下载文档原格式
最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间的一致性，即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词的形式。
在英语语法中，主谓一致是一个非常重要的原则，它确保了句子结构正确和表达清晰。
主谓一致可以分为语法一致和意义一致两种原则。
二、主谓一致的种类1. 语法一致（1）当主语由两个或两个以上的单数名词或者代词组成时，谓语动词的形式取决于指代的是否为不同的人或事物。
如果是不同的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指代的是同一个人或事物或者同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
（2）当主语是不定式、动词ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
（3）在定语从句中，关系代词who、which、that作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
（4）使用连接词with、along with、together with、as well as、besides、like、without、except、but等连接的主语，谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。
（5）主语为不定代词all、more、some、any、none时，谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。
（6）主语为the rest of、half of、part of、majority of、percent of、one third of等加名词时，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
（7）集合名词作主语时，动词可用单数或复数，主要由句子的意思决定。
强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时，动词用复数。
常见的集合名词有public、family、class、crowd、population、team、group等。
（8）某些名词如people、police、cattle等，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。
但people指“民族”时是例外。
2. 意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。
有的主语名词在形式上是单数，但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数，但在意义上却是单数。
高中英语语法知识点专题复习练习第十讲主谓一致和特殊句式一主谓一致一、主谓一致的基础“3原则”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。
1．语法一致原则主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
2．就近一致原则(1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
(2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
◆There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
3．意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
◆The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
1. Nobody but Jane___________ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is knownwithbutexceptincluding答：B。
主语+ as well as +其他，谓语besides 动词与前边in addition ta 的一致。
apart fromexcluding2. All but one ______ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were答：D。
不定代词all，some，theres to等做主语时，谓语根据情况而定，若指可敷意义，谓语用复数；若指不可数意义或抽象意义时谓语用单数。
此题中all指人，“大家，所有的人”；若指抽象事物，谓语应用单数。
如：All is clear。
一切都清楚了。
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after an other.A. isB. areC. amD. beor...答：B。
主语+ either...or... +其他，谓语neither...nor... 动词与前边not only... but also... 主语一致的4. A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered答：A。
见第一题解析。
5. When and where to build the new factory______ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided答：A。
高中英语主谓一致精析及强化训练一）主谓一致的种类1．语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike.2．意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。
2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
如：The news was so surprising.形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。
特殊词解析：1. majoritythe majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The majority agree [agrees] with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。
The majority was [were] in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
但是若单独用的the majority后跟有复数表语，则谓语通常要用复数。
如：The majority are young people.2. “the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，如：The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。
The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth.minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数minority表示“少数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式（具体用法与majority大致同相）。
A 1专题 4 主谓一致和特殊句式考向 1 主谓一致Ⅰ.单句语法填空1. F ast food is(be) full of fat and salt ；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析 根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语 fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填 be 的第三人称单数形式 is 。
2. L eaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.(2016·全国Ⅱ)解析 本句的主语为动名词短语 leaving the less...，动名词短语作主语谓语要用第三人称单数形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用 is 。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误)1. H e would ask who we was wereand pretend not to know us.(2016·浙江) 解析 who 引导的宾语从句中主语是 we ，谓语应用复数。
2. H ard work have hasmade him very ill.(2013·辽宁)解析 work 为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
3. F inally ，there were wasa sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013·陕西)解析 There be 句型中 be 动词应该与其后主语 a sudden pull 在数上保持一致。
考向 2 特殊句式Ⅰ.单句语法填空1. I t could be anything —gardening ， cooking ， music ， sports —but whatever it is ， m ake(make) sure it ’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016·全国Ⅱ)解析第二个破折号之后为but 连接的并列句，whatever it is 是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。
主谓一致Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is true.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.What I say and do has nothing to do with you.★ a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine.The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.2.―单数名词+ and + 单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends.The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love.Each boy and girl was given a book.Every minute and every second is precious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。
主谓一致与特殊句式主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.[名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.What the school needs are qualified teachers.(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident.(3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.The poet and writer has produced many works.(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
专题4主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致考点一语法一致原则由and连接的两个名词作主语“a(n)/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
“a(n)/the＋名词单数＋and＋a(n)/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
通常由两个部件组成的物品如a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
单句语法填空1．The teacher and poet often gives(give) lectures around the city.2．The teacher and the poet have(have) just arrived.3．Every boy and every girl has(have) the right to receive education in our country.4．Bread and butter is(be) not to his taste.5．Is(be) fifty pounds enough?6．Two-thirds of the books are(be) about science.7．Only 30% of the work was done(do) yesterday.8．Nobody but Jim and Mike is(be) on the playground now.考点二意义一致原则谓语动词必须用单数的情况表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
专题十一主谓一致与特殊句式主谓一致主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.[名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.What the school needs are qualified teachers.(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident.(3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.The poet and writer has produced many works.(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure.(5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.2．意义一致原则意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.The class are doing experiment.(2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting.(3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of here.(4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.(5)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students have gone for an outing.The number of the students is increasing year after year.(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.(7)以s/ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.3．就近一致原则就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
(1)由or, either ...or ..., neitEither you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(2)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.[命题点感悟]考什么·考多少·怎么考Ⅰ.单句语法填空①Fast food________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：is主语是“Fast food”，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。
②The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’status as a leading novelist.解析：was句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of Great Expectations”，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态，故填was。
③Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (be) regarded as one of the best allround forms of exercise.解析：is句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最全面的运动方式。
句子主语部分是A along with B结构，因此谓语应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式，故填is。
④Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.解析：is主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，为动名词短语作主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。
Ⅱ.单句改错①He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.解析：was→were宾语从句中主语是we，为复数，故be动词应该用were而不是was。
②My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends ... My dream school look like a big garden.解析：look→looks句子的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。
③Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.解析：go→goes句子的主语为“a fire alarm”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
④(2016·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.解析：have→has1．部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。
这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。
Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.(3)so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
