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谈高考英语听力测试 (1)

谈高考英语听力测试 (1)
谈高考英语听力测试 (1)

谈高考英语听力测试

如何提高学生的听力水平,是当前广大师生所关心的问题。本文拟就这个问题谈一些看法。

一、排除影响听力理解的障碍

1.语言障碍

(1)语音、语调

语言首先是有声的,其最本质的物质外壳是语音、语调。学习语言,如果语音不准,又不能正确把握语调,就会失去一定的辩音能力,这势必影响整体的听力理解。所以,语音问题在听力教学中不可忽视,尤其是在语言学习的初始阶段,强化语音训练对提高听力水平更是尤其重要。教师通过讲解、示范帮助学生纠正不正确的发音,辨别相似音素之间的区别,过好音标关,同时,选择适当的录音材料进行模仿、跟读和听写等练习,培养学生对语流中的连读、同化、不完全爆破、弱读、重读、升调、降调等一些语音、语调变化的敏感性以及语速的适应性。教师还可以选用英美人士的对话录音材料,帮助学生在实践中不断掌握技巧,培养语感,熟悉、模仿标准的英语对话和朗读。同时分析说话者如何利用不同的语调表达态度、情感和隐含的内容。

(2)语言知识

语言知识对听力产生的困难体现在词汇、短语、句型和语法等方面。许多人认为:听得越多,听力理解能力越强。诚然,多听是提高听力的一种积极手段,但听力水平的高低不完全取决于听的次数多少,它还与听者的英语知识水平密切相关。

词汇量是英语知识的基础,若没能掌握一定的词汇量,即使在听的过程中能模仿出听到的声音,但却无法把它与所代表的词汇联系起来,便失去对词义的了解,以致影响整体听力理解的水平。

英汉语言结构差异较大,如英语复合句中从句的位置比较灵活,而汉语通常按照事情发生的先后排列语序,在阅读时可以运用语法知识分析句子,但听音过程是快速的心理活动过程,需要在瞬间内完成。所以,学生必须熟练掌握有关的语法知识,了解英语语法结构的规律性,从而提高正确理解句子和段落乃至语篇的敏感性和准确性。

2.心理障碍

根据心理语言学理论,学生的心理因素对听力效果有一定的影响。具备良好的心理素质是提高听力的必要条件。如果听音时积极、主动,充满信心,不带任何心理负担,就可以最大限度地发挥听者的正常水平。

急躁是影响听力的大敌。开始时由于听懂得较少,就容易产生急躁情绪,进而出现连锁反应:急躁一思想分散一自责、抱怨一导致听力失败。教师应遵循教学规律,在教学上对听力材料的难度作适当调整,由浅入深,由简单到复杂,由不完全到逐步完全,由单项听到综合听,使学生逐步适应。同时应向学生指出,只有稳定情绪,持之以恒,经过大量、多次地听,自然会产生效果,另外,还必须认识到听力学习的艰巨性,应正确对待所碰到的困难和挫折,提高自控能力,建立良好的学习心态。 3.文化知识障碍

每个国家和民族在发展过程中形成了自己的文化。了解英语国家的文化

背景对提高听力理解能力有很大的帮助,因为学生在学习母语的过程中已经形成了一种对本民族背景文化的了解和自我认同。因此,要提高听力,不仅要具备一定的语言知识,还应尽可能了解英语国家的社会制度、风土人情、生活习俗、人们的思维方式、行为准则和价值观念等。请看下面一段听力材料:man:i hope l can see you at my birthday party.

woman:oh dear,i‘ve almost forgot, when is it?

man:well, the day after april fools’ day.easy to remember,isn‘t it?

question:when is the man’s birthday?

a. february 2nd

b. april 2nd

c. april 1st

要选对该题答案,必须先听出april fools‘ day,同时还要了解april fools’ day是什么含义,具体是哪个日子。april fools‘ day是西方的一个节日——愚人节,时间为每年的4月1日,中国人一般不过这个节,但学英语的人不可不懂,否则在交际中或听力理解时就会造成障碍。对april fools’ day有所了解的学生就能轻易地选对该题的答案为b 项。

影响听力的主要障碍——语言、心理和文化三个方面是相互影响、相互作用的,因此在教学过程中教师必须采取正确的策略和方法。

二、提高听力水平的训练策略

1.课堂教学中的听力实践

训练学生的听力要与平时的教学紧密结合,充分利用每节课的时间让学生多得到听的机会,以弥补由于缺乏英语环境而造成的接触机会不足。

(1)用英语组织课堂教学

除了使用英语课堂用语外,如问候,指示,解释练习的步骤,纠正错误,表扬等,还要用英语简单地解释词汇含义和用法、句型结构和语法现象等,高中教材中有不少简单易用的语法用语,如sb ⅱ lesson 15中的part 3 writing: find the spelling rule bellow for each group of words. then write the - ing form in the spaces.

a)take off “e” and write "ing".

b)double the final letter and write "ing".

c)add "ing"

d)charge "ie" to "y" and write "ing"

此外,教师还可以利用教材中的词汇。句子、句型和习惯表达法等进行英语组织教学,使学生易懂,注意力集中,以产生学习兴趣,在潜移默化中提高听力水平。

(2)用英语进行课文整体教学

将课文进行支离破碎的语言讲解和句子分析,不利于学生理解和运用语言知识。把课文作为一个整体来教,用听说贯穿整个课文教学过程、既可以提高学生的英语听说能力,又能营造课堂的英语气氛,激发学生的学习兴趣。学生通过听老师讲解生词、介绍课文,做口头回答问题练习、听课文录音、复述段落或课文等。这样就使以听为基础的听、说、读贯穿着整堂课。

(3)听写

听写是训练听力能力的一种好手段,它对促进学生语言能力的全面发展

很有帮助,因为学生既要能听懂又要能用文字记录下来,是需要具备听力、拼写和句型结构等技能和知识的。

听写的方式可以是填词,写课文的句子、段落或课文改写、缩写等。书面表达的参考答案也可以作为听写的形式,在讲评书面表达后,让学生听写参考答案,既练听又练写,这等于让全体学生按范文重新写了一遍、更加深了讲评和纠错的印象。

2.听力训练必须循序渐进

学生听力理解水平的提高是循序渐进的过程,无法一蹴而就。其发展过程大致可以分为4个阶段:①辨音练习阶段;②不需要记忆的辨别和选择阶段;③需要短暂记忆的辨别和选择阶段;④需要较长记忆的辨别和选择阶段。教师应分阶段按不同要求训练学生,目标明确,内容的难度由浅入深,语速由慢到快,应针对各阶段的目标和侧重点有的放矢,各个击破。按《考试说明》,高考听力测试的第一节的第1~5段对话,对话较简短,每段对话只设一个问题,可属于前面所述的第②阶段的听力要求,即不需要记忆的辨别和选择;第二节的第6~9段对话较长,且每段对话均设两个以上的问题,这类试题属于第③阶段的听力要求,即需要短暂记忆的辨别和选择;第10段是独白,有一定长度,设3~4个问题,它属于第④阶段的听力要求,即需要较长记忆的辨别和选择。

3.提高阅读能力有助于提高听的能力

尽管阅读和听力两种训练形式不同,但它们同属于接受性和理解性的语言实践过程,二者有很大共性。在阅读理解和听力理解过程中读者和听者都同样要经历种种认识过程、依赖种种认知效应及其所具备的背景知识,对语篇进行语义分析和构建。因此,读者操练和运用认识过程以及判断推理过程,并不断提高和完善这种能力,显然有助于提高听力理解水平。另外,阅读是一种主要的语言输入来源,它不但增加了学习者接触语言的机会,还丰富了他们对英语国家的文化知识和社会背景的了解,而且在大量的阅读中拓宽词汇量,这些都对听力理解无疑是十分重要的。阅读量越大,英语整体水平就越高,听力水平也会随着“水涨”而“船高”。

4.熟悉高考题型,有利于能力提高

(1)学会预测上下文内容

在用汉语交谈时,我们通常发现自己能自觉或不自觉地替对方完成他(她)接下去要说的话,这便是预测的结果。预测的内容愈多,听起来就愈轻松。用英语交谈也是如此,谈论的话题,谈话的场景,对背景知识的了解,以及英文语义标记等都可以帮助预测。

就语义标记(semantic markers)来说,它是语言含义和结构的信号,表明说话人的思维逻辑。熟悉、拿握语义标记有助于了解说话人的思想。如:

①表示说话人想总结其说话内容的有:to summarise,in a (one)word等;

②表示时间顺序的有:first, secend, third, next, after that, then, last, finally等;③表示原因和结果的有because,as,for,since,so,as a result等;④表示思路转折的有:but,although,though,yet等;⑤表示强调的有:indeed,anyway,in fact等;⑥表示加深程度的有:besides,what’s more, morever等。

(2)抓关键词和主题句

nmet 2000听力测试的第12题:who are the two speakers? a. a man and his wife b. a man and his sister c. a man and his girlfried

该题的答题关键是要能听懂第8段对话中的一句话: it‘s quite unlike when we were first married。若能抓住married这个关键词,便能选对a项。

(3)听前预测,紧扣与试题有关的内容

目前高考所采用的听力试题都是听录音后选项的形式,先阅读题干和选项可以帮助预测将要听到的内容及其重点之所在。学生要充分利用各段对话之间的停顿时间,掠读一遍题干和全部选项,分析对比各选项的不同之处,先做到心中有数,如果选项是姓名、地名、数字、日期等,就要全力抓住这些容易混淆的部分,在听音时注意分辨并加以判断。对于与选项无关的内容,只须听出大意就行,即使有些地方没能听懂也无关大局。如nmet 1999第6段对话:w:excuse me. what did you say you would like to d0, mr green?

m:i said i’d better go back to the hotel. i‘m meeting someone this evening.

w:ok.how are you going back? by bus or taxi?

m:i think i’ll take a taxi. do you know wh ere i can get one?

w:oh,just wait by the road side. i‘ll wait with you.

m:ok.thanks. are the taxi in london all black?

w:well, some of them are. is this your first time in london?

m:yes, it is. do you give extra money to taxi driver here?

w: you mean a tip? oh, yes. they usually expect about ten percent.

m:that’s the same in our country.

w:oh look. here‘s one. taxi!

m:thanks. see you tomorrow.

question 6 :what will the man do in the evening?

a. go to london

b. meet somebody

c. see the woman again.

question 7: where are the speakers?

a. in the street

b. b. in a hotol

c. in at taxi

要解答这两道试题只要了解整段对话的背景,以及与该两题关系较密切的内容。主要是在对话的前半部分,后半部分如关于taxi的颜色和付小费(tips)的事都与答题无多大关系。

(4)边听边记录主要信息

较长的对话或独白所涉及的内容较多,尤其一些关键词语往往较易混淆,即使听得清楚听得准,但是由于材料信息量较大,该记的东西较多,过后便没能准确地回忆起来,如表示时间、日期、年龄、价格、距离的数字,或是地名、人名等。这时可以用笔在试卷的空白处以阿拉伯字或符号的形式记下,以便加深印象,有助于判断、选择正确答案。

(5)培养良好习惯,克服紧张情绪

养成良好听音习惯,保持良好的心理状态,对于提高听力非常重要。在

听音过程中,有相当一部分学生不能直接用英语理解听力材料,而是借助汉语先经过“心译”的中间过程,这无形中增加了理解的中间环节,要跟上语流就会产生困难。这种不良习惯只有通过较大量的实践逐步克服过来。

平时训练不能急于求成,要循序渐进。在听音过程中,对听不懂的词或句或不会做的题目就暂时放过,不要耗费时间去苦思冥想,切忌因急躁而影响后面的内容和试题。因此,保持轻松、沉着的心态十分重要。

2017高考英语听力真题(全国II卷)

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模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题,最全的历年真题,最精准的预测押题! 大学英语六级听力考试试题(五) 一、Listening Comprehension (Section A )(共15小题,共105.0分)In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A He thinks the woman shouldn't speak so openly. B He totally agrees with the woman. C He wants to persuade the woman not to think that way. D He thinks other people also feel that way. 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: I've just finished reading Steve's list of ways of motivating employees to work more efficiently. I really think they're out of touch with reality. M: You just took the words out of my mouth. Let's try to persuade the others to see things our way. Q: What does the man mean? [解析] 语义推断题。关键是听懂男士说的“你说出了我的心声”,即“我和你的想法一致”,故选B 。 第2题 A She bought the ticket on impulse. B She meant to ignore the appointment with her professor. C She wanted to invite her professor to the concert. D She wanted to please the man. 【正确答案】:A

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