专题十一主谓一致与特殊句式
主谓一致
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.
[名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.
I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident.
(3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.
The poet and writer has produced many works.
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure.
(5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.
2．意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
The class are doing experiment.
(2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting.
(3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of here.
(4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
(5)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
The number of the students is increasing year after year.
(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
(7)以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
3．就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
(1)由or, either ...or ..., neitEither you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
(2)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three books and a pen on the desk.
[命题点感悟]考什么·考多少·怎么考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①Fast food________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
解析：is主语是“Fast food”，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。
②The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’status as a leading novelist.
解析：was句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of Great Expectations”，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态，故填was。
③Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (be) regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
解析：is句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最全面的运动方式。句子主语部分是A along with B结构，因此谓语应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式，故填is。
④Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.
解析：is主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，为动名词短语作主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。
Ⅱ.单句改错
①He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
解析：was→were宾语从句中主语是we，为复数，故be动词应该用were而不是was。
②My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends ... My dream school look like a big garden.
解析：look→looks句子的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。
③Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.
解析：go→goes句子的主语为“a fire alarm”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
④(2016·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.
解析：have→has
1．部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。
Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.
(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
(3)so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句
要用部分倒装。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.
(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
Strange as it may sound, if you’re unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.
(6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。Should he come, tell him to ring me up.
(7)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed.
2．全部倒装
(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.
South of the river lies a small factory.
(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.
1.强调句型
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who 或that，其他情况下一律用that。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
[名师指津]强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
[名师指津]由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
She doesn’t know who it was that saved her son.
(4)not ... until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until ... ＋that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
2．强调谓语动词
用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.
1.状语从句中的省略
在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be 动词可以一起省略。
All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
2．动词不定式的省略
在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该
动作而保留不定式符号to 。
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
3．so/not 构成替代省略
英语中还常常用so/not 等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not 多跟在I ’m afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe 等开头的答句中。
—Do you think it will rain ？—I hope so/not.
4．常用的省略结构
?????
if ever 如果有过的话 if busy 如果忙的话 ?????
if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果那样的话
if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话
1．感叹句的3种常见句式
(1)What (＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
What beautiful flowers they are!
(2)How ＋形容词＋a/an ＋可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
How clever a boy he is ！＝What a clever boy he is!
(3)How ＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How high the mountain is ！
2．祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定词一律在动词前加don ’t 。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do 。
Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing.
3．反意疑问句
反意疑问句由“陈述句＋反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否式，反之亦然。
(1)陈述部分含有must 的反意疑问句
①当must 作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn ’t; 当mustn ’t (不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must 。
You must go now, needn ’t you?
You mustn ’t smoke here, must you?
②当must 表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must 后面的动词发生的时间确定。
You must have watched the football match last night, didn ’t you?
(2)陈述部分含有used to 时，疑问部分用usedn ’t 或didn ’t 均可。
You used to play football, usedn ’t/didn ’t you?
(3)陈述部分含有ought to 时，疑问部分用oughtn ’t 或shouldn ’t 均可。
He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn ’t/shouldn ’t he?
(4)陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
①当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。
He could hardly get up, could he?
②陈述部分含有由否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。
Mary dislikes sports, doesn ’t she?
(5)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和主句的主语保持一致。
He said that she would come here on time, didn’t he?
[名师指津]当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。
I don’
1.
易错点一：强调句和定语从句混淆
(1)在强调句型中that没有意义，且不作任何成分；
(2)定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。试比较：
①It is novels that Miss Wang enjoys reading.(强调句)
②It is a question that needs careful consideration.(定语从句)
在实际考查中，命题人可能会将定语从句隐藏于强调句型中进行考查，增加了题目难度。[例1](单句改错)Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday where you lost your handbag?
[分析]第二个where→that分析句子结构可知，应当是that 与前面的“Could it be”共同构成强调句式。本题解题的关键在于弄清楚两个where从句究竟哪一个才是定语从句。
易错点二：强调句和主语从句混淆
强调句型去掉“it is/was”和“that”之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句则不能。试比较：
①It’s there that the accidents often happen. (强调句)
②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(主语从句)
[例2]It is often the case __________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
[分析]that本句中“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，that在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。
易错点三：强调句和时间状语从句混淆
强调句型去掉“it is/was”和“that”之后，句子结构仍然完整，而“it is ...when ...”中，it指时间。试比较：
①It was at six o’clock that I got up early. (强调句)
②It was six o’clock when I got up early.(状语从句)
[例3](单句改错)It was only when I reread his poems when I began to appreciate their beauty. [分析]第二个when→that句意：正是当我重读他的诗歌时我才开始欣赏它们的美。难点在于能够分析出句中含有对时间状语从句的强调，故第二个when应改为that，与前面的“It was”共同构成强调句式。
易错点四：强调句的主谓一致
[例4]It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that make life happy. [分析]make→makes句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情才能让生活愉快。此处为强调句型，去掉“It’s”和“that”后，可以看出句子的主语是“not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do”，根据“就近原则”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2．倒装句易错点剖析
易错点一：漏掉助动词/情态动词/be动词
[例5]Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun.
[分析]I前加did句意：直到那时，我才知道我的高中生活已真正开始。“not until ...”置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，故用助动词did来帮助构成部分倒装结构，原句中缺少助动词。易错点二：时态、语态错误
[例6]Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
[分析]Have→Had句意：要是没有政府和科学家们的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。由主句使用“would have done”可知是对过去情况的虚拟，故从句应用had done。本句为省略if将had置于句首的情况。
易错点三：句子成分缺失/多余
[例7](单句改错)So tough did I feel to live in an English-speaking country that I made up my
mind to learn English well.
[分析]feel后加it句意：我感到生活在说英语的国家是如此艰难以至于我下定决心要学好英语。本句涉及一个固定搭配“feel it tough to do sth.”，其中“it”作形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构。
易错点四：主谓一致
[例8](单句改错)Look, on the left of the woods lie a small farm, where her father once worked. [分析]lie→lies本句是将地点状语“on the left of the woods”提前而构成的完全倒装。本句的主语为“a small farm”，结合句子时态可知，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。3．省略句易错点剖析
易错点一：状语从句的省略
在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语动词中含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略。
①When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
②Don’t come in until (you are) asked to.
[例9](单句改错)You should stay where you are, unless asking to leave.
[分析]asking→asked句意：你应待在你现在的地方，除非叫你离开。该句补全为：You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.
易错点二：倒装句中的省略
(1)as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。如被前置的表语是单数名词时，须省略冠词。
[例10](单句改错)A child as/though he is, he is as brave as an adult.
[分析]去掉A; child→Child本题为as引导的让步状语从句，前置的表语“a child”是单数名词，须省略冠词a。
(2)省略if的倒装条件句。在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should或were，则可省略if，把had, should或were提到句首，构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。(见例6)
(二)习题演练
主谓一致练习题
1. Nobody but Jane ____ ______(know)the secret.
2. All but one ____________(be) here just now.
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __________(be) tired of having one examination
after another.
4. A library with five thousand books _______ ___(offer)to the nation as a gift.
5. When and where to build the new factory _____ ______(not, decide)yet.
6.The number of people invited ______ (be)fifty,but a number of them ____absent for different reasons.
7.Two fifths of the land in that district _____(be) covered with trees and grass.
8.This is one of the most interesting questions that _________(be) asked.
9.Between then two rows of trees __________(stand) the teaching building.
10.All that can be done_________(do) .
11.They each ________(have) a new dictionary.
12.The singer and the dancer ______ (have)come to the meeting.
13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____(be)more difficult.
14.The wounded ______________(take in) by the hospital.
特殊句式练习题
1.--- I hear that Bai Shan can’t afford his schooling this fall.
--- ______（necessary）, let’s do something for him.
2. Not only______________(be he know) for his action one the playground , but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playground.
3.On the contrary, I think it is Truman, rather than you, ________is to blame.
4. Not only ________(travel can) give people relaxation and pleasure, but _______(it can) increase their knowledge of any kind.
5.________(protect) our earth, or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on.
6.It was not until the catastrophe happened_______the local government realized the importance of substantial development.
7. —How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely _____________(a debate, attract) so much media attention.
8. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______a dangerous scene it was!
9. successful was her business that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
10.When you’ve finished with that book,don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, _____you?
11. Help others whenever you can ______ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
12.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _________(I, feel) so lonely as now.
13.It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.
14. Little _______(he, realize) that we were watching his every move, so he seemed
to be going his own way in this business.
15. It wasn’t until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had
a lot in common.
16.—Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly_________(the car, speed)by that I couldn’t have a good look at his face.
17.It is imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality.
18.We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter , _______?
1. When
2. is he know
3. who/that is
4. can travel; it can
5. protect
6.that
7.did a debate attract
8.What
9. So 10.will 11. and 12.have I felt 13. that 14.did he realize 15.that 16.does the car speed 17.that 18.will you
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sc ientist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He d idn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
一、语法一致 1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。 2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如： Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。 The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。 注意事项： （1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。 The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。 There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。 Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。 Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。 Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。 （2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。 （3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。 3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如： The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。 The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。 Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。 4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,
主谓一致与特殊句式跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 主谓一致 1 (2018·湖南湘西) —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? —______. It’s just between my house and a post office. A. Yes, it is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there is 2.（2018·四川自贡）24. — Did your father use to _______ to work? —Yes, but now he likes using public transportation. He is used to _______ the bus. A. drive; taking B. driving; taking C. driving; take 3.(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life. A. be B. am C. is. D. are 4. （2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and wi th the development of China economy, they better care of in the future. A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take 5.(2018·四川达州)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A. where show B. which show C. that shows D. who shows 6.(2018·江苏苏州) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie. —Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name. A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered 7. (2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》). A.is B. are C. am D. be 8.(2018·甘肃武威)19. Our city is cleaner than it __________ be. A. is used to B. used to C. uses to D. is used 9. (2017·四川眉山)— How many _____ doctors are there in your hospital, David？ — _____ them _____ over one hundred. A. woman; The number of: is B. women; A number of; are
特殊句式集锦 1. It (all) depends:视情况而定 2. It ’s up to sb (to do sth):由某人决定（做某事） ——Shall we go to the art exhibition? ——It ’s up to you. 3. It ’s time ?? ?? ???++v) should （that sth do to sb for sth for sth do to 用过去时或从句 4. It is no use/good/point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用处/益处/意义/意思 It is no point arguing with him about it. 和他争论这事没有意义。 5. ? ????++??++”“： before It was ”：“ before be It will 过了多久才从句一段时间还得过多久才从句一段时间 It will be long before we meet each other again. 还要过很久我们才能再次见面。 It was two years before he came back from abroad. 过了两年后他才回国。 6. ? ????++??++”“： before t It wasn'”“： before be t It won'了不久以后就从句一段时间不多久就会从句一段时间 It won’t be bong before you realize the importance of learning English well. 7. It is /has been + 一段时间 + since 从句（过去时） 自从……以来有多久了 It is years since I enjoyed myself so much. 我有好多年都没有玩得这么开心了。 8. It is /was + 被强调成分 + that: 强调句型 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 昨天午夜我回到了家里。 9. It is/was + 时间 + when 从句。 it 指时间，作主语。 It was midnight when I got back home yesterday. 当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。 10. It + 特殊动词 + that 从句 （1）It happened that …… 碰巧…… It happened that I saw him at the meeting. 碰巧我在会议上见到了他。 （2）It occurred to sb that …… 某人突然想起 It occurred to me that I had several problems to solve. 我突然想起我还有几个亟待解决的问题。 （3）It impressed sb that …… ……令某人钦佩 It impresses me so much that you can still remember my name after these years. 这么多年以后你仍能记得我的名字真令我钦佩之至。 （4）It turned out that …… 结果是，原来是，证明是 It turned out that he was a thief. 原来他是个贼。 11. ”“ why s That' wonder No wonder no is It ???? ? ????? ??难怪 He hasn ’t slept for three nights. It is no wonder he is so tired now. 他有三夜没有睡觉了，难怪现在如此疲惫。 12. There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 There is no need to wait for him. 13.?? ?+主句 从句 doubt, without doubt that small no/little/ is There 毫无疑问，…… There is no doubt that she will win the game = Without doubt, she will win the game. 14. A is to B what C is to D. A 对于B 犹如C 对于D 。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。 15. Chances are that …… 很可能…… Chances are that he has already heard the news. 很可能他已经听到这个消息了。 16. ”“ by, going With time by,by/went goes time As ??? ?? ?? ?????，随着时间的推移 As time went by, I came to know how to use the computer. 随着时间的推移，我慢慢地知道了如何使用电脑。 17. the + 比较级 ……，the + 比较级 …… 越……，越就…… The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.. 你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。 18. “倍数”句型： B of n the is A (3)B than adj is A (2)B as adj as is A )1(?? ? ??+++++++++++++倍数比较级倍数倍数
第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致 特殊句式 [深化认知] 一、倒装句 (一)部分倒装 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off. 直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。 2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 (2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。 3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss. 他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 5．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 Hard as they tried，they couldn't make her change her mind. 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。 (二)全部倒装 1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。 2．such置于句首时。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。 [名师指津]此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 二、省略句 1．复合句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are)stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
[必须收藏】高中英语特殊句式! 奇速在线教育：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6e15606280.html, 特殊句式包含： A. there be 句型 B. 倒装句 C. 强调句 D. 省略句 E. 插入语 F. 分隔句式 A. there be 句型 1、there be 句型的意义：表示“某处有某物”。 2、there be 句型的时态there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ; 3、there be 句型的特殊用法： there be 不可与have 连用 there be 后的谓语动词遵循就近原则 there be 的反义疑问句为谓语动词+there there +具体的动词使表达更生动 there be 的非谓语动词为若前面的动词后是不定式时，就用there to be 若前面的动词后是v-ing 时，就用there being 4、there be 句型的固定搭配 there is no use / sense / point + v-ing there is no need +to do there is no doubt +that 从句 蔡章兵主编QQ757722345 二、部分倒装（高考考点） 1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置 2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装 3、“so（nor, neither）+助动词+ 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别 4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装 5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装 6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装 1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置，主语是代词时不倒装。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。 Clever as he is，he does n’t study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略 Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买它。 Try as she might, she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 =Although she try as she can, she failed . 2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装 表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,
特殊句式专题演练七 120. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ______ any end to their influence on man’s lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗本题主要考倒装。 〖解析〗句意：（人类）写出好书无终点, 同样它们（指书籍）对人们生活的影响也无止境！121. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ____ the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要进行倒装。本句是only+时间状语, 所以后接的主句要倒装。答案为B。 122. It is these poisonous products ________can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles. A. who B. that C. how D. what 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗考查强调句型。 〖解析〗这是一个强调句, 对主语these poisonous products进行强调。这是一个限制性定语从句, 由于先行词是these poisonous products, 关系代词只能是which或that, 备选答案中没有which, 于是选B项that。答案为B。 123. Only in this way _____ to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗在含有only+状语的句子中, 谓语动词要进行倒装。只有用这种方法, 才能改善操作系统。译文：只有用这种方法, 才能改善操作系统。答案为C。 124. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______ with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗否定句(如该句中的never)在句首时, 应用部分主谓倒装。这类副词有：never ,hardly ,seldom ,scarcely, little等。译文：那对老夫妇结婚已经四十年了, 连一次架也没吵过。答案选C。 125. Only when your identity has been checked, _____. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 〖答案〗D 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要进行倒装。本句是only+时间状语从句, 所以
十、主谓一致和特殊句式 1. The lake is calm and clear，and one of the things that ________ in the water is the famous tower. A．reflects B．reflect C．is reflected D．are reflected 答案 D [考查主谓一致。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映在水里的物体之一是著名的高塔。 在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”的句式中定语从句的谓语用复数。] 2．This series of products ________ in special price for a month to promote its sales from next tenth. A．are B．is to be C．has been D．would be 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：从下个月十号开始，这系列的产品会以特殊的价格促销一个月以提高销量。series of与后面的名词构成名词短语时谓语动词用单数。] 3．The teacher as well as the students ________ planting trees. A．are B．is C．has D．have 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：老师和同学们在植树。as well as句型中的谓语动词与主语一致，即要与“teacher”保持一致，故选择B项。] 4．We each ________ strong points and each of us，on the other hand，________ weak points. A．have；has B．have；have C．has；have D．has；has 答案 A [句意：我们每个人都有长处；从另一方面说，我们每个人也都有弱点。第一个分句的主语是we，each是we的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；第二个分句的主语是不定代词each，谓语动词用单数。on the other hand是插入语。] 5．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A．is B．are C．has D．have 答案 C [句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很大声的音乐会导致很多青少年听力受损。动名词短语作主语，句子谓语动词用单数形式，根据caused判断，此处用has，构成现在完成时。] 6．—________ the team finished most of their research work? —Yes，but the rest ________ rather difficult. A．Has；are B．Has；is C．Have；are D．Have；is
高中英语特殊句式练习题 1．Word came ______ our duties would be changed. A. that B. which C. whether D. when 2．Every year a great number of foreign tourists pay a visit to _____ we Chinese call Heaven Lake. A. where B. which C. what D. that 3．A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the picket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 4．When ________ questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible. A．asking B．to ask C．to be asked D．asked 5．It is the first time that we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family．A．see B. had seen C．saw D．have seen 7．After the exam, my teacher told me that failure ____ the mother of success. A. was B. is C. be D. been 8．It was only when I reread his poems recently ______ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. that B. until C. then D. so 10．Our teacher said to us that the earth _________ around the sun. A. travelled B. travels C. is traveling D. was traveling 12．The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me＿＿＿to call that in Chinese. A. whether B. where C. which D. what 13．—Dock doesn't know much about computers. —. A.So he did B.So does Mary C.Neither do I D.Nor will Mary 14．Before I left home, my mother taught me ________some simple dishes, such as noodles and garlic with vegetables. A. what cooking B. how cooking C. what to cook D. how to cook 15．Making great efforts to struggle hard in your study，if ______，will possibly lead to your great success in the college entrance exam next year. A. continued B．to continue C．continues D．continuing 16．It was many years ____ American women were given the rights to vote. A. when B. since C. before D. as 17．Don’t worry！There is still a great chance we can make up for the lost time. A．which B．that C．where D．when 18．Her last book sold five million copies and we hope this one will be＿＿＿＿popular. A. so B. as C. such D. much 19．--- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________. A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no 20．______, I suppose, and the housing problems for the low-income families could be solved. A. If you double your efforts B. To make some more efforts
主谓一致和特殊句式练习题 ( )1. （2016年上海）Thetwins _________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )2. A woman with a young boy _______ getting into Uncle’s car. A.is B. are C. has D. were ( )3. (2016 烟台) There _______ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________ increasing. A.has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )4. (2016乌鲁木齐) ---_______ exciting news it is ! Disneyland in Shan ghai has opened to the public ! --- _______. We plan to go there this summer holiday. A.What an ; So it is B. What; So it is C.How; So it is D. How; So it is ( )5. （2016年兰州）I _______ you can finish the exam in two hours. A.does believe B. do believe C. did believe D. do believe ( )6. (2016年武汉) ---What’s the matter, Jenny ? ---- _______ something wrong with my bike. A.It is B. There is C. I have D. It has ( )7. People always like to follow others. If one boy has a red T-shirt, _______ other boys. A.so will B. n either will C. so have D. neither have ( )8. (2016乌鲁木齐) --- My sister and I will go to the library tomorrow. ---_______. Shall we go together ? A.So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I ( )9. ---What’s Tom’s fa vorite s ubject ? --- I’m not sure. Maybe physics _______ his favorite subject. A.are B. were C. was D. is ( )10. A number of students in this school _______ from the country. They work very hard. https://www.doczj.com/doc/6e15606280.html,es B. come C. came D. will come