人教版高中英语语法知识点分布一览表
高 考 ?学科教育? 二○ 一三年 八月 81 高中英语语法教学的重要性及策略 盐城市伍佑中学 宋 政 摘 要：本文从教师和学生的心理来分析问题，发现了现代英语教学过程中对待语法知识的一些误区，阐述了语法教学在高中英语教学中的重要性，然后根据自己的理解和经验总结出了一些关于英语语法教学的方法，这些方法更重要的是培养学生的自主学习能力。 关键词：高中英语；语法教学；有效性策略；自主学习； 一、英语语法教学的重要性 在高中英语教学的过程中，有很多老师不太在意语法的教学。在应试教育的背景下，只注重学生的听、说、读、写、译这五个方面，忽视了语法的重要性。了解语法，对于学习一门语言极其重要，它能够帮助我们更快更好的理解语言并运用语言。所以，在高中英语教学过程中，让学生熟练的掌握英语语法，十分必要。高中生学习英语已不是初次接触，所以早已没有开始学习的热情，随着英语的深度和难度的加大，当老师讲解语法知识时，会感到困惑，觉得英语学习碰到了瓶颈。尽管买了一大堆的资料，练习翻译、写作，却发现效果不明显。 英语学习是一个全面的过程，包括听、说、读、写、译和语法，语法更是其中最重要的一个方面。只有掌握了语法，才能更为深入和全面的了解英语，才能更为直观的了解作者想要表达的意思。通过老师在课堂上对英语书中知识的讲解，学生会对英语有一些了解，但这些并不足以让他们熟练的运用英语，这就需要用有效方法去学习语法，使得英语的学习更加规范和全面。教授学生英语语法知识，有助于提高学生的英语成绩，为日后学生的英语交流打下基础。因此，英语语法的教学不能忽略，老师要运用有效的、有策略的方法让学生系统的接受语法知识。 二、英语语法教学的策略 1、明确教学任务，分清重难点。 高中生所要接触的语法内容很多，比如各种从句、直接引语、间接引语和情态动词等，这些内容前后联系，复杂繁琐，需要老师从整体上系统具体的把握这些知识点，以便于教学过程中能够得心应手。同时，老师也要对自己学生的语法基础有大概的了解。再者，老师的教学过程要有重点，不能没有层次。要注意分析学生的作业和试卷，整理出学生易错的知识，并加上自己对语法的了解，然后在课堂上把整理出来的重点详细讲解，其他内容大概讲解，对于个别同学提出的问题要认真对待，确保每个学生都能理解这些语法知识。 2、把语法知识融入日常教学，并循环复习。 有些老师会仔细地把自己的教学任务分成好几部分，然后按照自己的安排决定每节课所要教的内容。我觉得这并不科学，任何一门语言都是整体的，不能够把它分成多少部分来教学，语法是贯穿整个语言之中的。在英语教学过程中，如果老师一下子把所有语法都交给学生，学生是无法接受的，他们的能力有限，如果一次性要学的东西很多，那就容易弄混、弄错，甚至什么都没记住。因此把语法只是融入日常的教学环节，是明智之举。艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线规律告诉我们，人们接受信息时是短时记忆，会遗忘，只有及时的复习才能变成长时记忆。循环复习知识点，有助于加深印象，在教学过程中，老师要有耐心，要不厌其烦的讲解同一个知识点。 3、理论联系实际，培养学生自主能力。 老师在教学过程中要注意理论与实际相联系，把语法结构用在平时的交流中,让学生在实际的语言中去感知、理解、 记忆,从而更有效地掌握语法。高尔基说过，书籍是人类进 步的阶梯。看书是人们获取知识的重要途径，但很多学生不知道该怎么看，老师可以推荐一些比较好的语法书给学生，让他们利用课余时间去看。重要的是要让他们学会自己发现问题、提出问题及解决问题，培养他们自主学习的能力，这时老师应该充当的是辅助学习的角色，《英语课程标准》中也指出要以学生为主体的思想。 4、多样教学，活跃课堂气氛。 理论上来说，学习应该是一个快乐的过程，但由于我国的特殊背景，高中的课堂一般都异常沉闷，不像国外，课上随意发言，老师和学生像朋友一样交流问题。而且由于我国高中生课程较多，英语不是唯一课程，课后用来学习英语的时间也不多，因此英语的运用能力得不到锻炼，语法知识就不会很好。在课堂上，老师可以为学生创造出一些情境，让他们自由发挥，提高交际能力，激发学生对英语的学习兴趣。老师一味的用枯燥的专业名词讲解语法势必会让学生感到无聊乏味，如果能增加教学的趣味，就能够带来意料之外的好结果。比如有些琐碎的知识点，一个个记很麻烦也不一定能够记住，这时可用顺口溜，语句简短，趣味性也不错，这就可以引起学生的兴趣，就容易记住那些本来不易记住的东西。同时，也可以推荐学生多看一些好的美剧和英语书籍，既可以放松心情也可以学习知识，一举两得。 5、结合对比归纳法。 英语语法复杂繁琐，有很多规则相似，但不易区分，尤其在运用时，学生很容易搞错。在教学过程中，老师除了要及时帮助学生改正错误，还要帮助他们发现规律，运用对比归纳法发现区别，加深印象。例如在学习名词性从句时，可以对比以下句子，分清各是什么从句： ①She dose not know when Marry will come back.②The question is when Marry will come back.③When Marry will come back is not known yet. ④They have no idea about when Marry will come back. 让学生仔细比较四个斜体的句子，尽管都是when Marry will come back 但由于位置不同，句子结构也不同，学生可以发现第一个宾语从句，第二个是表语从句，第三个是主语从句，第四个是同位语从句。然后老师将名词性从句的词序特征、四类连接词和关系代词的使用方法进行对比和归纳，让学生能全面了解名词性从句，从而达到让他们正确运用的目的。 总而言之，语法教学是一个长期而艰巨的过程。作为教师，应不断的学习，提高自身业务能力，可以针对不同的教学目标和内容，采用不同的教学方法。语法的教学过程不是一味地让学生接受知识，而是要让学生灵活运用知识。老师在教学过程中，要精心设计教学活动，并注意语法知识与其他英语知识的融合，使学生更好地理解所学知识。
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
O(∩_∩)O~人教版高一英语词组Unit1 1.argue about 争论….. 2. be fond of 喜欢….. 3. all the time 一直，始终 4. make fire 生火 5. develop a friendship建立友谊 6. care about 关心，担心 7. in order to 为了…… 8. hunt for 搜寻；追寻；寻找 9. such as 例如 10. make friends交朋友 11. be regard as被当作….. 12. click …away 点击……发送 13. make a difference有所不同 14 .drop sb. a line给某人写信 15 keep in mind记住 16.at the end of 在…..的末尾 wake up醒来 wander off 漫步 most of the time 大部分时间 either…or… 或……或……
each other 互相 spend…(in)doing s th 花费时间做某事 be determined to do 决定做…… think about 看法 for example 举例子 work out 得出；解决 argue for 为……辩护 argue with 与……争论/争辩 argue against 争辩…… set up （具体）设置；安装/（抽象）建立do some research 做研究 choose to do sth. 宁愿、偏要、决定做某事catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意 care for 照顾 be intended for/to do 为……而准备、预定reach a doctor 找到医生 must have done 一定是；想必是 get a training 得到训练 as well as ……也 second to 次于 get sb. into使某人进入/陷入 story after story 一个故事接着一个
普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..." She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY