英语专业四级语法重点、难点：定语从句
1.Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the su**ce. (2003)
A. where
B. of whose
C. whose
D. which
（C，关系代词在从句中做定语。“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。”）
2.Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. (1994)
A. as were
B. as they are
C. as they were
D. as are
（D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they 是多余的；A的时态与主句不搭配。）
3.______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. (1994)
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. As （D，as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思。“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议。”）
4.This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996)
A. which
B. where
C. whether
D. what （B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策，工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。”）
5. The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997)
A. I think which is
B. that I think is
C. which I think is
D. which I think it is
（C，I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D中it是多余的。）
6.I have never been to London, but that is the city ______. (1997)
A. where I like to visit most
B. I’d most like to visit
C. which I like to visit mostly
D. where I’d like most to visit
（B, 首先排除A，因为the city在从句中作宾语，不能用where引导；C中mostly表示“通常，大部分”，意思不通顺；表示“最想”，用most like,不是like most, most是much的最高级，much一般不修饰不定式，多用于修饰分词。He was much pleased.）
7.She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling. (1998)
A. which
B. before
C. that
D. when （D，从句有自己的主语和宾语，因此不选AC，when引导定语从句在句中作时间状语。B 项不合语法，因为主句的时态是一般过去时，从句却是过去完成时。）
8.I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______. (1999)
A. I’d most like to visit
B. which I like to visit mostly
C. where I like to visit
D. I’d like much to visit
（A，同6。）
9. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced. (2000)
A. whose
B. as
C. what
D. that （D，that在从句中作主语。使用电脑操作的工厂已经发现可以大大减少质检员工的数量。）
10.We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make great differences in our life next summer. (2002)
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they （A，指代前面的整个句子。）
11. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected. (2003)
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what （A，同上。“他们克服一切困难，提前两个月完成了工程，这是我们没有料到的事。”）
英语专业四级语法要点：倒装
1.So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (1994)
A. did he injure
B. injured him
C. was he injured
D. he was injured
(C，倒装，将助动词提到主语前，被动。)
2. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him. (1995)
A. or the police have placed
B. or have the police placed
C. nor the police have placed
D. nor have the police placed (D，AB中的or表示“否则”，与题意不符；nor放在句首要倒装。)
3. ___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004)
A. Only if, will
B. If only, would
C. Should, will
D. Unless, would
(A，only if表示“只有。。。才”，放在句首，句子要倒装；“只有双方都接受和约，永久的和平才有可能建立起来”。if only表示“要是。。。多好”)
英语专业四级语法要点：反意疑问句
1. A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____? (1992)
A. need it
B. needn’t it
C. does it
D. doesn’t it
（C，need是实义动词不是情态动词，hardly是否定副词，因此前面的分句是否定句。）
2.You and I could hardly understand, ______? (1995)
A. could I
B. couldn’t you
C. couldn’t we
D. could we
（D，hardly的解释同上。）
3. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___? (1997)
A. do you
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. won’t you
（B，前面句子是第二人称祈使句时，后面要用will (would) you或won’t you; 本题中，前面的句子是否定句，因此后面用肯定的。）
4.Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you? (2000)
A. can’t
B. don’t
C. wouldn’t
D. won’t
（D，同上。）
5.She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, _____? (2003)
A. hadn’t she
B. hasn’t she
C. wouldn’t she
D. didn’t she
（C，反意疑问句的谓语动词与主句一致。“她如果稍微改变一下就会更受欢迎，对吗？”）
转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a17070715.html,/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/89584.html
not + 比较级+ than, no + 比较级+ than
1. John is _______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. (1998)
A. no less
B. no more
C. not less
D. no so
(A，“约翰的用功绝不亚于他姐姐，可是这次考试他却没及格。”not less than只是比较约翰和他姐姐，没有强调约翰非常用功。)
2.Fat cannot change into muscle _______ muscle changes into fat. (1999)
A. any more than
B. no more than
C. no less than
D. much more than
(A，“脂肪不能转变为肌肉，就像肌肉不能转变为脂肪一样。”not …any more than意思是“和…同样都不…”。)
转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a17070715.html,/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/77546327413864.html
名词性从句
1.We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)
A. whomever
B. who
C. whom
D. whoever
（D，介词to后面是个宾语从句，从句缺主语；whom和whomever虽然可以接宾语从句，但它们不能在从句中作主语，AC不对；whoever语义比who强烈，更贴切。)
2.The team can handle whatever _____. (1997)
A. that needs handling
B. which needs handling
C. it needs handling
D. needs to be handled
(D，whatever引导的分句作handle的宾语，又在从句中作主语，因此不需要再加任何其他主语，ABC都有多余的主语成分。)
3. After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (1999)
A. that
B. there
C. what
D. it
(C，after在句中时介词还是连词？如果是连词，从句中的时态通常为完成体，所以排除连词的可能性。既然after是介词，那么后面必定是宾语从句，后面的从句缺主语，只有what 既引导宾语从句，又在宾语从句中作主语；BD都不能引导宾语从句。A虽然可以引导宾语从句，但不在从句中充当任何语法成分。)
4.Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? (2002)
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. where
(B，situation后的从句是对situation作出具体的解释，因此是同位语从句。)
转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a17070715.html,/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/915173.html
as / though / much as
1.David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lecture d in Africa most of his life. (1993)
A. who
B. if
C. while
D. though
(D，表示转折。答案C while只是表示同时并列的转折。如：While I understand your views, I can’t agree with you.)
2.______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998)
A. Much as
B. Much though
C. As much
D. Though much
(A, much as可看作是固定词组，作连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。如Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid you could not come.)
3.Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (2002)
A. who
B. as
C. that
D. like
(B，有倒装，a./n. + as + 主语+ 助动词be，如：Patient as he is, he can’t bear it any longer.)
4.______ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003)
A. As much as
B. So much
C. How much
D. Much as
(D,much as可看作是固定词组，作连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。如Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid you could not come.)
5. ______, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. (2005)
A. Although he is a socialist
B. Even if he is a socialist
C. Being a socialist
D. Since he is a socialist
(虽然韦尔斯先生是一个社会主义者，但他对工人阶级却没有什么同情心。表转折含义的只有A项。)
转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a17070715.html,/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/6128885471273.html
非限定性从句（不定式、动名词、分词）
1.____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001)
A. To be not tall
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
（D．AC不对是因为动词不定式和动名词的否定结构形式应为not to do, not doing；B动词不定式短语作主语通常表示特定的具体的行为，特别是表示将来的或一次性的行为，To skate on real ice is his dream. D动名词作主语表示抽象一般的概念。Skating on real ice is great fun.）
2.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____ in Africa. (1996)
A. hunted
B. hunting
C. that hunted
D. are hunted
（A，完整结构应为：the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals (from being) hunted in Africa;“此举也许既能保护非洲的其他动物不被猎杀，又能使大象免受灭族之灾”）
3.Th e Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ______. (1998)
A. to stay
B. is to stay
C. to stay at
D. is for staying
（C，stay是不及物动词，必须接介词才能跟宾语。）
4. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid _____. (1996)
A. from being beaten
B. being beaten
C. beating
D. to be beaten
（B，avoid后接动名词做宾语。被动，因此B。“避免被对手打败”）
5. He resented _____ to wait. He expected the minister _____ him at once. (1995)
A. to be asked, to see
B. being asked, to see
C. to be asked, seeing
D. being asked, seeing
（B，resent后接动名词，expect后接不定式。）
6.I never regretted _____ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993)
A. not to accept
B. not having accepted
C. having not accepted
D. not accepting
（D, regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”，事情已经发生了，常用动名词的一般形式表示动作已经发生了。）
7.He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _____ out and three men climbing down it. (1995)
A. throwing
B. being thrown
C. having thrown
D. having been thrown
（B，see可与现在分词或不定式连用，平行结构，后面用了现在分词，这里也用分词；绳梯是被扔出飞机，因此要用被动结构，排除AC；see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe,等词一般不跟分词的完成形式连用。）
8.Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (1999)
A. having made
B. **
C. to have made
D. to make
（C，主语补足语的动作在谓语动词之前发生，用完成时。）
9. AIDS is said _____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. (2002)
A. being
B. to be
C. to have been
D. having been
（C, 同上。）
10.The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004)
A. that he is thinking
B. to be thinking
C. that he is to think
D. to think
（B，“人们认为财政部长正在考虑通过征收新税来增加政府的额外税入。”B“正在考虑”）
11.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time. (1999)
A. had been captured
B. being always captured
C. only to be captured
D. unfortunately captured
（C，“这三人多次企图偷偷越过边界进入邻国，不料每次都被警察抓住。”only to表示出乎意料，通常是不愉快的结果。）
12.This missile is designed so that once ______ nothing can be done to retrieve it. (1995)
A. fired
B. being fired
C. they fire
D. having fired
（A，once连词，一旦，被动，所以A。This missile is designed so that once it is fired …）
13. ______ , he can now only watch it on TV at home. (1998)
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
（C，分词短语的动作在主句动作之前发生，用分词的完成形式。）
14.Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there. (1994)
A. a lot of people were
B. he found a lot of people
C. a lot of people
D. people were found
（B，空处的逻辑主语与arrive保持一致。）
15._____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first. (1994)
A. Not received
B. Since receiving
C. Having received
D. Not having received
（D，receive的主语是she，因此应是主动，A不对；receive的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，所以要用分词的完成形式，否定应是not having done.）
16. ____ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy. (2000)
A. Looking
B. Looked
C. Having looked
D. To look
（B,）
17.There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2000)
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. be
（C．前面分句构成独立主格结构。）
18._____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room. (1996)
A. There was
B. Since
C. Being
D. There being
(D．C中的现在分词短语的逻辑主语不是主句的主语。)
19.The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _____ the most important of these. (1994)
A. have been
B. are
C. being
D. are being
(C．ABD都会使后半部分构成完整的句子，但句中用的是逗号，不能是完整句子。)
20.Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop. (2003)
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being
(D，同上。“农业是这个国家的主要财源，目前小麦是谷物中产量最大的。”)
21.If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004)
A. being treated
B. treated
C. be treated
D. having been treated
(B，If (Jack is) not treated…“如果没有受到他觉得应得的尊敬，杰克的脾气就会变得很坏，并且不停地抱怨。”)
22. Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003)
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
(B，“时间允许的话，庆祝活动将按计划进行”。time和permit是主动关系。)
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转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a17070715.html,/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/510906785415.html 虚拟语气
1. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (2002)
A. Had it not been
B. Hadn’t it been
C. Was it not
D. Were it not
（A，前半句是与过去事实相反的推测。If it had not been …倒装）
2. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to write letters in English. (1999) A. should be B. were C. must be D. are （B，it’s about time that sb. did sth.)
3. _____, I’ll marry him all the same. (2004)
A. Was he rich or poor
B. Whether rich or poor
C. were he rich or poor
D. Be he rich or poor
(D＝whether he is rich or poor)
4.If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (98)
A. shall need
B. should need
C. would need
D. will need
(B，与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，“如果你的车在一年内有任何问题，可送到获得授权的经销商那儿去”)
5.It is imperative that students _____ their term **s on time. (2004)
A. hand in
B. would hand in
C. have to hand in
D. handed in
(A，学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。)
6.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than
I can. (2005)
A. would be
B. will have been
C. was
D. were
(A，if从句是对现在情况的假设。)
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属：专四专八阅读：1021 次评论：7 条[我要评论] [+我要收藏] 有关否定 1)双重否定最常见的形式有： no(not)...but...没有……不…… no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不 no(not)...unless没有……就不…… not...until直到……才…… 例如：There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。 2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over,too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如： You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。 We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。 break 是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎。 If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿。crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片。 You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 crush
强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状。 To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。 The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼 的大部分窗玻璃。smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废。 He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题 1. ____ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world. A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although 2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ____ in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to becreated C. having been created D. beingcreated 3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A. did B. do do D. would do 4. It has been proposed that we ____ our decision until the next meeting. C. can delay D. are to delay 5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour____ originate over tropical ocean waters. A. which B. who to 6. ____ is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large-scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.
英语专业四级语法汇总 语法回顾篇： 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点） 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did (be用were)， 主句谓语动词would (should, could, might)+do； 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done， 主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done； 例如： 43. I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying KEY: C 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t KEY: C 考点3.与将来事实相反， 从句谓语动词用：did (should + do或were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用：would (should, could, might)+do。
英语专业四级语法和词 汇总结 集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#
but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”；none other than 意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。 . taxes B. payment付款 C. fees手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金 3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会 4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world. A. it is B. as is C. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略 D. what is 5. A. set out?开始as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up开业,开始经商 D. set about开始、着手 6. proliferation?扩散fair庙会、交易会 7. tumble to 突然察觉 come to意为“降临，发生 8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解” 9. go with意为“与…相配”；go by意为“根据…作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述；讨论 10. on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。for与by不与principle搭配。 11. take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于”。 12. know better than to do sth应该知道不该做某事 13. in one’s honor?为…的荣誉on one’s honor 以名誉担保a point of honor涉及荣誉的事? 14. might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”
英语专业四级历年语法试题 虚拟语气部分 1. If you _____ in such a hurry, you _____ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (TEM4-1992-50) A. were not, would not put B. were, would put C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put 2. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded. (TEM4-1992-55) A. Hadn’t been for B. Had not it been for C. It hadn’t been for D. Had it not been for 3. She asked that she _____ allowed to see her son in police custody. (TEM4-1993-50) A. would be B. could b C. be D. was 4. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.
(TEM4-1994-53) A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 5. It was recommended that passengers _____ smoke during the flight. (TEM4-1994-58) A.not B. need not C. could not D. would not 6. _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with questions. (TEM4-1994-62) A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized D. As I realized 7. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. (TEM4-1995-65) A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 8. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属:专四专八阅读：１021 次评论：７条 [我要评论] ［+我要收藏］ 有关否定 1）双重否定最常见的形式有: no(not）.。．ｂut．．。没有……不……?no（noｔ)．．.ｗithoｕt.。.没有……不,除……不 ｎｏ(ｎot）...uｎｌess没有……就不…… not。。。untｉl直到……才…… 例如:Thｅre is no one but ｋnows iｔ。没有一个人不知道此事． ２)caｎ not与副词tｏo，enｏugh, sｕffiｃieｎtly， oｖer，too much等词连用时,意为“无论怎样也不过分＂，“越…越”。例如:?Yoｕｃaｎnot be too caｒeful。你越仔细越好。 We cannot pｒaise hiｍｔoｏｍucｈ.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack， cｒｕsh， shａttｅｒ,break，sｍaｓh?这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎"的意思。 breａk 是这组词中最常用的,指使某件东西破碎。 If ｙou ｂｒeaｋ that vase, you’ll hａve to pay fｏr it。如果打破了那只花瓶,你就得赔偿。 ｃrack?指打裂某物,但不一定打碎,因而通常不会成为碎片。?Ｙou may ｃrack theｓｅ nuts witｈ a ｈammer。你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 cｒush 强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形,或成小块,或可恢复原状。 Tｏ mａke wine, ｙou first crush the ｇrapes。若要造酒,需先将葡萄压碎. shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。?The eｘplosio ｎ shaｔtered ｍｏst ｏf the ｗiｎdows in ｔhｅbuｉldinｇ。爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃. sｍash?突出暴力,击打时动作较猛,被击打的东西往往完全报废。?Ｈｅ smaｓhe ｄｔhe winｄow witｈ a bｒｉck.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题
综英专四真题 一、谓语动词 63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. （2008） A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes 58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ____in the road construction project. （2007） A. arise B. will arise ? C. arose D. have arisen 59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____impossible to comprehend. (2006) A. had found B. finds C. has found D. would find（2007） 60.He would have finished his college education, but he______ to quit and find a job to support his family. （2007） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday. (2005) A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came 55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005) A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be 56.Jack __ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. 2003 A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed 2. For some time now, world leaders ___out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. 2002 a. had been pointing b. have been pointing c. were pointing d. pointed 二、非谓语动词： 非谓语动词–分词
English英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。 注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下： mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下： 如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事” 如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”
如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下： 如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：It’s no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth. 如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句： There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.
英语专四语法句子成分 (必须的成分：主语和谓语。可能有的成分：宾语、补语、修饰语「定语、状语、同位语」) 主语 (1)主语(Subject)一般在句子开头，是句子的“陈述对象”，通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或从句、引用充当。如： The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都喜爱他们的英语老师。 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛是有害的。 What we need is a good rest. 我们需要的是好好休息一下。 “I love you”is often heard on Valentine's Day. 情人节时，经常听到有人说“我爱你”。 (2)形式主语与真实主语(Formal Subject and Real Subject) 主语是不定式短语、动名词短语或分句时，常会放在句尾，用it代替它原来的位置，这个it 称为形式主语，放在句尾的原主语为真实主语。如： It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。(不定式短语为真实主语，it为形式主语。) It's a pity that you can't come. 你不能来真是件遗憾的事。(句子为真实主语，it为形式主语。) 谓语 全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面: Here are some registered letters for you. In came a man with a white beard. 在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面: Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post. I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class. Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task. 以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前. “We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.” I am quite willing to help and so are the others. He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary. “I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
英语专八专四学习复习资料English 英语专四语法重点汇 总 ,禁止下载使用。版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下： mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下： 如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”
“不能不做某事””——can do nothing but do“如： 如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下： 如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：It's no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth. 如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句： There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions
英语专业四级词汇语法练习题(一) 1. All of the plants now farmed on a large scale were developed from plants ____wild. A. that once grow B. once they grow C. they once grew D. once grew 2. By the time you graduate，we____in Australia for one year. A. will be staying B. will have stayed C. would have stayed D. have stayed 3. He appreciated____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature. A. having given B. to have been given C. to have given D. having been given 4. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds ____his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law. A. on which to base B. which to be based on C. to base on which D. on which to be based 5. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems，____ water shortage is the worst. A. not to mention B. of which C. let alone D. for what 6. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe ____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. A.so that B. but that C. provided that D. in that 7. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives，____stress. A.so is B. as it is C. and so is D. the same is 8. Victor took a bus and headed for home，____if his wife would have him back. A. not to know B. not known C. not knowing D. not having known9. We can make an exception ____. A. in any case of John B. in case of John C. in case of John’s D. in the case of John 10. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China，his father ___ college. A. attended B. had been attending C. was attending D. has been attending 11. My cat is a fussy eater，but my dog is so ____that she’ll swallow down anything that is put in front of her. A. indiscriminate B. choosy C. indefinite D. picky 12. “This house is more ____than the federal government！”Mac complained to his parents. “You have rules for everything.” A. systematic B. democratic C. bureaucratic D. public 13. The American people’s ____of being polite is different from that held here in China. A. mind B. concept C. consideration D. thought 14. Well，that is probably all I can say about sports. Next time I’ll take up the topic of some other ____activities. A. refreshment B. entertainment C. pleasure D. leisure 15. Where there is an earthquake，energy is ____in one area along a crack in the earth crust. A. repelled B. released C. run D. rushed 16. The old gardener used to keep all his tools and do it yourself equipment in a ____in the garden. A. barn B. room C. hut D. shed 17. I’ve got a big coffee____on the front of my dress. A. pore B. patch C. stain D. grease 18. She broke her leg，but the ____healed quickly. A. fracture B. injury C. skeleton D. cavity 19. You’d better add them up. I’m not good at ____. A. figures B. characters C. summaries D. counters 20. The girl chose some very pretty ____paper for the present. A. covering B. wrapping C. packing D.collecting
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
专四语法词汇（11） 1. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in __ with his income. A、comparison B、proportion C、association D、calculation 2. The President made his last public __ before his term of office ended. A、appearance B、engagement C、gathering D、meeting 3. There is no much time left, so I’ll tell you about it__. A、in detail B、in brief C、in short D、in all 4. The population is leveling __ in the area as a result of family planning. A、with B、off C、up D、against 5. The rain was heavy and __ the land was flooded. A、consequently B、continuously C、constantly D、consistently 答案：1-5 A A B B A 1．选 A ①in comparison with与……比较起来（可比相同点或不同点）The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those of New York. ②in proportion to与……成比例The insolence of the vulgar is in proportion to their ignorance: they treat everything with contempt which they do not understand. ③in association with 与……联合，与……共同They finished the work in association with their friends. 2．选 A make one’s last appearanc e 最后一次露面 3．选 B ①in brief简短地，简言之This, in brief, is the answer to the argument. ②in short 总之，用在表总结的场合You can’t make me! I won’t do it! In short, no! 4．选 B ①level off达到平衡，稳定Prices leveled off after the inflation ended. ②level with和……一样，坦率诚实地对待She leveled with him and felt better for it. ③level up 使……升高，到同一个平面上，提高We should level the output of our factory up to that of the advanced. ④level against对某人提出（控告）Some of the criticisms leveled against us are not altogether