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第四部分阅读理解授课内容：1.题型介绍及考查目标2.阅读理解的出题形式3.答题技巧4.教材重点文章讲解题型介绍该部分考查应试者对不同体裁和不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过阅读获取材料信息（主旨和细节信息）的能力。
要求应试者阅读3篇具有一定难度级别的文章，每篇文章300-450词，每篇文章后有5道小题，应试者应根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
考查目标应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。
6大阅读理解能力：1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2）了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3）利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；4）既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系；5）根据所读材料进行判断和推论；6）领会作者的观点、意图和态度。
阅读理解的出题形式细节题根据上下文猜测词义题主旨题作者观点态度题推理判断题答题技巧细节题1.关键词定位题：根据关键词（时间、地点、数字、名词、专有名词、重要实词或短语等）定位原句，正确选项通常是原句再现、原词再现或同义改写。
例1：American researchers say that lead poisoning may be the cause of tooth damage in ____ children in the U.S.A.almost 1 millionB.more than 2 millionC.almost 2 billionD.about 57 million原文：Children with high levels of lead in their blood may be more likely to have bad teeth. American researchers say that lead poisoning may be the cause of tooth damage in more than 2 million children in the United States.[答疑编号506324040101]【正确答案】B【答案解析】细节题。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" big vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.1.To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toA.design fully automatic cars.B.develop faster electric vehicles.C.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.D.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due toA.heavy traffic.B.human mistakes.C.engine failure.D.bad weather.3.Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.B.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.C.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.D.Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.4.Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used toA.reduce oil consumption.B.remove the obstacles on the road.C.call for help when one’s car crashes.D.help drivers get out of a traffic jam.5.Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?A.It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.答案与题解：1.C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。
2014年职称英语考试试题：综合类阅读理解练习题（5）Are You Just Not Ill or Excellent in Health?As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.1.Today medical care is placing more stress onA.keeping people in a healthy physical condition.B.removing people’s bad living habits.C.monitoring patients’ body functions.D.ensuring people’s psychological well-being.正确答案:B解析:问题问的是：当今的医疗保健更加强调什么?文章开头提到当今医疗保健的焦点已经从治疗疾病转移到预防疾病上，特别是在改变许多不利于健康的行为，如不良的饮食习惯，吸烟和不运动等。
2014 年职称英语综合类阅读理解50 篇第一篇Telling Tales about People1、This passage …about_ the … and biographies.2、Helen Keller wrote_ an autobiography. _______.3、Auto… because they__ want to … light ______.4、The writer … passage by__ defining it ______.5、Diverse means_ varied or different第二篇Outside -the-classroom Learning Makesa Big Difference1、An…student leaders Will not … in it.2、American…mostly for Building friendship.3、Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4、What…successful end? Passion.5、The…replaced by Polish.第三篇Shark Attack!1、After …, the shark_ swam away _.2、It…great whites often…escape _3、Which …of paragraph 4? are.4、The word … 4 means_ great whites'_5、What is … paragraph? We now… animals.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving1、On Halloween, children…as Ghosts.2、When are…eaten? On Thanksgiving.3、Thanksgiving is…for Providing them … lives.4、Many children …because_They can …food.5、The first … in 1620.第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta1、What is…about? The adventures…Battuta.2、Which of …line 5? left to go to.3、The Sultan …because Ibn Battuta…Mecca.4、Which of …with? Ibn Battuta…today.5、Why did …home? The Sultan…return.第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips1、According to…trip? Ad..ts on the board.2、What is…passage? To talk …shows.3、The writer…favor no billboards…road.4、The writer…because they both …between.5、The writer… are exciting.第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers1、The writer …that they wish…home.2、In paragraph 2, …climate. to show…terms3、According to…others? Spain.4、The latter…means every year ...country.5、According to…beaches? Rainy weather.第八篇The Changing Middle Class1、The information …with a social …group2、A common…that_ the family is very important3、In the…as_prosperous and optimistic4、The phrase…is_a restatement…idea5、The word collectively means_ as a group第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best1、With which…agree? Two-parent…children.2、According to…offspring? The young…care.3、What is …paragraph 5? Experiment and result.4、According to…conflict? The …body size.5、According to…by ecological factors.第十篇A Letter from Alan1、Why has…letter? To inform …plans.2、Why is …opinion? Because it …nature.3、What will…jams? A building …Place.4、Alan says…soon have less money5、Which of …made? Say no…place第十一篇The Development of Ballet1、This passage …with the way ballet developed。
2014职称英语综合A 阅读理解（34-50篇）34逃亡在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。
巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。
因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且贏了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我贏的钱退出了游戏。
尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去走一走o我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。
与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。
奇怪的是并没有什么影子映射在窗户上。
我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。
我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。
一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯，十分美丽，可能是新做的。
我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。
一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。
我的手抚摸着放唱片的架子，读着标题。
这里还有很多的……“我可以帮助你吗？”她吓了我一跳。
我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。
她看我的方式如此居高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。
很难避开那个眼神。
但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生oi了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。
我猜不出她的年龄。
尽管她的眼神充满了友善，她使我想起了我的祖母。
我能感觉到她是一个不喜欢与人争吵的人。
最后我开口说话，“我真的只是看看”，私下里却在好奇有多少东西能够塞进汽车。
她转身离开到后面的屋子，示意我应该跟随其后，但这并非是第一个房间，房间的灯光也让我感觉很特别，灯光来自天花板上的油饤，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。
这里没有罕见的电吉他，没有古老的项链，没有鲜花装饰的手绘盒子。
很明显它是陈旧的用来存放垃圾和那些平淡无奇的旧文献的。
我发现了一些旧书，那些金字巳经退去使题目很难辨认。
“它们看起来很有趣。
目录综合类C级： (2)Shark Attack ! 【小心鲨鱼!】 (2)The Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】 (3)综合类B级： (5)Income【收入】 (5)I'II Be Bach【我也能成为巴赫】【2014年新增文章】 (6)Oseola McCarty 【老妇人】 (8)综合类A级： (9)To Have and Have Not【逃亡】 (9)Life as a Movie Extra【群众演员的人生】【2014年新增】 (11)综合类C级：Shark Attack ! 【小心鲨鱼!】Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. "I could have touched its eye with my elbow," says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing.In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. 0nly 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high---fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards of other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.练习：1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark __________.A) bit his surfboardB) bit his fingersC) swam awayD) attacked him2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites ________.A) often let humans escapeB) kill humansC) have so many teethD) grow to six meters or more3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?A) create.B)are.C)increase.D)depend upon.4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means __________.A) people'sB) great whites'C) sea lions'D) seals'5. What is the main idea of the forth paragraph?A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.C) We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.1. 答案：C2. 答案：A3. 答案：B4. 答案：B5. 答案：CThe Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】“I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [to Mecca]...to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris-the travel journal of Ibn Battuta.Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. 0n the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen: “we fought…killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers…．I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me…．We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak'har…and suspended them from the wall.” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, butmisfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves—one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.练习：1. What is the passage mainly about?A) Visitors to Mecca.B) The adventures of Ibn Battuta.C) Ibn Battuta's character.D) Asian countries of the 14th century.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?A) left to go toB) discussed.C) arrived at.D) decided upon.3. The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because _____A) the sultan needed a translator.B) Ibn Battuta had been a judge before.C) Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.D) Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries.4. Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with？A) Ibn Battuta's journeys were very common for people of that time.B) Ibn Battuta's stories are probably not true.C) Ibn Battuta's journey was less important than Marco Polo's.D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.5. Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?A) He was tired of traveling.B) He didn't have any more money.C) He feared the Sultan of Delhi.D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.1. 答案：B2. 答案：A3. 答案：C4. 答案：D5. 答案：D综合类B级：Income【收入】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production—namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP(Gross National Product)because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government(which is not a factor of production., not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.练习：1. This passage is mainly about _______。
12014年职称英语综合A考试范围综合类完形填空（今年没有增加新内容）11. School Lunch（学校午餐）Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) ______ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) ______ meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) ______ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking (4) ______ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) ______ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) ______ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) ______ by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) ______ twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better (9) ______ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) ______ in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) ______ parents, but it can remind them of the (12) ______ value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) ______ their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) ______ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) ______ it.词汇：canteen / kaen'ti:n / n.食堂，小卖部starchy / 'stɑ:tʃi / adj. (食物)含有大量淀粉的注释：1. ... twice as much sugar as ... ：……2倍的糖分……2. it can remind them of the ... ：提醒他们关于……练习：1. A) appropriately B) properly C) probably D) possibly2. A) give B) provide C) make D) do3. A) prefer B) manage C) want D) choose4. A) finding B) number C) figure D) factor5. A) standards B) procedures C) conditions D) ways6. A) piece B) portion C) bowl D) kilo7. A) examined B) found C) taken D) investigated8. A) take B) contain C) consume D) consist9. A) view B) knowledge C) understanding D) opinion10. A) increased B) expanded C) extended D) added11. A) criticise B) instruct C) order D) tell12. A) nutritional B) healthy C) positive D) good13. A) damage B) predict C) destroy D) affect14. A) behaviours B) styles C) attitudes D) habits15. A) prevent B) define C) decide D) delay答案与题解：1. B 本句意为“在英国超过一半以上的儿童将午餐带到学校去吃而不是在中午饭点正常吃”此处需要有“正当地，得体地”意思的副词。
(一)Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。
and Honda’ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。
700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．“The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market．”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．“We feel we have given electric our best shot”The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors’EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down．A．excitement B．anger C．calm D．disappointment2．The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation．A．copy B．furnish C．publish D．summarize3．The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid．A．hidden B．inflexible C．traditional D．official4．Heled a very moral life．A．honorable B．human C．intelligent D．natural5．The majority of people around here are decent．A．real B．honest C．normal D．wealthy6．His knowledge of French is fair．A．very useful B．verylimited C．quite good D．rather special7．The group does not advocate the use of violence．A．limit B．regulate C．support D．oppose8．The worst agonies of the war were now beginning．A．pains B．parts C．aspects D．results9．Itwas a magic night until the spell was broken．A．time B．charm C．space D．opportunity10．They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system．A．prove B．discover C．consider D．imagine11．Several windows had been smashed．A．cleaned B．replaced C．broken D．fixed12．She felt that she had done her good deed for the day．A．homework B．act C．justice D．model13．London quickly became a flourishing port．A．major B．large C．successful D．commercial 14．His professional career spanned 16 years．A．started B．changed C．moved D．lasted15．His stomach felt hollow with fear．A．empty B．sincere C．respectful D．terrible 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）16．Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned17．The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned18．Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned19．All the luxury homes on Palm Jurneriah were sold．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned20．The water theme park in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned21．The Palm Deria will be the same size as Paris．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned22．The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jurneriah．A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Making Light of SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。
2014 年职称英语综合类阅读理解 50 篇（含答案）第一篇 Telling Tales about People 传记类文学作品1、 This passage is mostly about________.这篇文章主要是关于______2、 Helen Keller wrote________.海伦﹒凯勒写了_____3、Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.自传作者有时是不客观的，因为他们_____4、 The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.本文的作者通过_____介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品。
5、 Diverse means________.Diverse 的意思是_______1、 the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies.自传、回忆录和传记的特点2、 an autobiography.一部自传3、 want to present themselves in a good light想展示自己好的一面4、 defining it定义每个类型5、 varied or different多种多样的或者不同的第二篇 Outside -the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同问题答案1、 An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders一项课外活动像募集 30 万美元资金很冒险，因为大多数的学生干部___ 2、 American students join campus organizations mostly for__美国学生参加校园组织主要为了____3、 Who is Katie Rowley?谁是 K.R?4、 What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?学生干部如果要成功的贯彻一个活动需要什么？5、 The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by第六段的动词性短语“fatten up”可以被下面哪个单词替换？1、 Will not take an interest in it.不感兴趣2、 Building friendship.建立友谊3、 She's a senior student.她是一个大四的学生4、 Passion.热情5、 Polish.polish（润色；上光；抛光）(新增) 第三篇 Shark Attack! 小心鲨鱼！问题答案1、 After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_________. Craig Rogers 落水之后，鲨鱼____?2、It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_________作者很难理解为什么大白鲨____?3、 Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line2 of paragraph 4?下面哪个单词最接近第四段第二行斜体标出的词组“make up”的意思？4、 The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_________第四段第二行的单词“their”指什么？5、 What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?1、 swam away鲨鱼自己游走了2、 often let humans escape常常让人类逃脱3、 are.是4、 great whites'大白鲨5、 We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals. 第四段的主要内容是什么？. 我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福问题答案1、 On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as__ 在万圣节上，孩子打扮成____2、 When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten?什么时时候吃火鸡和南瓜饼？3、 Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for___感恩节上美国人感谢上帝_______4、 Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because___ 美国孩子喜欢感恩节的原因是_______5、 The first pilgrims settled in the United States in ___ 第一批定居到美国的人是在_____1、 Ghosts.魔鬼2、 On Thanksgiving.感恩节上3、 Providing them with comfortable and happy lives.为其提供舒适快乐的生活4、 They can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.能够与父母呆在一起，吃许多好吃的食物5、 1620.1620 年(新增) 第五篇 The Travels of Ibn Battuta 伊本白图泰游记问题答案1、 What is the passage mainly about?这篇文章主要是讲什么的？2、 Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?哪个词组最接近第五行中“set off ”意思？3、 The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because__德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作是因为___?4、 Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with?下面哪个观点是这篇文章的作者最认同的？5、 Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?为什么伊本白图泰最后回到了他的家乡？1、 The adventures of Ibn Battuta.伊本白图泰历险记2、 left to go to.出发3、 Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.伊本白图泰在麦加的学习经历4、 Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名5、 The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家第六篇 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行问题答案1、 According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bustrip?根据本文，长途汽车旅行中乘客通常可以看到什么？2、 What is the purpose of this passage?本文的写作目的是什么？3、 The writer of this passage would probably favor作者可能支持的观点是？4、 The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because电视表演与长途汽车相像的原因是？1、 Advertisements on the board.路两边的广告。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案第四部分：阅读理解综合C级：第一篇至第十六篇综合B级：第十七篇至第三十三篇（第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach为新增文章）综合A级：第三十四篇至第五十篇（第三十六篇Life as a Movie Extra为新增文章）孙老师特别提示：此50篇阅读理解只为大家熟悉文章中文意思，万一考到好有准备，请大家一定不要做这50篇的练习，避免受到误导，练习务必以课上历年考试原卷为准。
具体说明专业课临终关怀为大家讲解。
综合C级：第一篇Telling Tales about People（综合C）One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.1. This passage is mostly about _______.A) the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographiesB) famous autobiographiesC) why biography can be difficult to writeD) differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote _______.A) a memoir B) an autobiographyC) a work of fiction D) a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they _______.A) feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB) constantly compete with biography writersC) want to present themselves in a good lightD) have trouble remembering the good times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by _______.A) defining itB) giving an exampleC) explaining why it is hard to writeD) telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means _______.A) able to swim in deep water B) similar or alikeC) varied or different D) enjoying poetry第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。
+第三十四篇To Have or Have Not逃亡1、Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?整理为什么想离开旅馆________。
2、What attracted the writer to the shop?是什么吸引整理到那个商店_____________。
3、The writer found the stock in the front of the shop________.整理发现小店前面存放的物品是怎样的________。
4、What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?那个女人看他的方式有什么不寻常_____________。
5、The writer disliked the back room because________. 整理不喜欢后屋的原因是__________1、To have a change of scene.去看看风景2、The light coming from inside.商店里的灯光3、of top quality质量上乘4、She seemed to know him well 她看起来认识他5、he saw nothing he really liked没有他喜欢的东西+第三十六篇 A Tale of Scottish Rual Life苏格兰乡村生活的故事1．What is true about movie extras? They often have to wait around on movie sets and do nothing. 2．What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job? It can take hours to do a scene th at is only a few minutes long in the movie.3．Why do most people work as movie extras? They want to be on a movie set.4．What are the job requirements for being a movie extra? You must be willing to repeat a scene many times.么会_____。
职称英语阅读理解第1篇 讲述关于人们的故事 Telling Tales about People第2篇 课外学习带来很大不同Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference第3篇 小心鲨鱼 Shark Attack!第4篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving第5篇 伊本白图泰游记 The Travels of Ibn Battuta第6篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips第7篇现代日光浴者 Modern Sun Worshippers第8篇 变化中的中产阶级 The Changing Middle Class第9篇 单亲幼儿最出色 Single-parent Kids Do Best第10篇 艾伦的来信 A Letter from Alan第11篇 芭蕾舞的发展 The Development of Ballet第12篇 走私 Smuggling第13篇 芭比娃娃 The Barbie Dolls第14篇 睡眠 Sleep第15篇 轨道航天飞机 Orbital Space Plane第16篇 撒哈拉沙漠 The Sahara以下为B 级第17篇 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第18篇 美国教育的目标 Goal of American Education第19篇 家庭 The Family第20篇 讲述可怕的过去 Tales of the Terrible Past第21 动物间的间隔距离 Spacing in Animals第22篇 我们所知道的关于语言的一些事情 Some Things We Know about Language第23篇 只好向上 The Only Way Is Up第24篇 克隆农场 Clone Farm第25篇 收入 Income第26篇 看许久以前的世界 Seeing the World Centuries Ago第27篇 服务业的重要性 Importance of Services第28篇 国家公园的服务机构 The National Park Service第29篇 发现自己变胖了?这得责怪朋友们 Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends 第30篇 “幸运的”鲁肯伯爵-是死是活 “Lucky ” Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead第31篇 泳池监护 Pool Watch第32篇 柴罗基部落 The Cherokee Nation第33篇 老妇人 Oseola McCarty以下为A 级第34篇 逃亡 To Have and Have Not 第35篇 选择自己的路 Going Her Own Way 第36篇 一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 第37篇 非州的流行音乐 Pop Music in Africa 第38篇 为什么有这么多的孩子 Why So Many Children 第39篇 为了活着吃饭 Eat to Live 第40篇 美国疾病防治新政策 New US Plan for Disease prevention 第41篇 国际航空公司的经营 The Operation of International Airlines 第42篇 桑 拿 浴 Sauna 第43篇 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? 第44篇 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人 Americans Get Touchy 第45篇 女性在迷你裙上逗留的时 Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer 第46篇 捍卫进化论仍必要 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 第47篇 九死一生 rrow Escape 第48篇 苏格兰启蒙运动 Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 第49篇 美洲文学的开端 The Beginning of American Literature 第五十篇 远古火山喷发 Older Volcanic Eruptions第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。
2014年职称英语综合类新增ABC级文章及答案详解第二部分阅读判断第九篇What Is a Dream?（B级）For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person‟s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person‟s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2was once a student of Freud‟s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person‟s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men‟s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women‟s dreams.3Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn‟t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It‟s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist / saɪ' kɔlədʒɪst / n．心理学家psychiatrist /sai' kaiətrɪst/ n．精神病学家(医生)Austrian / ' ɔstrɪən / adj．奥地利的gender / ' dʒendə / n．性别注释：1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年职称英语考试试题：综合类阅读理解练习题（36）More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia."Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages2，" said Patricia Grady，acting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland."This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause4 of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone5. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation8. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.10词汇：neurological adj.神经病学的dementia n.痴呆deterioration n.恶化，退化devastating adj.破坏性极大的，毁灭性的defect n.缺损，毛病physiological adj.生理的; 生理学的potassium n.钟formation n.形成，组成calcium n.考丐microscopi adj.极小的，微小的signature n. 标志，署名，签名，签字validity n.效力，有效(性)练习：1.The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors toA cure those with Alzheimer's disease.B discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease.C predict who might get Alzheimer's disease.D find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease.2.The passage indicates that Alzheimer's is a diseaseA common to people，old and young.B not costly to be cured.C easy to be handled.D not easy to be diagnosed.3.Which of the following statements about the Alzheimer's disease is NOT true?A It was so named because Alois Alzheimer first described it.B It is the greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people.C It can gradually destroy memory and eventually cause death.D There are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now.4.What is the relationship between Alzheimer's and dementia?A Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer's.B Alzheimer's is one of the causes of dementia.C They are two completely different diseases.D They are similar defects of the human brain.5. The last paragraph implies that the diagnostic testA will not be as promising as others.B is a very important development.C may not be proven valid smoothly.D will surely be disappointing in the end.答案与题解：1.C 第一段中谈到试验的最终目的在于 ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder,所以只有 C 项符合题意。
Lifeas a Movie ExtraOrdinary people have always been attracted to theworld of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is tobecome a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras, you may not havepaid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurantwhile the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at thewedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while“the bad guy" is being chased by the police. Extras don‟t normall y speakany lines, but they help make the scenes look real1.Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun.You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But don‟t forget that beingan extra is really a job, and it‟s mostly about doing nothing. First-timeextras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In afinished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a wholeday to shoot a scene that appears for just a few minutes on the screen.The main requirement for being an extra is theability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m.，and then you wait until thedirector is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there maybe technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the director says “action”and you do the first “take”，you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with thescene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again. Youcould be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or coldweather.2 You may not be finished until 11 p. m. or midnight. Thepay isn‟t good, either — often only a little bit above minimum wage. And youmust pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent.So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite ofthe long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some peopletruly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionshipof their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow themto be available.3They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retiredpeople, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will helpthem get real acting jobs, but it doesn‟t happen often. Most people in themovie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extrasare not usually considered for large parts.The next time you see a movie，don’t just watch the stars. Take acloser look at the people in the background, and ask yourself : Who are they?Why are they there? What else do they do in life? Maybe there is someone in thecrowd who is just like you.词汇：movieextra群众演员chase/ tʃeis /v．追捕shoot/ʃu:t/ vt．拍摄action/ ˈækʃən / n．(导演指令）开拍commission/ kəˈmiʃən / n．佣金注释：1．Extras don’t normally speak anylines, but they help make the scenes look real.：虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更加逼真。
2．You could be on the set for hours，sometimes waiting outdoors in veryhot or cold weather.：在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。
on the set：在拍摄现场。
3．Most of them have flexibleschedules, which allow them to be available.：这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。
练习：1．What is true about movie extras?A)Only agents get them jobs inmovies.B)They often have to wait around onmovie sets and do nothing.C)It’s a good way to get a realacting job.D)They can have drinks in arestaurant.2．What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job?A)It can take hours to do a scenethat is only a few minutes long in the movie.B)They always do the same scene manytimes.C)The actors are interested intalking to them.D)The action moves very quickly.3．Why do most people work as movie extras?A)They like meeting famous moviestars.B)They think they will becomefamous.C)They want to be on a movie set.D)They will get real acting jobs.4．What are the job requirements for being a movie extra?A)You have to have a part-time job.B)You must be attractive.C)You must be willing to repeat ascene many times.D)You must start working very early.5．It can be inferred from the passagethat.A)being a movie extra can be boringB)movie extras need actingexperienceC)movie extras can play larger partsD)movie actors are quite differentfrom actors答案与题解：1．B本文的第三段详细叙述了群众演员的主要工作要求是在拍摄现场等，不用做事，所以答案为B；第一段中描述了群众演员的工作；他们是演员的陪衬，不用讲话。
虽然提到他们是在餐馆里，但并没有提是否可以喝饮料，所以D可以排除；A中的only —词太笼统，所以A不对；从第四段可以看出，从群众演员到演员的转型是相当困难的，所以C也不对。
2．A第二段中说明了令初做群众演员感到吃惊的是：拍一个场景需要一整天，而播放时只有几分钟。
虽然B、D都有所提及，但不是令他们吃惊的事情。
