and the furnaces(either batch or continuous type)are controlled within 625°F[614°C]and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are available,then only one tension test from each heat of each forging type(see Note 1)and section size is required,instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment charge.
N OTE1—“Type”in this case is used to describe the forging shape such as a?ange,ell,tee,and the like.
9.5.2Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Grades—One tension test shall be made for each heat.
9.5.2.1When heat treated in accordance with7.1,the test blank or forging used to provide the test specimen shall be heat treated with a?nished forged product.
9.5.2.2When the alternative method in7.3.1is used,the test blank or forging used to provide the test specimen shall be forged and quenched under the same processing conditions as the forgings they represent.
9.5.3Testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and De?nitions A370using the largest feasible of the round specimens.The gage length for measuring elongation shall be four times the diameter of the test section.
9.6Hardness Tests:
9.6.1Except when only one forging is produced,a mini-mum of two pieces per batch or continuous run as de?ned in 9.6.2shall be hardness tested in accordance with Test Methods and De?nitions A370to ensure that the forgings are within the hardness limits given for each grade in Table3.The purchaser may verify that the requirement has been met by testing at any location on the forging provided such testing does not render the forging useless.
9.6.2When the reduced number of tension tests permitted by9.5.1.1is applied,additional hardness tests shall be made on forgings or samples,as de?ned in9.2,scattered throughout the load(see Note2).At least eight samples shall be checked from each batch load,and at least one check per hour shall be made from a continuous run.When the furnace batch is less
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eight forgings,each forging shall be checked.If any check falls outside the prescribed limits,the entire lot of forgings shall be reheat treated and the requirements of 9.5.1shall apply.
N OTE 2—The tension test required in 9.5.1is used to determine material capability and conformance in addition to verifying the adequacy of the heat-treatment cycle.Additional hardness tests in accordance with 9.6.2are required when 9.5.1.1is applied to ensure the prescribed heat-treating cycle and uniformity throughout the load.
9.6.3When the alternative to the Ti/N ratio limit for F23is applied,(see Note P in Table 2),a minimum of two pieces per batch or continuous run as de?ned in 9.6.2shall be hardness tested,in the hardened condition (see 3.2.1),to ensure that the
forgings are within the hardness limit given for F23in Note P of Table 2.The test samples shall be taken at the mid thickness of the thickest section of the product.Testing shall be per-formed in accordance with the Test Method E92or with Test Methods and De?nitions A370.
9.7Notch Toughness Requirements—Grades F 3V ,F 3VCb,and F 22V .
9.7.1Impact test specimens shall be Charpy V-notch Type,as shown in Fig.11a of Test Methods and De?nitions A370.The usage of subsize specimens due to material limitations must have prior purchaser
approval.
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TABLE3Tensile and Hardness Requirements A
Grade Symbol Tensile Strength,
min,ksi[MPa]Yield Strength,min,
ksi[MPa]B
Elongation in2in.
[50mm]or4D,
min,%
Reduction of
Area,min,%
Brinell Hardness
Number,HBW Low Alloy Steels
F170[485]40[275]2030143–192 F270[485]40[275]2030143–192 F570[485]40[275]2035143–217 F5a90[620]65[450]2250187–248 F985[585]55[380]2040179–217 F1080[550]30[205]3050...
F9185[585]60[415]2040248max F9290[620]64[440]2045269max F12290[620]58[400]2040250max F91190[620]64[440]1840187–248 F11Class160[415]30[205]2045121–174 F11Class270[485]40[275]2030143–207 F11Class375[515]45[310]2030156–207 F12Class160[415]32[220]2045121–174 F12Class270[485]40[275]2030143–207 F2175[515]45[310]2030156–207 F3V,and F3VCb85–110[585–760]60[415]1845174–237 F22Class160[415]30[205]2035170max F22Class375[515]45[310]2030156–207 F22V85–110[585–780]60[415]1845174–237 F2374[510]58[400]2040220max F2485[585]60[415]2040248max FR63[435]46[315]2538197max F36,Class190[620]64[440]15...252max F36,Class295.5[660]66.5[460]15...252max
Martensitic Stainless Steels
F6a Class170[485]40[275]1835143–207 F6a Class285[585]55[380]1835167–229 F6a Class3110[760]85[585]1535235–302 F6a Class4130[895]110[760]1235263–321 F6b110–135[760–930]90[620]1645235–285 F6NM115[790]90[620]1545295max
Ferritic Stainless Steels
F XM-27Cb60[415]35[240]2045190max F42960[415]35[240]2045190max F43060[415]35[240]2045190max
Austenitic Stainless Steels
F30475[515]C30[205]3050...
F304H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F304L70[485]D25[170]3050...
F304N80[550]35[240]30E50F...
F304LN75[515]C30[205]3050...
F309H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F31075[515]C30[205]3050...
F310MoLN78[540]37[255]2540...
F310H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F31675[515]C30[205]3050...
F316H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F316L70[485]D25[170]3050...
F316N80[550]35[240]30E50F...
F316LN75[515]C30[205]3050...
F316Ti75[515]30[205]3040...
F31775[515]C30[205]3050...
F317L70[485]D25[170]3050...
S3172780[550]36[245]3550217
S3205393[640]43[295]4050217
F34775[515]C30[205]3050...
F347H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F347LN75[515]C30[205]3050...
F34875[515]C30[205]3050...
F348H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F32175[515]C30[205]3050...
F321H75[515]C30[205]3050...
F XM-1190[620]50[345]4560...
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TABLE3Continued
Grade Symbol Tensile Strength,
min,ksi[MPa]Yield Strength,min,
ksi[MPa]B
Elongation in2in.
[50mm]or4D,
min,%
Reduction of
Area,min,%
Brinell Hardness
Number,HBW
F XM-19100[690]55[380]3555...
F2080[550]35[240]3050...
F4494[650]44[300]3550...
F4587[600]45[310]4050...
F4678[540]35[240]4050...
F4775[525]30[205]4050...
F4880[550]35[240]4050...
F49115[795]60[415]3540...
F5673[500]27[185]3035...
F58109[750]61[420]3550...
F6295[655]45[310]3050...
F6380[550]32[220]25...192max F6490[620]40[275]3550217max F904L71[490]31[215]35......
Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels
F50100–130
[690–900]
65[450]2550...
F5190[620]65[450]2545...
F52100[690]70[485]15......
F53116[800]G80[550]G15...310max F54116[800]80[550]1530310max F55109–130
[750–895]
80[550]2545...
F57118[820]85[585]2550...
F59112[770]80[550]2540...
F6095[655]65[450]2545...
F61109[750]80[550]2550...
F65109[750]80[550]25......
F6694[650]65[450]30...290max F6790[620]65[450]18 (302)
A Where ellipses appear in this table,there is no requirement and the test for the value need neither be performed nor a value reported.
B Determined by the0.2%offset method.For ferritic steels only,the0.5%extension-under-load method may also be used.
C For sections over5in.[130mm]in thickness,the minimum tensile strength shall be70ksi[485MPa].
D For sections over5in.[130mm]in thickness,the minimum tensile strength shall be65ksi[450MPa].
E Longitudinal.The transverse elongation shall be25%in2in.or50mm,min.
F Longitudinal.The transverse reduction of area shall be45%min.
G For sections over2in.[50mm]in thickness,the minimum tensile strength shall be106ksi[730MPa];the minimum yield strength shall be75ksi[515MPa].
9.7.2The Charpy V-notch test specimens shall be obtained as required for tension tests in9.2,9.3and9.5.One set of three Charpy V-notch specimens shall be taken from each tensile specimen location.
9.7.3The longitudinal axis and mid-length of impact speci-men shall be located similarly to the longitudinal axis of the tension test specimens.The axis of the notch shall be normal to the nearest heat-treated surface of the forging.
9.7.4The Charpy V-notch tests shall meet a minimum energy absorption value of40ft-lbf[54J]average of three specimens.One specimen only in one set may be below40 ft-lbf[54J],and it shall meet a minimum value of35ft-lbf[48 J].
9.7.5The impact test temperature shall be0°F[?18°C].
10.Grain Size for Austenitic Grades
10.1All H grades and grade F63shall be tested for average grain size by Test Methods E112.
10.1.1Grades F304H,F309H,F310H,and F316H shall have a grain size of ASTM No.6or coarser.
10.1.2Grades F321H,F347H,and F348H shall have a grain size of ASTM No.7or coarser.
10.1.3Grade F63shall have a grain size of ASTM No.3or ?ner.
11.Corrosion Testing for Austenitic Grades
11.1Corrosion testing is not required by this speci?cation.
11.2Austenitic grades shall be capable of meeting the intergranular corrosion test requirements described in Supple-mentary Requirement S4.
12.Retreatment
12.1If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to the requirements speci?ed,the manufacturer may reheat treat the forgings and repeat the tests speci?ed in Section9.
13.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
13.1Forgings shall conform to the requirements of Speci-?cation A961/A961M.
13.2The forgings shall be free of scale,machining burrs which might hinder?t-up,and other injurious imperfections as de?ned herein.The forgings shall have a workmanlike?nish, and machined surfaces(other than surfaces having special requirements)shall have a surface?nish not to exceed250AA (arithmetic average)roughness
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14.Repair by Welding
14.1Weld repairs shall be permitted(see Supplementary Requirement S58of Speci?cation A961/A961M)at the discre-tion of the manufacturer with the following limitations and requirements:
14.1.1The welding procedure and welders shall be quali?ed in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
14.1.2The weld metal shall be deposited using the elec-trodes speci?ed in Table4except as otherwise provided in Supplementary Requirement S5.The electrodes shall be pur-chased in accordance with AWS Speci?cations A5.4/A5.4M, A5.5/A5.5M,A5.9/A5.9M,A5.11/A5.11M,A5.14/A5.14M, A5.23/A5.23M,A5.28/A5.28M,or A5.29/A5.29M.The sub-merged arc process with neutral?ux,the gas metal-arc process, the gas tungsten-arc process,and gas shielded processes using ?ux-core consumables,may be used.
14.1.3Defects shall be completely removed prior to weld-ing by chipping or grinding to sound metal as veri?ed by magnetic-particle inspection in accordance with Test Method A275/A275M for the low alloy steels and ferritic,martensitic, or ferritic-austenitic stainless steels,or by liquid-penetrant inspection in accordance with Test Method E165for all grades.
14.1.4After repair welding,the welded area shall be ground smooth to the original contour and shall be completely free of defects as veri?ed by magnetic-particle or liquid-penetrant inspection,as applicable.
14.1.5The preheat,interpass temperature,and post-weld heat treatment requirements given in Table4shall be met. Austenitic stainless steel forgings may be repair-welded with-out the post-weld heat treatment of Table4,provided purchaser approval is obtained prior to repair.
14.1.6Repair by welding shall not exceed10%of the surface area of the forging nor331?3%of the wall thickness of the?nished forging or3?8in.[9.5mm],whichever is less, without prior approval of the purchaser.
14.1.7When approval of the purchaser is obtained,the limitations set forth in14.1.6may be exceeded,but all other requirements of Section14shall apply.
14.1.8No weld repairs are permitted for F6a Classes3and 4.
14.1.9Post-weld heat treatment times for F36are:for Class 1,up to2in.[50mm]in thickness,1h per in.[25mm],15 minutes minimum,and over2in.[50mm],15minutes for each additional in.of thickness or fraction thereof;for Class2,1h per in.[25mm],1?2h minimum.
TABLE4Repair Welding Requirements
TABLE4Continued
Grade Symbol Electrodes A Recommended Preheat and
Interpass Temperature
Range,°F[°C]Post Weld Heat-Treatment Temperature,Minimum or Range,°F[°C]
FR E8018-C2NR NR
Austenitic Stainless Steels
F304E308-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ G
F304L E308L-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F304H E308-15or16H or E308H-XX NR1900[1040]+WQ
F304N E308-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F304LN E308L-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F309H E309-15or16H or E309H-XX NR1900[1040]+WQ
F310E310-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F310H E310-15or16H NR1900[1040]+WQ
F310MoLN E310Mo-15or16NR1920–2010[1050–1100]+WQ F316E316-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F316L E316L-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F316H E316-15or16H or E316H-XX NR1900[1040]+WQ
F316N E316-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F316LN E316L-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F316Ti E316-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F317E317-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F317L E317L-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
S31727...NR...
S32053...NR...
F321B E347-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F321H B E347-15or16H NR1925[1050]+WQ
F347E347-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F347H E347-15or16H NR1925[1050]+WQ
F347LN I E347-15or16NR...
E348E347-15or16NR1900[1040]+WQ
F348H E347-15or16H NR1925[1050]+WQ
F XM-11XM-10W NR NR
F XM-19XM-19W NR NR
F20E/ER-320,320LR NR1700–1850[925–1010]+WQ F44E NiCrMo-3NR2100[1150]+WQ
F45B.........
F46.........
F47...J...2100[1150]+WQ
F48...J...2100[1150]+WQ
F49...J...2100[1150]+WQ
F58E NiCrMo-10...2100[1150]+WQ
F62E NiCrMo-3NR2025[1105]+WQ
F904L E NiCrMo-3NR1920–2100[1050–1150]+WQ
Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels
F5025%Cr,6%Ni,1.7%Mo NR NR
F5122%Cr,5.5%Ni,3%Mo NR NR
F5226%Cr,8%Ni,2%Mo NR NR
F5325%Cr,7%Ni,4%Mo NR NR
F5425%Cr,7%Ni,3%Mo,
W
NR NR F5525%Cr,7%Ni,3.5%Mo NR NR
F5725%Cr,7%Ni,3%Mo,1.5%
Cu,1%W
NR NR F59E Ni CrMo-10NR NR
F6022%Cr,5.5%Ni,3%Mo NR NR
F6126%Cr,9%Ni,3.5%Mo NR NR
F6529%Cr,6.5%Ni,2%Mo NR NR
F6622%Cr,2%Ni,0.25%Mo NR NR
F67...NR NR
A Except for Grades F91,F92,F911,F122,F47,F48,and F49,electrodes shall comply with AWS Speci?cations A5.4/A5.4M,A5.5/A5.5M,A5.9/A5.9M,A5.11/A5.11M, A5.14/A5.14M,A5.23/A5.23M,or A5.28/A5.28M.
B Purchaser approval required.
C All repairs in F91shall be made with one of the following welding processes and consumables:SMAW,A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9;SAW,A5.23/A5.23M EB9+?ux;GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9;and FCAW,A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9.In addition,the sum of the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumables shall not exceed1.0%.
D All repairs in F92,F911,and F122,shall be made using welding consumables meeting the chemical requirements for the grade in Table2.
E Not required for not below0.500in.[12.7mm].
F NR=not required.
G WQ=water quench.
H Filler metal shall additionally have0.04%minimum carbon.
I Matching?ller metal is available.
J Match?ller metal is available.Fabricators have also used AWS A5.14/A5.14M,Classi?cation ERNiCrMo-3and AWS A5.11/A5.11M,Classi?cation ENiCrMo-3?ller metals.
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15.Inspection
15.1Inspection provisions of Speci?cation A961/A961M apply.
16.Rejection and Rehearing
16.1The purchaser shall comply with the provisions of Speci?cation A961/A961M.
17.Certi?cation
17.1In addition to the certi?cation requirements of Speci-?cation A961/A961M,test reports shall be furnished to the purchaser or his representative.
17.2Test reports shall include certi?cation that all require-ments of this speci?cation have been met.The speci?cation designation included on test reports shall include year of issue and revision letter,if any.The manufacturer shall provide the following where applicable:
17.2.1Type heat treatment,Section7,
17.2.2Product analysis results,Section8of Speci?cation A961/A961M,
17.2.3Tensile property results,Section9(Table3),report the yield strength and ultimate strength,in ksi[MPa],elonga-tion and reduction in area,in percent,
17.2.4Chemical analysis results,Section8(Table2), 17.2.5Hardness results,Section9(Table3,and for F23, Tables2and3),
17.2.6Grain size results,Section10,and
17.2.7Any supplementary testing required by the purchase order.
18.Product Marking
18.1In addition to the marking requirements of Speci?ca-tion A961/A961M,the manufacturer’s name(see Note3)or symbol shall be permanently marked on each forging.
N OTE3—For purposes of identi?cation marking,the manufacturer is considered the organization that certi?es the piping component was manufactured,sampled,and tested in accordance with this speci?cation,and the results have been determined to meet the requirements of this speci?cation.
18.1.1Quenched and tempered low alloy or martensitic stainless forgings shall be stamped with the letters QT follow-ing the speci?cation designation.
18.1.2Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with the letter“W”following the Speci?cation designation.When repair-welded austenitic stainless steel forgings have not been postweld heat treated in accordance with Table4,the letters “WNS”shall be marked following the speci?cation designa-tion.
18.1.3When test reports are required,the markings shall consist of the manufacturer’s symbol or name,the grade symbol,and such other markings as necessary to identify the part with the test report(18.1.1and18.1.2shall apply). 18.1.4Parts meeting all requirements for more than one class or grade may be marked with more than one class or grade designation such as F304/F304H,F304/F304L,and the like.
18.2Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in18.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identi?cation method.The purchaser may specify in the order a speci?c bar coding system to be used.The bar coding system,if applied at the discretion of the supplier,should be consistent with one of the published industry standards for bar coding.If used on small parts,the bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
19.Keywords
19.1austenitic stainless steel;chromium alloy steel; chromium-molybdenum steel;ferritic/austenitic stainless steel; ferritic stainless steel;martensitic stainless steel;nickel alloy steel;notch toughness requirements;pipe?ttings;piping ap-plications;pressure containing parts;stainless steel?ttings; stainless steel forgings;steel;steel?anges;steel forgings, alloy;steel valves;temperature service applications,elevated; temperature service applications,high;wrought material
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
In addition to any of the supplementary requirements of Speci?cation A961/A961M,the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when speci?ed by the purchaser in the order.
S1.Macroetch Test
S1.1A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched to show?ow lines and internal imperfections.The test shall be conducted according to Test Method E340.Details of the test shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S2.Heat Treatment Details
S2.1The manufacturer shall furnish a detailed test report containing the information required in17.2and shall include all pertinent details of the heat-treating cycle given the forg-ings.S3.Material for Optimum Resistance to Stress-Corrosion Cracking
S3.1Austenitic stainless steel shall be furnished in the solution-annealed condition as a?nal operation with no sub-sequent cold working permitted,except,unless speci?cally prohibited by the purchaser,straightening of bars from which parts are machined is permitted to meet the requirements of Speci?cation A484/A484M
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S4.Corrosion Tests
S4.1All austenitic stainless steels shall pass intergranular corrosion tests performed in accordance with Practice E of Practices A262.
S4.2Intergranular corrosion tests shall be performed on specimens of ferritic stainless steels as described in Practices A763.
S4.3For both the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, details concerning the number of specimens and their source and location are to be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S5.Special Filler Metal
S5.1In repair-welded F316,F316L,F316H,and F316N forgings,the deposited weld metal shall conform to E308 composition wire.Forgings repair welded with E308weld metal shall be marked F__W308.
S6.Hardness Test
S6.1Each forging shall be hardness tested and shall meet the requirements of Table3.
S7.Alternate Heat Treatment(Grade F91and F92)
S7.1Grade F91shall be normalized in accordance with Section7and tempered at a temperature,to be speci?ed by the purchaser,less than1350°F[730°C].It shall be the purchas-er’s responsibility to subsequently temper at1350°F[730°C] minimum to conform to the requirements of the speci?cation. All mechanical tests shall be made on material heat treated in accordance with Section7.The certi?cation shall reference this supplementary requirement indicating the tempering tempera-ture applied.The notation“S7”shall be included with the required marking of the forging.
S8.Heat Treatment of Austenitic Forgings
S8.1The purchaser shall specify the heat-treatment method (in7.1or in7.3.1)that shall be employed.
S8.2The manufacturer shall provide a test report containing the information required in17.2and shall include a statement of the heat-treatment method employed.
S9.Grain Size for Austenitic Grades
S9.1Forgings made from austenitic grades other than H grades shall be tested for average grain size by Test Method E112.Details of the test shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S10.Stabilization Treatment
S10.1Subsequent to the solution anneal for Grades F321,F 321H,F347,F347H,F348,and F348H,these grades shall be given a stabilization heat treatment at1500to1600°F[815to 870°C]for a minimum of2h/in.[4.7min/mm]of thickness and then cooling in the furnace or in air.In addition to the marking required in Section18,the grade designation symbol shall be followed by the symbol“S10.”
S11.Grain Size Requirements for Non-H-Grade
Austenitic Steels Used Above1000°F[540°C]
S11.1Non-H grades of austenitic stainless steels shall have a grain size of No.7or coarser as determined in accordance with Test Methods E112.The grain size so determined shall be on a certi?ed test report.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01has identi?ed the location of selected changes to this speci?cation since the last issue, A182/A182M–10,that may impact the use of this speci?cation.(Approved November1,2010)
(1)Added Grade F347LN to Tables1-4.
(2)Added ellipses(...)in Table2and revised Footnote A to explain them.(3)Added HBW to column heading for Brinell Hardness Number in Table3.
Committee A01has identi?ed the location of selected changes to this speci?cation since the last issue, A182/A182M–09a,that may impact the use of this speci?cation.(Approved May1,2010)
(1)Added reference to Speci?cation A1049/A1049M in1.3 and Referenced Documents.
(2)Revised7.2to clarify that when multiple heat treatment options are listed in Table1,only one of the options need be exercised.
(3)Added reference to Test Method E92in9.6.3and Refer-enced Documents.
(4)Added new Section3Terminology,including a de?nition for hardened condition,and renumbered subesquent sections.
(5)Revised chemistry requirements for F23in Table2.
(6)Revised Table2to include ellipses where values are presently blank and to explain the meaning of the ellipses.(7)Added new Footnote A to Table3explaining the meaning of the ellipses in the table.
(8)Added2.4to reference only AWS consumable material speci?cations rather than ASME SFA speci?cations.Also added A5.14/A5.14M,which was already referenced in Note G of Table4;and added references to A5.23/A5.23M,A5.28/ A5.28M,and A5.29/A5.29M,new references for Grade F91.
(9)Corrected reference to Supplementary Requirement S9of Speci?cation A961/A961M to S58in13.1.
(10)Changed references to ASME SFA speci?cations to AWS speci?cations and added A5.14/A5.14M,A5.23/A5.23M, A5.28/A5.28M,and A5.29/A5.29M in
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(11)Revised Table 4to change requirements for electrodes for F91,F92,F911,and F122,and changed references to ASME SFA speci?cations to AWS speci?cations.
(12)Revised Table 4to revise electrodes listed for Grades F5,F5a,and F9,since the previously listed AWS classi?cations A502and A505have been discontinued;and to add A5.14/
A5.14M ,A5.23/A5.23M ,and A5.28/A5.28M to Note A.
(13)Added Note F to the electrode designations for the H-grades of austenitic stainless steel forgings listed in Table 4.Added listings for H-grade electrodes where such AWS clas-si?cations exist.
Committee A01has identi?ed the location of selected changes to this speci?cation since the last issue,A182/A182M–09,that may impact the use of this speci?cation.(Approved June 1,2009)
(1)Added Grades S31727,S32053,and F 67(S32506)to Tables 1-4.
Committee A01has identi?ed the location of selected changes to this speci?cation since the last issue,A182/A182M–08a,that may impact the use of this speci?cation.(Approved May 1,2009)
(1)Changed the heat treatment range for Grade S32202in Table 1.
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