突击专四完形填空三十篇（附答案）
突击专四完形填空（1）
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours,
___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route.
However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and
scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy
8. A. when B. for C. but D. that
9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since
10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
11. A. and B. less C. more D. or
12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
15. A. there B. when C. which D. where
参考答案及详解
1. A) 此空四个选项都是从属连词，但是它们的属性是不同的，例如：although是表示转折关系的；since，because，therefore是表示原因关系的。通过阅
读此空所在句得知大概句义为：“尽管这些宽阔的现代化公路通常很平坦且维护良好，转弯也很少，但是一直保持笔直的公路不总是令人赏心悦目”。根据语义线索和语法线索可知此
空应填表示转折关系的选项A。
2. C) 根据词汇线索和词义搭配可知，stable，splendid和complicated一般不能用来修饰roads。
3. B)根据语义线索可推断此空正确答案为选项B few。
4. C) 根据上下文可推测出如果高速公路总是保持笔直，对于驾驶者来说是非常枯燥的，因
此本空的正确答案为C enjoyable。
5. D) 介词by能和动词pass搭配，意为“经过，掠过”。
6. B) 本句中的联系副词Furthermore说明本句是对上一句的进一步补充和信息的增加，由此可推测本句句义为高速公路不仅经过风景区和乡村，通常还“将庞大的都市中心区连接起来”。故正确答案为B。
7. D) “交通拥挤”用heavy 和traffic搭配。
8. A)通过分析可知，这里使用的是一个非限定性定语从句，四个选项中只有A when 具备此语法功能。
9. B)根据上下句关系可推断此句为条件句，故选项B为正确答案。
10. A)根据主句中的“older ... roads”可推断此空需要填一个比较意义的副词，以构成对比关系，故选项A relatively“相应地，相对地”为正确答案。其他三词词义分别为：regularly“有
规律地，定期地”；respectively“各自地”；reasonably“有理由地”。
11. B)根据此空前后词及结构可断定此空应使用比较级，故可排除A和D。另外根据上下文可推测此空应为less，因为“more heavily traveled”意为“车辆拥挤的”公路，与常识不符。
12. D)从下文的others可知此空正确答案为D some。
13. B)根据上文的slopes和下文的hillsides就可以断定这里需要一个表示路况不好的词，选项A rocks意义不符，故只有B cliffs “悬崖” 为正确答案。
14. A)根据题目和选项可断定此空应为towns的后置定语，由此可猜测句义为“位于深谷中的城镇”，“位于”lie是不及物动词，不能以过去分词的形式出现作名词的后置修饰语，故正确
答案为lie的现在分词形式lying。
15. D)定语从句修饰places用where来引导。
突击专四完形填空（2）
Have you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people _1_ a desire to predict their future _2_.Most people seem inclined to _3_ this task using causal reasoning.First we _4_ recognize that future circumstances are _5_ caused or conditioned by present ones.We learn that getting an education will _6_ how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy _7_ with a shark.
Second,people also learn that such _8_ of cause and effect are probabilistic(可能的) in nature.That is,the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are _9_, but not always.Thus,students learn that studying hard _10_ good grades in most instances,but not every time.Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more _11_ and provides techniques for dealing _12_ then more accurately than does causal human inquiry.In looking at ordinary human inquiry,we need to _13_ between prediction and understanding.Often,even if we don't understand why,we are willing to act _14_ the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability.
Whatever the primitive drives _15_ motivate human beings,satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to _16_ future circumstances.The attempt to predict is often played in a _17_ of
knowledge and understanding.If you can understand why certain regular patterns _18_,you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns.Thus,human inquiry aims _19_ answering both "what" and "why" question,and we pursue these _20_ by observing and figuring out.
1. [A]exhibit [B]exaggerate [C]examine [D]exceed
2. [A]contexts [B]circumstances [C]inspections [D]intuitions
3.[A]underestimate [B]undermine [C]undertake [D]undergo
4. [A]specially [B]particularly [C]always [D]generally
5. [A]somehow [B]somebody [C]someone [D]something
6. [A]enact [B]affect [C]reflect [D]inflect
7. [A]meeting [B]occurrence [C]encounter [D]contact
8. [A]patterns [B]designs [C]arrangements [D]pictures
9. [A]disappointde [B]absent [C]inadequate [D]absolute
10.[A]creates [B]produces [C]loses [D]protects
11.[A]obscure [B]indistinct [C]explicit [D]explosive
12.[A]for [B]at [C]in [D]with
13.[A]distinguish [B]distinct [C]distort [D]distract
14.[A]at [B]on [C]to [D]under
15.[A]why [B]how [C]that [D]where
16.[A]predict [B]produce [C]pretend [D]precede
17.[A]content [B]contact [C]contest [D]context
18.[A]happen [B]occur [C]occupy [D]incur
19.[A]at [B]on [C]to [D]beyond
20.[A]purposes [B]ambitions [C]drives [D]goals
答案：
1.A 词义辨析exhibit"展出，表现",exaggerate"夸张",exceed"超越，胜过" 原句意为：实际上，人们会对未来的生活怀有（展示出）一定的愿望。
2.B 词义辨析context"上下文"，circumstance"环境"，inspection"检查，视察"，intuition"直觉"
3.C 词义辨析underestimate"低估",undermine"破坏"，undertake"承担，担任",undergo"经历，遭受"。undertake a task为常见搭配，意为"开始进行一项任务"
4.D 词义辨析选项C、D看似均可，但always显得有些武断。
5.A 篇章逻辑somehow"不知何故，以某种方式"
6.B 词义辨析enact"制定法律，颁布"，inflect"弯曲"
7.C 词义辨析encounter指没有事先计划的、未料到的、短暂的相遇
8.A 词义辨析pattern模式，式样；design设计，图案；第一段中提到过人们习惯用因果关系去推断，这是一种思考模式。
9.B 词义辨析absent缺少的，不在的；inadequate不充分的；根据文中意思应选一个与occur 意思相反的词。
10.B 词义辨析create创造produce产生，得到。原句意为学生知道努力学习在大多数情况下会得到高的分数。
11.C 词义辨析obscure朦胧的，模糊的；indistinct不清楚的；explicit外在的，清楚地；explosive爆炸的；原句意为：科学使因果性和可能性的观念变的更加清楚
12.D 短语搭配deal in经营eg:He deals in a small shop. deal with处理，安排
13.A 词义辨析distinguish区别，辨别；distinct清楚地，明显的；distort扭曲，歪曲；distract 转移。distinguish between为常用搭配，意为"区别... 和..."
14.B 短语搭配on the basis of以...为基础
15.C 语法结构drive在此为名词，意为“动力”，空格后部分是对drive进行修饰，故选关系代词that引导定语从句。
16.A 词义辨析predict预言；pretend假装；precede在...之前
17.D 词义辨析content内容；contact接触；contest争论，竞赛；context上下文in the context of意为"在...情况下"
18.B 词义辨析occur发生，出现；occupy占用，占领；incur招致
19.A 短语搭配aim at瞄准，针对
20.D 词义辨析purpose目的，以图；ambition野心；drive推动力；goal目的，目标。
突击专四完形填空（3）
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To (1) ___ their work they must read letters, reports, newspapers... In getting a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) ___ can mean the (3) ___ between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us (4) __ poor reading habits at an early age, and never get (5) __ them. The main (6) __ lies in the actual stuff of language itself--words. (7) ___ individually, words have little meaning (8) __ they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. (9) __, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word (10) ____, often regressing to read words or passages. Regression, the (11) __ to look back over (12) __ you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which
(13) ___ down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally
(14) ___ one reads.
To (15) ___ these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device (16) __ an accelerator, which moves a bar down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds (17) __, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub vocalization, (18) __ impossible. At fast (19) __ is sacrificed for speed. (20)___ when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve.
1. A. come through B. keep up C. come up with D. turn in
2. A. quickly B. roughly C. easily D. readily
3. A. division B. difference C. separation D. controversy
4. A. enhance B. improve C. have D. develop
5. A. over B. through C. away with D. back to
6. A. advantage B. distinction C. deficiency D. necessity
7. A. To take B. Taken C. Taking D. Being taken
8. A. when B. since C. once D. until
9. A. Logically B. Subsequently C. Unfortunately D. Inefficiently
10. A. at times B. at one time C. for a time D. at a time
11. A. tendency B. trend C. occasion D. chance
12. A. what B. / C. where D. which
13. A. accelerates B. scales C. slows D. cuts
14. A. if B. as C. even D. before
15. A. dispose B. transfer C. abandon D. overcome
16. A. known for B. named after C. defined D. called
17. A. convenient B. comfortable C. available D. helpful
18. A. exclusively B. absolutely C. practically D. similarly
19. A. comprehension B. meaning C. regression D. summary
20. A. And B. Also C. But D. Or
1．[B]【解析】文章首句提到阅读不再是一种消遣，为了……工作，人们必须读报等，keep up“(使)继续．坚持”，符合句意。
2．[A]【解析】由后面的成功与失败可推知前半句意思为理解与阅读能力的“快慢”，故选A。3．[B]【解析】空格处要表明的是成功与失败的“区别，不同点”，故选B。
4．[D]【解析】一种习惯的“形成，养成”要用develop／form，D正确。
5．[A]【解析】对坏习惯应该是予以“克服”，get over “克服”。符合句意。
6．[C]【解析】前面讲到坏习惯难以克服，这里开始分析原因．提到主要一点就是单词，由后文可知逐字逐句对阅读理解的不利．故选C。
7．[B]【解析】words与take为逻辑上的被动关系，故选B。Taken individually“从个别看来”。8．[D]【解析】根据否定词little，可推测单词在词组、句
9. [C]【解析】空格所在的句子提到未经过训练的读者的阅读习惯，与前面构成转折关系，故选C，表达一种遗憾，可惜之情。
10．[D]【解析】前句提到这些未经过训练的读者不按照意群来阅读，而是逐个单词费力地读，故选at atime“每次，一次”。
11．[A]【解析】空格所在的句子是对regression“回读”的具体解释．即就是对刚刚读过的材料回头再看的这样一种“倾向，意向”，故选A。
12．[A]【解析】根据句意“回头看刚读过的”，read后要接宾语，故选A。
13．[C]【解析】阅读时读出每个单词，这无疑会减慢阅读的速度，故选C。
14．[B]【解析】as在此引导一个从句，相当于when。
15．[D]【解析】最后一段提出解决办法，不良的阅读习惯要克服，故选D。
16．[B]【解析】called an accelerator在句中作后置定语，D正确。
17．[B]【解析】由后面的to stretch him，可知，快速阅读器设置的速度比读者本身自由轻松阅读的速度要快。故选B．comfortable“轻松自在的”。
18．[C]【解析】快速阅读器迫使读者快速阅读，这样那些不良阅读习惯，如逐字逐句读、回读、默念等都“基本上，几乎”不可能，故选C。
19．[A]【解析】根据常识可知，当加快阅读速度时，读者对文章的理解可能就没有那么透彻，此处应选A。
20．[C]【解析】由后文的not only…but also可知，这里县对前面观点的有条件的否定．故选C．
突击专四完形填空（4）
Who won the World Cup 1998 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? ___ 1 ___ an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets giving the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news.
Newspapers have one basic ___ 2 ___, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to ___ 3 ___ it. Radio, telegraph, television, and ___ 4 ___ inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. ___ 5 ___, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly make use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the ___ 6 ___ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are ___ 7 ___ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers ___ 8 ___ of the latest news, today?s newspapers ed ucate and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers? economic choices ___ 9 ___ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very ___ 10 ___. Newspapers are sold at a price that ___ 11 ___ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main ___ 12 ___ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The success in selling advertising depends on a newspaper?s value to advertisers. This ___13 ___ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entert ainment ___ 14 ___ in a newspaper?s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper?s value to read ers as source of information___ 15 ___ the community, city, country, state, nation and world and even outer space.
1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Before
2. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose
3. A. make B. publish C. know D. write
4. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other
5. A. However B. And C. Therefore D. So
6. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed
7. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed
8. A. inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. informed
9. A. on B. through C. with D. of
10.A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose
11. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in
12.A. source B. origin C. course D. finance
13. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured
14. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered
15.A. by B. with C. at D. about
参考答案及详解
1. C) 根据上下文，此空应该为介词，故选项A和B可被排除，因为它们后边不能直接跟名词短语。根据句义，选项C为正确答案。
2. D) 根据语义线索（报纸有一个基本目的就是以最快速度从新闻来源处得到新闻）可知选
项D为正确答案。
3. C) 根据语义线索选项C know 为正确答案。
4. B) 此题涉及other, another 两词的用法。Other可以单独使用也可以和定冠词the一起使用，other一般用来修饰表示不确定所指的复数可数名词，意为“其他”；the other用来指代或修饰特定范围内的第二者或第三者等，不合适。Another一般修饰可数名词单数，不合适One another是相互代词，不能作限定词。综上，根据语法线索，选项B为正确答案。
5. A) 根据上下文，该句句义有转折，故表示转折意义的关系副词选项A However为正确答
案。其它三词：and为表示并列关系的并列therefore和so为表示因果关系的关系副词。6. D) 根据上下文，报纸报道新闻应该发展更新更快的通讯方式，可知其目的是为提高速度
从而提高效率。故选项D为正确答案。
7. C) 此题可用排除法。根据语义线索（今天印刷的和人们阅读的报纸比以往任何时候都多）可将A，B和D排除。
8. D) 此题涉及动词keep的用法。动词keep后可接复杂宾语结构，即宾语+宾语补语的结构。形容词，ed分词，ing分词等都可作宾补。其中，ed分词表示被动含义；ing分词表示主动含义。此句句义为“除了使读者知悉最新的新闻外… ”，因此根据语法线索，含有被
动意义的选项D为正确答案。
9. B) 根据句义可知此空应使用意为“通过”的介词。故选项B through 为正确答案。
10. B) 根据上下文可推断此句大概句义为“报纸通过广告维持它们的存在”，故选项 B existence“存在”为正确答案。
11. C) 根据上下句句义可以推断，报纸不是通过出售其本身所得来维持其生存，而是通过刊登广告的收入来维持其生存，并且对于大多数的报纸来说主要的经费来源是商业广告，而不是出售报纸，因此可以猜测出报纸的售价不能涵盖其制作印刷成本，因此选项C为正确答案。其它三项意义不符。
12. A) 根据上句可推断此句的答案只能从A、B两项之间产生。Origin意为“起源，根源”不合适。故选项A source“来源”为正确答案。
13. C) 根据此句义“这（报纸对广告商的价值）是以报纸的发行量来衡量” 及上下文可推断此空应填动词的被动形式，故选项C为正确案。
14. B) 选项B为ed分词作后置定语。
15. D) 根据词汇线索和语义线索可知，此处需要使用介词about，表示“关于社区、国家和世
界的信息”。
突击专四完形填空（5）
One supermarket in Tokyo has managed to solve the problems of shoplifting, ___1___ by cashiers, and long lines of customers waiting at cash registers. It is Japan?s advanced computer technology that has come ___ 2 ___ with the answers. Shoppers at an OK supermarket on the outskirts of the city now push a cart ___ 3___ a plastic card chained to it and buy from glass cases where the goods are on display. The plastic card has magnetic number imprinted on it. Each cu stomer carries his or her own card, which is ___ 4___ at the entrance. While shopping, the customer pushes the card into a slot beside ___ 5___ items are wanted and pushes a button or two. The glass covered vending machines are connected to a computer that ___ 6___ the price of every item in the store. Prices of every purchase are added up automatically. When she has finis hed shopping, the customer hands her card to a cashier who ___ 7___ it to the register. A second later the total pops out. Shoplifting is physically i mpossible. Once you touch a commodity the computer remembers it ___ 8___ you hide it or even if you eat it on the spot.A cashier at the OK supermarket is now able to work 15 times faster than her ___ 9___ at a conventional supermarket. Only two cashiers, ___ 10___, are required at the store, whi ch sells 2,500 separate items. One man is enough to keep the vending machines fi lled, because of the stock for a certain commodity is ___ 11___ to run out, a red lamp in the computer room ___ 12___ him. But there are disadvantages too: a customer cannot change his or her mind ___ 13___ a purchas e. Once ___ 14___, the item cannot be put back. The customer must go through a cashier with it first and get a
refund later. There are also no ___ 1 5___ vegetables or fish on sale—everything is prepackaged.
1. A. mistakes B. made C. done D. problems
2. A. together B. up C. along D. on
3. A. with B. without C. carrying D. under
4. A. collected B. filled C. sent D. shown
5. A. those B. what C.the number D. whichever
6. A. shouts B. raises C. knows D. puts
7. A. opens B. feeds C. reads D. conne cts
8. A. except B. in spite of C. no matter how D. the way
9. A. friend B. colleague C. company D. neigh bour
10. A. for instance B. still C. later D. however
11. A. not yet B. about C. at least D. ready
12. A. warns B. sees C. watches D. protects
13. A. at B. making C. throughout D. about
14. A. brought B. handling C. moving D. touched
15. A. frozen B. stale C. fresh D. cooked
1. A) 此空和shoplifting, long lines为并列结构，构成介词of的宾语，因此选项B和C可以排除；而选项D problems与of结构所修饰的problems有冲突，故只有选项A为正确答案。
2. B) 此空涉及固定搭配。come up with意为“提出，跟上”。come along with意为“随同”，意义不符。
3. A) 通过分析此空所在句可知，现在光顾一家OK超市的顾客推着一辆拴有一个塑料卡片的手推车从货架上购物，因此空白处需要一个介词引导一个复杂宾语结构来修饰名词 a cart，四个选项中只有with有此功能。
4. A) 根据短文，这类超市发放的带有磁码的塑料卡片由每位顾客在购物时携带，出超市时在出口处被收集回来，因此此空应选A collected “收集，回收”，其它各选项意义不符。
5. D) 根据句义（顾客不管想买哪种商品他都需要把卡片插到这种商品旁边的插口里，然后按一下按钮。）和结构（此空需要一个联接词语作介词beside的宾语）可知选项D为正确答案。
6. C) 电脑知道所有商品的价格，故C为正确答案。
7. B) 此题涉及动词意义搭配问题，feed意为“送入，插入”。
8. C) 经过分析可推断句义为“一旦你碰了一件商品，不管你把塑料片藏到哪儿，即便是吃到肚子里，电脑也会记录下来。”，从而断定答案为C。
9. B) 此句带有比较状语从句，故空白处词应与句子主语相对应。friend和neighbour不合逻
辑，只有colleague为正确答案。
10. A) 此句是一例子，故答案为A。
11. B) “be about to”意为“即将发生…”。
12. A) 根据句义应为A warns。
13. A) “change one’s mind at”为固定搭配。
14. D) 根据上文可知如果你碰了某种商品，电脑就会记录下来，从而推测此句句义为“一旦
你碰了某个商品，就不能放回去了。”因此本题正确答案为D。
15. C) 根据上下文可断定为C。
突击专四完形填空（6）
It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better ___ 1___ math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterp arts ___ 2___ advanced math courses like calculus, that virtually all th e great mathematicians ___ 3___ men. Are women born with ___ 4 ___ mathematical ability? Or does society?s sexism slow their progress? In 1980 tw o Johns Hopkins University researchers tried ___ 5___ the eternal nature /nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow ___ 6___ 10,000 talen ted seventh and eighth graders between 1972 and 1979. Using the Scholastic Apti tude Test, in which math questions are meant to measure ability rather than know ledge, they discovered ___ 7___ sex differences. ___ 8___ the ve rbal abilities of the males and females ___ 9___ differed, twice as many boys as girls scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematical abilit y; at the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to 1. The conclusion: males have ___ 1 0___ superior mathematical reasoning ability.
Benbow and Stanley?s findings, ___ 11___ were published in “Science”, disturbed some men and ___ 12___ women. Now there is comfort for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math ___ 13___ not, after all, a natural male domain. Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenthgraders. They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry pr oofs, a subject requiring ___ 14___ abstract reasoning and spatial
ability. The conclusion ___ 15___ by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in math ability.
1. A. at B. to C. of D. about
2. A. in tackling B. tackling
C. to tackle
D. about tackling
3. A. might be B. have been C. must be D. had been
4. A. smaller B. less C. fewer D. not more
5. A. to settle B. to set C. settling D. setting
6. A. were tested B. [JP4]have tested C. were testing D. had tested
7. A. distinct B. instinct C. remote D. vague
8. A. Since B. However C. As D. While
9. A. scarcely not B. virtually C. largely D. hardly
10. A. superficially B. universally C. inherently D. initially
11. A. as B. that C. which D. all
12. A. few B. not a few C. not few D. quite few
13. A. be B. were C. was D. is
14. A. none of B. neither of C. either D. both
15. A. got B. gained C. reached D. accomplished
参考答案及详解
1. A) 介词at经常放在表示“技能和知识”的词前, 表示在这方面的能力和技能。
2. C) 此空所在句虽然有“more...than”，但是经过分析可知句中存在一个半助动词“be likely to”，故此空选C。
3. B) 在做此题前首先要分析清楚此句的句子结构。此空所在句的主句是“ It is well k nown”，它带有三个that引导的宾语从句，其中此空所在分句是第三句。根据上下文可推测此句句意为：众所周知，实际上所有伟大的数学家一直都是男性。因此，根据句意和主句时态可知正确答案为选项B。
4. B) 根据上下文意义可知答案为B。
5. A) 首先“解决争端”需要使用动词settle和debate搭配，另外try to d o意为“努力做某事”，
而try doing意为“尝试做某事”，意义不符。故A为正确答案。
6. D) 根据语法线索可知此空应使用过去完成时。
7. A) 根据句义可知A distinct“明显的”为正确答案。其它三词意义分别为：instinct“本质的”；remote“遥远的”；vague“模糊的”。
8. D) 四个选项中首先可以排除选项B However，因为它不是连词。而Since 和As是引导原因状语的从属连词；while为引导让步状语从句的从属连词。根据句义和句子结构，此空正确答案为D。
9. D) 根据上下文可推测句义为：尽管男性和女性的语言能力没有什么区别，但是…。据此答案为D。
10. C) 根据上文的统计数据可以得出结论：男性天生就比女性具有更高级的数学推理能力。故正确答案为选项C inherently “本性地，固有地”。其它三项意义都不准确：super ficially 意为“表面地”；universally意为“普遍地”；initially意为“最初，开始”。
11. C) 非限定性定语从句需要由which引导。
12. B) Not a few和some意义接近，由于是and连接的并列结构，故答案为B。
13. D) 此空前虽然出现动词suggest，但是从句中的动词不用虚拟语气形式be，因为suggest
在这里意为“表明”，而非“建议”。
14. D) 此处为both … and …结构。
15. C) “得出结论”由动词reach和conclusion搭配。
突击专四完形填空（7）
On the morning of May 20, 1927, Charles A. Lindbergh took off from a muddy airfield in New York and headed for Paris. Fourteen hours later he was still flying. During the fourteen hours, he had had some ___ 1___ moments. Sleet had g athere d on the ___ 2___ of the plane and the fog was so thick that he could h ard ly see the tips of the wings. ___ 3___, he had encountered equally dange r ous flying conditions before. Of course, ___ 4___ he was over the ocean hi s parachute was useless. He had only one ___ 5___; he had to go on. Alon e in the plane, Lindbergh knew that it would be ___ 6___ to fall asleep. B ef ore the flight, he had trained himself to ___ 7___ awake for long period s of time. Now he watched the instrument panel intently.At 12:10 in the afternoon of May 21, Lindbergh caught ___ 8___ of the coast of Ireland. Now that the light was almost o ver , he began to ___ 9___ a little. Once over land, he knew that he had a good ___10___ of landing safely. Finally, after thirty four hours in the air without sleep, he arrived at Le Bourget Field, in Paris.More than a hundred thousand people were there to welcome him as a great hero. His name was on everyone’s ___ 11___. Overnight he had achieved fame; the whole world was ringing with his praises. Wealthy and famous men and women ___ 12___ for the privilege of paying him their personal tributes.Though the whole world was praising him, Lindbergh kept his head. He resisted the temptation to ___ 13___ by his enormous popularity. He ___ 14 ___ have made millions of dollars very easily by merely signing his name to contracts, but he ___ 15___ to use his name for selfish ends.
1. A. pleasant B. enjoyable C. delayed D. anxious
2. A. wings B. cockpit C. nose D. tail
3. A. What is more B. Scarcely C. However D. Besides
4. A. but B. now that C. eventually D. right now
5. A. decision B. choice C. danger D. goal
6. A. fateful B. easy C. fatal D. probable
7. A. go B. operate C. be at wheel D. stay
8. A. sight B. line C. glimpse D. scene
9. A. refresh B. smoke C. relax D. rest
10. A. reason B. confidence C. chance D. skill
11. A. mouth B. remarks C. lips D. topic
12. A. stayed B. looked C. searched D. fought
13. A. profit B. win C. prosper D. rise
14. A. ought to B. could C. must D. needn’t
15. A. intended B. declined C. ignored D. tended
1. D) 根据下句可知Charles A.Lindbergh的飞行并不是一帆风顺，其中有十四个小时，冰雨和大雾严重妨碍了他的正常飞行，因此他的心情不可能高兴，只能是非常的焦虑。故答案为anxious。
2. A) 根据下文可知，选项A为正确答案。
3. C) 在填此空的时候，有的同学会误选what is more或besides，但是细看此句就会发现此句意为“他以前也碰到了同样危险的飞行状况。”可知此句和上句的关系是让步关系，故
此空应使用however。
4. B) 通过分析句子结构可知，此空需要填一个从属连词，四个选项中只有B now that为从属连词。
5. B) 当Lindbergh飞到大西洋上空的时候，虽然面对很多困难，但是对他来说继续前进是他的惟一选择。
6. C) 如果一个人开飞机的时候睡觉，后果肯定是机毁人亡。
7. D) “stay awak e”为固定搭配，意为“保持清醒”。
8. A) “catch sight of”意为“见到”。
9. C) 开飞机的时候，他不可能“休息”rest，而只能“放松”relax。
10. C) “have a good chance of doing”为固定搭配，意为“有机会做某事”。
11. C) “on everyone’s lips”也是固定搭配，意为“广为传诵”。
12. D) “fight for”意为“争…，为…而斗争”。
13. A) 根据句义，profit为正确答案。
14. B) 此处为虚拟语气，句义为“只要他非常简单地把他的名字签到合同上，他就会非常轻
松地赚得百万财产”。
15. B) decline意为“婉言谢绝”。
突击专四完形填空（8）（附答案详解）
There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set. Now those ___ 1___ seem hopelessly old fashioned; this Christmas, there were a lot of personal computers under the tree. ___ 2___ that computers are the key to success, parents are also frantically insisting that children ___ 3___ taught to use them in school — as early as possible. The problem for schools is that when it ___ 4 ___ computers, parents don?t always know best. Many schools are yielding to parental impatience and are purchasing hardware ___ 5___ sound education al planning so they can say, “OK, we?ve moved
into the computer age.” Teachers found themselves caught in the middle of the problem —between parent pressure and ___ 6___ educational decisions. Educators do not even agree ___7___ how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials ___ 8___ research has shown can be taught ___ 9 ___ with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should have access to computers, warn of potential ___ 10___ to the very young. The temptation remains strong largely because young children ___ 11___ so well to computers. First graders have been seen willing to work for two hours on math skills. Some have an attention span of 20 minutes. ___ 12___ school can afford to go into computing, and that creates ___ 13___ another problem: a division between the haves and have nots. Very few parents are agitating ___ 14___ computer instruction in poor school districts, ___ 15 ___ there may be
barely enough money to pay the reading teacher.
1. A. items B. toys C. sets D. series
2. A. Given B. Provided C. Convinced D. Believed
3. A. are B. be C. are being D. were
4. A. talks about B. comes to C. turns to D. mentions
5. A. without B. with C. through D. for
6. A. wise B. clever C. slow D. enough
7. A. on B. with C. to D. about
8. A. however B. it C. what D. that
9. A. equally B. in the same way C. just as well D. not as well
10. A. approaches B. exposures C. dangers D. harmful
11. A. adopt B. keep C. adapt D. devote
12. A. High B. Not every C. No D. Any
13. A. already B. of course C. in addition D. yet
14. A. for B. against C. to buy D. use
15. A. for B. in any case C. although D. where
参考答案及详解
1. A) 根据句义“现在那些东西（指以上提到的打字机、地球仪、百科全书）显得太落后了”可知，本空正确答案为
2. C) 通过分析本句结构可知此空所在句是一个从句，作主句的原因状语，结合选项可知此空需要动词的过去分词表示“确信、相信”的意思，故选项C为正确答案，因为“be conv inced that”意为“确信、相信”。
3. B) 主句中动词为insist时，一般宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气，并且一般情况下省略should。
4. B) 此空前it的使用法在语法上叫“虚义”it，因此它无法和talk abo ut, mention搭配使用。come to有几种意义分别为“归因是”，“结果是”；“谈到”，“想到”；“总共”，“共达”等。Turn to意为“转向，指向”等。根据上下文可推断句义为“当谈到计算机的问题时，…”，由此可见此空应选B come to。
5. A) 根据句义“许多学校在没有制定良好的教学计划前，就屈从了家长们的压力购买了电脑。”可判断此空应使用介词without。
6. A) 根据上下文可知学校迫于家长的压力不得不购买了电脑，这使得老师们处于两难境地，即家长的压力和明智正确的教育方针，故此空选A。clever一般用来指人。
7. A) agree on意为“同意”某某观点。Agree with后接人。
8. D) that用于此空引导定语从句。
9. C) 此句句义为“很多钱被用来购买电脑教学资料，但是研究表明用纸和笔教学能达到同样的教学效果。”可知，此空词应使此句构成比较结构，而选项A和B都没有此功能，选项D意义不符，故选项C为正确答案，just as well原为固定搭配，意为“幸亏，幸而”，但在此处是省略了第二个as的比较结构。
10. C) 根据句意“潜在的危险”可知此空正确答案为选项C。
11. C) adapt to意为“适应”。Devote …to意为“奉献，献身于”意义不符。
12. B) 根据上下文可推断句义为：不是每个学校都能买得起电脑。故此空选B。
13. D) 此空涉及yet的用法。首先可用排除法排除already, of course, i n addition，因为他们要么意义不符，要么用法不符。Yet既可作副词也可作连词。作副词时意为“还、仍然、尚”，常用于否定句中，如Much remain yet to be done. / He has not yet hear d the good news.有时意为“已经”，常用于疑问句中。作连词时意为“而，然而，可是” 。此空yet符合第一种用法。
14. A) “agitate for”意为“鼓动，赞成”。
15. D) where用于此空引导非限定性的定语从句。
突击专四完形填空（9）（附答案详解）
Speech — the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning — is a kind of human action. Like any other constantly ___ 1___ action, speaking has to be learned, but ___ 2___ it is learned, it becomes a generally ___ 3 ___ and apparently automatic process. As far as we can determine, human beings do not need to be forced to ___ 4___; most babies seem to possess a sort of instinctive drive to produce speech like noises. How to speak and what to say are ___ 5___ altogether. These actions are ___ 6___ from the particular society into which the baby is born; so that ___ 7___ all conduct that is learned from a society from the people around us speech is a patterned activity. The meandering babble and chatter of a young child are eventually channeled ___ 8___ imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the pattern accepted as meaningful by the people around him. ___ 9___, a child?s indiscriminate practice of putting things into his mouth becomes limited to ___ 10___food into his mouth in certain way. The ___ 11___ that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds that any particular language ___ 12___. However, a child born into a society with a pattern of ___ 13___ is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over until ___ 14___ natural for him to make these sounds and ___ 15___.
1. A. stored B. repeated C. restored D. responded
2. A. at that time B. then C. once D. shortly
3. A. unconscious B. conscientious C. cautious D. conscious
4. A. utter B. make speeches C. scream D. speak
5. A. the other matters B. nothing specially C. another stories D. another matter
6. A. taken B. done C. learned D. performed
7. A. as B. since C. while D. like
8. A. of B. from C. with D. by
9. A. Similarly B. Moreover C. Simply D. Whereas
10.A.put B. putting C. have put D. be put
11.A.speeches B. languages C. actions D. sounds
12.A.makes B. produces C. utilizes D. develops
13.A.sound B. language C. activity D. speech
14. A.they are B. they have been C. it is D. being
15.A.others B. no other C. the other D. any other
参考答案及详解
1. B) 根据语义线索和空格前的constantly可以判断此空的答案为repeated。Repe ated意为“反复的，再三的”，如：He made repeated requests for help. 他再三请求帮助。Store意为“储存，不断蓄积”，如：He stored his books with friends until he r eturned from abroad. 他把自己的书存放在朋友处，直到从国外回来。Restore意为“归还，交换；使…恢复，使…恢复原状”，如：The stolen goods have been restored to the ir owners. 被盗商品已经物归原主。Respond 意为“回报，回应，有反映”，如：The boy responded with a kick to the insult of another boy. 这个男孩对另一个男孩的侮辱以脚相报。
2. C) 根据句子结构这里需要一个连词，四个选项中只有once可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦……就……”的意思，如：Once the machines are tested, they may be put into
service. 机器一旦经过检验，即可投入使用。
3. A) 根据语义线索此空应使用unconscious。Unconscious意为“下意识的，潜意识的” ，例如：She is unconscious of having made a big mistake. 她还没有意识到自己犯了个大错误。Conscientious意为“有良心的，认真的”，例如：He has his faults, but al l in all, he is a conscientious man. 他的确有缺点，但总的来说，他还是一个有良心的人。A conscientious worker is not a bit negligent in his work. 一个认真负责的工人在工作中是一丝不苟的。Cautious意为“小心的，谨慎的”，如：David White is a c autious policeman who never says too much. 大卫?怀特是位谨慎的警察，从不多说话。Conscious意为“有意识的，神志清醒的，自觉的”，如：He is fully conscious of hi s responsibility as a teacher. 他充分意识到了作为一名教师的责任。He was profound ly conscious that he was being watched. 他深知自己正在受到监视。
4. D) 根据上下文反复出现的speak，可以肯定此处选D。
5. D) 根据语义线索此空所填入的词需要和上句中的most babies seem to possess a sor t of instinctive drive to produce speech like noises构成语义上的对比，因此这里只能选择
another matter。
6. C) 根据词汇线索learn和语境线索so that like all conduct that is learned from a society from the people around us speech is a patterned activity，就可以断定此空要选择C。
7. D) 根据词汇线索此空需要一个介词，while不能作介词，故选项C是错误的。尽管since 可以作介词，但其后一般要跟表示时间的名词，故选项B不合适。As可以作介词，但其意义为“作为”，不符合题意。Like可以作介词，意为“像……一样”，符合题意
8. D) 根据语法线索，此处为被动语气句使用介词by引导出动词channel的逻辑的主语。
9. A) 通读全段并根据语境线索，可以看出：下句a child?s indiscrimin ate practice o f putting things into his mouth becomes limited to putting food into his mouth i n a certain way和上句The meandering babble and chatter of a young child are even tually channeled by imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the patt ern accepted as meaningful by the people around him构成
了类比关系，故选择similar ly。
10. B) 根据词汇线索，be limited to短语中的to 是介词，后面一般只可跟名词或动名词，如：Our holidays are limited to two weeks a year. 我们一年只有两星期的假。故选项B为正确答案。
11. D) 根据平行结构原则(parallelism)，被比较的两个人或物在性质上应是一致的，故此处
选择D为正确答案。
12. C) 根据语境线索此处应选utilize。Utilize意为“利用，使用”，例如：If natura l resources had been fully utilized, industry would have developed more rapidly. 如果自然资源得到了充分
利用，工业的发展本可以再快些。
13. B) 根据语境线索此空应选B，构成短语a society with a pattern of language，意为“一个
具有一定语言模式的社会”。
14. C) 根据语法线索此处应选it is。因为it在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式的复合结构“for him to make these sounds and others”。
15. A) and others(and the other things/and the like/and so on/and so forth/and what not)意为“……等等”。
突击专四完形填空（10）（附答案详解）
It must h ave been after two o?clock in the morning when the last guest ___ 1___ their leave, and although we had enjoyed their ___ 2___, my wife and I were quite thankful to shut the door ___3___ them. We left all the dirty dishes and glasses ___ 4___, and, after opening a few windows to let some fresh air in and the smell of stale ___ 5___ out, we climbed into bed and fell asleep. I ___ 6___ asleep for more than half an hour when I awoke with a strong smell of smoke in ___ 7___. Still half asleep, I ___ 8___ into the lounge, and there, through ___ 9 ___ clouds of smoke, I saw that one of the curtains was ___ 10___ fire. I should have closed the windows then without delay, but ___ 11___ I tried to beat out the flames with a folded newspaper. ___ 12___ this failed I hastened into the kitchen to grab a bucket and fill it with water. At the same time I shouted to Barbara, who hurriedly dialled 999 to summon the fire brigade ___ 13___ coming to my aid. We had to work at top speed carrying buckets of water from the kitchen to prevent the flames, fanned by the breeze from the windows, from spreading. We ___ 14___ to extinguish the fire but we managed to keep it partially in check until the arrival of the firemen. Fortunately, they arrived promptly and they had little difficulty ___ 15 ____ out the flames. For most of the rest of the day we worked hard.
1. A. asked B. took C. were on D. waited
2. A. accompanying B. companion C. company D. friendshi p
3. A. for B. on C. behind D. before
4. A. as they were B. there C. with us D. lying about
5. A. smoking B. tobacco C. food D. wine
6. A. mustn’t have been B. must fall
C. couldn’t have been
D. needn’t tell you that I was
7. A. my nostrils B. the lounge C. our kitchen D. outside
8. A. looked B. staggered C. opened D. searched
9. A. dense B. numerous C. large amounts D. tiny
10. A. in B. at C. near D. on
11. A. once more B. this time C. hard D. instead
12. A. Unfortunately B. For C. When D. Still
13. A. without B. before C. while D. that is
14. A. were unable B. knew how C. ought D. had
15. A. to put B. of putting C. at putting D. in putting
参考答案及详解
1. B) 根据词汇线索可知，take one?s leave是固定搭配，意为“ 道别，离开，说再见”，例如：The moment they arrived, I was taking my leave. 他们到达的时候我正要离开。
2. C) 根据语义线索和选项可知此空需要一个表示“陪伴，伴随”的名词。分析四个选项：accompanying为动词的现在分词，意为“伴随”，意义虽然相符但是词性不符。Companio n 意为“同伴，共事者”，意义不符。Friendship意为“友谊”，意义不符。故只有company 为正确答案。名词company常用的有两个意思：一是“公司”，明显不符；二作“陪伴，伴随”讲，正好符合本空的需要。
3. C) 根据语义线索可知，当客人走到门外后,门当然就在他们的身后，因此应使用介词behind。
4. A) 根据语法线索和语义线索和句义“我们把所有的脏盘子和酒杯都原样不动放在那里” 可知选项A as they were为正确答案。As they were是虚拟语气的一种固定搭配用法，意为“好比，宛如”。其他类似的用法还有as it were等，例如：He is my best friend, my s econd self, as it were.他是我最好的朋友，就像第二个我一样。
5. B) 根据语义线索可知作者家刚刚接待了一批客人，作者肯定招待客人吃饭，另外不可少的就是抽烟、喝酒，好像四个选项都可以，但是根据词汇线索此空前的形容词为stale，它不能和wine和smoking搭配，可首先排除A、D。另外，根据非语言线索也就是一般常识可知stale food不符合语境。故只有tobacco是正确的，意为“烟草”。
6. C) 根据上下文可知作者由于处于睡眠状态不可能肯定地知道自己睡眠的时间，因此此空不能使用表示非常肯定猜测的情态动词，故选项A、B两项是错误的。选项D不符合题意。故只有选项C为正确答案。
7. A) 根据语义线索可知，由于此时作者处于半睡眠状态，所以他不可能确定烟味具体在哪里，但是他却闻到了烟味。由此可排除选项B、C、D。
8. B) 根据上下文可知，此时作者是处于半睡眠状态，他行走的姿势只能是stagger，意为“摇摇摆摆，蹒跚”，其他词意义都不符。
9. A) 表示“浓烟”，使用dense和smoke搭配。
10. D) 表示“着火”，使用介词on和fire搭配。
11. D) 根据上下文可知，本来作者应该首先将窗户关上，但是由于惊慌，他没有关，却用报纸试图将火打灭，由此可见D instead为正确答案。Instead在此作副词用，意为“代替，顶替”，例如：If there is no coal, oil can be used instead. 如果没有煤，可以用石油代替。
12. C) 根据语法线索可知此处需要一个引导时间状语从句的从属连词，四个选项中只有when是正确的。
13. B) 根据时间顺序，作者的妻子是先打报警电话，然后才来帮我，故使用介词before。Without coming to my aid显然是不合逻辑的，也是不合情理的。
14. A) 根据上下文和语义线索，尽管作者用了很多办法试图扑灭大火，但是都没有成功，故选项A为正确答案。
15. D) have difficulty in doing sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，例如：I have difficulty in communicating with others.我和别人沟通有困难。
突击专四完形填空（11）（附答案详解）
Our ape men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the strugg le for survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not ___ 1___ with the bear, whose stre ngth, speed and claws ___ 2___ an impressive “small fire”weaponry.
They could not even defend themselves ___ 3___ running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been ___ 4___ to failure and extinction. But they were ___ 5___ with enormous concealed advantage of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search ___ 6___ the pickings of the forest, the ape men had ___ 7___ efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape men to study practical problems in a way that lay far ___ 8___ the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long distance sight was ___ 9___ another matter. Lack of long distance vision had not been a problem for forest dwelling apes and mondeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight — so ___ 10___ they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not ___ 11___. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape men ___ 12___ the only possible
vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape men became slower still. ___ 13___, they persevered and their bone structure gradually became ___ 14___ to the new, unstable position that ___ 15___ them the name
1. A. match B. compare C. rival
2. A. became B. equipped C. posed
3. A. in B. in C. by
4. A. driven B. doomed C. forced
5. A. bestowed B. given C. presented
6. A. for B. of C. on
7. A. progressed B. generated C. developed
8. A. from B. apart C. beyond
9. A. rather B. quite C. much
10.A.anything B. that C. everything
12.A.chose B. adopted C. acc
13.A.However B. Therefore
14.A.accustomed
15.A.obtained B. called
参考答案及详解
1. B) 根据语义线索“我们人类的老祖宗——猿人，既没有像大型猫科动物那样的利齿，也没有那样强有力的爪子；他们也不能和熊相比，它们的力量、速度和爪子给他们提供了一套小型武器”可知正确的答案应为B compare。因为compare with意为“（可）与……相比” ，例如：My English cannot compare with his.我的英语水平不如他。其他三个选项中mat ch意为“相配，相称”，一般不与with搭配；rival with意为“与…竞争，对抗”明显不符合题意；equal意为“比得上，抵得上，等于”，意义相符，但是equal不和with搭配使用。
2. D) 根据句义可知此处正确答案为D pr ovided“提供”。其他三项中bec ame“变成”，不合逻辑；equipped意为“装配，配置”，一般用于equip sb. with sth.，与题义不符；posed 意为“摆姿势，造型”，意义不符。
3. C) 根据此空所在句句义（他们甚至不能像马匹、斑马或一些小动物那样通过快速奔跑
来保护他们自己）和词汇线索可知应使用介词by。
4. B) 根据语义线索可知，由于猿人没有上述能力，因此如果他们在开阔的大草原上和其他动物竞争的话可以想象他们注定会失败，导致最终的灭亡，因此正确答案为doomed，因为be doomed to do意为“注定会……”，例如：The old sick man is doomed to die.这位有病的老人注定要死。
5. D) 根据此空所在句句义（但是他们却被赋予了任何其他的竞争者们所不具有的隐形的优势）和词汇线索可知此空的答案为endowed。Be endowed with意为“赋予，赠与”，例如：He is endowed with genius.他极有天赋。其他三项：bestow意为“给予，授，赠，赐”，一般与on或upon搭配；give不符；present意为“赠送，给予”，不和with搭配。
6. A) 根据词汇线索可知此空应使用介词for，构成固定搭配in the(〖BF 〗one?s) search for，意为“为了寻找，追求”，注意如果search前没有冠词就要使用介词of，例如：In the sea rch for the relevant materials, he came to the National Library.为了寻找相关的资料，他来到了国立图书馆。In search of truth, he give up this profitable job.为了寻求真理，他放弃了这份优越的工作。
7. C) 根据句义（为了寻找森林中的采集物，猿人已经进化成具有立体的视觉和颜色感）和四个选项的词汇意义可以判断developed“发展，进化”为正确答案。Progress是不及物动词，意为“前进，进步，发展”；generate意为“生殖，繁育，产生，形成”；advance意为“ 使前进，发展”。三项都不符。
8. C) 根据语义线索和词汇线索应使用介词beyond，构成固定搭配短语bey ond the reach of 意为“达不到的，力所不及的”。其他介词都不符合题意。
9. B) 根据词汇线索此空应使用副词quite，其他三项都不符。
10. D) 根据语法线索此空需要一个用what或all that来引导they h ad had to do作整个句子的主语，四个选项中只有all可以，构成all they had had to do，其中all后that省略了。
11. A) 根据上句句义，对于栖息于森林中的猴子和猿猴来说，它们可以爬到树上，以获得好的视野。而在平原开阔地带，这个简单的办法就不好使了，因为那里没有树木，因此此空选择available“有效的，可利用的”。
12. B) 根据句义，猿人采纳了唯一可行的解决办法，四个选项中adopt为最佳答案。
13. A) 根据语义线索和语法线索此空需要一个表示让步意义的联系副词，故四个选项中However为正确答案。
14. C) 根据上下文可知，随着猿人不断地坚持直立行走，他们的骨架渐渐地改变，适应了新的、不稳定的姿势。由此可知此题的正确答案为C adapted。be accustomed to意为“适应某种环境或事情”不符合题意。familiarized意为“家喻户晓的，已为人所熟知的”，它的动词原形是“familiarize”，意为“使熟悉，使通晓，使家喻户晓”。suited则指“适宜的，适当的”。
15. D) 根据上下文可猜测句义为：猿人适应了新的姿势，这使他赢得了直立人的名称。由此可知earn“赢得，博得”为正确答案。
突击专四完形填空（12）（附答案详解）
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had ___ 1___ their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the ___ 2___ appeared. She looked very pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she ___ 3___ everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked ___ 4___ any of the passengers knew anyt hing about machines — or at least how to drive a car. ___ 5___ a moment?s hesitation, a man got up and followed the stewardess into the pilot?s cabin.___6___ the pilot aside, the man took ___ 7___ and listened
carefully to the urgent instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport ___8___. The plane was now dangerously ___ 9___ the ground, but to everyone’s ___ 10___, it soon began to climb. The man ___ 11 ___ circle the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls. Following instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield. It shook ___12___ as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but after a long ___ 13___ it stopped safely. ___ 14___, a crowd of people who had been watching anxiously, rushed forward
to congratulate the “pilot” ___ 15___ a perfect landing.
1. A. installed B. fastened C. connected D. snatched
2. A. steward B. pilot C. air hostess D. crew
3. A. announced B. informed C. reported D. made known
4. A. suppose B. if C. was there D. perhaps
5. A. After B. Taking C. For D. In
6. A. Moving B. Persuading C. Lying D. Helping
7. A. place B. flight C. off D. his seat
8. A. under B. down C. below D. ahead
9. A. overlooking B. close to C. seeing D. beyond
10. A. relief B. eye C. good luck D. regret
11. A. must B. had to C. used to D. needed
12. A. the moment B. falteringly C. heavily D. violently
13. A. road B. path C. flight D. run
14. A. Outdoors B. Away C. Beside D. Outside
15. A. for B. in C. over D. on
参考答案及详解
1. B) 根据语义线索可知，故事发生在飞机上，人们坐飞机的时候都要系安全带。“系安全带”用动词fasten seat belts。故选项B为正确答案。
2. C) 根据上句，飞机在飞行过程中，突然出现了异常的晃动，根据非语言线索即常识可知这时一般空中小姐要出来解释一下或察看有没有受伤的乘客，另外根据词汇线索即下文出现的she可指，选项C为正确答案。Steward指男性的乘务员，pilot意为“飞机驾驶员”，crew为“机组”都不合适。
3. B) 根据上下文可判断此句句义：空姐迅速但是小声地告诉大家飞机驾驶员昏了过去。四个选项中announce, report是不及物动词，不符；inform是及物动词，意为“通知”，一般可用在短语inform sb. of sth.或inform sb. that...中，例如：Have you informed the m of your intended departure?你已经通知他们你要离开吗？We were informed that two prisoners had escaped from the prison.我们获知两名犯人从监狱中逃了出来。
4. B) 根据语义线索和语法线索可确定if为正确答案，句义为：…问是否有人知道一些机械原理或至少怎样开车。
5. A) 根据语义线索可知此空应使用介词after，意为：在一阵犹豫之后。
6. A) 根据上文可知飞行员已经昏了过去，所以只有把他移到move一边去，故选项A为正确答案。
7. D) 根据句义：这个人把飞行员移到一边后，坐在了飞行员的位置上，从而可以确定选项D为正确答案。其他三项意义或用法不符。
8. C) 根据语义线索可知此时飞机飞行在机场上空，另外根据语法线索此空需要一个可以放在名词后面修饰的副词，故只有below正确。
9. B) 根据上下文由于开飞机的人并不是飞机驾驶员，他只能靠地面机场传送来的指令操
作飞机，由此可以判断飞机非常贴近地面，也非常危险。故此处使用介词close to。
10. A) 根据语义线索和词汇线索可知选项A为正确答案。to one?s relief是固定搭配，意为“令
人欣慰的”。
11. B) 根据句义和语法线索可知选项B had to为正确答案。
12. D) 根据语义线索可以判断飞机在着陆的时候由于驾驶员不专业，引起了激烈的摇晃，
故选项D为正确答案。Falteringly意为“支吾地，口吃地”，与题意不符。
13. D) 根据文章可知飞机在经过很长的滑行后才停下，故选项D为正确答案。另外其他三
项的词义在此处不符。
14. D) 根据上下文可推测当飞机着陆的时候，许多乘客的家人或有关人员非常焦急地在飞机外边等候，故outside为正确答案。Outdoors意为“室外”，用在此处意义明显不符。
15. D) 根据词汇线索可知选项D为正确答案，意为congratulate ...on... 是固定搭配，例如：
Tom congratulates me on my success in passing the test.汤姆祝贺我通过了这次考试。
突击专四完形填空（13）（附答案详解）
It is fashionable for the amateur administrators who run international sporting events to ___ 1___ that sportsmanship is a thing of the past and to put the blame for everything wrong with sport on the growth of professionalism. They ___ 2___ that when the modern Olympic Games began, athletes felt that ___3___ was sufficient reward for them to compete. They are ___ 4 ___that some athletes today run as work and expect to be paid for what they do. The truth is that ___ 5___ high ideals were always an aspiration and never had ___ 6___ to do with reality. The Olympic Games of 1900 and 1904 were tied up with business, because they ___ 7___ organized as a secondary attraction to international trade fairs. It was a frequent occurrence ___ 8___ athletes to be disqualified for breaking the rules and ___ 9 ____ one occasion the losing team in the Olympic football final ___ 10___ off the field and refused to go on with the game. The love of amateurism and the belief that ___ 11___ is important is how ___ 12___ behave on the field, not whether you win or lose, comes from a time ___ 13___ the only people who played games seriously ___14___ to earn their leaving. Even ___ 15___, it was common for rich men and universities in some
count ries to subsidize “amateurs” by paying their bills or tuition fees.
1. A. complain B. praise C. emphasize D. point out
2. A. were claiming B. would have claimed C. claimed D. claim
3. A. this B. that C. it D. they
4. A. expected B. horrified C. happy D. grateful
5. A. this B. so C. such D. such a
6. A. a great many B. lot C. little D. much
7. A. would be B. should be C. could be D. were
8. A. that B. which C. there D. for
9. A. in B. on C. at D. with
10.A.walked B. set C. ran D. left
11.A.what B. which C. it D. this
12.A.will you B. do C. you D. to
13.A.when B. how long C. that D. for
14.A.need B. didn’t have C. had D. have to
15.A.now B. though C. then D. if
小学四年级英语完型填空练习题 Passage 1 room. It’s 1 room. There are two maps 2 the wall. One is a map 3 This is Peter’s a desk in front of (在……前面) the China, the other is a map 4 the world(世界). There’s a glass. There 7 some tea in it. window. There’s a clock 5 it. Near the 6 there’s There are two pens and some books 8 the desk , too. On the floor there’s a chair and a football under it. Peter studies 9 his room and he10 his room very much. ( )1.A. a quite nice B. a very nice C. very a nice ( )2.A. on B. to C. in ( )3.A. on B. of C. at ( )4.A. in B. near C. of ( )5.A. in B. on C. under ( )6.A. desk B. clock C. window ( )7.A. are B. is C. am ( )8.A. in B. on C. behind ( )9.A. in B. of C. near ( )10.A. like B. looks like C. likes Passage 2 Jim and Bill are 1 .They are 2 twelve. They are American and they are in the same class 3 their school. 4 Li is 5 English teacher. He is a good 6 . They love 7 very much. They have two good 8 . 9 names are Lucy and Lily. They are 10 . ( )1.A. teachers B. workers C. students D. twin ( )2.A. both B. all C. too D. two ( )3.A. at B. in C. of D. to ( )4.A. Mr B. Mrs C. Miss D. Teacher ( )5.A. a B. an C. their D. they ( )6.A. worker B. teacher C. father D. mother ( )7.A. her B. his C. he D. him ( )8.A. friends B. students C. brothers D. sisters ( )9.A. Their B. Our C. They D. They’re ( )10.A. all American B. American girl C. America D. American teachers Passage 3 Kate 1 John are students. They are in 2 Three. Kate is in Class Four. And John 3 in Class Two. 4 are forty-five students in Kate’s class. Twenty-five students 5 boys. There are fifty students in Jim’s 6.Twenty-eight students are girls. They go to 7 at seven in the 8 , and go 9 at three in the 10 . ( )1.A. or B. and C. with
精品文档 英语专业四级完型填空题 Cloze -- Passage 1 Academy Award nominees who go home empty-handed may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life. According to a study published in British Medical Journal on December 21, Oscar-winning screenwriters are more successful, more productive, and more ____1____ than losing nominees; however, they die sooner by about four years. Because success is usually linked to better health, his is the first ____2____ever that success is not associated with improved ____3____, says Donald Redelmeier, lead author of the study. Researchers ____4____down information about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the awards were first handed out 73 years ago. To explain the ____5____findings, he offers two theories. The first is the work-to-death hypothesis. According to Redelmeier, screenwriters are more ____6____to lead unhealthy lifestyles, meaning they smoke more, exercise less, and work a lot of late-night hours, which translates into not enough sleep. Screenwriters don't have a boss to report to, which brings into ____7____Redelmeier's second explanation, the party-hearty hypothesis. When you become a successful screenwriter, you gain status without daily accountability, and as a ____8____your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity, he says. Redelmeier hopes his study will ____9____how important it is to lead a healthy lifestyle. The bottom line, he says, is that greater success may ____10____lead to worse health if people fail to look after themselves. A) longevity B) flourish C) apt D) sometimes E) tracked F) respected G) account H) miracle I) occupation J) puzzling K) stress L) consequence M) internal N) fairly O) restrained Cloze -- Passage 2 Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. It is ____1____ not the
历年专四完形填空及答案
2000年一．The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea silly. They are fluids. The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density. 26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intends B. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore
2008年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析 PART III CLOZE [15 MIN] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two. Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today. Salt may seem rather a strange (31)____ to use as money, (32)_____ in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33)_____ necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34)____, were used as money in some countries until recent (35)_____, and cakes of salt (36)____ buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells (37)_____ as money at some time(38)____ another over the greater part of the Old Worl D. These were (39)___ mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the (40)___ from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, (41)____ coins in many parts of the worl D. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries(42)_____ paper money. It can either be exchanged(43)____ goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, (44)_____ in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The (45)_____ of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old - older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have (46)____ nearly all the more picturesque (47)____ of money, and (48)____ in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (49)____ such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50)____ money will soon be found only in museums.
阅读理解，短文填空与完形填空检测卷 一.阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)。 (A) Hi! I'm Mike. I'm ten years old. This is my grandpa．He likes beef. He is a driver. This is my uncle. He is tall and thin. He likes noodles. He is a cook. This is my sister. She is three. She is cute. She likes fish. I am a student. I like vegetables. ( )1．His grandma is a driver. ( )2．His uncle is tall and thin. ( )3. His sister is cute. ( )4．Mike is three years old. He likes fish. ( )5．Mike is 10 years old. He is a pupil. (B) My name is John. I'm 11．I'm a quiet boy. I have a friend. His name is Tom. He's 12．He has black glasses. He is tall and thin. He has short hair and big eyes. He is very friendly. We are good friends. ( )1．Tom is 12 years old. ( )2．John is a friendly boy. ( )3. Tom has green glasses and a big bag. ( )4. Tom is quiet. ( )5．They are good friends. 二、根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。
2013英语专业四级真题语法、完型填空题及解析 【完形填空原文】 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: Without it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of tax is preferred, should everything be taxed equally? In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s income grows. In England, for example, the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties, in the form of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is got but the tax is fairer, as the rich pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement. 【语法题真题及解析】 51. Facing the board of directors,he didn't deny __________ breaking the agreement. A. him B. it C. his D. its 解析：本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词可以有自己的逻辑（意义）主语，一般可以用名词所有格Tom‘s，代词宾格如him（口语），书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。本题选C，但我还是要吐槽，因为根本就不需要多此一举添加his, he didn't
一四级英语每日练习 Passage 1 It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better 1)______ math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts 2)______ advanced math courses like calculus, that virtually all the great mathematicians 3)______ men. Are women born with 4)______ mathematical ability? Or does society's sexism slow their progress? In 1980, two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried 5)______ the eternal nature/nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow 6)______ 10,000 talented seventh and eighth graders between 1972 and 1979. Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test, in which math questions are meant to measure ability rather than knowledge, they discovered 7)______ sex differences. 8)______ the verbal abilities of the males and females 9)______ differed, twice as many boys as girls scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematical ability; at the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to 1. The conclusion: males have 10)______ superior mathematical reasoning ability. Benbow and Stanley's findings, 11)______ were published in "Science", disturbed some men and 12)______ women. Now there is comfort for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math 13)______ not, after all, a natural male domain. Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenth graders. They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject requiring 14)______ abstract reasoning and spatial ability. The conclusion 15)______ by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in math ability. 1. A. at B. to C. of D. about 2. A. in tackling B. tackling C. to tackle D. about tackling 3. A. might be B. have been C. must be D. had been 4. A. smaller B. less C. fewer D. not more 5. A. to settle B. to set C. settling D. setting 6. A. were tested B. have tested C. were testing D. had tested 7. A. distinct B. instinct C. remote D. vague 8. A. Since B. However C. As D. While 9. A. scarcely not B. virtually C. largely D. hardly 10. A. superficially B. universally C. inherently D. initially 11. A. as B. that C. which D. all 12. A. few B. not a few C. not few D. quite few 13. A. be B. were C. was D. is 14. A. none of B. neither of C. either D. both 15. A. got B. gained C. reached D. accomplished Passage 2 We all know that a magician does not really depend on "magic" to perform his tricks, but on his ability to act at great speed. 16)______, this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 17)______rabbits from a hat. 18)______ the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of 19)______. He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. 20)______ no one really knows how he
人教版四年级英语下册完形填空练习题 根据对话，用首字母填空，单词不能重复使用。 A篇 Kate: Excuse me. What's this in English? Sue: It's an a_____1_______. Kate: And what's this? Sue: It's an e_____2_______. It's purple. Kate: Look, I have four p____3____ and e_____4_____ t_____5____ What about you? Sue: I have t____6____ o_____7____ and s____8____ p____9_____. Kate: What's that in English? Sue: I know! It's a yellow boat. Kate: Are you sure? Sue: Yes! Kate: Look! Sue: Oh, no! It's a b_____10_____. 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________10,__________ B篇 Li Yan: Hi, Mimi! What's your number? Mimi: I'm number s___1___. Li Yan: What's o___2___ and n___3___? Mimi: It's t___4___. Li Yan: That's right! And what's t___5___ and f___6___? Mimi: It's s___7___. Li Yan: What's t___8___ and f___9___? Mimi: It's e___10___. Li Yan: Good! Mimi: Yeah! 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
Flight simulator (飞行模拟器 refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute (1 actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle (2 before they (3 extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new (4 to existing craft. Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to simulate simple aircraft (5 in three dimensions, nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and (6 to left or right. It took until 1929, however , for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton , New York. (7 airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit "blind" flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved (8 risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9 instrument panel and controls that could realistically simulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls (10 instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or (11 climb or descent with no visual reference (12 any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified (13 aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government began purchasing them in 1934, (14 thousands more as World War II approached. Technological advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly (15 The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits , controls , and instrument displays had by then become so inpidualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything (16 the simplest light planes. By the 1950s , the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely (17 the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s (18 digital and hybrid computers were adopted , and their speed and
Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 1 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 2 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 3 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 4 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 5 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 6 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 7 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 8 ___ to consider why or how they run——9 ___ something goes wrong. In the summer of 1959, something 10 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 11 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 12 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 13 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 14. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 15 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 16 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 17 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___ 18. although the police had been ordered to 19 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and 20 ___ as anybody else. 1.A.that B. thus C. as D. so 2. A.car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians 3.A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface 4.A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labour-saving 5.A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently 6.A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly 7. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving 8.A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember 9.A. when B. if C. until D. after 10.A. did B. would C. could D. Should 11.A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill 12.A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless 13. A.although B. when C. as D. even if 14. A.trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked 15.A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors 16.A. time B. instant C. point D. minute 17.A. like B. than C. for D. as 18.A. for B. and C. but D. or 19.A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in 20.A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided