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【泛读材料】2019年流行语汇选(中英文双语)

【泛读材料】2019年流行语汇选(中英文双语)
【泛读材料】2019年流行语汇选(中英文双语)

泛读材料(Extensive-reading Materials): 2019年流行语汇选(中英文双语)

世界三大英语词典2019年度热词出炉

1.牛津词典:“气候紧急事件”

据《卫报》报道,《牛津词典》宣布“气候紧急事件”("climate emergency")为2019年年度词汇。

此前,“气候紧急事件”的使用增加了100倍,并表示这表明我们谈论气候的方式“更加直接”。

Oxford Dictionaries has declared “climate emergency” the word of the year for 2019, following a hundred-fold increase in usage that it says demonstrated a “greater immediacy” in the way we talk about the climate.牛津词典将其定义为“需要采取紧急行动以减少或停止气候变化,并避免由此造成的不可逆转的环境破坏(“a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it”)”。

牛津词典表示,该词已从“相对不为人知”飙升至“2019年最引人注目的、备受争议的词汇之一”。

Oxford said the words soared from “relative obscurity” to “one of the most prominent – and prominently debated –terms of 2019.”

牛津大学表示,这一选择不仅反映了人们对气候变化意识的增强,还特别关注了我们讨论气候变化时使用的语言。《牛津词典》称,“气

候紧急事件”一词的出现反映出人们正有意识地将语言推向即时性和紧迫性。

2.剑桥词典:“升级回收”

剑桥词典网站日前发布消息称,“upcycling”(升级回收)被确定为2019年年度词汇。

这个词指的是将无用及不需要的产品,转化为质量更好或具有环境价值的新材料或产品。

Cambridge Dictionary has named 'upcycling', the activity of making new items out of old or used things, as its Word of the Year 2019.

剑桥词典近日将“upcycling”(升级回收)评为2019年年度词汇。“升级回收”指的是用旧的或使用过的东西制造新物品的活动。

数据显示,“升级回收”一词当选是因为它是最能引起剑桥词典用户共鸣的“每日一词”。

Upcycling was chosen as the ‘Word of the Day’ which resonated most strongly with followers on the Dictionary’s Instagram account. It received more likes than any other ‘Word of the Day’ when shared on 4 July 2019. 2019年7月4日,剑桥词典在Instagram账户上分享这个词汇时,它获得的点赞量超过其他所有的“每日一词”。

自2011年12月首次被收入剑桥词典网站以来,“升级回收”一词的搜索量增长了181%,仅去年一年的搜索量就增加了一倍。

剑桥词典的出版经理温德林·尼科尔斯说:“‘升级回收’一词背后的积极含义比这个词本身更有意义。”

"We think it's the positive idea behind upcycling that appeals more than the word itself," said Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager of the Cambridge Dictionary. "Stopping the progression of climate change, let alone reversing it, can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is a concrete action a single human being can take to make a difference.

剑桥词典的出版经理温德林·尼科尔斯说:“我们认为,‘升级回收’一词背后的积极意义比这个词本身更吸引人。阻止气候变化的进程,更不用说扭转它,有时似乎是不可能的。‘升级回收’是每个人可以为此做出改变的具体行动。”

这些具体行动包括,人们改变自身的饮食、衣着、出行等行为习惯。"Lookups of upcycling reflect the momentum around individual actions to combat climate change — the growing trends of vegan, flexitarian and plant-based diets; reading and following the handbook There is No Planet B; or fashion designers upcycling clothes to create their latest collections." 第一页共八页

“对‘升级回收’一词的搜索反映了个人应对气候变化行动的趋势——纯素食、弹性素食和植物性饮食的增长趋势;阅读并遵循《没有第二个地球》手册,以及时装设计师们对衣服进行‘升级回收’来打造最新服装系列。”

其他相关词汇也入围了2019年度词汇,反映了对于气候变化影响担忧:

carbon sink 碳汇

An area of forest that is large enough to absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere and therefore to reduce the effect of global warming

森林面积大到足以吸收地球大气中大量的二氧化碳,从而减少全球变暖的影响

compostable 可堆肥的

Something that is compostable can be used as compost when it decays

可用来制作肥料的东西,腐烂后可以用作堆肥

除此之外,剑桥词典最近新增了“塑料足迹”这个词。

A recent addition is the noun plastic footprint, defined as a measurement of the amount of plastic that someone uses and then discards, considered in terms of the resulting damage caused to the environment.

剑桥词典新增“塑料足迹”这个词,用来衡量一个人使用和丢弃塑料的数量,及其对环境造成的破坏。

3.柯林斯词典:“气候罢工”

同时,柯林斯词典则将“climate strike(气候罢工)”选为2019年度词汇。

The 2019 word of the year - which will get its own entry in the next edition of the dictionary - is defined by Collins as "a form of protest in which people absent themselves from education or work in order to join demonstrations demanding action to counter climate change".

2019年度词汇“气候罢工”将被收录进下一版的柯林斯词典中。柯林斯词典将其定义为“人们停课或停工,以参加示威要求采取行动应对气候变化的一种抗议形式。”

这是继2018年“一次性使用”("single-use")之后,环保词汇连续第二年被选为年度词汇。

在过去一年时间里,全球爆发了多次气候变化抗议活动。

柯林斯词典编纂者发现,与2018年相比,今年这个词的使用频率增加了100倍,于是climate strike当之无愧地当选2019年度词汇。"Climate strike" was picked by Collins Dictionary after being used on average 100 times more this year than in 2018.

柯林斯词典将“climate strike(气候罢工)”选为2019年度词汇,今年该词的平均使用率是2018年的100倍。

The term was first recorded four years ago when pupils skipped school to protest over global warming - but the movement has grown over the last year.

这个说法最早出现在四年前,当时学生们罢课抗议全球变暖,但是去年,该运动影响范围进一步扩大。

来看一下事件梳理:

1)The term climate strike was first registered in November 2015 during the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris when the first event of its kind took place.

“气候罢工”一词最早出现在2015年11月巴黎联合国气候变化大会期间,当时发生了首次“气候罢工”。

2)But the movement was reignited thanks to Swedish teenage activist Greta Thunberg.

但由于瑞典青少年活动家格里塔·腾伯格的行动,气候罢工行动得以再现。

3)On 20 August 2018, Thunberg sat outside Sweden's parliament carrying a "school strike for climate change" sign and saying she was refusing to attend classes until Swedish politicians took action.

2018年8月20日,腾伯格坐在瑞典议会外,举着“为气候变化而罢课”的牌子,并表示除非瑞典政界人士采取行动,否则她将拒绝上课。

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4)The movement snowballed with students around the world missing school to demand action on global warming, and in September millions of people took part in a global climate strike.

这场运动愈演愈烈,世界各地的学生纷纷罢课,要求对全球变暖采取行动。今年9月,数百万人参加了全球气候罢工。

除了“气候罢工”,柯林斯还增加了“回归野生化”("rewilding")一词,即让土地回归野生状态。

Alongside "climate strike", Collins has also added the term "rewilding", the practice of returning land to a wild state.

在任何紧急情况,人们的智慧和能力都可以让我们准备一份“Plan B”备用。

但地球只有一个,There is no Planet B。

2019年中国流行语汇(中英文双语)

1.不忘初心(牢记使命)remain/stay true to our original aspiration; never forget why we started and stay committed to our missions;(never forget our mission; )

Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind, hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, strive for the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, and work tirelessly to realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.

不忘初心,牢记使命,高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,决胜全面建成小康社会,夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗。

2.硬核hardcore; core

He is the hardcore engineer here---- we cannot do without him.

他是我们这儿的硬核工程师,没他可不行。

《柯林斯COBUILD英语词典》的定义是“You can refer to the members of a gr oup who are most committed to its activities”;《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》的定义是“having belief or way of behaving that will not

change”。汉语意思是“骨干的,中坚的”;它既可作名词,也可作形容词,如hardcore fan(铁杆粉丝),hardcore devotee(中坚分子),hardcore traditionalists(坚定的守旧者)。

进入2019年,“硬核”作为网络用语一炮走红,先后入选《咬文嚼字》2019年十大流行语,以及入选国家语言资源监测与研究中心发布的“2019年度十大网络用语”。该词原本分别应用于音乐和游戏领域,指的是奔放强劲的演唱风格,如hardcore rap(硬核说唱),hardcore game (硬核游戏)。现代流行语中也有“很时尚,很酷”的意思,如hardcore workout(时尚健身)。就core而言,《牛津美式英语词典》给其定义是“the central or most important part of something”(核心,精髓,要点);此义有与hardcore互换使用的趋势(见《柯林斯COBUILD英语词典》中core词条的第8义项)。一般可以说core technology (核心技术,硬核技术),也可以说hardcore technology geeks(铁杆技术迷);hardcore theory(核心理论)意思与core theory等同。还有一种用&连接构成一个词汇的用法,hard & core technology指的是以人工智能、航空航天、生物技术、光电芯片、信息技术等为主的高精尖技术。汉语网络流行语经常说“硬核操作”“回复很硬核”等,其翻译就要取决于上下文的语境了。

3.女排精神the morale of the Chinese women’s volleyball team; the fighting spirit of the Chinese women’s volleyball team

诞生于上世纪八十年代的女排精神,是与改革开放同时唱响的时代强音,是一种国民的集体记忆,是中国由迷茫走向振兴时期的战歌,因

而极大地增强了中国人的凝聚力、向心力和自信心,成为中华民族不屈不挠、积极进取的精神象征,影响、感召了几代人的奋进,同时仍不失其巨大的现实意义和时代价值。因而,英译时不妨使用更具广博含义的morale,其本义为the amount of confidence and enthusiasm, etc. that a person or a group has at a particular time,即更具“士气”或“精神风貌”之意,如: “艰苦奋斗是延安精神”(“Work

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diligently in defiance of difficulties” is the morale of Yan’an),“团队精神建立在相互信任的基础之上” (The team morale is based on mutual trust),等等。总体考虑,“女排精神”不妨译为the morale / fighting spirit of the Chinese women’s volleyball team。

4. 996 (9am-9pm × 6 days); work from 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week;almost-around-the-clock office hours 代表着中国互联网企业盛行的加班文化(overtime culture in internet companies )

在写字楼工作的白领,一般会说:I’ve got a nine-to-five job. (我有份朝九晚五的工作。)综合而言,故不妨译为“996 (9am-9pm × 6 days)”,如“有些公司现鼓励年轻人实行996工作制”可翻译成In some companies, young people are now encouraged to work on 996 (9am-9pm × 6 days),这样翻译似乎中和了简约与诠释的特点。当然,在文章中,首次出现时如此,在下文中可省略为“996”。

5.网红经济Internet/cyber celebrity/influencer/star economy

参考维基百科,“网红”一词除了Internet celebrity,还可以叫influencer、cyber celebrity/star、key opinion leader (KOL)、Internet personality、online celebrity、micro-celebrity(注意,要与microcelebrity相区别)。甚至,用富有中国特色的拼音wanghong也可以。《中国日报》《环球时报》近年报道里用的是cyber celebrity。

6.我太南(难)了! Life is so hard(tough). / I am overburdened./ It's difficult for me. / What am I supposed to do?

根据百度百科:“我太难了”出自“快手”视频网站上的一个“土味视频”。视频配了一曲忧伤的音乐,主播眉头紧锁,眼神空洞,一边说着“我太难了,老铁,最近压力很大”,一边欲哭无泪地用双手紧紧扶住额头。该视频发布后,“我太难了”立即引爆网络。随后,网络上还出现了以“我太难了”为主题的表情包,为了好玩有趣,用麻将牌中的“南风”代“难”。也有人据此把话说成“我太南了”。“我太难/南了”的流行,是普通网民希望释放生活压力的心理表现。

常见的译文有“Life is so hard.”,“I am overburdened.”或“What am I supposed to do? ”。

我认为,如果用作个人感慨,“Life is so hard!”最好。“I am overburdened.”平铺直叙(我负担过重),没有把感情表达出来。我

不太理解为何翻译为“What am I supposed to do? ”(你让我怎么做?)。这是一首英文歌曲的名字,也是描述世事艰辛,但结尾处号召人们奋起斗争:Fight for your rights and let’s end this war! 这与“我太难了”的表达的无助并不契合。

hard也可以改为tough:“Life is so tough!”(But life is tough and if you’re creative, it’s tougher. —Bobby Short);但tough和hard似乎区别不大(Life is not meant to be hard: if it is, we make it so. —Ivan Panin)。

7.柠檬精(我酸了)green with envy; full of bitter jealousy; envy and hate;green-eyed monster

Chad is heading off to Spain for the week, and I’m green with envy.

查德这周要去西班牙,我酸了。

柠檬精是一个网络热词(buzzword), 源自于电竞圈,可解读为“柠檬成精”,是中文“酸”之社会心理意义的形象表达,其基本语义为“极致地爱酸别人或嫉妒别人”,但随着使用语境变化,也会产生细微变异。网络使用样例抽样考察显示,该热词既可描写主体的心理状态,也可描写客体的心理状态;同时,“酸”的理据也有“羡慕”“嫉妒”“羡慕嫉妒恨”之别,构成一个迭代升级的连续体。

鉴于此,green with envy适用于较为积极的语境,表达“你有,我也想有”的心理意义; full of bitter jealousy适用于较为消极的语境,表达“你有,我为何不能有”的心理意义;当然,也有envious jealousy、envy and hate这样的更为复杂的心理状态。另外,莎士比亚《奥赛罗》中的the green-eyed monster也是可资借用的翻译形式,更适用于表达个人情感世界的“争风吃醋”。假如英文中有对应的实体名词,那么翻译起来或许会简练一些。

8.垃圾分类garbage/waste classification;trash-sorting

“四分法”,共分为厨余垃圾(餐厨垃圾kitchen waste)、可回收物(recyclables)、有害垃圾(hazardous waste)、其他垃圾(other waste)。

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百度百科将垃圾分类定义为:按一定规定或标准将垃圾分类储存、分类投放和分类搬运,从而转变成公共资源的一系列活动的总称。这一规定性定义表明,垃圾分类是一个专门术语,是一个相对抽象的上位概念,已衍生出较为完备的概念系统。鉴于此,建议采用garbage classification这一翻译形式,用以涵盖“存储”“投放”“搬运”“分离”等一系列具体过程。

9.杠精contrarian; naysayer; hater; argumentative persons Argumentative persons are born to argue.

“杠精们”是为抬杠而生的。“杠精”是自2017年才开始走红的网络词汇,是汉语“抬杠”和“戏精”或“人精”等词汇的组合词,意指通过抬杠获得满足感,或者在任何情况下总是喜欢唱反调,或毫无理由和逻辑地持相反的观点。即不问真想,不求是非,为反对而反对。

英美人士比较喜欢用contrarian,来指“喜欢抬杠的人”或“采取相反的行为”(choosing to do or say the opposite of what is expected),例如,contrarian attitude(相反的态度);contrarian investment(反向投资策略)。

只要杠精们想抬杠,就没有他们找不出的反对理由;表示“抬杠”的说

法还有naysayer,即no + sayer,指“老爱唱反调的人”“总是喜欢否定别人的人”;hater英文的本义是“仇恨者”,但国外一些论坛上常常用它来表示“喷子”或私下里发表批评意见的“键盘侠”。此外,还有一个词汇devil’s advocate(魔鬼的代言人),意思指为了帮助朋友或同事把某个问题考虑得周到一些,堵塞漏洞,故意提出不同意见。作为一般的“杠精”,个人建议使用contrarian和naysayer。

网上有用Mr Right 翻译“杠精”的,感觉不太准确,因为这个词可能指Mr Know-It-All,即“万事通先生”(事事正确),也可以指“白马王子”。

10.我命由我不由天My life is self-made rather than predestined. / I decide my own fate, not God. / I’m the master of my own fate. / My fate is decided by myself not the god.

这个热词的翻译可以有多种表达方式,在“I am in control of my own destiny rather than God.”“I’m the master of my own fate!”“My fate is decided by myself not the God!”等翻译中,我建议把God改成Heaven。另外,戏译如下:With Heaven, O, I vie / For mast’ry of ma vie.

11.道路千万条,安全第一条(源于《流浪地球》Wandering Earth)On countless roads ahead, safety comes first.

Routes are countless. Safety is foremost.

12.好嗨哟be so high/get really high

Her spirits get really high after a couple of drinks.

几杯酒下肚,她变得好嗨哟。

13.是个狼人someone is a badass/crackerjack

He is a real badass, finishing that project on such a tight schedule.

工期这么紧的情况下,他还能完成项目,真是个狼人。

14.雨女无瓜none of your business

15.14亿护旗手1.4 billion guardians of the national flag

I’m one of the 1.4 billion guardians of the national flag and I love my motherland. 我是14亿护旗手之一,我爱我的祖国。

16.断舍离simplifying life

I’m simplifying my life lately, dumping tons of unwanted things.

我最近正在断舍离,扔了许多不要的东西。

17.文明互鉴Mutual learning of civilization

18.区块链block chain

19.我不要你觉得,我要我觉得。My way or the highway!/ I’m the boss. / I’m Huang Xiaoming. You got it? /It doesn’t matter what you think. What matters is my plan.

20.霸凌主义Bullying

21.vlog 视频博客

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22.Brexit 英国脱欧

23.punchline 关键句

24.Notre Dame de Paris巴黎圣母院

25.black hole 黑洞

26.AirPods无线耳机

27.hybrid rice杂交水稻

28.PUA “恋爱大师”(对异性诱骗洗脑)

29.a slap in the face; so delicious 真香定律(打脸:指一个人已经完成了对某件事从拒绝到喜欢的甜蜜打脸过程)

30.Hmm. How interesting! 呵呵!

31.praise group / Wechat adoration group夸夸群

32.choke with laughter喷饭

33.Teach him a lesson /Go for it! 盘他!

34.shippers CP粉

35.Fast fast biubiu/ Everything listens to me right now. /Be quick to obey my command.

急急如律令

36.My motherland and me 我和我的祖国

37.Golden decade 金色十年

38.the most outstanding contributors最美奋斗者

39.study to make our country stronger学习强国

40.China-US trade talks 中美贸易磋商

41.小姐姐 a young and pretty lady

42.正能量good vibes

43.佛系 a “whatever” lifestyle;Buddha-like

Chinese youth are gradually embracing a “Buddha-like” mindset.

中国青年群体越来越接受“佛系”的心态。

“佛系”的流行体现了年轻人对锱铢必较、非理性争执的反感,希望构建和谐的生活秩序。也有人说,年轻人以“佛系”自嘲,体现的是一种求之不得干脆降低人生期待值的无奈,反映的是一种不可取的消极生活态度。

44.单身狗single people

45.妥妥的All set.

46.先行示范区pilot demonstration area

47.确认过眼神(确认过,甄别过) soul gaze

Souls kiss with a gaze you, I want to embrace.

确认过眼神,我遇上对的人。

出自林俊杰《醉赤壁》里的一句歌词:“确认过眼神,我遇上对的人。”其实在英文中,很少像中文里那样提到“眼神”这个概念,一般直接用“眼睛”来表达。比方说:eye contact (眼神交流),再比如“忧郁的眼神”可以说melancholy/sad eyes;又或者give sb the evil eye指的是狠狠瞪视人家。

48. 真人秀pick I’ll pick Kun.我支持蔡徐坤。

49. 凉凉(没戏了) be done If I tell you the secret, I’m done.

如果我把秘密告诉你了,我就凉凉了。

50. 家里有矿someone with a deeper pocket

The one with a deeper pocket bought the mansion.

最后那个富翁拍下了豪宅。

51. C位(出道) center position

The most important person usually stands in the center position of a group photo.

最重要的人通常站在集体照的C位。(C位一般都是大咖人物)

52. 锦鲤Koi fish,锦鲤指小概率事件中运气极佳的人(a lucky dog)

53. 官宣(指官方正式声明或宣布、官方消息,强调权威性、可靠性)official announcement; officially announce

They made an official announcement about their marriage on Weibo.

他们在微博上公布了婚讯。第六页共八页

54.命运共同体(即在相同条件下结成的命运攸关的集体,源自人类命运共同体) a community with a shared future

55.教科书式(形容某事做得非常标准、规范) a textbook case

56.退群withdraw from a group

解释:群,指在微信、QQ等社交平台建立的可以供一定数量的人群交流的小组;退群,即退出某个社交平台上的交流小组。后来,含义引申,使用范围扩大,退群也指退出某一群体。

出处:特朗普担任总统之后,美国接连退出了好些国际协议或组织,如《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》、《巴黎气候变化协定》、《伊朗核问题全面协议》、万国邮政联盟、联合国教科文组织等等。特朗普甚至

扬言,美国将退出世界贸易组织。“退群”因此成为一个高频热词,广泛出现在新闻报道中。

57.巨婴big baby

本是指体形巨大的婴儿。近年来,人们用“巨婴”指心理滞留在婴儿阶段的成年人。这类人以自我为中心,缺乏规则意识,没有道德约束,一旦出现超乎自己预期的情况,就会情绪失控,产生过激的非理性行为,给社会带来灾难性后果。

58.店小二waiter

店小二,原指旧时茶馆、酒肆、旅店等处负责接待顾客的伙计。“店小二”热情的态度、周到的服务,是店家带给顾客美好体验的重要因素。现指为推进经济发展、为企业提供周到服务的政府部门及领导干部。是社会经济结构中政府部门及领导干部角色的重新定位,是新时代全面深化改革的具体举措。

59.校园贷campus loans

始于2014年,到2015年迎来爆发式增长,但因随后爆发的“裸贷(loans secured against nude photos)、收费混乱(illegal charges)、暴力催收(forcible debt collection)”等负面事件备受舆论质疑。2017年,银监会、教育部、人社部、互联网金融委员会等发布通知,禁止违规机构向大学生提供校园贷服务。

60.禁渔fishing ban 为了改变“无鱼”困局,长江开启了十年禁渔。

61.农民工rural migrant workers

62.年终奖year-end bonus

63.加班费overtime pay

64.实得工资take-home income

65.电子客票electronic ticket

66.春运(the Spring Festival travel rush)

67.实名购票real-name ticket purchasing

68.车票改签ticket changing

69.公共交通public transportation

70.李子柒Li Ziqi--中国新闻周刊年度影响力人物,the mysterious Chinese internet celebrity with more than 8 million fans

“以前在城市里打工,是为了生存;现在生活在乡下,这就是我想要的生活。“ When I worked in the city, it was about survival,” Li says. “Now when I work in the countryside, I feel like I’m truly living.”

“她的视频让人仿佛在黑暗中找到了光亮。” Her videos are the beam from the lighthouse, piercing the darkness and guiding me away from depression.

71.照骗:flattering photo

现在P图的软件越来越多越来越先进了,什么瘦脸大眼祛痘美白都已经不是事儿了,P完图就跟换张脸似的。

There are lots of tutorials on the Internet that teach you how to take a flattering photo of yourself.

网络上有很多教学会教你怎么拍出自己的照骗。

72. 起床气:get up on the wrong side of the bed

不是一个正确的起床的打开方式,也就是起床气。

A: What’s wrong with her? She looks so mean today.

她怎么了?今天看起来凶神恶煞。

第七页共八页

B: Maybe she got up on the wrong side of the bed today.

或许是她起床气还没消吧。

73.暖男:caring/considerate guy

暖男可谓是现在的潮流趋势,婚恋市场上的香饽饽。具体也就是说,细腻周到,懂得照顾别人。也就是caring或considerate. Does being a caring guy mean that I can finally get a girlfriend?

当一个暖男可以让我交到女朋友吗?

74.负能量:negative energy

负能量爆棚,正能量满满,这些都是常挂在嘴边的话。负能量英文可以用negative energy,相反的就是正能量(positive energy)。Don’t let other people’s negative energy bring you down.

不要被其他人的负能量击垮。

You should surround yourself with positive energy.

你应该让自己处在充满正能量的环境。

75.低调:keep a low profile / low-key

2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练3教学文稿

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