English英语专八专四学习复习资料
英语专四语法重点汇总
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一、非谓语动词的主要考点
1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：
mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔
2. 不定式的习惯用法
典型句型整理如下：
如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”
如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”
如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”
如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”
如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”
如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”
例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.
When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.
3. 动名词的习惯用法
典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：
如：be busy/active doing sth.
如：It’s no good/use doing sth.
如：spend/waste time doing sth.
如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.
如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.
如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.
例句：
There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）
牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受
I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.
二、形容词与副词及其比较级
1. 形容词的句法功能
形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：
(1) 以“a”开头的形容词
如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的
例句：Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.
Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.
(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等
(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语
这些典型单词罗列如下：
“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等
例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。
There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperation will prove unworkable. 这种合作模式大有可能行不通。
2. 某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念
这些典型词汇总结如下：
“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“prefer to”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differ from”、“compared with”、“in comparison with”、“different from”、“rather than”等
例句：After visiting at weekends, I think their villa is superior to all the other villas in the countryside.
3. 有关比较级的特殊句型
(1) not so much…as…与其说…还不如说…
例句：The major reason for his suicide isn’t so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.
(2) no/not any more…than…两者一样都不…
例句：It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain altogether.
(3) no /not any less…than…两者一样都…
例句：I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school, and particularly speaking, mathematics was no any less
good than physics at that time.
(4) just as…so…正如…，…也…（会使用到倒装结构）
例如：Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food, so is the ice cream.
三、虚拟语气
简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想的情况。
时态：可表示过去、现在和将来，特征是时态相应退后。
1. 与现在事实相反的主观假设：
例句：
If there were an English dictionary, we could consult it for this difficult word.
If my bigger brother were here, he would do us a favor to move the
heavy box.
2. 与过去事实相反的主观假设：
例句：
If he had studied more diligently, he would have passed the exam undoubtedly.
If my favorite teacher had been here yesterday, I would have paid more attention to the lesson.
If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.
3. 与将来事实相反的主观假设：
例句：
If you made great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.
If you were to make great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.
If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.
混合条件句：
主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。
例句：
If you had finished your homework by yourself yesterday（过去）, you would not copy other’s answers in a hurry（现在）.
If you had asked your mother how to cook last week（过去）, you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish（现在）.
虚拟语气的倒装
如果从句中有were，should，had，则需要倒装。
倒装方法：将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。注：如果从句中没有were，should，had，则不能省略if，也不
可倒装。
例句：
原句：If my bigger brother were here, he would help us to move the heavy box.
倒装：Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.
原句：If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.
倒装：Had the child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.
原句：If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.
倒装：Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.
虚拟语气词：should
很简单，三种形式
（1）It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.（具有命令，建议，要求等口吻的动词过去分词）+ that sb should （should
可省略）do （动词原形）sth.
注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。
例如：
原句：
It is suggested that students (should) use dictionary in exam.
宾语从句：
I suggest that students (should) use dictionary in exam.
表语从句：
My suggestion is that students (should) use dictionary in exam.
同位语从句：
I provided a suggestion that students (should) use dictionary in exam.
（2）It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc. （带有主观色彩的形容词）+ that sb (should) do sth.
（3）It is a pity/a shame, etc. （名词性词组）+ that sb (should) do sth.
虚拟语气特殊句型：
It is high （high可省略）time that …该是……的时候了“that …”从句动词可以用
（1）过去时
（2）should（不能省略）+ 动词原形
例句：
It is (high) time that we should draw up a contract.
It is (high) time that we drew up a contract.（草拟合同）
含蓄虚拟语气
除了常规的连词if以外，还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。
1. Without “要是没有……”
例句：Without the rescue of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.
2. But for “要不是……”
例句：But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.
3. Under…“在某种情况下……”
例句：Under such circumstances, the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.
4. With…“有……的前提下”
例句：With the data collected one month earlier, we could finish the project more efficiently.
5. In the absence of …“如果没有……”
例句：In the absence of law, women would continue to lack their rights to vote on their own.
6. Otherwise “否则”
例句：We didn’t know his educational background and achievement in this field, otherwise we would have fired him.
7. If it were not for …“要不是……（用于现在的情况）”
例句：If it were not for the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China, we could not lead a happy life.
8. If it had not been for …“要不是……（用于过去/已经发生的情况）”
例句：If it had not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.
倒装：Had it not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.
9. as if/as though…“好像…似的”
按照具体的语境，既可以用虚拟语气（表示与实际情况相反、主观臆断）、也可以用陈述语气（表示实现的可能性较大或所说情
况即是事实）
例句：
Time can take away our happiness and sadness as if/though it was endowed with magic power.（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气）
My teacher has contributed herself a lot as if/though she was a candle, which lights others and consumes itself.（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气）
The student studied industriously as if/though he had never felt tired and exhausted.（与过去事实相反的虚拟语气）
The boy still stays calm as if/though he has known the beginning and the end of the matter already.（就是事实，按实际的时态即可）
四、定语从句
简明概述：定语从句在句中充当定语的角色，修饰句中前面所提到的名/代词。被修饰的名/代词称为先行词。
关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）：
注：没有what
关系代词所代替的主要是人或物的名/代词，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
who, whom, that 都可代替人
例句：
Is the boy who/that cheated in the examination? (who/that作为从句主语，代替the boy)
He is the man whom/that we won’t recruit due to his criminal records. (who/that作为从句宾语，代替the man)
whose 可指代人或物
注：如果whose指物的话，也可以用of which来代替。
例句：
Our conversation was stopped by a man whose hair is blonde.
I lent him this book whose pages curled up due to my constant use. =I lent him this book the pages of which curled up due to my constant use.
which, that 代替事物
例句：
We’ll never forget the atrocious violence which/that was committed by Japanese soldiers.
Is that fashion show (which/that) you were talking about just now?（作宾语时可省）
关系副词（when, where, why）：
关系副词分别代替的先行词为时间、地点和原因，在从句中充当状语的角色。
注：when, where, why 也可用“介词+ which”来代替。
例句：
This was the moment when/at which the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.
Xi’an is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in which millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.
Is this the reason why/for which there is a severe shortage of funds for our research?
注：that 是可以代替关系副词的，即that可取代“when, where, why”和“介词+which”的形式。（在口语中that可省略）
注：介词后面的关系词不能省略，而且that前不能有介词
例句转换：
This was the moment that the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.
Xi’an is one of the most famous cultural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.
Is this the reason that there is a severe shortage of funds for our
research?
限制性/非限制性定语从句
重点概括整理：限制性定语从句先行词是不能省略的，因为省了先行词的话，句子的意思就会变得不完整和不明确，缺少必要的说明解释。而非限制性定语从句是先行词的额外说明，是可以省略的，省了也不会影响句子的意思和整体性，并且与主句之间常用“，”隔开。
比较例句：
This is the book(which/that) I bought yesterday. （限制性）
This book, I bought yesterday, is very inspiring. （非限制性）
通常是非限制性定语从句的情况分析：
Steven Spielberg, (whom) I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field, won another Oscar Award this year. （专有名词/人名）
My beloved dog, (which) I bought 5 years ago, has caught a bad cold recently. （有物主代词的时候）
This experiment, which was conducted last weekends, proves to be a
big success. （有指示代词的时候）
Her child was always absent-minded in learning and failed in exams, which made her disappointed once again. （由which代替整句主句）
关系代词that的特殊用法总结（只能用that的情况）：
先行词既包含人又包含物，只用that，不用which
例句：The volunteers were talking about the nonprofit organization and its staff that made an indelible impression on them.
当不定代词作为先行词（如anyone，anything，nothing，any，everything，something，little，few，much，all等），只用that，不用which
例句：He shared everything with us that aroused his interest in chemistry at school.
先行词用the only/very 修饰时，只用that，不用which
例句：The girl is the only student that will blush with shyness when talking with boys.
先行词是序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that，不用which
例句：
The first English award that I won was an English debate competition held by Foreign Languages Institute at my university. This was the busiest period that we spent last year in project-consulting and research industry.
在There be句型中，只用that，不用which
例句：There was a ship that passed through a strait.
五、名词性从句
简明概述：名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组/成分。由于它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句（总称）又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下：
1. 连接词：that, whether, if （只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不作任何成分）
注：
2. 连接代词：what (whatever), who (whoever), whom, whose, which (whichever)
3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how
注：连接代词和连接副词作主语时，也常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语。
例句：
It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study.
It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.
注（1）：引导主语从句的连接词不可省略
例句：That the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.
注（2）：引导同位语从句的连接词不可省略
例句：We worried about the forecast that there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities（一线城市）in the following three years.
注（3）：表示“是否”的时候，只用whether不用if的情况1. 后有“or not”
例句：It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the standard of people’s lives or not.
2. 引导表语从句
例句：The keynote is whether children’s safety can be guaranteed.
3. 引导主语从句并在句首
例句：Whether the experiment could be conducted (or not) remained unknown to the students.
4. 作介词宾语
例句：The child is fearful of whether another war will break out at any moment.
六、倒装
简明概述：倒装句由全部倒装和部分倒装组成。全部倒装是把句中的谓语部分全部挪到主语前面，时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时；部分倒装则是将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词倒装于主语之前。如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需要我们帮助补充助动词，如do，does，did，并将它们放在主语的前面。
全部倒装（时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时）：
A.句中如有副词here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, etc.位
于句首，谓语动词为come, go, be, stand, fall, lie, etc.
典型例句：
Away ran the child.
There lives a tiger.
Here is your money.
B. 表示方位/运动方向的副词（如in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.）位于句首，谓语表示运动的动词（如come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc.）。
例句：Away swam a whale.
C. 地点状语位于句首
例句：Under the tree rested an old lady.
D. There be …句型
例句：
There is（注意主谓一致）a radio, two television sets and ten chairs in this room.
There are many TV programs in prime time（黄金时间段）.
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属：专四专八阅读：1021 次评论：7 条[我要评论] [+我要收藏] 有关否定 1)双重否定最常见的形式有： no(not)...but...没有……不…… no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不 no(not)...unless没有……就不…… not...until直到……才…… 例如：There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。 2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over,too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如： You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。 We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。 break 是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎。 If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿。crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片。 You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 crush
强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状。 To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。 The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼 的大部分窗玻璃。smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废。 He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题 1. ____ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world. A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although 2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ____ in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to becreated C. having been created D. beingcreated 3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A. did B. do do D. would do 4. It has been proposed that we ____ our decision until the next meeting. C. can delay D. are to delay 5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour____ originate over tropical ocean waters. A. which B. who to 6. ____ is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large-scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.
大学英语四级语法精要 一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等) （一）时态 1、主动形式 过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do 进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / / 2、被动形式 过去现在将来过去将来 一般was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成进行/ / / / · CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ·时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时所有的过去 用一般现在时表示现在和将来 现在完成时现在完成和将来完成 3、现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. · I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve bee n sitting in the garden. 4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 · We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. · By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. · I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. （二）语态 1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: · He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. ·能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的
英语专业四级语法汇总 语法回顾篇： 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点） 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did (be用were)， 主句谓语动词would (should, could, might)+do； 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done， 主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done； 例如： 43. I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying KEY: C 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t KEY: C 考点3.与将来事实相反， 从句谓语动词用：did (should + do或were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用：would (should, could, might)+do。
英语专业四级历年语法试题 虚拟语气部分 1. If you _____ in such a hurry, you _____ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (TEM4-1992-50) A. were not, would not put B. were, would put C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put 2. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded. (TEM4-1992-55) A. Hadn’t been for B. Had not it been for C. It hadn’t been for D. Had it not been for 3. She asked that she _____ allowed to see her son in police custody. (TEM4-1993-50) A. would be B. could b C. be D. was 4. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.
(TEM4-1994-53) A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 5. It was recommended that passengers _____ smoke during the flight. (TEM4-1994-58) A.not B. need not C. could not D. would not 6. _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with questions. (TEM4-1994-62) A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized D. As I realized 7. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. (TEM4-1995-65) A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 8. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
No matter what / who / which / how / when / where / whether引导的让步状语从句： No matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world he’d known was gone. (课文中) No matter what he is wearing, you must serve him. 这一结构大都可以由-ever 构成的合成词代替： Whatever（代词）he is wearing, you must serve him. 但no matter 结构只能引导让步状语从句，而-ever构成的合成词除了引导让步状语从句，还能引导主语从句、宾语从句。 Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.(引导宾语从句, 不能换成no matter what).
（课文中: Para6）He went wherever（副词）I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. （课文中:Para12）We were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present. However（程度副词，常与形容词和副词连用）rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money. However carefully you drive, you will probably have an accident eventually. Whoever （代词）gains the most points wins the competition. Whichever（代词）of them gains the most points wins. Whichever (形容词) team gains…. 有时whatever, wherever可以表示说话人不知情或不关心 He lives in Wick, wherever that is.（…谁知道那地方在哪儿。）
四级语法知识点总结 一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 2．被动形式 CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /
二：非谓语动词 1．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属:专四专八阅读：１021 次评论：７条 [我要评论] ［+我要收藏］ 有关否定 1）双重否定最常见的形式有: no(not）.。．ｂut．．。没有……不……?no（noｔ)．．.ｗithoｕt.。.没有……不,除……不 ｎｏ(ｎot）...uｎｌess没有……就不…… not。。。untｉl直到……才…… 例如:Thｅre is no one but ｋnows iｔ。没有一个人不知道此事． ２)caｎ not与副词tｏo，enｏugh, sｕffiｃieｎtly， oｖer，too much等词连用时,意为“无论怎样也不过分＂，“越…越”。例如:?Yoｕｃaｎnot be too caｒeful。你越仔细越好。 We cannot pｒaise hiｍｔoｏｍucｈ.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack， cｒｕsh， shａttｅｒ,break，sｍaｓh?这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎"的意思。 breａk 是这组词中最常用的,指使某件东西破碎。 If ｙou ｂｒeaｋ that vase, you’ll hａve to pay fｏr it。如果打破了那只花瓶,你就得赔偿。 ｃrack?指打裂某物,但不一定打碎,因而通常不会成为碎片。?Ｙou may ｃrack theｓｅ nuts witｈ a ｈammer。你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 cｒush 强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形,或成小块,或可恢复原状。 Tｏ mａke wine, ｙou first crush the ｇrapes。若要造酒,需先将葡萄压碎. shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。?The eｘplosio ｎ shaｔtered ｍｏst ｏf the ｗiｎdows in ｔhｅbuｉldinｇ。爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃. sｍash?突出暴力,击打时动作较猛,被击打的东西往往完全报废。?Ｈｅ smaｓhe ｄｔhe winｄow witｈ a bｒｉck.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题
综英专四真题 一、谓语动词 63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. （2008） A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes 58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ____in the road construction project. （2007） A. arise B. will arise ? C. arose D. have arisen 59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____impossible to comprehend. (2006) A. had found B. finds C. has found D. would find（2007） 60.He would have finished his college education, but he______ to quit and find a job to support his family. （2007） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday. (2005) A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came 55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005) A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be 56.Jack __ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. 2003 A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed 2. For some time now, world leaders ___out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. 2002 a. had been pointing b. have been pointing c. were pointing d. pointed 二、非谓语动词： 非谓语动词–分词
大学英语四级语法精要 Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) 1. 时态 1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I’d been working f or some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three yea rs. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 2. 语态 1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,underst and等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数
English英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。 注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下： mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下： 如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事” 如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”
如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下： 如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：It’s no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth. 如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句： There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.
英语专四语法句子成分 (必须的成分：主语和谓语。可能有的成分：宾语、补语、修饰语「定语、状语、同位语」) 主语 (1)主语(Subject)一般在句子开头，是句子的“陈述对象”，通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或从句、引用充当。如： The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都喜爱他们的英语老师。 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛是有害的。 What we need is a good rest. 我们需要的是好好休息一下。 “I love you”is often heard on Valentine's Day. 情人节时，经常听到有人说“我爱你”。 (2)形式主语与真实主语(Formal Subject and Real Subject) 主语是不定式短语、动名词短语或分句时，常会放在句尾，用it代替它原来的位置，这个it 称为形式主语，放在句尾的原主语为真实主语。如： It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。(不定式短语为真实主语，it为形式主语。) It's a pity that you can't come. 你不能来真是件遗憾的事。(句子为真实主语，it为形式主语。) 谓语 全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面: Here are some registered letters for you. In came a man with a white beard. 在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面: Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post. I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class. Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task. 以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前. “We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.” I am quite willing to help and so are the others. He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary. “I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
英语专八专四学习复习资料English 英语专四语法重点汇 总 ,禁止下载使用。版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下： mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下： 如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”
“不能不做某事””——can do nothing but do“如： 如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下： 如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：It's no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth. 如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句： There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。