高二英语语法复习人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
语法复习：
1. 过去分词做状语
2. 复习分词的各种形式（doing; having done; having been done）做状语。
二. 知识总结与归纳：
（一）过去分词可以做一个陈述句的时间，原因，条件，让步等状语。
结构：过去分词短语，主句（主语+谓语）
相当于
（1）表示被动语态的时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。
例：
1. Kicked out from this company, he had to find a new job.
2. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4. Bent roof and twenty-foot high walls of glass make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.
5. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
7. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
（2）含主系表结构（be+V-ed形式）表示状态或性质的状语从句。
例：
1. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
2. Excited by our success, we decided to celebrate with dinner.
3. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave that company.
4. Well-known for her skill as a designer, she was invited to work with the company.
5. Surprised at what Berry had done, he didn’t know what to say at first.
（二）过去分词表达的动作先于主句的动作，表示：已经被……
结构：having been done短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
1. Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China.
2. After having been examined carefully, the room was locked again.
3. Having been exhausted by the journey, he went straight to bed.
4. Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
（三）复习：现在分词（doing短语）以及它的完成式（having done短语）做时间、原因，条件，让步状语；相当于表示主动意义的状语从句。
例：
结构：doing 短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
当……时，/由于……/如果……
having done短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
已经……之后
1. Living far from school, he is often late.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
5. Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
6. Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
7. Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.
（四）分词短语的逻辑主语应当与主句主语一致。如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。
1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.
2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.
3. The shower being over, we continued working.
（五）总结及解题思路：根据分词短语与主句主语的关系（主动，被动）和时间顺序（在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生）来确定做状语的分词的形式。
（六）分词在陈述句后面，做陈述句的伴随状语或结果状语：表示伴随动作的分词根据它们与主句主语的关系（主动/被动），选用doing或done短语表达。
1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.
2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.
3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. ____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding.
分析：根据句意：Harvard大学创建于1636年，“创建”与主句主语Harvard为被动关系。
答案：C
2. Hearing the news, he hurried out, ___ book ___ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open
B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie open
D. left; lying opened
分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在远方，但他的书还打开着放在桌上。
hurried out和disappeared是连续的动作。而___ book ___ on the table则是伴随的动作。
答案：B
3. Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacking in
分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lack of（缺乏）与主语his parents为主动关系。
答案：B
4. ____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To given
C. Giving
D. Having given
分析：根据句意：如果给予更多的关注，树会长得更好。____ more attention做条件状语，give与主语the tree为被动关系，用过去分词做状语。
答案：A
5. ___ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
分析：由于走神了，他差点撞到汽车上。lost in thought形容词短语：走神。
答案：C
二. 翻译句子：
1. 泰德拒绝了朋友去海洋公园的邀请，因为他已经去过两次了。
答案：
Having been to the Ocean Park twice, Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go there.
Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go to the Ocean Park because he had been there twice. 2. 从远处看，这个岛屿就象一朵彩云。
答案：
Viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
When it was viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
3. 他出身与一个贫困家庭，只上过两年学。
答案：
Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
4. First built as an exclusive playground for the 60’s jet set by a member of its own, A&P Supermarket heir Huntington Hartford, over the years the club did close some of its luster, but never its beautiful setting.
答案：
翻译：最初的时候，海洋俱乐部只是一个为六十年代有钱人阶层专门建立的私人俱乐部，其创建者Huntington Hartford是A&P超市的继承人，也是富人阶层的一分子。多年之后，俱乐部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那优美的环境依旧保存完好。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. ____ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.
A. Feeling something go
B. Feeling something to go
C. To feel something gone
D. Having felt something gone
2. ____my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.
A. Not receive
B. Not to receive
C. Not received
D. Not having received
3. The new machine, if ___ properly, will work for at least ten years.
A. use
B. using
C. being used
D. used
4. ____, the young man is healthy and strong.
A. Fully developed
B. Fully developing
C. Having fully developed
D. To be fully developed
5. ___ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.
A. When asked
B. When asking
C. To be asked
D. When he was asking
6. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. Completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
二. 完型填空
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ___1__ and traveling.
Then after returning to the United States from a __2__ trip to Russia .Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __3__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4__ him. The materials between his bones became __5__.
In less than one week after his return, he could not __6___. Every move that he _7___ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’ problem and he might never ___8__ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up ___9___.
Mr. Cousins thought that ___10___ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ___11__, he felt that happy thoughts or _12____ might cure his illness.
He began to _13__ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __14____ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
__15___ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __16___ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __17___ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __18____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __19____.
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __20___.
1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work
2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant
3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit
4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside
5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful
6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see
7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave
8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think
9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement
10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy
11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television
13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment
14. A. day B. week C. month D. year
15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing
16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove
17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that
18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough
19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure
20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness
三. 阅读理解：
A
It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.”However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped（紧握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes.
B. No
C. I heard you
D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece
B. the USA
C. England
D. China
4. What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.
Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ___.
A. man desire to explore what is unknown.
B. man often goes wherever his dreams go
C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.
D. man’s history is his exploration of the world.
2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means ___.
A. vast
B. various
C. valuable
D. practical
3. The author seems to be in favor of ___.
A. doubting the necessity of the space exploration
B. the exploration of space
C. exploring more in space than in sea
D. his experience in space
4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result” refers to the results ___.
A. that are obtained from experience
B. that can be learned as knowledge
C. that can be made use of
D. helping us make further exploration.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A
解析：____ wrong with the engine做全句的原因状语，feel与主语具有主动关系，用-ing 形式做状语，go wrong做宾语something的补足语。
2. D
解析：由于没有受到父母的来信，在全句中做原因状语，动作在主句decided to write again 动作之前，用-ing 的完成式Not having done结构做状语
3. D
解析：如果被使用恰当，过去分词做条件状语。
4. A
解析：如果进行全面发展，过去分词做状语，与主句主语构成被动关系。
5. A
解析：当被要求讲话时，他说他很高兴。
6. A
解析：当博物馆被完工（竣工）时，它将与明年对公众开放。
二. 完型填空
1. D
解析：他很喜欢他的工作和旅行出差
2. B
解析：从到俄罗斯的令人疲惫不堪的出差回到美国。Tiring预示下文提到的Mr. Cousins 生病。
3. D
解析：在旅途中，他把他的身体的体力推向了极限
4. C
解析：于是他的身体内部发生了变化
5. A
解析：他的骨头之间的物质变得脆弱了。本题另外三个选项与主语搭配不合适。
6. C
解析：他几乎无法站立了
7. A
解析：他所做的每一个动作都让他感到疼痛。做运动：make a move
8. B
解析：医生告诉他，他们无法解决他的问题，他可能不能从他的疾病中恢复过来。get over：从病中恢复过来。
9. B
解析：Mr. Cousins拒绝放弃治疗的希望。
10. D
解析：Mr. Cousins认为一些不愉快的想法正在他的体内产生着某种化学变化。此处与下文的happy thoughts相对应。
11. A
解析：他不想进行药物治疗，相反，
12. C
解析：他认为愉快的想法或放声大笑能治愈他的疾病。
13. D
解析：在住院期间他开始用观看滑稽电视节目来进行实验。experiment on somebody：拿某人做实验。
14. A
解析：他发现白天10分钟的开心大笑能给他带来夜间两小时的舒适睡眠。during the day 对应下一句的at night.
15. B
解析：已经肯定医生无法再帮助他了。deciding :确定。
16. C
解析：他离开医院在旅馆里继续他的实验。
17. A
解析：他在房间里反复看电视娱乐节目，读书，睡觉，做这些事直到他感到累了为止。
18. D
解析：他感到身体足够健康了
19. A
解析：他开始出国度假并在海边跑步锻炼。
20. C
解析：他通过笑使自己恢复了健康。
三. 阅读理解：
A
1. B
解析：细节判断题，根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2. B
解析：根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3. A
解析：根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项文章没有涉及。
4. C
解析：语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。
5. C
解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。
B
1. A
解析：考查文章的主旨大意。从第一段Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known.可知。
2. B
解析：词义猜测。从第二段The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way.可知the areas that will benefit是广泛多样的。文章下文说明获利饿各个方面。
3. B
解析：从全文看，作者对探索太空持赞成态度。
4. C
解析：文章最后一句意思是：但是要确切地说这种实际结果是什么将是不可能的。这种实际结果就是能应用上文所提到的各种领域所获得的利益。
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语语法专项练习题<附解析>(一) 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 1. B 2. B success 名词，保留远动词含义"成功"是不可数名词;如用来代替具体的人(成功者)或具体的事(成功的事情(东西))是可数名词。故排除C,D;A中how是副词，如改成how great a success就是正确的。 3. B 抽象名词不特指时，前不用冠词。 4. D 如将A项中was, since改成is, since是正确的;即从句中谓语先发生。如用B项，是强调句，而强调句前后两个谓语动词在时间上必须一致(a);被强调部分能还回原句中(b)，即因为句中was declared是过去时, B项中is改成was;因为句中was declared是非延续性动词，在years后加上ago将"一段" 时间变成"一点"就是正确的。C项前后时间不一致。 5. C whichever已失去疑问含义，等于 anything that，表示强调; 而 which topic中 which保留疑问含义，译成"哪一个题目"，不符合句义。而A和D中缺少连词。
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
（1） In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und T axis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” (3) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always
人教版高二英语语法专项复习（必修5与选修6） 专项1 过去分词 ( ) 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known ( ) 2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded ( ) 3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made ( ) 4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced ( ) 5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned ( ) 6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ( ) 7. The pilot asked all the passengers o n board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating ( ) 8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept ainst the laws get parents _____. ( ) 9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions ag A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ( ) 10. —What’s happening in the street? — A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit. A. calls B. called C. calling D. to be called ( ) 11. He had his leg ______ when playing football. A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken ( ) 12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me. A. dated B. dating C. was dated D. which dated ( ) 13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep. A. To fill B. To be filled C. Filling D. Filled ( ) 14. Even if ______, I won’t go. A. invited B. inviting C. I invited D. he invites ( ) 15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. to be finished ( ) 16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?” A. pointing; broken B. pointed; broken C. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking ( ) 17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______? A. repairing; repairing B. repairing; repaired C. to repaired; to be repaired D. to be repaired; repairing ( ) 18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“_ teacher for a ten-year-o ld boy.” A. Determined;Wanted B. Determined;Wanting C. Determines;Wanted D. Determining;Wanting ( ) 19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______. A. speaking B. spoken C. speaking to D. spoken to
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken. 71. 【答案】from 【解析】考查固定短语。be different from“和…不同”，是固定短语。故填from. 72. 【答案】especially 【解析】考查副词。especial是形容词“特殊的，特别的”；especially是副词“尤其，特别”。
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 ）巩固练习 重点题型（ 常考知识点 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up.他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods,where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman,)was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1.This is our school.It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2.This is our school.W e study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3.Do you know the r oom?It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. →I have r ead the newsp aper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格。 1.A plane is a machine t hat can fly. the machine=that 2.The boy who brok e the window is called Wangkai. the boy=who 3.The boy whose p arents are working outside was b r oug ht up by his grandfather. the boy’s=whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
第二章句法一、简单句(一) 简单句的五种基本结构题 1 指出下列各句属于哪种基本句型。1．They are students. ( ) 2．The flowers turn red in spring. ( ) 3．The boys laughed. ( ) 4．We study English. ( ) 5．The teacher asked me two questions. ( ) 6．We all call him Xiao Li. ( ) 题 2 同意句改写。 1．Please pass me a cup of tea. Please pass a cup of tea 2．Yesterday my friend gave a nice present me. Yesterday my friend a nice present. 3．Pingping lent Lucy his bike two hours ago. Pingping his bike two hours ago. 4．Uncle Liu showed us some pictures. Uncle Liu pictures . 5．My aunt made a cake for the children yesterday. My aunt made yesterday. 6．Mum has bought her a new skirt. Mum has a new skirt . 题 3 变成否定句，一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。1．This is a bike under the tree. 2．There are some apple trees in front of the house. 3．There was a football match yesterday afternoon. 4．There were some people in the street. 5．There will be a sports meeting next week. 6．There is going to be an English film this evening. 7．There is something wrong with my watch. 8．She has some story-books. 9．We have a TV set in our house. 题 4 用存在有和所属有的正确形式填空。 1． a picture on the wall? 2．any maps on the back wall? 3．Rose any paper? 4．There some nice picture-books over there. 5．How many people in your family? 6．I some library books. 7．How much paper you? I two pieces of paper. 8．You any sisters. 9．any tea in the cup? Yes, there is some. 10．much rice in the bowl?
语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句：〖大句套小句〗 一气：虚拟语气 二词：非谓语动词、情态动词 三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一：口诀法 非谓语，三要点。 句法 目 的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句
变否定，NOT 前。 哼哈将，时逻关。 七仙女，记心间。 （一） 变否定 （二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 ▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. @ 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars (=if you had a million dollars) | 如果你有100万元，你会做什么 We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help) 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, …
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible