现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
（一）分词的作用
·现在分词可用于：
·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.
·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.
·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.
·I saw many birds flying along the river.
·The story is very moving.
·过去分词可用于：
·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.
·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.
·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.
·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. a boy named Tom
·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.
·I’m interested in English.
（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。
（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤
（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分
（2）找准逻辑主语
（3）判断主、被动关系
（4）选定现在或过去分词
1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be playing
3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
（四）分词作表语
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The news sounds ____.
A. encouraging
B. encouraged
C. encourage
D. to encourage
2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?
—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.
A. pleasing
B. please
C. pleased
D. to please
3. —How did the audience receive the new play?
—They got very ____.
A . excite
B . excited
C . excitedly
D . exciting
（五）分词作宾语补足语
共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
2. —Good morning. Can I help you?
—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.
A. understand
B. understanding
C. understood
D. understands
4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.
A. moved
B. moving
C. moves
D. to move
（六）分词作状语
共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
4．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. Tied
过去分词和现在分词专项练习
I. 单项选择（75%）
1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. Being seen
2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.
A. fix
B. fixing
C. fixed
D. to fix
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure
B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure
D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.
A. Passed, buying
B. Passing, to buy
C. Having passed, buy
D. Pass, to buy
5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Having compared
6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.
A. designing
B. design
C. designed
D. to design
7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save
B. Saving
C. Saved
D. Having saved
8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.
A. following
B. to be following
C. followed
D. having followed
9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. lost
D. has lost
10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.
A. being heard
B. hearing
C. heard
D. hear
11. The result of the test was rather _____.
A. disappointed
B. disappointing
C. being disappointed
D. disappoint
12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.
A. use
B. used
C. using
D. being used
13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know
B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not
D. Not known
14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving
B. moved
C. moving
D. to be moved
15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. coming
16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown
B. Showing
C. Has shown
D. Having been shown
17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.
A. follow
B. following
C. followed
D. being followed
19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce
B. reducing
C. reduced
D. reduces
20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live
B. to live
C. lived
D. living
21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.
A. understand
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. understood
22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.
A. settle
B. settled
C. to settle
D. settling
23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.
A. busily prepared
B. busy preparing
C. busily prepare
D. are busily preparing
24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.
A. covering, falling
B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen
D. covering, fallen
25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn
B. learn
C. learned
D. learning
26. The wallet ____several days ago was found ____in the dustbin outside the building。
A. stolen, hidden
B. stealing, hiding
C. stealing, hidden
D. stolen, hiding
27. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget
B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting
D. learning, forgetting
28. ___different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce
B. Being produced
C. Produced
D. Having produced
29. The students in the university are all taking courses ___a degree.
A. coming to
B. going to
C. leading to
D. turning to
30. Many things _____impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider
B. considering
C. considered
D. be considered
31. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He having been told
D. Telling
32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons.
A. to support
B. supporting
C. supported by
D. having supported
33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres.
A. to cover
B. covered
C. covers
D. covering
34. ____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
36. “Can you read?” Mary said ____to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
37. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing
B. Having written
C. Written
D. Being written
38. Were you ____when you saw that wild animal ?
A. fright
B. frightening
C. frightened
D. frighten
39. Properly _____with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked
B. mark
C. to mark
D. marking
40. The child sat in the dentist’s chair ____.
A. tremble
B. trembling
C. trembled
D. to trembled
41. At this moment the bell rang, _____the end of class.
A. announce
B. announcing
C. announced
D. to announce
42. He walked down the hills, ____softly to himself.
A. sing
B. singing
C. sung
D. to sing
43. I had to shout to make myself _____ above the noise.
A. heard
B. hearing
C. hear
D. to hear
44. The graduating students are busy ___material for their reports.
A. collect
B. to collect
C. collected
D. collecting
45. The cars ____in Beijing are as good as those ____in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce
B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing
D. producing, producing
46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____a patient.
A. examine
B. examining
C. to examine
D. examined
47. ____a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
A. Having been given
B. Having given
C. Giving
D. Being given
48. ____a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given
B. Having given
C. Giving
D. Being given
49. He wrote a letter to me _____that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.
A. inform
B. informing
C. informed
D. being informed
50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself ____about what’s going on in the world.
A. inform
B. informing
C. informed
D. being informed
II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空(25%)
1. She caught the student _______ (cheat) in exams.
2. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools.
3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _______. (repair)
4. Just then he heard someone _______ (call) for help.
5. He worked so hard that he got his pay ______. (raise)
6. The missing boys were last seen _______(play) near the river.
7. ___________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
8. The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.
10. _______(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
练习8 分词 （） 1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go. A. Having compared B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare （） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ . A. playing, exciting B. played, excited C. playing, excited D. played, exciting （） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Warn （） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English. A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-speaking, understood （）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold. A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch （） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer （）7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary. A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Don’t know D. Not knowing （）8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book. A. read B. to read C. reading D. be reading （）9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill. A. heard B. having been heard C. having phoned D. having been phoned
语法填空专项训练 1 Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken.
高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
大学英语语法专项练习题 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three months. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _____ what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We ________our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 4. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they________ better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I ______my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D. do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ________. A. finish what I did B. finished what I did C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing 7. He _________when the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt himself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurting himself 8. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all those old houses _______down. A. will have been pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulling D. will be pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt ________the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbing up B. while we were climbing up C. while we climbed up D. while he climbed up 10. Pick me up at 8 o'clock. I _______ my bath by then. A. may have B. will be having C. can have had D. will have had 11. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people________. A. will object B. objected C. must object D. have objected 12. By the end of this month, we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem A. have found B. will be finding C. are finding D. will have found 13. We __________to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hope B. hope C. had hoped D. should hope 14. The gray building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts______ A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced 15. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television __________the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced 16. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been rising 17. Until then, his family___________ from him for six months. A. didn't hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
全国语法填空 两种题型三个思路 虚词考点：一般考点为冠词、介词、连词 纯空格语法填空（共 3 小 题） 词法考点：主要考查名词、代词、数词、形容词和副词等， 解题思路一般是“词类转换”或“适当形式”。 单词的适当形式填空（共 7 小题，每空不超过 3 个 句法考点：主要考查名词单复数形式、形容词（副词）比较 单词） 等级、动词时态语态、非谓语形式等。 题型解读：几种题型？ 1.无提示词，共小题。一般考点为、、、 等虚词。 2.单词的适当形式填空（共小题，每空不超过个单词）。 主要考查名词形式、形容词和副词的、 动词的、和等。 无提示词（三空） 1.Tom is 18-year-old boy. 2.Teachers are very friendly us. 3.We had to put off the sports meeting it rained heavily. 4.My sister is good at English, she is weak in math. 5.Jim works hard, he gets good grades. 无提示词（三空 1、名词前一般用（特别注意元音音素开头的名词）或。 2、并例的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空，一般填入连词，表并例用，表选择用，表转折用，表原因用，表结果用 3.介词固定搭配需牢记。 二、提示词为动词： 1.Mary (read) the book since three o’clock. 2.The room (clean) yesterday. 3.They went to the country (have) a picnic. 4. (eat) more vegetables is good for our health. 5.Jim practices (run) every day. 6.We need something (drink). 7.It ’s important for us (learn) English well. 8.My mother made me (do) the dishes last night. 9.I saw him (watch) TV when I came into the room. 10.I was (surprise) when I heard the news. 11.Most people like (interest) stories. 12.They jumped up and down in (excite
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
英语语法填空练习题及答案 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to ________(welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year's Eve is a ________(nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses________(pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year's Eve party, ________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances________ loud music. I have lots of good ________(memory) of New Year's Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year's Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ________(bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year's Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition________(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year's Eve is always ________exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ________(be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world's cities. 【答案】 welcoming；national；are packed；which；to；memories；bitterly；to visit；an；is 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻，因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。look forward to固定短语，“期待”，to是介词，后面接动名词，所以填welcoming。（2）考查形容词。句意：对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。该空修饰名词holiday，用形容词，所以填national。 （3）考查时态语态。句意：在很多国家，人们会回老家过年，所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。描述经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时。"火车和公共汽车"与"挤满"之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填are packed。 （4）考查定语从句。句意：在英国，人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会，邀请朋友、家人和邻居。_________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors.是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a New Year's Eve party，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。 （5）考查介词。句意：客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅，每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to固定短语，“随着……起舞”，故填to。 （6）考查名词。句意：我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。"美好的回忆"是复数意义，用名词复数，故填memories。 （7）考查副词。句意：天下着雪，冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold，用副词，故填bitterly。（8）考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置，故填to visit。 （9）考查冠词。句意：我想无论你在哪里，除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指"一个令
第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
小学生语法专项练习题 名词练习 一.写出下列单数名词的复数形式 1.orange_______________ 2.box__________ 3.woman____________ 4.tomato________ 5.bus_______ 6.boy________ 7.baby _______ 8.watch_______ 9.photo________ 10.class_______ 11.foot________12.house________13.pen_______ 14.car________ 15.horse________ 16.radio_______ 17.dish________18.child________ 答案：1 oranges 2. Boxes 3. women 4. tomatoes 5.buses 6. boys 7babies 8.watches 9. Photos 10 classes 11. feet 12 houses 13 pens 14 cars 15 horses 16. radios 17 dishes 18 children 二.将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式 1.doctors_________ 2.cities_______ 3.pianos__________ 4..ears________ 5.churches_______ 6.leaves_________ 7.teeth________ 8.zoos____ 9.brushes ________ 10.knives__________11.men _________12.pears _________ 答案1. doctor 2 city 3 piano 4. ear 5. church 6. leaf 7 tooth 8zoo 9brush 10 knife 11.man 12 pear 三.请从括号里选出正确的答案 1. Please give me__（two /two cups of ）coffee. 2. There are a lot of___(sheep /sheeps ) on the farm. 3. I’d like some__ (bread / breads ) and___ (potato /potatoes). 4. Look! There is a ___(mouse /mice) in the corner. 5. He bought_____(a piece of /a piece ) paper. 6. “Where is___ (Woman’s / Women’s) Room?” asked Susan. 7. ____ (The girl’s/The girls’ ) hobby is drawing. 8. Aunt Lucy sent_____ (a child’s /a children’s ) book to me. 红色为答案 冠词练习
三、分词的否定式 分词或分词短语表示否定意义时，将not置于分词之前，不能放在分词之后。 例句： Equipment not conforming to official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. (2001年第24题) 分析：该句是简单句。not conforming to official safety standards是分词短语作后置定语修饰equipment。 译文：凡是不符合官方安全标准的设备都已经搬出了车间。 例句： Not having been destroyed by the heavy snow， our houses at last were kept perfect during last winter. 分析：该句是简单句。 Not having been destroyed by...在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because our houses had not been destroyed by...。 译文：由于没有遭到大雪的破坏，去年冬天我们的房子最终完好无损。 四、独立主格结构(Absolute Construction) 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致，即句子的主语便是它的逻辑主语，否则就会出现悬垂或荡空结构(前面已讲过)，但有时分词有其独立的逻辑主语，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，这就是独立主格结构。 (一)独立主格结构公式 逻辑主语A+分词(短语)+主B谓 在上述公式中，其中(逻辑主语+分词短语)属于独立主格结构，主谓是一完整句子，两者位置可以相互调换，A、B两主语不一致(A、B由名词或代词充当，有时也可在逻辑主语A 前加上介词with或without)，如前面所述例句。 例句： All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm， we decided to take the train. 分析： All flights...the snowstorm是独立主格结构部分， we decided...为一完整句子， all flights和we所指不一样，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。另外，公式中分词短语也可用不定式、形容词等来代替。 (二)独立主格结构具体构成 1. 逻辑主语+分词(现在分词或过去分词)
高考语法填空专题训练 一 Once there lived a rich man31wanted to do something for the people of his town.32first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed33very large stone. Then he34(hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.35man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them plained about the stone but not tried to remove36. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone,37(say) to himself: “The night38(be) very dark. Some neighbors will e along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his39(strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last!40the stone, he found a bag of money. 31. who32.But33. a34. hid35. Another 36. it 37. saying 38. will be 39. strength40. Under 二 The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as__31_investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the32_(late)