托福写作chapter5

新托福写作真经4test5-综合写作解析备考托福的小伙伴，托福真题是必备的考试神器。

所以，接下来，前程百利小编和大家分享托福写作真经4test5综合写作的题目解析。

备考托福的小伙伴们，赶紧来围观吧。

阅读文本：Forestry officials in the United States once sought to prevent even small forest fires from breaking out. But, in recent decades, many forestry services have enacted policies permitting controlled burnings, also called prescribed burns. In a controlled burn, parts of a forest are allowed to burn, but care is taken to ensure that the fire does not spread too much. While prescribed burns are popular nowadays, there is mounting evidence that they do more harm than good.One of the greatest negative effects of a presc ribed burn is its impact on a region’s wildlife. Prescribed burns frequently directly cause the deaths of forest denizens such as deer, bears, squirrels, and rabbits. Additionally, the fires destroy the homes of most animals that survive. Having lost their habitats, these animals must move to new areas. This negatively affects the wildlife native to those areas since more animals are forced to compete for a finite supply of food.Prescribed burns in national parks do not just take a day or two. They often last for days at a time. These burns therefore produce large amounts of air pollution in the form of smoke from burning trees and other vegetation. This smoke is extremely thick and full of ash. It is not only hazardous to those nearby who breathe it, but it can also flow through the atmosphere, where it decreases the air quality in areas far from the burning region.Many forestry officials claim that prescribed burns are necessary since they prevent large-scale forest fires. Yet forest fires often simply bypass the burned areas and spread to other places instead. In some cases, prescribed burns have gotten out of control and transformed into major forest fires. Thus, forestry officials themselves have been the cause of widespread destruction in some forested areas.阅读要点分析：观点：While prescribed burns are popular nowadays, there is mounting evidence that they do more harm than good. 虽然，目前指定的焚烧很常见，但是越来越多的证据表明这样的话弊远远大于利。

Read the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the reading passage.Many species of Asian bamboo have rather unique flowering and seeding cycles. What makes these cycles unique is that all the members of a species tend to flower and then seed at the same time; something else that is unique is that these simultaneous seeding cycles generally occur at rather lengthy intervals of perhaps fifteen to sixty years or more. This means that a particular species of Asian bamboo may not flower and seed for many, many decades and then, when this species does flower and seed, all of its members tend to flower at the same time and then simultaneously set tremendous quantities of seeds before they die so that the seeds can grow into new plants.One particular species of Chinese bamboo is a rather extreme example of the unique flowering and seeding cycles of Asian bamboo. This species tends to flower and seed less than once a century, and, when it does flower and seed, it does so throughout the world. This special Chinese species is known to have flowered and seeded in the early 1700s and in the mid 1800s and then once again in the late 1960s. Its twentieth century flowering was quite well documented and showed how amazing the species’ flowering and seeding cycle is. Astoundingly, when this species of bamboo flowered and seeded in the late 1960s, it flowered and seeded in widely divergent areas; the flowering and seeding of this species of bamboo was noted in many parts of the world, including northern and southern Asia, North America, South America, and Europe.Listen to the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the listening passage.Now answer the following question:How is the information in the listening passage about the giant pandarelated to the ideas in the reading passage on Asian bamboo?TRANSCRIPTListen to the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the listening passage.(professor)A particular problem that attracted a lot of attention in the second half ofthe twentieth century is how the survival of the giant panda is related to the unusual flowering and seeding cycle of Asian bamboo. The giantpanda still lives in the wild in only a few mountain ranges in thesouthwestern part of China because its survival has been threatened both by hunters and by the destruction of the habitat it needs to survive.What has been noted in the last few decades is that the panda’s survival is also threatened by the flowering and seeding cycles of the bamboo where the pandas live. Here’s what the problem is. Bamboo is the main source of food for the giant panda. However, when there’s a massive flowering and seeding of the bamboo, the bamboo that has just seeded dies, and there’sa lag of quite a few years before the new young seedlings grow enough toprovide food for the giant panda. When the bamboo where the giantpanda’s living dies, the giant panda needs to move to new areas to findfood. The search for food has led the giant panda into areas that are more settled and more full of danger for the giant panda.HOW IS THE INFORMATION IN THE LISTENING PASSAGE ABOUT THE GIANT PANDA RELATED TO THE IDEAS IN THE READING PASSAGE ON ASIAN BAMBOO?。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO5综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO5综合写作阅读原文文本： As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories. One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries. A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose. A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures. 托福TPO5综合写作听力原文文本： Professor: Unfortunately none of the arguments about what the Chaco great houses were used for is convincing.First, sure, from the outside, the great houses look like later and Native American apartment but the inside of the great houses casts serious doubt on the idea that many people lived there. I'll explain. If hundreds of people were living in the great houses, then there would have to be many fireplaces, where each family did its daily cooking, but there are very few fireplaces. In one of the largest great houses, there were fireplaces for only around ten families, so the primary function of the houses couldn't have been residential.Second, the idea that the great houses were used to store grain maize; unsupported by evidence. It many sound plausible that large empty rooms were used for storage, but excavations of the great houses have not uncovered many traces of maize or maize containers. If the great houses were used for storage, why isn't there more spilled maize on the floor? Why aren't there more remains of big containers?Third, the idea that the great houses were ceremonial centers isn't well supported either. You know that mound at PuebloAlto? It contains lots of other materials besides broken pots, stuff you wouldn't expect from ceremonies. For example, there are large quantities of building materials, sands, stones, even construction tools. This suggests that the mound is just a trash heap of construction material, stuff that was thrown away or not sued up when a house was being built. The pots in the pile could be regular trash too, leftover from the meals of the construction workers. So the Pueblo Alto mound is not good evidence that the great houses were used for special ceremonies. 托福TPO5综合写作满分范文： The author of the reading passage proposes three theories as likelyexplanations of the primary function of Chaco Canyon houses, grant structures built in the I2th century. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories. The lecturer argues that the modest number of fireplaces in these structures is in contradiction with the huge size of these houses, indicating that these structures could not have been used for Residential purposes. The Reading, however, draws comparisons between the Chaco houses and other similar large Residential structures in support of the "Residential" theory. The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also rejected by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered Maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the "food storage theory" is unlikely. Finally, regarding the third theory, the "ceremony theory", the lecturer contends that the presence of broken pots close to the great houses does not offer sufficient proof that this was a place for ceremonial activities. He argues that there are other materials such as pieces of construction trash found along with the broken pots, which suggest that these pots were probably not used for ceremonial purposes but instead were discarded by construction workers upon completion of the great houses. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO5综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds. (Government & Money)An important function of the government is to build public facilities to enrich the material and spiritual life of its citizens. 转述题目观点，正反两方Whether thegovernment should put priority on art museums and concert halls or spend money on entertaining places like playgrounds is a debate being discussed. In my view, building art museums and concert halls has more value than recreational facilities.Admittedly, recreational facilities can enrich the ways people spend their holidays. For Example, Universal Studios in Los Angles have many fancy cartoon cosplays, thrilling rollercoaster and 3-dimension movies. I can still remember the day when I went there with my best friends, all about laughter and happiness. However, entertainment costs money, and the primary function of the government is not to entertain people and make profits from it. Many corporations and affluent individuals can invest money on those luxury buildingsand equipments, so the government should put more budgets on cultural facilities.Moreover, art museums or concert halls can enhance the culture environment of the region or even the whole country. If the government cherishes the cultural heritage and encourages people to go to galleries and concerts by lowering the fees or even making it free, people will be immersed in this art atmosphere and try their best to preserve it. For example, in Vienna, where the beauty Golden Hall stands, people regard music as an indispensible part of their daily lives. It is not exaggerating to say every Viennese is a musician, and we can see people discuss the symphony of Bach in the bar or cafe on the street.In addition, if the government builds asuperb art museum or concert hall, it can become the symbol of a city and boost tourism. By attracting a large population of tourists, the whole economy of a region or a country will boom accordingly. Not only the entrance tickets but also the other domains, such as the catering and hotel industry, can bring large profits. For example, Paris allures millions of tourists every year, and one key reason is people’s yearning for the grand Louvre Palace to admire the most brilliant artistic works in the world . As an art lover, one important purpose of my New York travel was to visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and I bought some souvenirs there. Hence, the money that governments spend on art museums and concert halls will be paid back by the visitors.In conclusion, although entertainment is a crucia l aspect of people’s life and providesthem a vehicle to release stress in present society, art and music can pacify human’s soul to a more profound extend. Regarding the functions of the government and potential benefits cultural facilities can bring, it is wiser to use the funds in art museums and concert halls.t。

TPO5-1-1 原文：Minerals and PlantsResearch has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these minerals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentine soils, for example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf tissue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth. Saline soils, which have high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts, limit plant growth, and research continues to focus on developing salt-tolerant varieties of agricultural crops. Research has focused on the toxic effects of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and aluminum; however, even copper and zinc, which are essential elements, can become toxic in high concentrations. Although most plants cannot survive in these soils, certain plants have the ability to tolerate high levels of these minerals.Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent of them amassed nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. Hyperaccumulators run theentire range of the plant world. They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. Many members of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators.Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals–an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyperaccumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paragraph 1: Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these minerals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentine soils, for example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.1. According to paragraph 1, what is true of plants that can grow in serpentine soil?○They absorb micronutrients unusually well.○They require far less calcium than most plants do.○They are able to absorb nitrogen in its elemental state.○They are typically crops raised for food.Paragraph 2: Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf tissue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces.Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green,often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.2. The word ―exhibit‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to○fight off○show○cause○sprea d3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following symptoms occurs in phosphorus-deficient plants but not in plants deficient in nitrogen or iron?○Chlorosis on leaves○Change in leaf pigmentation to a dark shade of green○Short, stunted appearance of stems○Reddish pigmentation on the leaves or stem4. According to paragraph 2, a symptom of iron deficiency is the presence in young leaves of ○deep red discoloration between the veins○white or yellow tissue between the veins○dead spots between the vein s○characteristic dark green veinsParagraph 3: Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.5. The word ―facilitates‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to○slows down○affects○makes easier○focuses on6. According to paragraph 3, what is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in plants?○It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.○It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants simultaneously.○It is possible to directl y observe the roots of plants.○It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.7. The word ―suspended‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to○grown○protected○spread out○hungParagraph 5: Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal.A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent of them amassed nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. Many members of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators. Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.8. Why does the author mention ―herbs‖, ―shrubs‖, and ―trees‖?○To provide examples of plant types that cannot tolerate high levels of harmful minerals.○To show why so many plants are hyperaccumulators.○To help explain why hyperaccumulators can be found in so many different places.○To emphasize that hyperaccumulators occur in a wide ra nge of plant types.9. The word ―afford‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to○offer○prevent○increase○removeParagraph 6: Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals–an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyperaccumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Before considering phytoremediation, hyperaccumulating species of plants local to thetarget area must be identified.○The inve stigation begins with an evaluation of toxic sites in the target area to determine the extent of contamination.○The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyperaccumulating plants in the area to be cleaned up.○Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting hyperaccumulating species in targeted areas.11. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediation○does not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposes○can be faster to implement○is equally friendly to the environment○is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time12. Why does the author mention ―Indian mustard‖?○To warn abou t possible risks involved in phytoremediation○To help illustrate the potential of phytoremediation○To show that hyperaccumulating plants grow in many regions of the world○To explain how zinc contamination can be reducedParagraph 5: Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. ■A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent of them amassed nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. ■Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. ■They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. ■Many members of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators. Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated in large quantities than others.Where could the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.●Some plants are able to●Though beneficial in lower…●When plants do not…Answer Choices○Some plants are able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.○Though beneficial in lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.○When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.○Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much researchhas been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.○Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.○Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cu red by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 参考答案：1.○22.○23.○24.○25.○36.○17.○48.○49.○110.○311.○412.○213.○114. Some plants are able toThough beneficial in lower…When plants do not…---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------答案解析：第一题，B，细节题。

托福tpo5口语部分范文关于〔托福〕的口语备考来说，相信大家都会选择TPO为备考材料的首选。

下面是我为您整理的关于托福tpo5口语部分范文，希望对你有所帮助。

托福TPO5口语task5范文：The womans problem is that she needs to play the violin in a big concert, but shes hurt her arm. There are two possible solutions, the first one is to try to play anyway. The other solution is to get Jim to replace her and play in the concert. I think the first is better, because that way she wont let the other group members down, and the doctor said her wrist should be feeling better by then. Also, she says in the conver〔sat〕ion that Jim is not reliable. If hes always late for the rehearsals, thatll compromise the whole performance. And thats unfair to the other group members who have been practicing for weeks.TPO5托福独立口语Task1满分范文：When I was a child, I enjoyed going to an Internet Bar.It is still open now. Its only 5-minutes walk away from my home and is located beside the street. The internet bar is not very big--it only has two rooms and each is full of computers. In summer vacations, My friends and I usually went there early in the morning, playing various computer games such as Age of Empire, Star War and Counter Strike. The owner of the bar is a very nice person. He opened the door very early in the morning just for us. My friends and I occupied a room, sitting side by side and yelling to each other when we were playing games. It was of much fun.托福TPO5口语task5题目 Listening Part:Listen to a conversation between two students.(man) Susan, what happened to your arm?(woman) Its my wrist, actually. I sprained it last weekend and I am kind of upset about it because Im supposed to play the violin in my string quartets big concert next week. Weve been practicing for weeks and weve already sold a bunch of tickets.(man) Oh, Im sorry to hear that. What are you gonna do? (woman) Well, I was thinking about trying to play anyway, I mean, I really dont want to let the other three groupmembers down. Plus the doctor said my wrist should be feeling better by then.(man) Oh, OK, so problem solved, right?(woman) Not exactly. Im worried Im gonna be out of practice, like I havent been able to play the violin since I sprained my wrist. What if I dont play well? Id make the rest of the group sound bad.(man) Why dont you get somebody else to take your place? (woman) Well, theres only one other person I know who could do it and thats Jim. Hes a great violinist and Im sure hed say yes. The thing is hes not very reliable. I mean, Im in the orchestra with him and hes always showing up late for rehearsals.(man) Oh, so youre not sure you can depend on him.(woman) Exactly, and we have less than a week left to rehearse for the concert. Wed really need him to show up on time for all our rehearsals.托福TPO5口语task5题目 Question:Briefly summarize the womans problem then state which solution you would recommend.Explain the reasons for your recommendation.托福TPO5口语task5 答案解析：1. Listening key(1.1) Problem: need to play the violin, but hurt her arm (1.2) Solution 1: play anyway(1.2.1) Pro: wont let down group members; doctor thinks it will heal soon(1.2.2) Con: shes been out of practice, could make mistakes during performance(1.3) Solution 2: get Jim to replace her(1.3.1) Pro: Jim is a fabulous player and hed say yes (1.3.2) Con: Jim is always late for rehearsals。

2020年托福写作模拟试题及答案（卷五）(教育)爱尔兰诗人William B. Yeats：Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.(好句)But the devotees of the Goddess of Luck do not mean this at all. They hold that some men are born lucky and others unlucky, as though some Fortune presided at their birth; and that, irrespective of all merits, success goes to those on whom Fortune smiles and defeat to those on whom she frowns. Or at least luck is regarded as a kind of attribute of a man like a capacity for arithmetic or games.Advertising and its EffectsIn today's society, one must consider - Is there any advantage of advertising? In many cases, it is only disadvantage - an annoying hindrance in our daily lives. It gets on our nerves, distorts the truth, and adds to the cost of the product. Advertising is designed for one purpose - to sell. To achieve this goal, advertises are willing to stretch and distort the truth, just to convincing people to buy their product. For example, an advertiser may convince buyers to purchase their product by stating that has been tested and found superior. In reality, the product is not likely to be better than any other - the tests themselves doubtlessly conducted by the promoting company - conducted to ensure at least something is superior about the product, even if it is only the color. These advertisements are worded carefully so that they are telling the "literaltruth" - the truth is exactly what the words say, although people misinterpret the message by using conversational logic as something different - something better. By using ingenious tactics like these, the populace is deceived into buying a product that may not do what is required, or a product that a buyer may have never really needed. This is why advertising is a bad thing, for our society.Advertising is used to promote goods, services, images, and anything else that advertisers want to publicize. It is becoming a major part of mass media. At times, we may view it positively, at other times we may just skip or ignore it. In order to attract audience, advertisers use various techniques on their advertisement to make people aware of the firm's products, services, or brands. Although the methods used by advertisers are infinitely, they have a common goal to persuade those who may become their customers to buy their products. An excellent advertisement will create a deep impression on its potential customers through particular techniques.人类发展戏剧的动机TPO1 中有篇文章是The Origin of Theater, 当谈到人类发展戏剧的动机时给出了两个理论，一个是说人类喜欢模仿，另一个人类擅长幻想。

Do you agree or disagree that university should spend money on improving facilities (labs and general requirements) rather than hiring famous teachers?Nowadays it rarely surprises us any more that there are relatively large numbers of facilities such as labs and libraries in the campus of universities。

However, hordes of people are likely to go to extremes to hold that the university should not spend that much money on improving facilities on account of the lack of fund。

Perhaps there is a slice of credibility in their argument， but I， without hesitation, advocate that it's really essential for the universities to improve facilitiesGranted， it is true that by saving money from the investment of facilities, the universities may concentrate more on the development of curriculum and the welfare which is provided for the teachers and professors. The statistics from the Harvard University reveal， astonishingly, that 62。

QuestionDo you agree or disagree that it is more important for students to study ideas and concept than it is for them to learn facts.EssayLearning facts should have given access to a considerable benefits. However, an excessive amount of learning facts will result in some bad influences especially being lazy in order to lose ability of judgment, on the other hand facts are built on the foundation of people’s surmising and experiments. Therefore, I agree that students are supposed to study ideas is much more significant than learning facts.Initially, learning facts will exert negative influence that students will prefer to memorize some so-called testing point rather than to point out own idea. Students may lose their creative capacity especially critical thinking. When the newest generation only have learned facts, the society will keep step, even occur recession. On the contrary, if students aren’t instill a ton of facts and are encouraged to show own idea, make own decision and do experiments to testify own guessing, new philosophers and inventors will be built. I believe every convenience stuff surrounding us such as cars, planes, washing machines and so could prove my opinion, because those were created by new idea and basic concept. Frankly speaking, not all the facts are perfectly correct, contrarily, some of so-called facts had been misunderstanding people for many years. For example, the most famous example was happened between Aristotle and Galileo. In the past, Aristotle was a great scientist who had been contributed a ton of principles and ideas to science, therefore, people had believed that every words he said was facts. However, Galileo bravely casted doubt one of his hypothesis that two iron balls with different weight fall off from a high way at the same time and the heavier one will touch the land at first. Galileo did a well-known test on the Leaning Tower of Pisa proved the truly fact that both of the balls would simultaneously contact land. As you can see, no one has capability to guarantee everything we known sofar will be permanent correct. Hence, if students remember those facts instead of finding the real truth by question, it will be a great loss for the whole world.To sum up, students are supposed to study ideas and concept to create new ideas and inventions rather than to learn facts being a nerd without own opinions. Students are the future of countries so the more new ideas influx, the more thrill will apparent.。