条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种
●真实条件句（第一类条件句）所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用直陈语气。
●非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不太可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1.与现在事实相反（第二类条件句）条件从句用If +动词过去式（be的过去式用were），
结果主句用should/would+动词原形。谈论想像中的情况或描写完全不可能的事。
2.与将来事实相反（第二类条件句）条件从句If+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）结果
主句用should/would+动词原形。第二类的形式与第一类不同，If从句中用一般过去时，谈论想像的情况，主句用would+动词原形，推测想像的结果。尽管第二类使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，If之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”
3.与过去事实相反（第三类条件句称为“假设条件句”），条件从句If +had+过去分词，结
果主句用should/ would +have+过去分词。第三类条件句在If从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果。它与第二类条件句有一定的相似之处。但是，第三类所谈论的是没有或永远不可能有的结果。因为它们指的是去没有过的事情。
（在If从句中可用could have+过去分词代替，或had been able to+动词原形）。
当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
1.I am sure that Huston Rockets ___ the game, if Yao Ming’s knee had not been hurt. A. would win B. might have won C. will win D, could win 2.____ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money. A. Jack has known B. If Jack known C. Should Jack know D. Had Jack known 4. Given more time and money, he ___ better than what it is. A. did B. had done C. could have done D. would do 5. Without your encouragement and support, we ___ . A. should not succeeded B. would not succeeded C. would have succeeded D. would not have succeeded 6. The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster. A. will amount to B. amounted to C. would have amounted to D. would amount to 7. If I ___ the job, I would do it in a different way. A. would do B. do C. shall do D. were to do 8. He ___ ten lectures on American history, but he.only gave two because of his illness. A. had given B. gave C. should have given D. must have given 9. Any man in his position ___ like that. A. have done B. would have done C. would be done D. would be doing 10. Five minutes earlier, I ___ the flight. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I ___ the chair. A. would not take B. didn’t take C. hadn’t taken D. wouldn’t have taken 12. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 13. __ you __ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (经销商) for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. — What will you do if it (rain) tomorrow —We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. 2. If I had been you then, I him. (not quarrel) with 3. If I (see) him tomorrow, I would be very happy. 4. If I asked him, I’m sure he (help) me. 5. If I’d left sooner, I (be) on time. Ⅱ. 单项填空：真实条件句和虚拟条件句的用法比较。 1. ① If he in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned ② If he in a day or two, I will wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned 2. ① If I time, I a chat with you soon. A. have; will have B. had; will have C. had had; would have had D. have had; would have had ② If I time last night, I a chat with you. A. have; will have B. had; will have C. had had; would have had D. have had; would have had 3. ① If it this afternoon, we’ll put off the sports meet. A. rain B. rains C. rained D. will rain ② If it even a drop this spring, we would have had a better harvest. A. rained B. rains C. had rained D. have rained 参考答案： Ⅰ. 1. rains 2. wouldn’t have quarrelled 3. saw / should see / were to see 4. would help 5. would have been Ⅱ. 1. ① C; ② A 2. ① A; ② C 3. ① B; ② C Tom, let's go to the cinema this Saturday evening. Sorry, Jack, I can't. Why not I am grounded this weekend. If I go, my father will get mad at me. Why I told him that I failed in the English exam yesterday, so I must study at home for the weekend. Well, if you hadn't told him, he wouldn't have known it. No, Jack, he likes to call my teachers. If he had found it out by himself, I would
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen h is old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my stud ents. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
If引导条件状语从句的详细用法解答 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如： If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework，you can go home．如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如： If I were you，I would invite him to the party．如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic．要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。 另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配 1．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。2．if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 3．if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 4．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时 If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。5．if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时 If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。 6．if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时 If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账 注意： 学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下: if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间; 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。 假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形
①与现在事实相反 If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现虚拟语气专项练习 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
Unit 4 一. if 条件句 if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，能够实现的情况。在这种情况下，主句和从句的谓语动语随各自的人称和时态发生变化，同时if条件句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们去野餐。 如果if条件句用来描述说话人认为与事实相反的内容，或仅是一种愿望，假设、猜测等，我们称为虚拟条件句。 If I got rich , I would travel around the world. 如果我有钱了，我将周游全世界。 二.虚拟语气 区分条件从句主句例句 ★与现在事实相反If+主语+过去 式（be多用 were）… 主语+would/should/could/ might+动词原形… If I were rich, I would buy a big house. 如果我 有钱，我将买一所大房 子。 与过去事实相反If+主语+had+ 过去分词… 主语 +would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词… If I had read this article earlier, I would not have made this kind of mistake.如果我早读过这 篇文章，我就不会犯这 样的错误了。 与将来事实相反If+主语+过去 式（be多用 were） /should+动词 原形/were to+ 动词原形… 主语 +would/should/could/might+动 词原形… If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明 天下雨，比赛就会被推 迟。
真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 一、真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来时。例如： If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 【详解】 条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常由if来引导，作“如果……，那么……”讲。 注：当连词if作“是否”讲时，if引导的从句的时态要根据具体情况而定。 ( ) 1. —I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. （2010山东莱芜） —Really? _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy. A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Before ( ) 2. I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow. If it ______, we won’t go on a picnic.
A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain ( ) 3. We will have no water to drink _______ we don’t protect the earth. （2010上海） A. until B. before C. though D. if 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. We will stay at home if my aunt ______ to visit us tomorrow. A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming ( ) 2. —Do you know if he ______ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be ( ) 3. You will keep healthy ______ you do more exercise, such as running and swimming. A. if B. how C. before D. where Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。 4. 如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。 We will go to the zoo ______ ______ ______ ______ tomorrow. 5. 如果你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, let’s go to play chess. 6. 如果人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。 If everyone protects the environment, the world ______ ______ ______ ______. 二、非真实条件句: 也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。其具体形式如下： 时间概念条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词 与现在事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+do 与过去事实相反had done/been would(could/should/might)+have done 与将来事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+ do should do were to do
If 引导的一般条件状语从句 --------By the teacher: Jerry Zhang 条件状语从句 概念：在复合句中，由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思，状语从句可以分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则] 经典语句：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. If you open the door，I will come in. if 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时，if 从句用一般过去时。 We will go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的话我们就去公园。 We will go traveling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。 主句祈使句，if 从句用一般现在时。 Please call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。 Sing a song if you feel happy. 如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！ 主句含有情态动词，if 从句用一般现在时。 You can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。 You can get number one if you study hard. 如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。 —Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain? 玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？ —Good idea. 好主意。 Unit5练习题：单词 1. If you wear your j___________ to school, the teacher won’t let you in. 2. If you bring food to school, the teacher will t_________ it away. 3. If you are on duty, you must c____________ up the classroom. 4. The f__________ in the garden smells nice. 5. I want to have a birthday party, please help me o___________ it.
If 引导条件句的用法 1、真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形
If引导非真实条件句（虚拟语气）语法教学设计 一、课型分析 虚拟语气这一语法项目比较复杂繁多，在高考题型中都有可能会涉及到，是高中阶段英语学习的一个难点，掌握好虚拟语气对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。本节课主要是讲解if引导的非真实条件句。 1.什么是虚拟语气即虚拟语气的概念。 2.掌握if引导虚拟语气的语法规则。 二、学情分析 虽然所任教的班级是实验班，但大部分学生英语学习习惯差，语法知识混乱，甚至一部分学生学习英语困难，基础知识不扎实，在实际做题时常常无从下手，不能灵活运用。 三、教学目标 1. 掌握if引导虚拟语气语法的基本规则,能解决有关虚拟语气的习题。 2. 通过教师讲解引导，学生能完成相应的练习 3. 通过教师主动性和创造性的发挥，激发学生的学习兴趣，体验成就感。 四、教学重难点 1.教学重点：了解和掌握if引导虚拟语气语法项目的基本规则。 2.教学难点：能运用语法规则去完成各种练习，并在实际语言活动中去灵活应用，培 养学生的语言运用能力和英语思维。 五、教学方法 情景教学法、任务型教学法 六、教学手段 多媒体辅助教学 七、教学过程 step1. Leading in Enjoy the lis t poem “Our first football match”. (Book 6Unit2) （通过复习这首诗，让学生了解虚拟语气的基本概念，引出if引导的非真实条件句）step2. Presenting Suppose three conditions of present, past and future sentences. First condition: 1. If I won (win) the lottery, I would travel (travel) around the world. 2. If my daughter weren’t busy, she would go to the concert of XueZhiqian. Second condition: 共4页第1页共4页第2页
一．一般现在时 1. 1含be动词的一般现在时 1.含义：表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。 2.谓语动词的构成：am / is / are 3.句型： 1). 肯定句：主语＋be动词＋其他。 注意：句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 句末加实心点。 2). 否定句：主语＋be动词＋not ＋其他。 注意：句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 在be动词后面加not ; 句末加实心点。 3). 一般疑问句：Be动词＋主语＋其他 注意：把be动词提前; 句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 第一人称改为第二人称;④句末加问号。 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋be 动词。 否定回答：No, 主语＋be 动词＋not. 4).特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 含实义动词的一般现在时 1.含义：表示现在的事实或状态表示现在的习惯或反复的动作 2.谓语动词的构成：do/does 3.动词的第三人称单数形式的变化形式（动词的适当形式） 一般情况下，直接在动词后面加s。例：want - wants 以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，加es。例：wash - washes ; go - goes; do - does 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es。例：try - tries 4.句型： 肯定句: 主语＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单） 主语＋动词的适当形式＋其他。（主语是三单） 否定句: 主语＋do＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单） 主语＋does＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语是三单） 一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语非三单） 肯定回答:Yes, 主语＋do. 否定回答:No, 主语+do+not. Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语是三单） 肯定回答：Yes,主语+does. 否定回答: No, 主语＋does＋not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 二、
If 引导的一般条件状语从句 条件状语从句 概念：在复合句中，由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思，状语从句可以分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则]) 经典语句：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. If you open the door，I will come in. if 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时，if 从句用一般现在时。 We will go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的话我们就去公园。 We will go traveling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。 主句祈使句，if 从句用一般现在时。 Please call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。 Sing a song if you feel happy. 如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！ 主句含有情态动词，if 从句用一般现在时。 Y ou can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。 Y ou can get number one if you study hard. 如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。 —Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain? 玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？ —Good idea. 好主意。 1、主将从现：主语将来时，从句一般现在时，例：If it is rainy tomorrow，（从句）I will stay at home。（主句） 2、虚拟：主句用would do，从句用过去式，具有假设性，一定不会是真的，例如“如果我是你，我不会穿那条裤子”If I were you，I would not wear the pants。我永远都不可能是你，所以是具有假设性的，还有“如果你有一百万，你会怎么做？”突然天降横财机率是很小的，所以也是具有假设性的，像这种几乎不可能发生的事或者根本不会发生的事就用虚拟！ 条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为“否则”。例如： If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam. = Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。 If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train. = Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。 在学习条件状语从句时，同学们要注意以下几点： 一、时态 如果主句是一般将来时态，这时从句不可以用将来时态，而要用一般现在时。例如： I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不和你一起去那儿了。 二、主从句的位置 大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。例如： Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。