考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（7） (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors__1__, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been__2__Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being__3__increases with age—but overall happiness__4__when a person was born. __5__studies that have__6__older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not__7__whether their__8__was because of their age or because of their__9__life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,__10__out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including__11__measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables__12__health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone′s lifetime.__13__people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,__14__much less happy than those who have had more__15__lives. This finding helps to__16__why past studies have found conflicting results—experience__17__, and tough times can__18__an entire generation′s happiness for the rest of their lives. The__19__news is,__20__we′ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age. 第1题 A.alike B.alongside C.aside D.besides 第2题 A.conflicting B.worrying C.revealing D.appealing 第3题 A.accordingly B.indeed C.hence D.nevertheless 第4题 A.resides with B.rests with C.depends on D.reckons on 第5题
——参考范本—— 【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1（一） ______年______月______日 ____________________部门
Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became 1 in a variety of aerobic activities, and 2 thousands of health spas 3 around the country to capitalize on his 4 interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed 5 to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their 6 was not on aerobics, 7 on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, 8 , and endurance in their primarily male 9 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 10 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs 11 few, if 12, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly 13 for males and for females. Many 14 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 15, most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health
英语（二）模拟试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America. The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate. 1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning 2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft 3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation 4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses 5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion 6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance 7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental 8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove 9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise
Passage One However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying (否认) the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored by the teacher. They can become strong help to the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously go against the learning aims. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted lectures explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupil′s progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly inter If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers′ conferences with parents are devoted to pretty accounts of children′s misbehaviors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for punishment and rewards at home. What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents′ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngst ers′ capacities. (355) 1.The central idea expressed in the above passage is that ［A］home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents. ［B］teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the aims of the school. ［C］there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home. ［D］parents unconsciously have gone against the teaching aims. 2.The author directly discusses the fact that ［A］parents drill their children too much in arithmetic. ［B］principals have explained the new art programs to parents. ［C］ a father can have his son help him construct articles at home. ［D］a parent′s misguided efforts can be properly directed. 3.It can reasonably be inferred that the author ［A］is satisfied with present relationships between home and school. ［B］feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program. ［C］ ［D］is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation. 4.The author implies that ［A］participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves one′s achievement in that area.［B］too many children are lazy and have poor work habits. ［C］school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents. ［D］teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents. 5.We may infer that the writer of the article does favor ［A］a father′s helping his son with the latter′s studies.
北京科技大学 1995年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目: 金属学 适用专业: 金属塑性加工 说明:统考生做1～10题，单考生做1～7题和在8～13题中任选3题。每题10分。 1、什么是固溶体？固溶体可以分为几种？并说明其各自的结晶特点。 2、计算含0.45%C的亚共析钢在共析温度时铁素体和奥氏体两相的相对数量，在这一温度下铁素体和珠光体的相对数量又是多少？ 3、用扩散理论来说明高温条件下钢的氧化过程。 4、画出铁碳平衡相图中的包晶反应部分的相图，并给出包晶反应表达式。 5、说明钢中非金属夹杂物的来源及其种类。 6、说明钢的完全退火、不完全退火、等温退火、球化退火、和低温退火的工艺特点及它们的作用。 7、说明轴承钢的碳化物类型及形成原因。 8、画图说明钢的高温和低温形变热处理的工艺特点。 9、从下列元素中指出哪些元素是扩大奥氏体区域的？哪些元素是缩小奥氏体区域的？C Si Ti Cr Mo Ni Cu N 10、冷变形金属加热发生低温、中温和高温回复时晶体内部发生什么变化？ 11、绘出立方系中｛110｝晶面族所包括的晶面，以及（112）、（123）、（120）晶面。 12、说明共析钢加热时奥氏体形成的过程，并画图表示。 13、合金钢中主要的合金相有几种类型？
北京科技大学 1999年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目: 金属学 适用专业: 金属塑性加工 1、名词解释:（10分） （1）点阵畸变（2）组成过冷（3）再结晶温度（4）滑移和孪生（5）惯习现象 2、说明面心立方、体心立方、密排六方（c/a≥1.633）三种晶体结构形成的最密排面，最密排方向和致密度。（10分） 3、在形变过程中，位错增殖的机理是什么？（10分） 4、简述低碳钢热加工后形成带状组织的原因，以及相变时增大冷却度速度可避免带状组织产生的原因。（10分） 5、简要描述含碳量0.25%的钢从液态缓慢冷却至室温的相变过程（包括相变转换和成分转换）。（10分） 6、选答题（二选一，10分） （1）铸锭中区域偏析有哪几种？试分析其原因，并提出消除区域偏析的措施。 （2）固溶体结晶的一般特点是什么？简要描述固溶体非平衡态结晶时产生显微偏析的原因，说明消除显微偏析的方法。 7、简述金属或合金冷塑性变形后，其结构、组织和性能的变化。（10分） 8、简述经冷变形的金属或合金在退火时其显微组织，储存能和性能的变化规律。（10分） 9、选答题（二选一，10分） （1）为了提高Al-4.5%Cu合金的综合力学性能，采用了如下热处理工艺制度，在熔盐浴中505℃保温30分钟后，在水中淬火，然后在190℃下保温24小时，试分析其原因以及整个过程中显微组织的变化过程。 （2）什么叫固溶体的脱溶？说明连续脱溶和不连续脱溶在脱溶过程中母相成分变化的特点。 10、简述固溶强化，形变强化，细晶强化和弥散强化的强化机理。（10分） 11、简述影响再结晶晶粒大小的因素有哪些？并说明其影响的基本规律。（10分） 12、画出铁碳相图，并写出其中包晶反应，共晶反应和共析反应的反应式。（10分） 13、选做题（二选一，10分） （1）如果其他条件相同，试比较下列铸造条件下，铸件中晶粒大小，并分析原因。 a.水冷模浇铸和砂模浇铸 b.低过热度浇铸和高过热浇铸
考研英语二（作文）模拟试卷118 (总分：14.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、 Writing(总题数：7，分数：14.00) 1.Section III Writing（分数： 2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 2.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.（分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 3.Suppose your roommate Ken is moving to another dorm room this weekend. Write him a letter to 1) offer your help, and 2) send him a little gift. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Dear Ken, I heard that you are moving to another dorm room this weekend. It's quite understandable because I know you are going to take the National Entrance Examination for Postgraduate and need to live and study with other graduate students. If you need my help, please call me. I am available at any time. I won't forget the days we live together. Although you are moving out, I am sure we can still play basketball together every weekend as before. This new basketball is a gift for you. I hope you'll like it. Sincerely, Li Ming) 解析：解析：这是一封向室友提供帮助的信件。室友以前跟自己同住一室，因此要写得很随和，非正式，并且要体现亲切感。第一段说明得知室友要搬宿舍，表示自己愿意帮忙。第二段表示不会忘记之前一起住的日子，以后还会常找他玩。第三段说送个小礼物给他，以示亲切。 4.Suppose your friend David just broke up with his girlfriend and was feeling sad. Write him an email to 1) comfort him, and 2) ask him not to lose confidence in himself. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Dear David, I am very sorry to hear of your breaking up with your girlfriend. I understand it's a really terrible blow, because Ann is your first girlfriend, and you adore her very much. You must feel very sad, but I am sure you will bear it like a man. Just let it be, and don't lose confidence in yourself. You are such an excellent guy, and I am always so proud to have such a talented friend as you. Believe me, you will find your true love soon. Just forget about her. Truly, Li Ming) 解析：解析：这是一封安慰、鼓励失恋的朋友的邮件，这类邮件仅仅会出现在非常亲密的朋友之间，因此用词非常随意，非正式。要以鼓励为主，绝对不要向对方的感情痛楚刨根问底。第一段向对方的遭遇表示同情。第二段鼓励对方勇于面对和承担。第三段希望对方不要失去信心，祝愿他早日找到真爱。 5.Suppose your friend Mike's father passed away yesterday. Mike is in deep sorrow. Write him an email to 1) comfort him, and 2) express condolence. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Dear Mike, I am really sorry to hear the news that your father passed away yesterday. It's hard to imagine how sorrowful you are now. I always remember the lazy days of that summer spent with you at your cottage in Green Lake. Your father was so kind to me and he took good care of both of us. He drove us around to see the beautiful scenery I had never seen
一、名词： 相图：表示合金系中的合金状态与温度、成分之间关系的图解。 匀晶转变：从液相结晶出单相固溶体的结晶过程。 平衡结晶：合金在极缓慢冷却条件下进行结晶的过程。 成分起伏：液相中成分、大小和位置不断变化着的微小体积。 异分结晶：结晶出的晶体与母相化学成分不同的结晶。 枝晶偏析：固溶体树枝状晶体枝干和枝间化学成分不同的现象。 共晶转变：在一定温度下，由—定成分的液相同时结晶出两个成分一定的固相的转变过程。 脱溶：由固溶体中析出另一个固相的过程，也称之为二次结晶。 包晶转变：在一定温度下，由一定成分的固相与一定成分的液相作用，形成另一个一定成分的固相的转变过程。 成分过冷：成分过冷：由液相成分变化而引起的过冷度。 二、简答： 1. 固溶体合金结晶特点？ 答：异分结晶；需要一定的温度范围。 2. 晶内偏析程度与哪些因素有关？ 答：溶质平衡分配系数k0；溶质原子扩散能力；冷却速度。 3. 影响成分过冷的因素？ 答：合金成分；液相内温度梯度；凝固速度。
三、书后习题 1、何谓相图？有何用途？ 答：相图：表示合金系中的合金状态与温度、成分之间关系的图解。 相图的作用：由相图可以知道各种成分的合金在不同温度下存在哪些相、各个相的成分及其相对含量。 2、什么是异分结晶？什么是分配系数？ 答：异分结晶：结晶出的晶体与母相化学成分不同的结晶。 分配系数：在一定温度下，固液两平衡相中溶质浓度之比值。 3、何谓晶内偏析？是如何形成的？影响因素有哪些？对金属性能有何影响，如何消除？ 答：晶内偏析：一个晶粒内部化学成分不均匀的现象 形成过程：固溶体合金平衡结晶使前后从液相中结晶出的固相成分不同，实际生产中，液态合金冷却速度较大，在一定温度下扩散过程尚未进行完全时温度就继续下降，使每个晶粒内部的化学成分布均匀，先结晶的含高熔点组元较多，后结晶的含低熔点组元较多，在晶粒内部存在着浓度差。 影响因素：1）分配系数k0：当k0<1时，k0值越小，则偏析越大；当k0>1时，k0越大，偏析也越大。2）溶质原子扩散能力，溶质原子扩散能力大，则偏析程度较小；反之，则偏析程度较大。3）冷却速度，冷却速度越大，晶内偏析程度越严重。 对金属性能的影响：使合金的机械性能下降，特别是使塑性和韧性显著降低，
考研英语模拟试题一及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty." Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
XX年北京科技大学材料专业考研经验全分享转眼间，已经尘埃落定。回首这一年，有努力，也有回报，有汗水，也有欢笑。这一年，个人的付出固然重要，但诚然，我也从论坛收益良多，现在我小小的总结一下自己的观点，希望能对学弟学哥妹们有所帮助。 先来说说自己的情况:我报考的是北京科技大学材料学院，所考的分数分别为政治58，英语57，数学二115，专业课（材料科学基础）108，总分338。这样一个分数，对于一个工科生而言，算是中规中矩，但是对于今年的北科材料，可算是一个不折不扣的擦线党（初试线337）。即便如此，我想我还是很有必要介绍一下自己的经验。 如今，考研是一个热门的话题。同时，也是大学本科生的一个未来规划中的热门选项。很多人很轻率的就决定考研，对此我是不发表任何评论的。但是，我觉得，一旦决定考研，就要对全局有一个清醒的认识，而不是在模模糊糊的状态下就开始看书，鄙人鱼见，这样只是浪费了自己的时间和经历。 看书前要做好万全准备。大家可能会问要做好哪些准备。且听我慢慢道来。
做好了以上的各种准备，接下来就需要开始各科的复习了。不需要过多的解释，数学和英语都是要从大三下开始的，而政治和专业课是从九月份开始。细节我慢慢道来。 因为本人是工科生，所以只介绍工科生相关经验。我们考的是数学二，也就是只有高数和线性代数。而关于考研复xí，论坛里很多人都会分为三轮，说实话，我自己到目前为止也没好好划分过，所以只按自己的经验一点点介绍。 先插播一下我的学习理念。我觉得作为一个工科生，在学习这一块，理应有些自己的方法。我觉得不管是学什么，首先我们得对这一科有一个全局的把握，其次，我们还要有能力从众多信息中抽象出重点，然后循着重点对症下药。简单来讲，我觉得就是个盖房子的过程，先打地基，再出骨架，最后各种装饰。 频道调回到数学，关于数学的学习，我觉得首先得从书本下手，高数用同济5或者6版的两本书，线代无所谓，大同小异。依据往年的大纲，先把书本过个一遍，对各种概念，各种公式有个初步印象，我觉得这一步很重要：对于基础好的同学，可以作为回顾，对于基础差的同学，可以作为启蒙用。然而这样还不够，书本还要用第二遍，这一遍，最好边看边把你自己认为是重点的句子，定义，概念等抄下来（后期还有大作用），基础好的同学可以随意练练课后习题，基础
2010考研英语（二）模拟试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which 5 the question—does an entrepreneur really need a business-school education? Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.” Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment. Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records out of a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe.