情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词没有人和数的变化，后面加动词原形，没有不定式，分词或动名词的形式。
英语中主要的情态动词有：can, may, must, shall, will, dare, need等。
情态动词的用法和要点：
can 和could的用法
can 和could都表示能力或客观可能性，还可表示请求或允许。
Can you work out this math problem on your own? （能力）
Water can be changed into ice.（客观可能性）
Can I go now? (Could I go now? 这里could 用在疑问句中，表示语气委婉，并不表示过去式，回答应用Yes, you can.) (表示请求)
can表示能力时，可以用be able to代替，但当我们要表示“某事已成功”时，应用 was(were) able to (相当于manage to do 或succeed in doing) 而不能用could。此外，be able to 可以用于各种时态。
He can/is able to enter for the English contest. .(能力)
They will be able to tell you the news soon.（将来时态）
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
情态动词can, could用在否定、疑问句中表示推测，怀疑或惊讶。
He couldn’t be a wealthy man.(推测)
You can’t be hungry so soon, Tom. You have just had lunch.（怀疑）
How can that be! （惊讶）
may和might的用法
may 和might都表示允许或请求。在语气上 might比 may委婉。此时 may的否定式是mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。can 也可以表示允许，多用于口语，语气比较随便。在句型May/Might…?中，表示征求对方许可，在文体上比较正式，在语气上较为客气。在日常生活中常用Can I…?征求对方意见更为常见。
You may (can) ring us up any time during office hours.
Can/ May (Might) I have your name?—Of course, you may/can.
May I take the magazine out of the reading-room?—No, you mustn’t.
Could I leave for a while?
表示可能、推测（一般不用于疑问句中）。此时may的否定式是may not（可
能不），can’t表示不可能。might表示推测时，如指现在的情况，只是表示可能性比may 小，并不表示过去。may放在句首，表示祝愿。
Don’t disturb him. He may (might) get angry.
She may not go to the concert tonight.
Our teacher said that he might test us on grammar the next day.
May God bless you!
must 和have to 的用法
两词都是“必须”的意思，must表示说话人主观上的看法，have to表示客观
的需要。must的否定式，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。mustn’t (禁止，不许)是may的否定式。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard.（主观上要做这件事）
Must we hand in our exercise books today?
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t ./ No, you don’t have to.)
You mustn’t waste our time.
must只有一种形式——现在式，而have to有人称、数、时态的变化，但must
可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
Everyone must obey the traffic rules when driving in the city.
They have to empty the house because a couple will soon move in.
I am afraid you will have to wait a while.
He told us we must all be ready by nine.
must表示推测。must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，比may肯定得多，意为“一定”或“准是”。must表示对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，后面通常用动词的进行式。否定式则用can’t来表示。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
Grandpa Liu must be over eighty years old.
You ate a big cake half an hour ago. You can’t be hungry now.
He must be working in his office.
She can’t be waiting for us at the bus stop because I saw her in the room just now.
will和would的用法
用于各种人称，表示“意志”、“意愿”和“决心”。
Who will take the difficult job? I will.(愿意)
They would walk home though it was raining heavily.（意志）
I have advised her not to give up the plan, but she will.（决心）
用于第二人称疑问句中，Will you…?或Would you like…?句型中，表示征求
对方意见或请求、建议。would较will语气婉转。
Will you be so kind as to open the door for me?
Would you like to have a drink with me? —Yes, of course.
Would you mind showing me the way to the hospital?
表示一种习惯性动作或状态，will表示“总是”，would表示“过去总是”。
Water will boil at 100 degree Centigrade.
We would play jokes on each other when we were in the countryside.
He would come to see us during his stay in Beijing.
shall 和should的用法
shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或对方请示。
Shall I put the table near the door? —Please don’t.
Shall he fetch the magazine for you? —No, thanks.
What shall they do this evening?
shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允许或威胁。
Please tell him that he shall have the book as soon as I have finished it.(允诺) You shall do the job, whether you like it or not.（命令）
You shall get into trouble if you don’t follow my advice.（警告）
He shall be punished if he keeps on stealing like that.（威胁）
should作为情态动词，并不一定表示过去时态。它通常表示“劝告；建议”，常译作“应该”，同义词组时ought to，但其语气不如should强。
We should listen to the teacher s’ advice and study hard.
You shouldn’t leave so early this morning.
命题热点：情态动词的基本用法辨析，
情态动词表示态度的用法辨析，
情态动词表示推测的用法辨析，
情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。
考查形式：主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。
倒装句
倒装：将某些句子成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语词序的颠倒，称为倒装（Inversion）。倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。
完全倒装结构：提前成分+谓语动词+主语
部分倒装结构：提前成分+情态动词/助动词+主语+（主要动词）
完全倒装
1. Here, there 放在句首，谓语动词一般为，be，come, go
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here comes the bus.
但当主语为人称代词时不引起倒装。
e.g. Here we are.
2. 表示位置转移的副词如 up, down, in, out, away, ahead 在句首。
e.g. Up went the rocket.
Away went the boy.
但当主语为人称代词时不引起倒装。
e.g. Away they went.
3. 句首状语为表示地点的介词词组。
e.g. In the centre of the square stands a high monument.
On the mountain lies a temple.
4. 分词结构位于句首。
e.g. Seated on the grass are a group of students.
Lying about on the floor are books and magazines.
部分倒装
1. 句首有含有否定意义的副词如: never, little, seldom, rarely, not, hardly.
e.g. Little does he care for dress.
Hardly any sound could we hear.
Not a single mistake did he make in the test.
Not until then did he know the truth.
2. 在so…that 的结果状语从句中，so 位于句首。
e.g. So hot was the weather that we couldn’t sleep indoors.
So loudly did he shout that all the people in the room got a fright.
Such ...that...
Such was the disaster that no one could escape.
3. so, neither, nor 做替代词指代上文情况。
e.g. Tim bought a nice bycicle.
So did Liz.
I have no money with me.
Nor/Neither have I.
so表示对上文情况的肯定，“确实如此”，不用倒装。
e.g. He can speak good Chinese.
So he can.
4. only+状语在句首
e.g. Only in this way can we succeed
Only in my house do they feel at home.
Only then did he learn about the truth.
only 修饰主语不引起倒装。
e.g. Only Miller has got the invitation.
5. not only… but also…当not only位于句首时 not only 部分引起部分倒装， but also
部分不引起倒装。
e.g. Not only could he type but also he could operate the computer.
not only…but also…连接并列主句不引起倒装。
e.g. Not only the children but also the grown-ups took interest in the cartoon.
注意: 让步状语从句中的as 倒装结构。
e.g. Hard as he tried = Although he tried hard.
Boy as he is = Although he is a boy.
虚拟语气倒装
If I were you = Were I you
If I had known the truth = Had I known the truth
If I should meet him tomorrow = Should I meet him tomorrow
分词的时态和语态
1形式：
分词可分现在分词和过去分词，但按时间和语态又可分为以下五种，各表示不同的意思：
分词的否定式：在分词前加not. Not doing/ Not having done…
2. 作用：
1)作定语：
The lady carrying a suitcase is Ms Wang.
The girl dressed in white is my sister.
The lady who is carrying
The girl who is dressed
2)作状语；
Cooking dinner, I heard the door bell ring. （时间状语）
Feeling tired, he went to bed early. （原因状语）
Heated, water can be changed into vapour. ( 条件状语)
The film star walked out of the hall, followed by a group of journalist.（伴随状语）
When I was cooking dinner
Because he felt tired
If water is heated
and he was followed by a group of journalist
3)作表语：
The story is touching.
The window is broken.
4)作宾语补足语：
I found a man sitting in his car.
补充说明正坐在汽车里面
He had the car mended.
汽车是被修，所以用被动
注意：
1) 现在分词作定语与被修饰词成主谓关系；过去分词作定语与被修饰词成动宾关系，都可改写成定语从句，而动名词作定语与被修饰词之间无此种关系，只能用for的介词短语改写。
e.g. The man selling the newspaper is gone.
?The man who sells the newspaper is gone.
The bridge built 100 years ago is still in very good condition.
?The bridge which was built 100 years ago is still in very good condition.
The washing machine is quite expensive.
?The machine for washing is quite expensive.
2) 表示“使……感到’种类动词时，常用现在分词描述事物，用过去分词表示人的感情。
e.g. the frightening look ( 令人可怕的相貌)；the excited people （激动的人群）
3) 分词作表语，起到形容词的作用，表示主语的特性，而动名词作表语起名词作用，代替主语，而动词不定式作表语则含有将来的意思。
Your job today is to go shopping.
4) 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致，它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，动宾关系用过去分词，如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成式。
e.g. Following instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield.
The man followed instructions, and guided the plane …
A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
… a cold rain was mixed with snow.
Having finished his homework, the boy watched TV.
After the boy had finished his homework, …
以下保留文字
5) 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用分词独立结构来表示。
e.g. Their work done, the workers left the construction field.
?After their work was done, the workers left the construction filed.
Weather permitting, we will go camping.
If weather permits, we will go camping.
6) 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思用定语从句。
e.g. The accident which happened yesterday is very serious.
7) 动词不定式与分词都可以作宾补
I have him polish the floor. ( 动词不定式作宾补表动作的全过程 )
She felt her heart beating fast. ( 现在分词作宾补强调主动，进行;)
You must make your voice heard ( 过去分词作宾补表示被动 )
名词性从句 (Noun Clause)
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
常用来引导名词性从句的连接代词有who, which和 what。
连接副词 when, where, how 和 why 以及连接词that, if 和 whether。
注意：
在用连接代词或连接副词引导的名词性从句中，主语和谓语应按陈述句的语序排列。
主从句的谓语动词的时态要保持一致。
I．主语从句：
1. What I need is a cup of coffee.
All that I need is a cup of coffee.
2.It is quite clear that he told a lie.
That he told a lie is quite clear. (that不能省略)
3.Whether he will come or not is not important. (句首不能用if)
4.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
(What, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句在意义上等于名词加上定语从句。)
II.宾语从句：
1. We really appreciate what you have done for us.
2. Are you sure that he will come?
3. The difficulty lies in (the fact) that we can not speak French.
4. 在动词 make, think, consider, feel, find 等之后用动词+ it + 形容词+ 宾语从句。
They find it hard that they should finish this job within two hours.
5. 在think, expect, suppose, believe, guess等引导的宾语从句中否定词一般要前移。
I don't think he will win the game.
III. 表语从句：
1. My request is that we should be given another chance.
2. It looks as if it is going to snow.
IV. 同位语从句；
1. The news that there will be a flood is true.
定语从句和同位语从句的区别：
定语从句的that 在从句中担任成分；同位语从句的that不担任成分。
同位语从句不能用which, if引导。
同位语从句通常在一些抽象名词的后面，如：idea, news, fact ,suggestion, hope, wish 等词后面。除了that，同位语从句还可用其他连词引导。
注意要点：
that 引导主语从句常见句型：
1. It + be + adj. + that 从句（常见形容词 clear, obvious, likely, true, probable, possible, certain …; 当形容词为surprising, strange, natural, necessary, essential, important…时，需用虚拟语气 should + 动词原型）
2. It + be + n. + that 从句 (常见名词 a pity, belief, common knowledge, a fact, a shame, a surprise, no wonder…)
3. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句（常见过去分词 said, believed, reported, hoped, estim ated, announced, known…,句型 it be suggested that 后需虚拟）
4. It + 不及物动词 + that 从句（常见不及物动词 seem, happen, appear, turn out ）
知识点拨：定语从句（Relative Clause）
Relative Clause 1
Relative Pronouns: who, whom, that, which, whose
关系代词引导定语从句的特性：
1. 关系代词在从句中通常作主语或宾语。
This is the man who helped me.
The book which you are looking for has been lent to my roommate.
2. That的先行词既可是人，也可是物。
This is the man that helped me.
The building that stands near the river is our school.
3. Whose 表示先行词和whose之后的名词之间的所有格关系。
Do you know the man whose notebook is left here?
Relative Clause 2
Relative Adverbs: when, where, why
关系副词引导定语从句的特性：
1.关系副词有when, where, why, 可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词。在从
句中作状语。
This is the city where I lived two years ago.
Do you know the day when I became a league member?
That is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting.
2.关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词
（in/on/at/for）+ which”结构交替使用。
There are no occasions when (on which) we shall give in.
Hang Zhou is the place where (in which) I was born.
Have you learned the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
Relative Clause 3
The Non-restrictive Relative Clause
定语从句有限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。
非限定性定语从句的特征：
1.非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
2.非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
Have you seen the film “Who am I” , whose leading actor is Jackie Chan？
I bought a vase, the price of which is very reasonable.
3. 关系代词that不能引导非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句中作宾语、表语的关系
代词不可以省略。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
4. Which引导的非限定性定语从句还能指代整个主句，相当于and this 或and that。
He didn’t keep his promise, which we were unhappy about.
知识点拨：状语从句 Adverbial Clause
状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步从句。
要点：
?引导时间状语从句的连词 when, while , as
When /While/As he was in Japan, he picked up some Japanese.从句的谓语是持续性动词，三者可以互换。
When还可表示某事突然发生。
I was walking along the street when someone shouted "Help! Help!".
As 之后不能用分词作状语。
As 还可用于表示两个动作几乎同时进行。
As I looked up, I noticed him looking at me.
引导时间状语从句的连词after，before
It won't be long before we graduate from high school.
After he graduated from Yale University, he worked in a big company.
引导时间状语从句的连词since, ever since （ ever强调since ）
It is three years since her son had a chance to go back home from Canada.
Great chances have taken place in Shanghai since I visited Shanghai last time.
引导时间状语从句的连词Until/till
Mary didn't tell us the truth until she left Shanghai.
→ It was not until she left Shanghai that Mary told us the truth.
→ Not until Mary left Shanghai did she tell us the truth.
引导时间状语从句的连词as soon as, once, the moment, no sooner…than, hardly…when As soon as he saw the fire, he rushed into the room.
→ On seeing…
The moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.
Once I see him, I will tell him the news.
I had no sooner entered the room than the telephone rang.
(No sooner had I entered the room than the telephone rang.
?引导原因状语从句的连词because, since, now that, as
Since you don't want to cook, let's have dinner outside.
Now that everything is on the right track, you don't have to worry about it any longer.
?引导条件状语从句的连词if, even if/ though, unless, in case, suppose, as long
as, on condition that, if only…
注意真实和非真实情况混杂的句子
常见的如下：
If you didn't help us, we would not have succeeded.
(But for your help, we would not have succeed.
引导地点状语从句的连词where, wherever…
I will go wherever you go.(你到哪里我就去哪里)
Where there is a will, there is a way!(有志者事竟成)
引导目的、结果状语从句的连词so…that, such…that, so that, in order that
?引导让步状语从句的连词though, although, as （虽然，尽管）
Although he is young , he is very courageous .
( Although/though 都不能和but 连用 )
?引导比较状语从句的连词as…as, not so/as …as, more…than, less than…
比较的对象要平衡；
比较级前常用表示程度的副词 still, far, much, a great deal, three time, a bit, rather, slightly, two…
?方式状语从句的连词 as if/ as though
注意从句虚拟和陈述语气的使用。
It seems as if it will rain.
He acted as if he had known nothing about it.
注意：
however, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever等在状语从句中等同于no matter how, no matter what/who/where/when，但在名词性从句中不能等同。
Whoever wants this job should have an interview first.
=/= No matter who wants this job should have an interview first.
== Anyone who wants this job should have an interview first.
However difficult it is, he doesn't give up.
== No matter how difficult it is, he doesn't give up.
高中英语语法重点难点回顾 ?主谓一致常考难题： Five minuｔes iｓ enougｈｔo do this exerｃise．?Ｅａch boy anｄ each girl ｗants to servｅｔｈe people ｉn fuｔuｒe.?More thａn one stｕｄｅnt haｓ se ｅn ｔhe film. ?Mａny a ship has been daｍageｄ in tｈｅ stoｒm.?More members than ｏnｅａre against yoｕr ｐlaｎ.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：gｌasseｓ, cｌoｔheｓ, troｕｓers，ｓhoes, comｐasse ｓ， chｏpsticks, ｓciｓsors等。 但如果主语用a kｉnd oｆ, ａｐaiｒ oｆ， a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A ｐair ｏｆ sｈoes was on tｈe desk． 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时ａnd 后面的名词没有冠词。例如： Trutｈａnd hｏnｅsty is tｈｅ best poliｃy.?The girl’ｓteacｈer ａnd fri ｅｎｄ iｓ a ｙoｕnｇ doctor. To lovｅ and tｏｂｅｌｏveｄ is thｅ gｒeat hａｐpiness.?Goinｇｔo ｂeｄe ａrlｙａnd getｔｉng ｕp earlｙｉｓ a gooｄｈａｂit．?A knifｅanｄf ｏrk ｉs oｎｔｈｅtablｅ. 当主语后面跟有ａs wｅlｌａs, aｓｍuch ａｓ , no ｌess than, alonｇwith， w ｉｔｈ，ｌike, rａthｅr than, ｔogetheｒ witｈ, but, eｘceｐt, ｂesｉdes，ｉｎcｌuding, ｉn ａddiｔion ｔo等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The ｔeaｃheｒａs wｅll as ｔｈe studeｎts ｗas exciｔed.?Tｈe room with its furnitｕｒe was reｎtｅd.?Ａ (grｅａt）ｎumber ｏf修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a gｒeat deal of,a largｅａmount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 关系代词wｈｏ, that, ｗhicｈ等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Ｔhｏse whｏ want ｔo go pｌease sign youｒ namｅs here. Somｅ oｆ the eｎｅｒgｙ thａt ｉs used by man cｏmｅs fｒom thｅｓun． 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a）hａlf 1/4 one(ａ）ｑuarter 词。? 形容词的顺序: 系动词be，grow，get，becoｍｅ，fｅel，appear,provｅ,ｓeｅm,look,ｋeep，smell，t ａste,soｕnd,ｔurn,remaｉn限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Tｈoｓe tｈree beautiｆul laｒｇe squ ａｒe oｌd bｒｏwn wooｄtaｂｌe?某些以a－开首的形容词例如:ａｆraｉｄ,ａliｋe，alone，asｌｅeｐ，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。 某些以－ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：fｒiｅｎdｌy，liｖｅlｙ, loveｌy，lｏnely，likely,dｅadｌy,siｌｌｙ，orderlｙ, ｔimely等。?1）close接近地 clｏseｌy仔细地,密切地?2）ｆｒeｅ免费地ｆreｅly自由地,无拘束地 3)harｄ努力地 hardlｙ几乎不 4)lａte 晚，迟lately 近来?5)most 极，非常ｍostｌy主要地?6）widｅ广阔地，充分地 wideｌy广泛地?７)ｈiｇｈ高 hｉghｌy高度地,非常地 ８)deｅp深,迟 deeｐｌy抽象意义的“深”
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以―元音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
2017上海高考英语一模语法填空汇总
2017年高三英语一模汇编——语法新题型 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A My life on an Island we live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _______(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) ________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _________the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island. We were on our way back (24) _________ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now,
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
高一英语知识点 重点词组：1. hunt for = look for寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。 hunt for a job 找工作 2. fond of “喜爱，爱好”接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如： He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。 3. care about 1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣= care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。 2）关心= care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。 3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分） These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。 4. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to 则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如: He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。 5. drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信 6. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。 She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。 7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束 （1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。 8、come about 引起；发生；产生 （1）How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？ （2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 9、stay up 不睡；熬夜 （1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。 （2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。 10、end up with 以……告终；以……结束 （1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。 11、except for 除……之外 （1）except 与except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。 ②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。 （2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。 ②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。 （3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
English Non-infinitives Class:todo/doing and done/doing 特征：不担任谓语动词/不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化/具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语或状语构成短语 Noun Sub To say is one thing and to do is another. obj He offered to help us. adj pre His great wish is to become a docter and save others?lives. Obj. Many people suppose him to be dead. 定语I have a lot of work to do. 副词状语To see better,he stood up. He reached the station only to find the train had left. 时态和语态 形式主动语态被动语态 一般式To do To be done 进行式To be doing / 完成式To have done To have been done 完成进行式To have been doing / To be doing:seem/appear/pretend to be doing But:demond/hope/suggest*sb not to do sth(#) For example: What I like to do now is (to) have a good sleep.(*) Object A:v+to do:long want expect hope wish desire refuse agree pretend promise aim choose decide claim demand learn manage try afford happen fail seem appear intend decline reject V+wh-cl+to do:know decide learn remember see understand explain ask find out wonder think 动词+间接宾语+疑问词+to do:show teach advise tell inform(consider(only)sb/sth to do/as/how to do /that-cl find/think/consider/make/feel/suppose +it+adj/n+to do+n *prep.but except +to do 若上文含有do或出现can can?t could couldn?t,don?t add “do”envy ,order ,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate.etc+ that-cl 定语 I have something to say. I?ve bought a motorcycle to go to work on. There?s nothing for us to worry about. *place time way +to do （可以省略） that?s a nice place to live (in). I?m afraid there is no time to play now. He is the right person to do the job. Next,only,not a :mary is always the last to arrive at the office. 省略to:had better/had best/would rather/would rather…than/would sooner/would
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
高中英语知识点扫描大全最新 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1.The factory was built in a secret place, around high mountains. A.which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A 或B，将A、B 中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1)Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around some fruit shops. A.which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2)The murder happened in an old building, beside the city police station. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3.David is such a good boy all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that…，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C 的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4.The buses, most of were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1)His house, for (2)Ashdown forest, through he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A.that B. it C. them D. which
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法 填空 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用单词的适当形式完成短文 Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star 1．she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June. According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she2．(receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal3．the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes. Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she was 4．first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported. Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation 5．she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but 6．didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts. In a letter 7．(post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government. "As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, 8．led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests." "Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there 9．have been no Fan Bingbing," she added. Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign 10．(recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry. Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, 11．not rank very high. In fact, according to a new