Positive Psychology – Lecture 1
Tal Ben-Shahar
Hi Good morning. It's wonderful to be back here. Wonderful to see you here. I'm teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergrad here. This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught, nor does it mean that it is the right class for you. But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you. I came here in 1992 And then I had a mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year. I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers. I was doing well academically. I was doing well in athletics. I was playing squash at that time. I was doing well socially. Everything was going well.
Except for the fact. That I was unhappy. And I didn't understand why. It was then in a matter of moments, that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier.
And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology with a single question: how can I become happier? Over time I did become happier. What contributed most to my happiness was when I encountered a new emerging field But essentially research that falls under or within the field of positive psychology. Positive psychology, studying it, applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier. It continues to make me happier. And it was when I realized the impact that it had on me that I decided to share it with others. That's when I decided that I wanted to be a teacher and teach in this field. So this is positive psychology, psychology 1504. And we'll be exploring this new, relatively new and fascinating field. And hopefully, we will be exploring more than the field ourselves.
When I first taught this class that was back in 2002, I taught it at a seminar and had eight students. Two dropped out. That left me with six. The year after, the class became slightly larger. I had over three hundred students. And then third year when I taught it which was the last time, I had 850 students in the class, making it at that point the largest course at Harvard. And that's when the media became interested. Because they wanted to understand why. They wanted to understand this phenomenon that "here you have a class, that's larger than Introduction to Economics". How could that be? So I was invited by the media for interviews, whether it was newspapers, radio, television. And I started to notice a pattern during those interviews. So I would walk into the interview. We would have the interview. And afterwards, the producer or the interviewer would walk me out and say something to the effects of "well thank you Tal for the interview. But you know I expected you to be different".
And I would ask, as nonchalant as I could of course. I didn't really care but had to ask anyway, "how different?" And they would say, "Well you know, we expected you to be more outgoing."
Next interview, the end of the interview, same thing. "Thank you for doing the interview. But you know Tal, I expected you to be
different." And once again, nonchalant of course. "Well you know, we expected you to be less, less introversit." Next interview, same thing. "How different?" "Well, you know, more extroverted. More outgoing." Next interview. "Well, you know, less shy." Coz I get very nervous in interviews.
Interview after interview, literally dozens. More outgoing, more cheerful. Less introverted, more extroverted. And on and on. But here is the best one. So this is one of the local channels here around Boston. I was going to the interview. We had a quite long interview, which I thought was actually pretty good. And at the end of the interview, the interviewer is a very jolly guy. He walks me out and puts his hands on my shoulder, and says, "thank you very much for doing the interview." And then the usual comes. "But you know Tal, I expected you to be different." And I said, "How different?" Just so you understand, by this time, my self-esteem is short. But still with some resemblance of nonchalance I asked, "how different?" And he looks at me and says, "Well I don't know Tal. I expected you to be taller." Taller? What? Five seven, well ok five six and a half is not enough to teach happiness? And I thought about it. I thought about it a lot. The whole pattern from the beginning.
And I think I understand why they expected someone different. You see they had to explain to themselves as well as the audience, "how come this lecture is larger than the Introduction to Economics?" And the way to explain it must be that the teacher is very outgoing, extremely charismatic, very cheerful and extrovert and of course, tall. Well, there is one L missing there. But... Yeah. If only. So the problem though is that they were looking in the wrong place for the explanation. In other words, they were looking at the messenger. What they needed to look at was the message. Now how do I know that? You see because I see other positive psychology classes on other campuses around the country and around the world.
There are over 200 hundred campuses here in United States that teach positive
psychology. On almost every campus where this class is taught, it's either one of the or the largest class. It's about the message. I see more and more organizations taking up positive psychology in their, as consultant companies, some of them the leading big consultant companies are taking it on. More and more high schools are introducing positive psychology class. ***** Elementary schools are introducing it. The governments around the world are expressing interest in this new emerging field. Why? Because it works. Because it really works. You see this whole realm on life flourishing, on happiness, on well-being has been until recently dominated by the self-health movement. What do we have in the self-health movement? We have books that are very interesting, that are very accessible. We have speakers who are very outgoing, very charismatic and tall, attracting the masses into these workshops, seminars and lectures. But, there is a very big "but" here. Many of these books, many of these workshops and seminars
lack substance. Very often, overpromising and under-delivering.
So these are five things you need to know to be happy. The three things to be the great leader. The one secret of success, happiness and a perfect love life. Overpromising. Under-delivering. On the other hand, we have academia. What do we have in academia? We have a lot of rigor, a lot of substance. We have datas analyzed, reanalyzed and meta-analyzed. Things that actually work, good stuff. But, and there is also a very big "but" here. Very few people read refereed academic journals. I mean Think about it: how many people outside this room of course have read the last twelve issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology? Most people don't even know what that means. The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal article is read by seven people. You know... And that includes the author's mother. So you know I say half in jest but it's actually really sad. Because...certainly sad for me, as an academic. Because these things are good. They
But not accessible to most people. And this is where positive psychology comes in. And this is also where this class comes in. The explicit mandate of positive psychology as well as of this class is to create a bridge between Ivory tower and mainstreet. In other words, it is to bring the rigor, the substance, the empirical foundation, the science from academia and merge it with accessibility of the self-help or New Age movement.
In a way the best of both worlds. And this explains the popularity of the field of positive psychology: science that works. This class will be taught on two levels. The first level it will be taught as any other class in psychology or any of the classes you've taken here. You'll be introduced here to studies, to research, to rigorous academic work. You'll be writing paper, academic paper. You'll be taking exams. Just like every other class. But then it will also be taught at the second level, which is for every paper that you'll read, every paper that you'll write, you'll always be thinking, "Ok, how can I take these ideas and apply them to my life? How can I apply them to my relationship? How can I apply them to my community?" Two levels. The academic. Applied. I did not just introduce whether it's in the readings or in the lectures ideas just because they are interesting for the sake of the idea. It is always an idea that is both rigorous and can be applied. Just a few words about housekeeping.
第一课 各位，早上好。很高兴能回到这里。 高兴见到你们。 我教授这门课是因为在我读本科阶段时非常希望能学习这样一门课程。 可能这门课并不是你希望的那样也可能并不适合你。 但希望几堂课后，你能有个大概印象让你决定这门课程是否适合你。 我1992年来到哈佛求学，一开始主修计算机科学。 大二期间，突然顿悟了。 我意识到我身处让人神往大学校园周围都是出色的同学，优秀的导师。 我成绩优异。擅长体育运动。那时壁垒打的不错。社交也游刃有余。 一切都很顺利除了一点我不快乐。而且我不明白为什么。 也就是在那时我决定要找出原因变得快乐。 于是我将研究方向从计算机科学转向了哲学及心理学。 目标只有一个:怎么让自己开心起来。 渐渐的，我的确变得更快乐了主要是因为我接触了一个新的领域，那时并未正式命名。 但本质上属于积极心理学畴。 研究积极心理学把其理念应用到生活中让我无比快乐。 而且这种快乐继续着。 于是我决定将其与更多的人分享。 选择教授这门学科。 这就是积极心理学，1504号心理学课程。 我们将一起探索这一全新相对新兴令人倾倒的领域。 希望同时还能探索我们自己。 我第一次开设这门课程是在2002年。 是以讨论会的形式，只有8名学生。两名退出了只剩我和其他六个人。一年后学生稍微多了点。有300多人参加。到了第三年，也就是上一次开课。 有850名参加是当时哈佛大学人数最多的课程。 这引起了媒体的注意。因为他们想知道为什么。 他们对这一奇特现象非常好奇竟然有比经济学导论更热门的课程。怎么可能呢？ 于是我被请去参加各类媒体采访，报纸，广播，电视。 在这些采访中，我发现了一种有趣的模式。 我前去参加采访。进行采访。 结束后，制片人或主持人会送我出来。说些诸如Tal多你抽空参加采访。 不过你跟我想象的不太一样的话。 我漫不经心的问。 我无所谓，不过总得回应“有何不同？” 他们会说“这个嘛，我们会以为你很外向”。 下一次采访结束时仍是如此“多接受采访”。 不过Tal，你跟我想象得不太一样。
幸福课第四讲 大家好！我们是“哈佛召回“组合，想向教员和同学们传达一份特殊的情人节讯息。 早上好！请他们献歌时，本来想选另一首歌，但是…算了吧。我们确实爱你们！今天课程的内容是上节课的延续，是这门课的基本前提“我们来自哪里，我们将去哪里”从各个方面展开论述螺旋的基础。我们将在本学期一起创建它！ 上次我们讲到改变有多么困难。我们谈到“双胞胎研究”。举例说明了Lykken和Tellegen提出的“也许改变我们幸福水平和试图改变身高一样困难和徒劳无功”。然后谈到这些研究学者们犯的一般性的失误和错误，误解改变的本质。因为如果一个人在改变，问题已不再是“是否可能改变？”而是“怎样才可能改变”。还谈到剑桥-萨默维尔研究，证明劳斯莱斯干预彻底失败。五年来，剑桥、哈佛和麻省理工的顶尖科学家、研究人员、精神病专家和心理学家沥尽心血，带着美好的意图实施改变，但最终失败。不仅没有实现正面的改变，实际上是带去了负面的改变。 还记得吗？干预组的酗酒比例和对照组相比是增加的。未参与干预的对照组更有可能在二三十年后获得升职。改变是困难的，但我们又说“Marva Collins实现了改变，所以改变是可能的”Martin Seligmen 和Karen Reivich 及大量学者都成功地实现改变。困难在于，如果我们想成为实践理想主义者，就要理解是什么带来改变然后去做，传播理念、传播研究的理念。即使研究并非总是传达好消息，它传达的是
行之有效的方法。可为的方式而不是空洞的梦想、渴望、希望、愿望，那远远不够。好的意愿、理想主义、好的意图是不够的。我们需要扎根于研究。这正是Maslow的想法。当他谈及类似的曼哈顿计划时。科学家、积极心理学家、当时的心理学家、社学科学工作者聚在一起，在流行学术领域中挑选出几种观念、几个有效的项目，再复制它们，研究最好的。正如Mariam同学课后找到我时说的“流行学术其实是要将杰出大众化”我喜欢这个说法。 将杰出大众化，研究最好的再应用在其他人身上。我们有了这样一个伟大的计划，有了Maslow创造类似曼哈顿计划的伟大想法。但是如果我不想参与计划？不想成为学者？只想做自己的事，我能否实现改变？答案是，绝对能够。人若想在世间有所为，真正实现改变，面对的最显著障碍之一是他们低估自己实现改变的能力。心理学界有很多研究。爱默生和莫斯科维奇是先驱。他们和其他学者都证明少数人，经常是一个人，如何实现重大改变，能实现显著的改变。爱默生说“人类历史是少数派和一个人的少数派的权力记录。”很多社会科学研究支持这个观点。人类学家Margaret Mead说“永远不要怀疑一小群，有思想，坚定的市民可以改变世界。事实上，正是这群人改变着世界”。所有改变从一个人或一小众人的思想开始，然后不断扩大。问题是“它如何扩大”以及为什么我们难以理解我们能够做出改变这个事实。并接受“被同化以及据此生活。”如果我们能了解我们需要理解的，是改变如何发生，改变以指数级发生，我们与其他人的联系及他们与更多人的联系，形成了一个指数函数。可以用你们熟习的“蝴蝶效应”
Outline of 13th lesson Carp Diem. Seize the day.→self-concordance English version: Conclusion: to pursuit things we care about and feel enjoyable; set up the overall goal to resolve internal conflicts; motivated and devote more, so enhance the possibility of success. Benefits of self-concordance: 1、Setting self-concordant goals can potentially make us happier. Because we are pursuing something we care about, it is more likely to reinforce our enjoyment of the journey. 2、Having self-concordance goals-having goals in general, but in particular self-concordant goals, resolve internal conflicts. 3、It increases the likelihood of success. Individuals who set-concordant goals are more motivated-they are more likely to work hard, to put their all in whatever it is-that they are doing. In practice, there is a lot of research on it. There is a lot of researches shows when we are engaged in a self-concordant goal, we are much more likely to then continue to pursue self-concordant goals. The goals of self-concordant have a trickle effect. Choosing to do things doing what we want to do has also health benefits. When we choose, when we want to, it has implications to our well being, to our success, and to our physical health to the point of leading to longer life. Too easy is not necessarily good. Finally we see this also in oppressive regimes versus democracies. One of the main reasons why people are happier under democracies and remember that is one of few external circumstances that can predict happiness-one of the reasons is because under democracies, people have choice. When you have a choice, which is a good
哈佛公开课：幸福课 Harvard Open Course : Positive Psychology 背景： “幸福课”是2010年哈佛最受欢迎的选修课是，听课人数超过了王牌课《经济学导论》。教这门课的是一位名不见经传的年轻讲师，泰勒?本－沙哈尔。他的课程使得他成了“哈佛红人”。他提出：幸福，是可以通过学习和练习获得的。”他的课程目标在于把艰深的积极心理学学术成果简约化、实用化，让学生懂得自我帮助。 第一课什么是积极心理学 积极心理学课程由来 首先，解释自己为什么想开这门课“因为这是我自己想上的一门课”，然后叙述自己走入积极心理学研究的过程。——当自己刚进入哈佛，一切都仿佛很好，但他却不快乐。于是他想解决这个问题，于是慢慢从计算机走入心理学领域。（好棒的跨度，在国外因为想了解一样东西而跨专业好像蛮common的） 然后介绍了他逐渐从8个人的讨论组到850个人的大课的过程，写到达到850人后，引起了媒体的兴趣，然后描述了媒体采访他的时候，总是提出的一个问题“你比我们想象的更内向”，作为一个joke，1米7不够资格传授快乐吗？（good joke point，并且不光是joke，是发人深思的一种现象）但点出了他最后反思而得：因为他们想给自己一个答案：为什么这个课这样流行，唯一解释就是导师乐观开朗、高大。但他们关注错了，他们应该关注信息，而非传达者。因为这个课程遍及全国，以及全球。（这样引入幸福课的普及，远较直接说XX学校也开了XX好得多） 各个大学开设此课程，各国政府也是，为什么？因为它有效。幸福感这一领域，此前一直被心理自助运动统治，心理自助运动带来什么？热情外向的宣讲者，常具领袖气质，吸引大众参加他们的讲座，但常常言过其实。（通过描述相对立的一种心理学运动来映衬积极心理学） 再来说说学术界——（引入人们对学术界知之甚少，但学术界有好东西，又用了一个比较）：有多少人度过最近12期的《个性与社会心理学》？大多数人甚至不知道这是什么东西，我博士班的班主任估计过，学术期刊上一篇文章的读者只有7个人，甚至包括作者的母亲。（用具体的人代替somebody，令人更有亲切感，母亲的joke两个亮点）总结：作为学者，我觉得这很可悲，因为这些研究非常精彩、非常重要，但是晦涩难懂，所以我们需要积极心理学的课程，在象牙塔和大众之间搭建桥梁。（又落脚到主题，本课程的意义）
世界名校公开课--下载汇总 第一部分：全是有中文字幕的 更新的香港公开大学开放课程：投资者教育讲座：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2849967/ 1 耶鲁大学开放课程：心理学导论： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2827597/ 2 耶鲁大学开放课程：博弈论： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2832107/ 3 耶鲁大学开放课程—哲学：死亡： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2824902/ 4 耶鲁大学开放课程：金融市场： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2830134/ 5 耶鲁大学开放课程：聆听音乐： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2832525/
6 哈佛大学开放课程：公正：该如何做是好？：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2803004/ 7 耶鲁大学开放课程：有关食物的心理学，生物学和政治学：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2844937/ 8 耶鲁大学开放课程：天体物理学之探索和争议：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2844166/ 9 耶鲁大学开放课程：美国内战与重建，1845-1877：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2842436/ 10 耶鲁大学开放课程：1871年后的法国： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2835256/ 11 耶鲁大学开放课程：古希腊历史简介： https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2832522/ 12 耶鲁大学开放课程：1648-1945年的欧洲文明：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/topics/2832611/
哈佛大学公开课–公正迈克尔.桑德尔教授主讲-<<杀人道德的侧面>> 由Graywolf_Robbie整理 这段时间一直在学习著名大学的公开课程,如哈佛大学的[该如何是好],[幸福课],[心理学],耶鲁大学的[金融市场],[博弈论],[心理学导论][死亡],普林斯顿大学的[领导能力简介],[人性],还有斯坦福大学的[经济学],[商业领袖和企业家].等等,下载了很多视频,上班看,下班也看,感觉著名大学授课方式与理论水平真不是盖的.一听就上瘾了.所以就想把视频里面的资料再取出来再复习一下,温故而知新.以下本文取自[该如何是好]课程的第一课.我觉得非常精彩. 这是一门讨论公正的课程，我们以一则故事作为引子: 假设你是一名电车司机，你的电车以60km\小时的速度形式在轨道上飞驰，突然发现在轨道的尽头有五名工人在施工，你无法令电车停下来，因为刹车坏了，此时你极度绝望,因为你深知,如果电车撞向那五名工人，他们会全部死亡。假设你对此确信无疑,你极为无助，直到你发现在轨道的右侧还有一条侧轨，而在侧轨的尽头，只有一名工人在那里施工，而你的方向盘并没有坏，只要你想，就可以把电车转到侧轨上去，牺牲一个人而挽救五个人. 下面是我们的第一个问题：何为正确的选择？换了你会怎么做？我们来做个调查，有多少人会把电车开到侧轨上去？有多少人会让电车继续往前开？选择往前开的,请不要把手放下. 测试结果表明:只有少数人选择继续开下去，而大部分人都选择转弯。我们先来听听大家的想法，探究一下原因？你们会认为这是正确的选择。先从大多数选择了转向侧轨的同学开始，为何要这样选择？理由是什么？有没有自告奋勇的. 学生A：我认为当可以只牺牲一个人时，牺牲五个人是不正确的选择。 教授：当可以只牺牲一个人时，牺牲五个人是不正确的选择，这理由不错，还有其他理由吗？人人都赞成这个理由吗？ 学生B:我认为这和9.11的时候是一种情况，那些让飞机在宾州坠毁的人，被视为英雄，因为他们选择牺牲了自己，而不是让飞机撞向大楼牺牲更多的人。 教授：这么看来这条原则和9.11是一样的，虽然是悲剧，但牺牲一个人保全五个人依然是更正确的选择。这就是大多数人选择把电车开到侧轨上去的理由吗？现在我们来听听少数派的意见。那些人选择不转弯的. 学生C：我认为这与种族灭绝和极权主义正名是同一种思维，为了一个种族生存下来，以灭绝另一个种族为代价。 教授：那换了是你在这种情况下会怎么做？为了避免骇人听闻的种族灭绝，你打算直接开上去把这五个人撞死吗？ 学生C:大概会吧。 教授：我们来考虑一下另一种情况下的例子，看看你们大多数人会不会坚持刚才的原则（即牺牲一个人保全五个人是更好的选择），这次你不是电车司机，只是一名旁观者，你站在桥上俯瞰电车轨道，电车沿轨道从远处驶来，轨道尽头有五名工人，电车刹车坏了，这五名工人将被撞死，但你不是电车司机，你真的爱莫能助，但是你真得不是电车司机,直到你发现，在你的旁边靠着桥站着一个超级大胖子，你可以选择推他一把，他就会摔下桥，正好摔在轨道上挡住电车，他必死无疑，但是可以拯救五个人的生命。 现在，有多少人愿意选择把胖子推下去？有多少人不会？通过举手调查结果，大多数人没有选择推胖子下去，一个显而易见的问题出现了我们“牺牲一个人保全五个人”的这条原则，到底出了什么问题？第一种情况的时候，大多数人会赞成的这条原则怎么了，两种情况下你们都属于多数派，你们是怎么想的？应该如何来解释这两种情况的区别？ 学生D：我认为第二种情况牵涉到主动选择推人，而被推的这个人本来和这件事情一点关
哈佛大学：幸福课13(1).mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/e6rtxoa1# 哈佛大学：幸福课22.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/e6rtxosv# 哈佛大学：幸福课21.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/dn9mu7pm# 哈佛大学：幸福课20.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/e6rtxq0b# 哈佛大学：幸福课19.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/dn9mu5yc# 哈佛大学：幸福课18.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/bh0gvlvl# 哈佛大学：幸福课17.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/clo36msl# 哈佛大学：幸福课16.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/e6rtxhp1# 哈佛大学：幸福课15.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/bh0gv89g# 哈佛大学：幸福课13.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/dn9mtmc7# 哈佛大学：幸福课14.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/clo350ja# 哈佛大学：幸福课11.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/aqaul593# 哈佛大学：幸福课12.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/e6rt9g6e# 哈佛大学：幸福课08.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/e6rt9acf# 哈佛大学：幸福课09.mp4
哈佛大学：幸福课04.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/bh0goy8n# 哈佛大学：幸福课07.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/bh0gouxf# 哈佛大学：幸福课06.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/dn9mtgkm# 哈佛大学：幸福课05.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/bh0go0d2# 哈佛大学：幸福课03.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/clo35txn# 哈佛大学：幸福课02.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/clo35qv4# 哈佛大学：幸福课01.mp4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9660342.html,/file/clo35gmc# 哈佛大学：幸福课.mp4
硚口区园林局专题片 （脚本） 清风又绿汉江滨 ----区第十三届人大第六次会议第三号议案办理工作纪实 【片头：快节奏、大信息量】 十里帆樯依市立，万家灯火彻宵明。 汉江的改道，造就了天然的避风良港。在只善舟辑、不善车马的古代，这里无疑是绝佳的风水、绝好的码头。于是就有了名扬海内外的汉口镇。 【镜头单色】 作为大汉口的起源，500年的历史承载的是厚重的商业文明。硚口区还是近代工商业的发祥地，汉口的第一度电、第一滴自来水，第一根棉纱，第一株火柴都出自硚口…… 案由（改文化点词，并要在屏幕上打出） 【实景与字幕交替，快节奏音乐】 然而，时代的更替，已抹去了昔日的辉煌和荣耀，在绿色咏叹的今天，硚口区的园林绿化落后了。 老的城区，绿化基础先天不足； 由于历史和自然的原因，缺乏大型公园和山林湖泊； 庞大的旧城面积,也凸显了规划建绿、社区和居住小区绿地总量不足 在硚口区第十三届人大第六次会议上，荣华代表团向大会提交了《关于严格绿线控制，推进硚口“三小”绿地建设的议案》，旨在改善硚口地区的生态环境，扩大公共绿地面积，让市民享受绿化、提升幸福指数。 举措（改文化点词，并要在屏幕上打出） 人大代表的议案，引起了区委、区政府的高度重视，迅速成立了以区委常委、副区长刘红鸣为组长的3号议案办理工作领导小组，并印发了《区第十三届人大第六次会议议案办理工作方案》，加强绿线控制力度，加大投入力度，打造一批
小森林、小游园、小景点“三小绿地”。要求相关职能部门把议案办理工作提到重要的议事日程，先后召开了3次联席例会，分别就议案办理要点、责任等进行了专题研究安排，分解落实办理任务，在坚持“主要领导负责制”的基础上，坚持做到组织、人员、责任三落实，确保办理工作有序进行。 方案制定了，关系协调了，人员到位了，责任明晰了，关键是怎样来落实。 采访区园林局领导： 我们园林局作为该议案的主要承办部门，一是加强与人大代表的密切联系，向他们通报全年重点工作计划，在议案的实施过程中，及时向代表反馈办理工作的进展情况，便于代表掌握最新工作进度。虚心听取意见和建议，举一反三改进工作。二是强化服务意识，提高服务水平。按区政府的指示精神，注重换位思考，始终坚持让人大代表满意，让人民群众受益的原则来办好议案。 区园林局形成了邀请人大代表参与的工作机制，所有重大活动都主动邀请区人大领导和人大代表参加，增强了代表对园林绿化工作的了解，通过调度三环线绿化建设、推进五个园林小景建设、视察3号议案进展情况等工作，区人大领导和代表也对全区园林绿化工作和3号议案的办理给予了高度评价。 采访人大代表： 区政府以“改善环境年”为契机，按照科学规划、整合资源、凸显特色、提升品味的思路，围绕提升园林建设水平和完善长效管理机制这个重点，认真组织、精心实施，努力推进园林绿化项目建设，取得了明显的效果。 成效（改文化点词，并要在屏幕上打出） 今年以来全区植树2.9万株，新增绿地33万平方米，“绿化三大指标”分别达到：绿地率17.78%、绿化覆盖率23.33%、人均公共绿地面积4.08平方米。“城管革命”的春风，吹绿硚口，也吹暖了硚口人民的心。 按照科学规划、整合资源、打造特色、提升品味的发展思路，制订全区绿化规划、完善《2011年全区园林绿化方案》、修订区园林绿化“十二五”规划和全区园林绿地
哈佛幸福课心理笔记 第五课你相信，确信的东西会自信 当你习惯地相像快乐的事时，你的神经系统就会习惯地令你处在一个快乐的心态。所以，美国的心理学家威廉斯说：“无论什么见解，计划，目的，只要以强烈地信念和期待进行反复的思考，那它必然会置于潜意识中，成为积极行动的源泉。” 只要周围的人相信，确信你是优秀的，你就会真的变得优秀---这是心理学反复验证的事实。所以，你不仅要相信自己，而且也要让周围的人对自己有信心。如此一来，你就拥有了幸福生活的坚实基础。 要维持信心，必须要有三个条件，缺一不可：那就是积极地态度，对工作的热情和努力工作的行动。 无论是追求幸福，还是追求成功，都要相信自己的力量，努力地为之改变。 保持自信状态的三个技能： 技能一：行动。最正确的做法是不断地行动，并且在行动中不断地发现自我，对自己做出最有肯定意义的评价。 技能二：想象成功。很多研究成果表明：在取得成功德所有因素当中，其中有56%都是由自信所决定的。在美国曾经有一个流传很广的故事，说明想象成功对自信的影响，这个故事叫魔术手套。（杰姆） 想象成功为何如此重要呢？这是由人的大脑决定的，因为人的大脑是无法分辨出真实存在的和大脑中映像的区别。当一个人在不断地想象成功，不断地在模仿真实的场景时，大脑就会出现相应的反应。 技能三：认知疗法。认知疗法的理论基础是:认知决定一个人行为；当一个事件(Event)发生时，人们就会对此作出判断（Evaluation）,并且产生情绪（Emotion），继而导致行动。比如说，当有一条鲨鱼袭来的时候，首先人们判断它是吃人的，接下来就会产生情绪上的害怕，所以就会采取行动赶快逃跑。 第六课你在关注什么，决定你能否幸福 幸福取决于我们关注事情的哪一面。幸福感取决我们选择什么来关注；幸福不是建立在我们的社会地位或银行存款等外在事物上，而是取决于我们对它的认知。一个人看待事物的角度比客观事物本身更重要。痛苦，在更大程度上是来自于自身对痛苦的关注，而并非痛苦这件事情本身。比如，对于存有一半水的瓶子，关注未满部分的人会因为水未满而失望，而关注现有半瓶水的人会因为拥有而快乐。 人生的成长和飞跃，就是经常发生在你觉得非常痛苦的时刻。 关注当下---幸福就在你身边 每个人天生都有适应性，即调整自己来适应这个世界。 人常常为幸福的假象所蒙蔽。总以为幸福在未来，自己眼前的努力为的是明天的幸福，但是从来没有感觉到今天就是幸福的。珍惜当下，活在当下，我们才能感受到最真实的幸福。 第七课练习感恩 每天记录五件值得感恩的事情 英国著名作家萨克雷说过：生活就像一面镜子，你对它笑，它就对你笑；你对它哭，它也会对你哭。 爱默生曾经说过：如果星星一千内才闪耀一次，当它闪烁时，所有的人都会仰望，
幻灯片1 ●你们觉得什么是心理课是用来干什么的？比如语文课，帮助我们识字，阅读，了解这个 世界。 ●那你们觉得心理课是用来干嘛的呢？ ●我希望心理课，能够让同学们更好地了解自己，认识自己，喜欢自己，更愉快地生活。 ●使学生不断正确认识自我，增强调控自我，承受挫折，适应环境的能力，培养学生健全 的人格和良好的个性心理品质 幻灯片2 了解自己？ ●你们觉得怎么样叫做了解自己？ ●你们觉得了解自己吗？ ●比如说，我是一个老师，教心理课，我喜欢看书，看电影，打乒乓球。 ●你们觉得老师这样算了解自己吗？不算，喜欢看书的心理老师肯定不只我一个，这样的 了解非常不够。（让学生思考，还需要了解什么） ●当我们对自己的性格，能力，目标，生存的意义有一个独特的认识，我们才能算是了解 自己。 幻灯片3 ●老师还记得，同学们上节课发现很难说出别人和自己的优缺点。 ●你们觉得为什么？ ●我们先来想一下，我们为什么很难说出自己的优点？ ●一方面，我们一直以来被教育要谦虚，说自己的优点有种“不要脸”的感觉。另一方面， 我们有时候会不够自信，觉得自己没什么优点啊。还有就是我们有的人真的不知道自己有什么优点。想一下自己是属于哪一种？ ●在我们中国的文化里，很少夸奖孩子。老师印象很深，从小到大，我妈从来不敢夸我， 只提醒我做得不好的地方。你们觉得我妈是怎么想的？ ●对，一夸就骄傲了，就堕落了，就不思上进了呀！ ●很长一段时间里，我觉得自己是不是一无是处呢。我亲妈都没夸过我！ ●当然，我妈是个好妈妈，大家不要误会。只不过我们传统的教育就是这种风格的。 ●所以，老师从小就是一个自卑的小孩。幸好老师后来能够越来越完整地看到自己，看到 缺点的同时也能看到自己好的方面。大家千万要记得没有一个人是一无是处的。 幻灯片4 ●知道自己的长处很重要，他让我们感觉到自己的价值，比如说我们班有人擅长演奏乐器， 有人擅长讲故事，有人鬼点子特别多，脑瓜特别灵，有人能让周围的人很快乐，有人阅读能力特别强，有人特别容易和他人相处。 ●这些都是你身上独一无二的东西，他们代表了“你是谁”，你是什么样的人。
哈佛公开课《幸福课》（积极心理学）有 关笔记（无顺序） 话题：适应力现实教育学习 一、这个世界需要具有实践精神的理想主义者。据调查，成功的大学生具有强烈的使命感，想做伟大的事，让世界变得更美好。“我该怎样使这个世界变得更好？”这不是空话，无论在学术还是实践工作中，他们勇往直前，做到了了不起的事，充满热情的理想主义者，特别善良。有些人只是“自我”的一代，这一代人所关心的一切只是“我要多赚点钱”，“我要买套更大的房子”，“我要变得成功，取得更多赞誉”，“变得更有威望”。但有这种想法的人，他们的错误在于，他们只看到了这些。他们也不如有崇高使命感的人成功。二、有时，光有美好愿望，我们还是无法发挥全部潜能，甚至有些情况下造成的伤害多于帮助。理想主义远远不够，往往使对方陷入被动受害者地位，而不是帮助产生积极的主导心态。（皮格马利翁）赞扬别人，赞扬小孩，是有害的。如果没有分辨地夸奖别人，从长远角度讲，实际上害人比帮助人更多，无论是身心健康还是成功等方面。三、“如果我们对自身的培养
不够，对各种人际关系培养不够，就会发生个人成长失败。” 四、心理学家证实了培养乐观精神能预防儿童和成人的抑郁和焦虑，约能将他们两年内患病率减半。人类有些因素可以抵制精神疾病：勇气、面向未来、乐观、人际技巧、信仰、职业道德、希望、诚实、毅力、心胸和洞察力等。培养自身优势、培养能力、关注健康、信仰、乐观、自信等等，能更好面对生活困难。四、冥想可以极大程度上改变我们的大脑，可以帮助产生积极的情绪，而在痛苦面前变得更坚定。每周三次锻炼，每次三十分钟，效果与现有最有效的心理药物是一样的。五、相信改变是可能的。当内部（大脑的想法）与外部（现实）不一致时，我们会感觉不舒服。改变的方法：1、更新基模2、忽略外部信息3、主动寻找证据4、创造新的现实。运动员跑跑，开始都不相信4分钟跑完1公里，直到一人提出可以，并且做到，之后很快很多人都可以做到。 六、学会失败，从失败中学习。史上最成功的人，通常也是失败最多的人。（爱迪生发明灯泡）七、成功别无他法，成功没有捷径。八、悲观者：短期目标、长期目标都很现实。乐观者：短期目标不现实，长期目标现实。因为乐观者的短期目标总是很乐观，如第一个提出可以4分钟跑完1公里的人。但最后他实现了，所以，长期目标就成了现实。八、高的期望导致失望。越战战俘，生存者有两个特点：1、相信能重获自由。2、看中现实，正确估计形势，正视残酷现实。
第一课 Hi, good morning. It’s wonderful to be back here. 各位，早上好。很高兴能回到这里。 Wonderful to see you here. 高兴见到你们。 I am teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergraduate here. 我教授这门课是因为在我读本科阶段时非常希望能学习这样一门课程。 This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught nor does it mean that it is the right class for you. 可能这门课并不是你希望的那样也可能并不适合你。 But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you. 但希望几堂课后，你能有个大概印象让你决定这门课程是否适合你。 I came here in 1992 and studied the computer science and concentrator. 我1992年来到哈佛求学，一开始主修计算机科学。 And when I had I mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year. 大二期间，突然顿悟了。 I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers. 我意识到我身处让人神往大学校园周围都是出色的同学，优秀的导师。 I was doing well academically. I was doing well in athletics. I was playing squash at that time. I was doing well socially. 我成绩优异。擅长体育运动。那时壁垒打的不错。社交也游刃有余。 Everything was going well except for the fact that I was unhappy. And I didn’t understand why. 一切都很顺利除了一点我不快乐。而且我不明白为什么。 It was then in a matter of moments that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier. 也就是在那时我决定要找出原因变得快乐。 And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology. 于是我将研究方向从计算机科学转向了哲学及心理学。 With a single question: How can I become happier. 目标只有一个:怎么让自己开心起来。 Overtime I did become happier what contributed most to my happiness was when I encountered a new emerging field that time didn’t have the name that it has today. 渐渐的，我的确变得更快乐了主要是因为我接触了一个新的领域，那时并未正式命名。 But essentially research that falls under or within the field of positive psychology. 但本质上属于积极心理学范畴。 Positive psychology, studying it and applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier . 研究积极心理学把其理念应用到生活中让我无比快乐。 It continues to make me happier. 而且这种快乐继续着。
第二十三讲收获交流 我也不知该说什么，所以我找了别人来替我说。（录像：大青蛙布偶秀“道别”“Saying Goodbye”. Saying goodbye, going away, Seems like goodbye’s such a hard thing to say, Touching our hands，wondering why, It’s time for saying goodbye. Kermit! Goodbye! Goodbyyyyyyyye! //saying goodbye, why is it sad？Make us remember the good times we’ve had. Much more to say, foolish to try. It’s time for saying goodbye. // Don’t want to leave, but we both know. Sometime it’s better to go. Somehow I know we’ll meet again. Not sure quite where and I don’t know just when. You are in my hear, so until then. It’s time for saying goodbye.// Somehow I know we’ll meet again. Not sure quite where and I don’t know just when. You are in m y heart, so until then. Wanna smile Wanna cry. saying goodbye.~~~La la la la 挥手道别，扬帆启程，“再见”一词哽塞在喉，双手紧握，想问为何，又是别离时。Kermit！再见！再见！//挥手道别，满心伤悲，又回忆起过去的好时光，千言万语，欲言又止，又是别离时分。//不舍离开，你我都懂，有时离开也许更好。而我知道，终会重逢。虽不知何时何地，你永在我心，重逢之前。又是别离时分。// 而我知道终会重逢，虽不知何时何地。你永在我心，重逢之前。带着微笑，也噙着泪。也你道别，啦啦啦啦，又是别离时分，啦啦啦啦）我需要你们的帮助，我十分紧张，我该怎么办？冥想？谢谢！锻炼？现在？你是说跳舞吗？好。讲个笑话？你们给我讲吧。还有什么别的建议没？拥抱，好主意。至少要12个拥抱，对吧？还有什么？深呼吸！很好。紧张也没关系？谢谢！我已经感觉好多了。 这是我在哈佛的最后一节课了。还有谁也是一样？我今天想做的是尽可能总结一下我们一路来所得的一些收获。我想和你们分享这些。这个总结的责任，你们也要一起分享。所以我想从你们思考和回忆课程内容开始。换言之，我们今天这节课就像个亲密互动环节。之后我会讲一遍我认为的这学期的一些重点知识。我想先从你们开始。给你们机会回顾一下，我尤其希望你们能够回顾以下主题并把它们写下来。翻阅一下你们的笔记，搜索一下脑海。写下至少两样你觉得这学期最有意义或你觉得最有趣的东西。不管是课上听到的内容，小组讨论时的话题，你阅读时读到的东西，课后你和朋友讨论过的和这门课有所联系的问题。什么都可以，至少两样对你来说最有意义或最有趣的东西。这是第一个内容。我想让你们写下的第二个内容，你们可能以前试过，可能以前写过，至少两样你所决心做的转变，两种行为转变或态度转变。两样你要付诸实施的改变，既然学期也都快结束了。再说一遍，至少两样有意义或有趣的事，以及至少两个转变。不管是建立例行公事、态度转变或行为转变。花一点时间把它们写下来。 现在我希望你们做的，当然是完全自愿的，就是分享一些你们学过的或至少一样这学期学过的有意义或很有趣的东西，以及如果你们愿意的话，那两样转变其中的一样或两样一起分享给你身边的那位同学或你身边的两位同学。花5分钟来彼此分享一下一样有趣或有意义的事以及一到两种转变。OK，我希望你们在今天或人生中余下的时间还能继续分享学过的知识，正在学的知识，你如何成长。我现在想做的是听听你们讲讲一样你认为它有趣或有意义的事，可以是课堂内容，也可以来自其他涉猎，但却是这学期对你来说有趣或有意义的东西。我们把话筒在整个教室传递，有没有人愿意做第一个自愿讲讲的，还记得吗？勇气并不是没有畏惧，而是有了畏惧还坚持向前。如果勇气是没有畏惧，我就不会来教这门课了。
哈佛大学幸福课21课中英文双语字幕笔记
Harvard Positive Psychology 21 Relationship and Self-esteem You know this story about Gertrude Stein, and she was taking philosophy class with William James, right here in the Art. 你们都听过格特鲁德.斯泰因的这个故事，她那时上William James 的哲学课，就在哈佛拉德克利夫学院。 And they had their final exam. And it was spring semester course. And she comes into the exam. And it’s a day like today. 要期末考试了，她上的是春季班，她来到考场，就跟今天一样是个晴朗的日子。 And the exam is about metaphysics, and the meaning of life. So she ope ns the exam and writes, “Today is too beautiful a day to take an exam.” And she walks out. 于是她打开试卷，写道：“多么美好的一天，不应该浪费在考试上。”然后走出了教室。 And you know, as legend has it of course she gets a straight A in William James’ class. 而且传说William James的课程她全A通过。
哈佛幸福课中文字幕笔记第七讲 幸福课第七讲 要把自我实现顿言癿信念讲完,幵开始讲下一课。关于与注,和与注如佒创造现实。我们上一课讲到哪里？我们讲到Ren,和其他癿一些事。我们讲到模型 Dan Gilbert癿模型 Philip Brickman模型。成功戒失败过后,会有多起多落,但我们会怬复过来,我们一生基本沿基准癿并福发展,其丣有起伏和变迁。所以问题是:戒说有好消息也有坏消息,我们能冎更夗风险,也更容易回到基准线上,失败往往。虽然不是所有癿失败,往往叧是使并福水平暂旪癿下降,还有自尊水平。然后会迅速回匿,那我们为什举要劤力寻求并福呢？而答案,这整丢课程本质上就是对它进行回答。 我们如佒提匿基准水平？一丢方法是去面对,把自巪置于风险乀上,我们这举做癿原因,是因为这样能产生积极癿影响。结果,并福基准会上匿, 意怃是仍然有起有落,但起伏是像这样斜线上匿癿,而不是在一条直线上戒者平行线上徘徊。我们去面对旪能想象我们癿行劢,想象自巪在劤力,通过自我知觉理论,我们对自巪做某种怪结:我一定径勇敢,我一定是自尊心强癿人,我一定是非常渴望成功癿人等等。然后我们给自巪做出癿结论,就像我们给他人癿结论一样。这就是自我知觉理论。第二丢原因是一旦我们经常经历失败,我们脑丣想象癿失败癿痛苦,比实际癿痛苦要夗得夗。也许不是即旪癿,而是稍后才感受到。当我们怬复后,就知道我能应付它。我一定是一丢有适应力癿人,最终,劤力去面对后会有更夗成功,学习失败,戒在失败丣学习,成功没有其他途徂。 我现在要说癿是:我们如佒变得更乐观？我们谈过优点、谈过长寽,乐观癿人实际上活得更丽。我们谈过更高水平癿成功。更高程度癿快乐更能兊朋忧郁,乐观癿人,患上忧郁癿机会是八分乀一,他们会更快乐。再说一遍,乐观是指诠释癿
Positive Psychology – Lecture 1 Tal Ben-Shahar Hi Good morning. It's wonderful to be back here. Wonderful to see you here. I'm teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergrad here. This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught, nor does it mean that it is the right class for you. But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you. I came here in 1992 And then I had a mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year. I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers. I was doing well academically. I was doing well in athletics. I was playing squash at that time. I was doing well socially. Everything was going well. Except for the fact. That I was unhappy. And I didn't understand why. It was then in a matter of moments, that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier. And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology with a single question: how can I become happier? Over time I did become happier. What contributed most to my happiness was when I encountered a new emerging field But essentially research that falls under or within the field of positive psychology. Positive psychology, studying it, applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier. It continues to make me happier. And it was when I realized the impact that it had on me that I decided to share it with others. That's when I decided that I wanted to be a teacher and teach in this field. So this is positive psychology, psychology 1504. And we'll be exploring this new, relatively new and fascinating field. And hopefully, we will be exploring more than the field ourselves. When I first taught this class that was back in 2002, I taught it at a seminar and had eight students. Two dropped out. That left me with six. The year after, the class became slightly larger. I had over three hundred students. And then third year when I taught it which was the last time, I had 850 students in the class, making it at that point the largest course at Harvard. And that's when the media became interested. Because they wanted to understand why. They wanted to understand this phenomenon that "here you have a class, that's larger than Introduction to Economics". How could that be? So I was invited by the media for interviews, whether it was newspapers, radio, television. And I started to notice a pattern during those interviews. So I would walk into the interview. We would have the interview. And afterwards, the producer or the interviewer would walk me out and say something to the effects of "well thank you Tal for the interview. But you know I expected you to be different". And I would ask, as nonchalant as I could of course. I didn't really care but had to ask anyway, "how different?" And they would say, "Well you know, we expected you to be more outgoing."