第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等）
1．完全倒装
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
[点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
2．部分倒装
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考)
直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。
(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。
Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考)
直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。
(3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。
The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。
Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her.
自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。
[点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。
—It is too hot. ——天太热了。
—So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。
(5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。
(6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。
Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。
Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。
1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow)
通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in
2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think)
听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think
1．强调句型
结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。
(1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
句中就用was；若原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用is。
(2)句型变化：
①be 动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。
Was it in the park that you met him?你是在公园遇见他的吗？
②特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that ...？构成特殊疑问句。
What was it that prevented him from coming in time?是什么阻止了他及时赶来？
③反意疑问句必须和主句一致。
It was at ten last night that I knew the news, wasn't it?是在昨天晚上十点我知道的这个消息，是不是？
(3)人称和数的运用：
被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。
It is I that/who am your friend that will come to see you.正是作为你朋友的我要来看你。
(4)对not ... until ...结构的强调：
强调not ...until ...句型的时间状语时，要把not 与until 放在一起。
It was not until 10 o'clock that I finished my homework.直到十点钟，我才完成作业。
2．强调句型与相关句型的辨析
(1)与定语从句的辨析：
①It was in the factory that they met for the first time. ②It was the factory where they met for the first time.
句①为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the factory，该句可还原为：They met in the factory for the first time.。句②为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句，where 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the factory，并在从句中作地点状语，不可用that。
(2)与主语从句的辨析：
①It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit. ②It's true that they are going to visit the Great Wall.
句①为强调句型，强调的是宾语the Great Wall。该句可还原为：They are going to visit the Great Wall.。
句②为含有一个主语从句的复合句，that 引导的从句是句子的真正主语，it 为形式主语，该句可改为：That they are going to visit the Great Wall is true.。
(3)与状语从句的辨析：
①It was at 8 o'clock that he arrived home. ②It was 8 o'clock when he arrived home.
句①为强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 8 o'clock，该句可还原为：He arrived home at 8 o'clock.。
句②为when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句。
(4)与同位语从句的辨析：
①It is the fact that has made us unhappy. ②It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score.
句①为强调句型，强调的是主语the fact，该句可还原为：The fact has made us unhappy.。
句②为同位语从句，that 引导的同位语从句解释的是fact 的内容。
3．谓语动词的强调
强调句型不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did 或does。
He did write to you last week.他在上周确实给你写信了。
1．It was not until midnight _________________ because of traffic jams.(get)因为交通阻塞直到午夜我们才到家。答案：that we got home
2．I can't figure out ______________ that makes him so difficult at school.(be)。
我弄不明白到底是什么使他在学校(过得)如此难。答案：what it is
1．在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be 动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.(摘自2010浙江高考)实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。
Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。
2．I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省
去。
—Do you think it will rain? ——你认为会下雨吗？
—I hope not (that it will not rain)．——我希望不下。
—Do you believe our team will win? ——你相信我们队会赢吗？
—I guess so. ——我猜会赢。
3．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy; expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。
—Will you join in the game? ——你愿意加入做游戏吗？
—I'd be glad to. ——我很高兴加入。
(2)如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor? ——你是海员吗？
—No, but I used to be. ——不，但我过去是。
1．—Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group? ——您是联想集团的工程师吗？
—No, but I ______________________.(want) ——不是，但我想成为联想集团的工程师。答案：want to be 2．Although ____________________________________ considerable success as an artist, the young man keeps working hard.(achieve)虽然作为一名艺术家取得了相当大的成就，这位年轻人仍然继续努力工作。
答案：he has achieved/having achieved
3．When __________________________ danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.(expose)当面对危险和冲突时，男人往往血压升高，感到紧张和焦虑。答案：(they are) exposed to 1．就近一致原则
(1)由or, either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
[点津]“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/besides/rather than＋名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.(摘自2009陕西高考)
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
(2)在由there, here引起的句子中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
2．意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。
(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。
1．The day before yesterday the police including one officer ____________________________ the murderer in that mountain.(search)前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。答案：were searching for
2．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday still ________________________________________.(remain)
什么时候去哪里带薪休假还有待于决定。答案：remains to be decided
Ⅰ.根据要求改写句子
1．While I was walking along the street, I heard my name called.(用省略句改写)
________________ along the street, I heard my name called.答案：While walking
2．The first book wasn't printed in Europe until 1454.(用强调句改写)
________________ the first book was printed in Europe.答案：It was not until 1454 that
3．We found out the truth only when he returned.(用倒装句改写)
Only when he returned ________________ out the truth.答案：did we find
4．I have never seen such a moving film before.(用倒装句改写)
________________________ such a moving film.答案：Never have I seen
5．Not only two of his friends but also Tom was invited to the party.(用as well as改写)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It was not until she got to the classroom ____________________________________ she had left her textbook in the dormitory.(realize)直到莉莉到了教室才意识到把书落在了宿舍里。答案：that Lily realized
2．__________________ 2008, when a terrible earthquake struck Wenchuan, that the 29th Olympics were held？(be) 第29届奥运会是在2008年即汶川地震那年举行的吗？答案：Was it in
3．Mom used only half of the money, the rest of which ________________________________.(save)
妈妈仅用了一半的钱，其余的节省下来干其他的事。答案：was saved for other purposes
4．Everything is going smoothly because the coach, as well as his team members, ________________.(attach)
因为教练以及他的队员都认为训练很重要，因此一切进展很顺利。答案：attaches importance to training 5．Not until the train pulled into the next station ______________________ her suitcase gone.(find)
直到火车驶进下一站，玛丽才发现她的手提箱不见了。答案：did Mary find
6．So____________________________________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(curious)这对夫妇对野生植物很好奇，他们决定去马达加斯加旅行，进行进一步的研究。
答案：curious were the couple
7．I don't expect children to be rude, ______________________________ them to be disobeyed.(expect)
我期望孩子们不要粗鲁，也期望他们听话。答案：nor/neither do I expect
8．Never before ____________________ to live up to what his parents expect of him.(fail)
以前他从未辜负父母对他的期望。答案：has he failed
9．In my opinion, __________________________________ that China will become one of the most powerful countries in the near future.(doubt)我认为，毋庸置疑，中国在不久的将来将成为最强大的国家之一。
答案：there shouldn't be any doubt
10．Not a single paper ______________________ without spelling mistakes this term.(write)
这学期汤姆没有写过一篇没有拼写错误的文章。答案：did Tom write
必修四Unit 1
Ⅰ.多项选择
1．(2011?江西高考)You can't predict everything.Often things don't ________as you expect.
A．run out B．break out C．work out D．put out
答案：C解析：句意：你不可能预测所有事情，通常事情并不像你所想象的那样发生。本题考查动词词组辨析。work out “成功地发展”；run out “跑出；用完”；break out “突然爆发”；put out “扑灭；生产”。2．(2011?天津高考)She ______ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A．turned down B．dealt with C．took after D．came across
答案：D解析：句意：昨天她在百货商店购物的时候碰到了一位老朋友。本题考查动词短语的辨析。come across “偶遇；碰见”；turn down “拒绝”；deal with “处理；对付”；take after “像；相似”。根据句意选D项。3．(2012?湖北七校联考)—You know what? Tom wants to be Harry Potter after he graduates from school.
—Are you kidding? He will never ________ a person like him.
A．change B．turn C．make D．get
答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。句意：“你知道吗？Tom毕业后想成为哈利?波特”。“你在开玩笑吗？他永远不会成为一个像哈利?波特那样的人”。make可以表示“成为”之意，符合语境。
4．(2012?黑龙江省三市联考)Ann is a great writer and her writings have ________ the lives of millions. A．intended B．influenced C．obtained D．preserved
答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。语意表示Ann的作品“影响”了数百万人的生活，influence “影响”，符合语意。intend “打算”；obtain “获得”；preserve “保存”。
5．—How can we reduce the chances of offending the locals while traveling, Professor?
—________ the local customs and rules, I think.
A．Observe B．Approve C．Support D．Deliver
答案：A解析：句意：“教授，我们怎样才能尽可能在旅游时不冒犯当地人？”“遵守当地的风俗和规定。”observe “遵守”；approve “赞成；认可”；support “支持；拥护”；deliver “递送”。
6．If you do not know how to ________ yourself at table in a foreign country, you should copy the host.
A．dress B．tell C．show D．behave
答案：D解析：句意：如果你在国外不知道就餐时如何做到举止得体，你就应该模仿主人。dress “穿衣服”；tell “告诉”；show “展示”；behave “举止”。由此可以判断正确答案为D, behave oneself “举止规矩”。7．(2012?宜昌质检)In a way, I think we both won —I won the game but you won my ________.
A．support B．favour C．respect D．impression
答案：C解析：句意：在某种程度上，我认为我们俩都赢了——我赢得了比赛，但是你赢得了我的尊敬。support “支持”；favour“赞同”；impression“印象”，均不符合句意；只有respect“尊敬”符合句意，故选C。8．The government has lost a great deal of ________ because of the large increase in food price.
A．strength B．support C．agreement D．vote
答案：B解析：考查名词用法辨析。lose support “失去支持”。vote作“选票”解时，是可数名词，不能与a great deal搭配。
9．The government is planning to start a ________ against smoking, as a response to public demand.
A．struggle B．warning C．campaign D．conflict
答案：C解析：campaign “(社会、政治或商业等的)活动；运动”。句意：应公众要求，政府计划发起禁烟运动。struggle “斗争；奋斗”；warning “警告”；conflict “矛盾；冲突”。
10．________ by the doctor's words, the cancer sufferer made up her mind to fight against the disease.
A．Forced B．Inspired C．Amazed D．Promoted
答案：B解析：句意：受到医生的鼓舞，那名癌症患者决心与病魔作斗争。inspire “鼓舞；激励”；force “强迫”；amaze “使吃惊；惊讶”；promote “提升；促进”。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．______________________________ the university is just the beginning. And you will have a long way to go ahead of you. (admit) 被大学录取仅仅是一个开端。你前面还有很长的路要走。答案：Being admitted to
2．Did you have ________________________________ while you didn't work? (deliver)
在你不上班时，你让别人送牛奶吗？答案：your milk delivered
3．The writer and teacher Smith______________________ millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney. (go) 既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。答案：has gone through
4．Jack is the only one of the few students who ____________________________ in Chinese. (able)
杰克是这几个当中唯一能够用汉语表达自己的学生。答案：is able to express himself
5．The number of children who have lost parents to AIDS________________________ rise to over 26 million in 2012. (expect)因艾滋病而失去双亲的孩子数量预计在2012年将达到二千六百多万。
答案：is expected to
6．It was in a drawer____________________________ some old photographs. (come)
他是在抽屉里意外发现这些旧照片的。答案：that he came across
7．______________________________ the film, you will be moved by it. (see)
一旦你看了这部电影，你就会被它感动。答案：Once you have seen
8．If I sat there__________________________________，how could I ever expect to get paid? (do)
如果我坐在那儿无所事事，我怎么能够指望有报酬呢？答案：doing nothing/without doing anything
9．Only when the match was over____________________________. (able)
只有当下午那场比赛结束时他们才能够离开。答案：were they able to leave
10．As far as I know, gun control is a subject about which______________________ for a long time. (argue)
据我所知，控制枪支问题是一个美国人争论了很长时间的话题。答案：Americans have argued
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2011?黄石一模)Recently, I stopped by a convenience store to get a newspaper and a bottle of drink. The young woman at the check out __1__ said, “That'll be five dollars in all please.”She then __2__ down at the paper I was buying and said, “I'm__3__ all these negative (消极的) words on the front pages. I want to read some __4__ news for a change.”She then said，“__5__，I think someone should just __6__ a good news newspaper —a paper with wonderful, inspirational __7__ about people overcoming difficulty and doing good things for others.”She __8__ me for coming in and said, “Maybe we'll get some good news，”and she__9__. She made my day.
The following day after my business appointments, I __10__ the same store again to pick up bottled water and a newspaper, but a __11__ young lady was behind the counter. As I checked out I said, “Good afternoon” and __12__ her my money. She said nothing —not a word, not a smile or not a __13__. She just gave me my change and __14__ a negative tone ordered “Next！”
It __15__ me right between the eyes: Two people, the same age; one made me feel __16__，but the other, well, made me feel that I had inconvenienced her by __17__.
Every morning, you should ask __18__ this important question：“Who do I want to be today? ‘The Grouch (不高兴的人)’or ‘The Good News Girl’？”. Your answer will go a long way toward __19__ the joy and happiness that you will experience in your __20__.
语篇解读：有一天我去便利店买报纸和水，碰到了一个乐观而开朗的女收银员，我们相谈甚欢，这一天我很快乐；而第二次，我却碰到了另外一个冷漠的女收银员……后来发生了什么呢？让我们从文章中寻找人生的真谛。1．A.bed B．counter C．table D．shop
解析：从下文第二段的counter提示可知，此处表示“收银台”，故选B。
答案：B
2．A.put B．got C．glanced D．turned
解析：她向我买的报纸瞥了一眼(glanced)说：“我早就厌烦了(tired of)头版的那些消极的东西了，我想读些好点儿的(good)东西，换换口味。”这里glance at是固定词组，表示“对……看一眼；瞥见”。
答案：C
3．A.tired of B．interested in C．careful about D．fond of
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：A
4．https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a6206791.html,test B．good C．interesting D．real
解析：参见上面两题解析。这里表达的意思应该与negative相反，所以选good，也可从第6空后的提示得到答案。
答案：B
5．A.In fact B．As usual C．However D．By the way
解析：实际上(In fact)，我认为人们应该出版(publish)一些只有好消息的报纸。
答案：A
6．A.collect B．print C．sell D．publish
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：D
7．A.stories B．ideas C．pictures D．habits
解析：报纸上应该讲些美好的、鼓舞人心的故事，讲述人们如何克服困难……这里用stories表示“故事；事情”，选A项。
答案：A
8．A.told B．thanked C．praised D．congratulated
解析：这个女收银员对我能够光顾他们的便利店表示了感谢，所以用thanked。
答案：B
9．A.did B．agreed C．laughed D．pointed
解析：从上文可知，我们告别的时候，彼此都很高兴，所以她应该是“笑着”跟我说再见的，用laughed。
答案：C
10．A.dropped by B．stood by C．brought in D．took in
解析：第二天，我又顺路经过这家店。drop by表示“顺便经过”；stand by表示“站在……旁边”；bring in表示“引进”；take in表示“欺骗；让……进入”，根据语意选A项。
答案：A
11．A.beautiful B．different C．clever D．stupid
解析：从上下文可知，这次的收银员不是上次的那个，用different。
答案：B
12．A.carried B．passed C．handed D．showed
解析：我买了报纸和水后，给了她钱，所以用handed，表示“交给……”。
答案：C
13．A.gesture B．movement C．shake D．problem
解析：但这个收银员什么也没说，微笑也没有，甚至连一个手势都没有。所以根据上下文，该空用gesture，表示“手势；姿势”。
答案：A
14．A.for B．at C．through D．in
解析：in a negative tone表示“用消极的语调”，故选D。
答案：D
15．A.caught B．hit C．pushed D．saw
解析：从上下文可知，这让我非常震撼。此处hit表示“使某人突然想起”。
答案：B
16．A.great B．sad C．excited D．disappointed
解析：从上文可知，第一个收银员让我感觉非常好，所以用great，但第二个收银员给我的感觉好像是我的出现(showing up)给她带来了很多麻烦和不便。
答案：A
17．A.moving on B．going away C．showing up D．showing off
解析：参见上题解析。move on表示“向前进；继续”；go away表示“走开”；show off表示“炫耀”，都与语境不符。
答案：C
18．A.her B．them C．yourself D．themselves
解析：从上下文可知，你每天早上都要问问自己，所以用反身代词yourself。
答案：C
19．A.creating B．determining C．sharing D．forming
解析：从语境可知，这将决定着(determining)你人生(life)中要经历的幸福和快乐。此处determine表示“决定”。create “创造”；share “分享”；form “形成”，都与语境不符。
答案：B
20．A.home B．office C．study D．life
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：D
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2012?沈阳四校协作体高三阶段测试)When 47-year-old volunteer Susan Boyle stepped onto the stage of Britain's Got Talent and announced she was unemployed, had never been married and “never been kissed, actually”，few in the audience would have wondered why. This Ms Boyle, looking unfashionable, from a village in Scotland, shocked the three judges and the audience with the song I dreamed a dream from the musical Les Miserables on a show of Britain's Got Talent, one of the hottest reality shows in Britain.
She couldn't hide the awkwardness when walking to the center of the stage in a housedress, and everyone — including the judges — seemed laughing at her when she said she wanted to be as successful as Elaine Paige. As soon as she began singing, however, everyone in the auditorium fell silent, then rose within seconds to applaud her incredible voice as the celebrity judges sat open-mouthed, and remained standing to the end.
After her performance, one of the judges Piers Morgan said，“Without doubt that was the biggest surprise I've had in three years of this show. When you stood there everyone was laughing at you.No one is laughing now. That was amazing.”Actress Amanda Holden followed，“I'm so thrilled because I know that we everybody were against you.I honestly think that we were all being very cynical (愤世嫉俗的) and I think that's the biggest wake-up call ever.”Susan obviously won over the hearts of millions around the world with sensation spreading across the Atlantic. Hollywood actors Ashton Kutcher and Demi Moore — who between them have nearly 1.5 million followers — speak highly of her. Kutcher posted a link to the video clip (片段). The Scottish talent made her live American debut via satellite connection on CBS's The Early Show, doing an interview and singing live from her room. And she already accepted an invitation from talk show hostess Oprah Winfrey.
Now Boyle has become one of the world's hottest celebrities. The video clip of her performance has been viewed more than 50 million times on Youtube, becoming a hit on the Internet.
语篇解读：正如一位哲人所说，“小人物也有大梦想”。在英国，47岁的妇女Susan Boyle也有自己的追求和梦想。那么她来到“英国达人秀”会有怎样的经历呢？她最终会成功吗？
1．We learn from the passage that Susan Boyle ________.
A．rose from a low social class B．had an unhappy marriage
C．lived with a dog alone on a farm D．won the championship in the Britain's Got Talent show 解析：推理判断题。从文章第一段中的“she was unemployed, had never been married and ‘never been kissed, actually’”和“from a village in Scotland”这些信息可推知，Susan Boyle来自社会的底层，所以选A项。
答案：A
2．At the beginning of the show, almost everybody ________.
A．looked forward to her wonderful performance B．was attracted by her beautiful dress
C．looked down upon her D．placed great hope on her
解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段中的“everyone —including the judges —seemed laughing at her”可知，人们最初都嘲笑她，看不起她。答案选C项。
答案：C
3．We can infer that ________ contributed most to her global popularity.
A．the judges B．the Internet C．the newspaper D．the advertisement
解析：推理判断题。从文章最后一段的内容可推知，她红遍全球要归功于互联网的传播，答案选B项。
答案：B
4．The 4th paragraph is intended to tell us ________.
A．how Susan Boyle achieved her success B. the comment made by American actor Ashton Kutcher C．Susan Boyle's influence in the USA D．Oprah Winfrey's invitation to Susan Boyle
解析：段落大意题。通读文章第四段的内容可推知，该段主要讲述Susan Boyle在美国的影响，据此选C项。答案：C
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
一、语法一致 1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。 2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如： Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。 The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。 注意事项： （1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。 The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。 There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。 Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。 Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。 Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。 （2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。 （3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。 3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如： The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。 The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。 Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。 4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,
主谓一致与特殊句式跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 主谓一致 1 (2018·湖南湘西) —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? —______. It’s just between my house and a post office. A. Yes, it is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there is 2.（2018·四川自贡）24. — Did your father use to _______ to work? —Yes, but now he likes using public transportation. He is used to _______ the bus. A. drive; taking B. driving; taking C. driving; take 3.(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life. A. be B. am C. is. D. are 4. （2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and wi th the development of China economy, they better care of in the future. A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take 5.(2018·四川达州)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A. where show B. which show C. that shows D. who shows 6.(2018·江苏苏州) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie. —Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name. A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered 7. (2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》). A.is B. are C. am D. be 8.(2018·甘肃武威)19. Our city is cleaner than it __________ be. A. is used to B. used to C. uses to D. is used 9. (2017·四川眉山)— How many _____ doctors are there in your hospital, David？ — _____ them _____ over one hundred. A. woman; The number of: is B. women; A number of; are
第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致 特殊句式 [深化认知] 一、倒装句 (一)部分倒装 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off. 直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。 2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 (2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。 3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss. 他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 5．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 Hard as they tried，they couldn't make her change her mind. 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。 (二)全部倒装 1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。 2．such置于句首时。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。 [名师指津]此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 二、省略句 1．复合句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are)stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
特殊句式之——（1）倒装句一、完全倒装： 练习： 1.For a moment nothing happened. Then___all shouting together. A.voices had come B.came voices B.C.voices would come D.did voices come 2.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___. A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief B.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief 二、部分倒装
Eg. Helen likes music ，so she does. 练习： 1.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent___ properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients treated B.can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated D.treated can be the patients 2.Not once___ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. A.occurred it B.it did occur C.it occurred D.did it occur 3.——I reminded you not to forget the appointment. ——____. A. So you did B. So I do not C.So did you D.So do I 三、形式倒装（强调作用）
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a6206791.html, 特殊句式之倒装句(上) 作者：朱忠乐 来源：《作文周刊（高中·人教版）》2010年第24期 《考试大纲》指出,在中学阶段,学生应理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。宾语前置句属于倒装句的一种(其他几种分别为:主谓倒装句、定语后置句和状语后置句),了解并掌握宾语前 置的文言句式,对学生正确翻译句子,了解文意,提高文言文阅读能力有很大的帮助。下面我们就针对在高中课本中出现的宾语前置的情况进行简要的归类分析。 从大的方向来看,宾语前置一般分为两大类型,即动词宾语前置和介词宾语前置。 一、动词宾语前置 文言文中宾语提到动词前的情况有两种: 1.否定句中代词作宾语,有两个必须满足的条件就是“否定句”和“代词”。这是判断文句是不是宾语前置的标准之一。否定句就是表示否定的句子,无论句中是有否定副词“不、弗、未、非、否、毋”,还是有表示否定的动词“无”、不定代词“莫”,这种句子都叫否定句。如果在这种句子中,它的宾语是代词,那么,宾语一般放在谓语动词之前、否定词之后。如“保民而王,莫之能御也”(《齐桓晋文之事》)一句中有否定代词“莫”和代词“之”,宾语“之”放在谓语动词之前、否定词之后,所以这句话属于宾语前置,其正常语序应该为“保民而王,莫能御之也”,翻译为“保全百姓而称王,没有谁能够抵挡他”。 2.疑问句中代词作宾语,有两个必须满足的条件就是“疑问句”和“代词”。这也是判断文句是不是宾语前置的标准之一。在古代并没有标点符号断句,所以在阅读古文典籍的时候,文句句末并没有问号,那么我们可以通过疑问代词来判断它是不是疑问句。在古代汉语里,疑问代词一般有“何、谁、恶(作代词时读wū)、安、焉、胡、奚、曷、孰等”。如“大王来何操?”(《鸿门宴》)一句中有明显的问号提示,同时又有疑问代词“何”,所以这句话属于宾语前置,其正常语序应该为“大王来操何”,翻译为“大王来的时候拿了什么东西没有”。 综合以上两点,我们必须明确以下几方面内容: 1.判断动词宾语前置的标准是“在否定句或在疑问句中,代词作宾语的时候要前置”。如果宾语不是代词,即使整个句子是否定句或疑问句,也不会把宾语前置。如“时天下承平日久,自王侯 以下莫不逾侈”(《张衡传》)一句中虽然出现了不定代词“莫”,但不属于宾语前置。 2.常用的代词有“我”“吾”“余”“彼”“女”“尔”“之”等,有些词(如“君”“子”“等”)虽然有一定的称代作用,但因为它们终究不是代词,而是名词,所以,即使在否定句中作宾语也不前置。如“山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处”(《白雪歌送武判官归京》)一句中,“君”在这里作名词,所以这句话不属于宾语前置。
【倒装】 16. --Hello，Zhu Hua. I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year. --________! A. What time flies B. How time flies C. What does time fly D. How does time fly 17. During the war，________but also he lost his wife and his child. A. not was his job in the lab taken away B. not only was his job in the lab taken away C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away D. not just was taken away his job in the lab 18. --We have to stop talking here outside. Listen，________! --Hurry up，or we’ll be late. A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell go C. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there 19. I think this is the first time that we have met. __________anywhere. A. Before have we nev er seen each other B. Never before we have seen each other C. Each other have we seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other 20. __________! You should take this chance to attend it. A. How important conference is it B. How an important conference it is C. What an important conference is it D. What an important conference it is 21. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. __，she could have made the party more exciting. A. If she came B. Would she come C. Had she come D. Did she come 22. They finally managed to climb to the top，but ________then. A. went the children down the hill B. down the hill did the children go C. down the hill went the children D. down the hill the children went 23. I received his mother’s tele phone call at eleven. _____that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday. A. Then did I know B. Only then I knew C. Only then did I know D. Only then knew I 24. --What sport do you like best? --Springboard diving (跳板跳水). __________to dive into water from high board! A. What a fun is it B. How fun it is C. How a fun is it D. What fun it is 25. --The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained. --__________.He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day. A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldn’t my grandpa C. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldn’t my grandpa 26. By no means __________to our plan for the trip. A. will she agree B. she will agree C. agrees she D. will agree she 27.The child tiptoed quietly to the bird. _____into the forest when he was about to catch it. A. Flew it away B. Away flew it C. Away it flew D. Flew away it 28. Little Tom is an orphan. __________，he has to make a living by himself. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. Child as is he D. A child though he is 29. Hardly had she walked out of the woods ___she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree. A. than B. until C. since D. when 30. We have been on duty for four hours and __________. A. now comes your turn B. now does your turn come C. now your turn comes D. comes now your turn 31. We haven’t seen each other for many months. __________! A. What I missed you B. What did I miss you C. How I missed you D. How did I miss you
高中文言文特殊句式：倒装句之宾语前置 动词可以带宾语，介词也可以带宾语。在文言文里，宾语通常也是放在动词或介词后边。在文言文里，宾语前置是有条件的。 文言文中宾语提到动词前面，大致有三种情况： (1)否定句中代词作宾语，宾语置于动词前。所谓否定句是表示否定的句子，即凡句中有否定副词“不”、“弗”、“未”、“非”、“否”、“毋”或表示否定的动词“无”或无定代词“莫”，这种句子叫否定句。如果它的宾语是代词，一般放在动词谓语之前。如： ①古之人不余欺也。(苏轼《石钟山记》) ②世溷浊而莫余知兮，吾方高驰而不顾。(屈原《离骚》) (2)疑问句中，疑问代词作宾语，放在动词谓语之前。 在古汉语里，使用频率高的疑问代词为“何”字，其他还有“谁、孰、恶、安、焉、胡、奚、曷”等，它们作宾语时，也放在动词谓语之前。如： ①良问曰：“大王来何操？” (司马迁《鸿门宴》) ②沛公安在？(司马迁《鸿门宴》) (3)用“之”或“是”把宾语提到动词前，以加重语气。这种现象古汉语中并不多见。如： ①譬若以肉投馁虎，何功之有哉！
②句读之不知，惑之不解。(韩愈《师说》) ③去我三十里，惟命是听。 表示动作对象的单一性和强调宾语，往往用“唯(惟)……是……”和“唯(惟)……之……”等格式，可将副词“唯(惟)”译成“只”“只是”或“专”“一定”等，而助词“之”“是”是提宾的标志，不译。如成语“唯利是图”“惟命是从”“唯你是问”“唯才是举”等，就是这种格式。 文言文中，常见的介词有“于”、“以”、“为”、“与”、“从”、“自”、“向”等，它们往往与后面的名词或名词短语结合，组成介词结构。这些在介词后的名词或名词性短语，叫介词宾语。介词宾语一般放在介词之后，文言文中在以下情况时放在介词前： (1)疑问代词作宾语，一般放在介词前。如： ①王问：“何以知之？” ②微斯人，吾谁与归？(范仲淹《岳阳楼记》) (2)介词宾语不是疑问代词，但是为了强调它，也放在介词的前面，这种情况最常见的是介词“以”的宾语前置。如： ①余是以记之。 ②一言以蔽之。(成语) (3)介词宾语是方位词，也放在介词的前面。如： 项王、项伯东向坐；亚父南向坐——亚父者，范增也；沛公北向坐；张良西向侍。(司马迁《鸿门宴》)
十、主谓一致和特殊句式 1. The lake is calm and clear，and one of the things that ________ in the water is the famous tower. A．reflects B．reflect C．is reflected D．are reflected 答案 D [考查主谓一致。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映在水里的物体之一是著名的高塔。 在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”的句式中定语从句的谓语用复数。] 2．This series of products ________ in special price for a month to promote its sales from next tenth. A．are B．is to be C．has been D．would be 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：从下个月十号开始，这系列的产品会以特殊的价格促销一个月以提高销量。series of与后面的名词构成名词短语时谓语动词用单数。] 3．The teacher as well as the students ________ planting trees. A．are B．is C．has D．have 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：老师和同学们在植树。as well as句型中的谓语动词与主语一致，即要与“teacher”保持一致，故选择B项。] 4．We each ________ strong points and each of us，on the other hand，________ weak points. A．have；has B．have；have C．has；have D．has；has 答案 A [句意：我们每个人都有长处；从另一方面说，我们每个人也都有弱点。第一个分句的主语是we，each是we的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；第二个分句的主语是不定代词each，谓语动词用单数。on the other hand是插入语。] 5．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A．is B．are C．has D．have 答案 C [句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很大声的音乐会导致很多青少年听力受损。动名词短语作主语，句子谓语动词用单数形式，根据caused判断，此处用has，构成现在完成时。] 6．—________ the team finished most of their research work? —Yes，but the rest ________ rather difficult. A．Has；are B．Has；is C．Have；are D．Have；is
高考英语语法复习专题 ------ 特殊句式 一、考点聚焦 倒装句 部分倒装 1. 否定意义的词或短语，位于句首，需部分倒装。如否定词no, not, never；半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few；no合成的代词或副词nobody, nothing, nowhere；否定的短语not until, by no means, in no way, in no time, under no circumstances。 No word did he say before he left. Never had I heard or seen such a thing. Little did I know about it. Nowhere will you find better roses than theses. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth. By no means shall we give up. 2. not only (merely, alone, simply)…(but) also 连接两个并列分句，前一分句需倒装。 Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive. 注意：Not only you but also I（连接并列主语不倒装）will attend the meeting. 3. neither…nor连接两个并列分句，前后两个分句都倒装。 Neither did they write nor did they telephone. Neither is he wrong nor are you. Neither could I help you, nor could he. Neither French nor German do I know. Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons. 注意：Neither you nor I（连接并列主语不倒装）like this book. 4. Only + 状语，位于句首，需部分倒装。 Only when I got there did I know the truth. Only in the morning can you meet him. Only him did I see yesterday. 注意：Only Li Lei（修饰主语不倒装）can answer this question. 5. 在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中，省略if，将were, had, should移到句首，需部分倒装。 Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it. Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 6. as / though引导让步状语从句时，用部分倒装。 Old as / though he is, he works like a young man. Much as I admire her, I can’t forgive her faults. Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed. In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts. 注意：Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society. （表语是单数可数名词，倒装时省略名词前的a/an）
高三下期英语二轮复习专题学案 主谓一致和特殊句式专项讲解 主谓一致的核心考点 1.就近一致原则 (1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. (2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject. ②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer. (3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. ②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 3.语法一致原则 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. ②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
2018届高考语法专项主谓一致和特殊句式 一主谓一致 一、主谓一致的基础“3原则” 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 ◆Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。