2020年高考英语一轮复习专题卷：专题八《七选五说明类专练》
第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共40分）
一．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A（考点24中难）
The USA is a society formed by many different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new traditions and cultures.①__________
②__________They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, honestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues.
Americans always keep advancing with the times. ③__________In America, it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners in marriage.
In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the parents and children living under one roof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in.④__________Many immigrant families also feature several generations living under one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders’ needs and valuing their opinions.
When people from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mixing shared customs at the same
time. ⑤__________However, with a little effort, children in these families can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids.
A.Many Americans find happy life is important.
B.They are also taught to respect their parents at all costs.
C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures.
D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects.
E.American children refuse to follow their parents’ advice and always argue with them.
F.Changing rather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement.
G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can m eet halfway and stand in the other’s shoes.
B（考点24中难）
I still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. When I stepped onto the elevator, each one was full of people. ①___________ However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time. ②___________ The canteen followed this schedule, only being open a few hours per day.
When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left
behind. ③___________ Unlike my school lunchroom, here everyone lined up and took a tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons.
As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right, ④___________ I ended up taking a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad.
I have been at my company for over a year and a half. ⑤___________ I have l earned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to me.
I am still getting used to eating lunch at "lunchtime", but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day. I wish there were something like this at offices in my hometown.
A. I thought I had missed a fire drill.
B. There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime.
C. I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different.
D. I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.
E. The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.
F. And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.
G. I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.
C（考点24中难）
Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100.
Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to fit in. ①__________Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.
The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a "critically endangered" language is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. New York '
s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An " extinct" language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example. ②__________
③__________In the same way, different languages contribute to cultural diversity. Saving these
languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world and what it values. A language may describe something in a
way that is funny , too. In Welsh , it rains not cats and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.
The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing. ④__________ However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach the Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond.
⑤__________At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers.
A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008.
B. Why should we save endangered languages?
C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment.
D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered.
E. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life?
F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.
G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.
D（考点24中难）
Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. ①________
The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (纸莎草）plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.②_______So parchment (羊皮纸)，made from goatskin， later took its place.
In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.③________Papermaking later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand.
④______They carved (雕刻）a page of word's into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words.
⑤_______ Once a luxury (奢侈品）only the rich could buy. it soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy,
A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.
B.It took years to finish making just one book.
C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands.
D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.
E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.
F.Books in the West didn't change for a long time after that.
G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.
第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）
语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（1）
Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life.①__________is very difficult to find a better definition(定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person ②__________考点10 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. In time of trial(尝试) , he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.
Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very ③__________考点06 (care) with our choice of a friend. We should ④__________(choice) those people with a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid ⑤__________考点08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much ⑥__________possible.
A true friend can always ⑦__________考点09 (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends share their joys ⑧__________考点12 unhappiness. They help each other when they are ⑨__________考点03
trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad. ⑩__________考点01 most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don’t forget him or her.
（2）
The British Museum, ①___________考点08 (locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one of the largest in ②___________ 考点04 (exist). It has been ③___________ 考点06 (wide) sourced , documenting the story of human culture ④___________ 考
点03 its beginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in ⑤___________ 考点01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects
⑥___________ 考点10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses ⑦___________考点04 (collection) of natural history,and the books and manuscripts(手稿) o nce it ⑧___________考点09 (hold) now form part of the independent British Library, ⑨___________ 考点12 it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works ⑩___________考点08 (represent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern.
（3）
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ①__________was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months
②__________考点06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.
We③__________考点09 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ④__________考点12 for the week after. I didn't understand ⑤__________this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ⑥__________考点03 the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was ⑦__________考点06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ⑧__________考点01 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ⑨__________考点13 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little⑩__________考点08 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
（4）
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ①__________考点03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into ②__________考点01 popular pastime.
This sociable feast involves drinkin g good quality tea ③__________考点06 (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, ④__________考点08 (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a ⑤__________考点06 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.
Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its ⑥__________考点04 (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. ⑦__________考点13 it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place ⑧__________考点08 (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid ⑨__________考点08 (ask) to leave.
Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”. I’m sure once you try it, you ⑩__________考点09(agree).
参考答案
一、七选五
A、答案：D; A; F; B; C
B、答案：ABEDF
解析：
本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。
1. A【解析】根据下文“然而,并没有着火的迹象,人们都有说有笑” 可知,设空处的内容需说明一下为何提到“有着火的迹象”。A项“我本以为我错过了消防演习”解释了为何作者会认为应该出现着火的情况,故选A项。
2. B【解析】根据“我突然想起在中国每一个人几乎都在同一时间吃午饭”和下文“餐厅遵守着这个时间表”可知,B项“根本没有什么紧急情况,只不过是午饭时间而已”符合语境,故选B项。
3. E【解析】下文“每个人排着队,拿着一个托盘,还有筷子和汤匙而不是银餐具”描述的是买饭时的场景,由此可知,E项“这个餐厅让我想起我的学校的餐厅”是对作者看到的餐厅场景的总结,且E项中的school lunchroom与下文呼应,故选E项。
4. D【解析】根据上文中描述的周围同事取菜的场景和下文中提到的“我最终选择了黄瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知,设空处应该与作者取午餐相关,D项“我觉得我应该快速作决定”是对作者取到午餐前的心理描写,符合语境,故选D项。
5. F【解析】根据设空前的“我在公司已经一年半多了”以及设空后的“主要是通过反复摸索以后,我已经知道了我喜欢吃什么菜,许多员工也认识我了并且和我打招呼”可知,该段的内容是对作者熟悉在中企工作后的描写,F项“现在我可以很高兴地说我在餐厅更加自信了”是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写,故选F项。
C、答案：F; A; C; G; E
解析：
1.由第二段内容可知,整段都在说明语言消失的原因,所以小题1也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故F选项切题。
2.由.An " extinct" language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.可知,已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的是:说这种语言的最后一人死于2008年,这种语言也就永远消失了。符合对前文的解释。故A选项切题。
3.由第三段可知,第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由in the same way可知,小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境,以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。
4.由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知,这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题2要说明他们具体的做法。故G选项切题。
5.由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the
3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than
4 million speakers.可知,至少有一种语言做到了。在1881年,一位名叫Eliezer Ben-Yehuda的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。今天,它是以色列的官方语言之一,有400
多万使用者。所以通过回答和举例说明,我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗?”。故E选项切题。
D、答案：DAEGC
解析：1. D〔提示：根据第二段第—句 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus plants.(古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填与“把故事写下来”相关的内容。〕
2. A〔提示:根据前后文，由于纸莎草做的东西可以记录故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方式.后文又提到一种羊皮纸后来取代了纸莎草，说明其他地方的人得到纸莎草不容易，才会选择转代物，A项符合语境。〕
3. E〔提示：根据前一句 Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.(用树木制造的纸，相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。〕
4. G〔提示:这一空为句首的句子，所以结合整段内容可知，这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易迅速。结合选项G中的 speed 可以得出答案。〕
5. C〔提示:此处为最后一段的首句,结合全文可知，这一段对于书的发展史进行了总结，C项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的复制印刷。〕
二、语法填空
（1）答案：It; who; careful; choose; making; as; be trusted; and; in; The
（2）答案：1. located 2. existence 3. widely 4. from 5.the 6.that 7. collections 8.held 9.but 10. representing
解析：
本文主要叙述了位于伦敦布卢姆斯伯里地区的大英博物馆,它是第一个致力于人类历史、艺术和文化的国家公共博物馆,且不收取费用。
1. located【解析】考查词性转换。be located in...为固定搭配,意为“坐落于,位于”,本句为从句“which is located in…”的省略
句,去掉了which is,故填 located。
2. existence【解析】考查词性转换,句意:它的永久藏品数量大约为800万,使它成为现存的最大的博物馆之一。in existence为固定短语,意为“现存”。
3. widely【解析】考查副词。修饰动词sourced应用副词作状语,故填 widely。
4. from【解析】考查介词。from... to...为固定搭配,意为“从…… 到……”。句意:它的来源广泛,记录了人类文化从开始到现在的故事。故填from。
5. the【解析】考査冠词。the United Kingdom为固定用法,意为“英国”,故填the。
6. that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,句中的its most famous objects是先行词,空处在定语从句中作主语,指物,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,所以要用that引导定语从句。
7. collections【解析】考査名词的单复数。 collection是可数名词,此处指很多的收藏品,故填复数形式collections。
8. held【解析】考査时态。分析句子可知,空处是谓语动词,与it是主谓关系,根据时间状语once可知,本句要用一般过去时,故填held。
9. but【解析】考査连词。分析语境可知,本句与前面的句子是转折关系,是今昔对比,因此要填but。
10. representing【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词keeps,故此处的represent 在句中修饰名词collections of artificial works,两者是主谓关系,故填representing。
（3）答案：it ; earlier; were told; but; why; for; surprisingly; the; where;
sunburnt/sunburned
解析：①分析句子结构可知,这是指前面Miami(迈阿密),所以用指示代词it。
②根据上文的six months可知,这里是说他们六个月前就预定了房间,所以这里用early的比较级。
③根据上下文的内容可知,这里的tell与主语we是被动关系,应该用一般过去时的被动语态。
④分析句子结构可知,这里是not...but...(不是……而是……)的配搭。
⑤此处是宾语从句,根据上下文的内容可知,表示疑问,所以用why。
⑥“要价;收费”是固定配搭。
⑦分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的形容词helpful,所以要用副词形式。
⑧分析句子结构可知,是特指那里顶层的VIP房间,所以用定冠词。
⑨修饰beach,并在从句中作地点状语,所以用where引导。
⑩充当表语,而且主语是人,所以用动词的-ed形式。
（4）答案：with; a; comfortably; designed; fashionable; popularity; Though / Although/While; to enjoy; being asked; will agree
解析：
英国人有喝下午茶的习惯。本文主要介绍了英国下午茶的文化。
1. with 考查with复合结构。分析句子结构可知,这句话是with复合结构,即“with+宾语+过去分词”,故填with。
2. a 考査冠词。根据语境可知,这里泛指“一种受欢迎的消遣”,故用不定冠词,且popular是以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
3. comfortably 考査副词。修饰动词短语drink good quality tea应用副词。故填comfortably。
4. designed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是date,故空处应填非谓语动词形式作定语修饰afternoon tea,且afternoon tea和design之间是动宾关系,故应用过去分词作定语。
5. fashionable 考査形容词。分析句子可知,空处修饰名词occasion ,故应用所给词的形容词形式fashionable。
6. popularity 考査名词。由空前的形容词性物主代词its可知, 空处应填所给词的名词形式,且popularity是不可数名词。故填popularity。
7. Though/Although/While 考查连词。根据语境可知,前半句表示的是“可以在家里亨受它”。而后半句表示的是“最好的体验它的方式是在一家高档的酒店或咖啡店”,前后是让步关系,故用表示让步的连词。
8. to enjoy 考查非谓语动词。由句意及句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。所以填to enjoy。
9. being asked 考杳非谓语动词。avoid后面接动词-ing形式作宾语,且you和ask to leave之间是动宾关系,故填being asked。
10. will agree 考查时态。句意:我保证你只要试过之后,就会同意的。句中once引导的是条件状语从句,用的是一般现在时,由“主将从现”的原则可知,主句应用一般将来时。故填will agree。
2009年高考英语听力——天津卷 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 62. What does the man think about the vacation? A. It’ll be a long vacation. B. It’s only a dream. C. It’ll be great. 63. What will the woman probably do on Saturday evening? A. Go skating. B. Call her sister. C. Give a lecture. 64. What does the man suggest to the woman? A. Having a meeting. B. Calling on him. C. Buying a house. 65. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In an office. B. In a museum. C. In a clothing store. 66. What did Alice ask the man to do? A. Borrow some magazines for her. B. Return some magazines to the library. C. Give some magazines back to her. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面五段材料。每段材料后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话,回答第67和第68两个小题。 67. What has the man been doing? A. Writing a book. B. Reading a book. C. Advertising a book. 68. What is the man’s response to the woman’s suggestion?
高考英语听力技巧 在考场上，要注意以下几点： 1、不要抓每一个字，即不要奢望听懂每一个字，没有必要，也不可能。要做到对内容的整体理解。 2、拿到卷子的第一件事，就是抓紧时间阅读试题选项，建立预期，预测谈话大致内容。 3、短对话，答案多在第二个人说话中出现;长对话，短文听力，要先抓住开头的前几句，这一般是主 旨题的答案所在，而结尾处往往会再次呼应。中部往往是细节题。 4、抓中心词，两次以上连续重复出现，对应某一题干选项中的答案，一定要提高警惕。 5、遇到数字和时间等信息，要随手记笔记，有助于选项中的数字听力题答案的准确无误。 6、听完回忆对话内容时，运用归纳、推理或计算等方法，用已知导出未知。 最重要的先把前面10道只读一遍的题目看清楚.这里是最容易错的地方.最重要的一点是你要把它当平时 做练习一样缓解紧张的心情. 第一题没听清楚,第二题开始放的时候就要注意先把第一道放一边不管.千万不能影响后面听题的状态. 最重要一点,听完犹豫的时候千万不要去修改自己已经选择好的题目,第一感觉往往是最准的. 1、识别关键词的技巧 1）.透露说话人身份的关键词 如果考生可以通过关键词很快判断对话者的关系和身份，将有助于考生有目的地集中注意力，并在脑海中搜索相关背景知识，进一步加深对听力材料的理解。 ，Kay. I remember in high school, you always wanted to be a 例如：I just can’t believe you are a police officer lawyer. 如果考生意识到该对话中的关键词为in high school,那么他马上可以意识到这是两个老同学之间的对话。 guide you all the way 又例如：Good morning, ladies and gentlemen . W elcome to Universal Studio. I’d like to in the amazing park and share the wonderful moments with you. 这段话的关键词是guide, park,从中考生可以推断说话人是导游。 以下是常见的对话者关系： Husband——wife /teacher——student /Boss——employee /waiter——customer Doctor——patient /parents——kid /Classmates roommates Shop assistant——customer 2）.透露地点/场合的关键词 考生要善于捕捉听力材料中的关于地点或场合(即语言环境)的关键词，也有助于他们判断听力材料的主 题、说话人之间关系等等。以下是有关机场或者旅馆的关键词： Check in入住登记check out结账porter搬luggage行李book a room预定房间double room双人房passenger 乘客economy class经济舱business class公务舱runway跑道passport护照flight航班stewardess乘务员3）.捕捉数字 许多听力材料中涉及数字，例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等，并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、 百分比等形式出现，这就要求考生辨别各种形式的数字，还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如： 减价：20% off，special offer，special price，25% discount，sale 原价：regular price，normal price 增长：10% increase in…1/3 climb in…… 下降:23% fall in…5.5% decrease in… 听力速记技巧 1）.运用速记符号 例如：↑up↓down←left→right=equal 2）.发明并运用字母的缩写形式 考生可以在平时训练时，本着便于记忆、快速、容易联想的原则，发明一些只需自己明白的字母搭配来 表示相应的信息。例如：
高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8 adj.乐观的 We are still optimistic, whatever the result may be. 我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。 The stockholders are optimistic about the pany's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。 反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的 Her pessimistic attitude turns him off. 她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。 ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic n. (1)气候 She is not used to living in a cold climate. 她不习惯寒带生活。 (2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛 social climate 社会风气 political climate政治气候 the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境 After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense. 革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。 climate/weather辨析 climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。 What will the weather be like tomorrow 明天天气怎样 I would rather live in France because of the climate. 由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。 单项填空 (1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________. A．weather B．temperature C．season D．climate (2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice. A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky (1)n.洪水，水灾(可数) The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm. 暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。 (2)n.大批，大量流入 There was a flood of plaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。
2020年高考英语听力解题技巧 (名师精讲必考知识点，值得下载练习) 01听力应试技巧与策略 听前：略读题目，切入话题，划出重点，预测内容（确定人物身份） 听中：捕捉信息，速记要点，有的放矢，去伪存真（短文独白，首末为主旨句，注意5W,1H） 听后：连贯记忆，前后联系，综合考虑，一锤定音。 02快速记录能力 心记：这种能力对于解决听力第1节的问题非常适用。 笔记：1、运用速记符号例如：up（↑）、down（↓）、left（←）、right（→）、equal （=） 2、发明并运用字母的缩写形式Ex——expensivelg——large eq——earthquake 03预测技巧 1、对话预测：在听取对话，尤其是Part1-5——ShortConversation时，考生可以按照下例wh-问题进行预测： （1）他们是谁？ （2）他们最可能是什么关系？ （3）对话发生在什么时间？ （4）对话在哪里进行？ （5）对话的目的是？ （6）他们打算做什么？
2、语篇预测：了解讲话者已提供和未提供的信息 3、依靠开篇句预测：英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题，所以考生要善于抓住听力材料的首句信息。 例如：Americans have a popular saying “Time ismoney。” 从这一句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围： （1）这是一篇关于时间的话题。 （2）涉及对象是美国人。 04听力特点及高分应试策略 话题广泛：购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天气、假日活动、买票等，其内容包含新闻报道、社会生活、教育文化、风土人情、历史地理、科普知识、人物故事等。 高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力。 1、领略主旨大意，概括话题内容 这类试题在高考听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有： What’s the passage mainly about? What’s the topic of the passage? What are the two speakers doing? What are the two speakers talking about? What is the dialogue/conversation about? 2、捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实 这类试题在高考听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原
高考英语听力必备场景词汇精选 1、天气 fine 晴朗的，sunny/bright/clear 阳光充足的，cloudy多云的，rainy有雨的，wet 潮湿的，humid湿润的，freezing-cold冰冷的，cool凉爽的，mild温和的，warm暖和的，hot炎热的，windy有风的，calm无风的，breeze微风，light/strong winds 微风／大风，moderate风力不大 fog雾，snow雪，drizzle毛毛雨，light rain小雨，shower 阵雨，storm暴风雨，downpour倾盆大雨，blizzard大风雪，snowstorm暴风雪，thunder打雷，typhoon 台风，tornado龙卷风 It rains cats and dogs. 下着倾盆大雨。 2、购物 Store 商店，9rocery食品杂货店，department store百货商店，shopping center购物中心，mall商场 shop assistant 店员，counter柜台，receipt 收据，，catalog产品目录，deliver 送货，refund退熬撫bargain便宜货，second-hand二手的，poplar/fashionable 流行的，expensive昂贵的，cheap便宜的，size尺寸大小，color颜色，style式样，brand 品牌 pay by installment分期付款，pay In cash用现金支付，pay jn check用支票支付，credit card信用卡，selling season销售旺季，on sale廉价出售，50% off 打五折，a 30% discount 打七折 3、餐馆 restaurant餐馆，coffee shop/café咖啡屋，buffet自助餐，cafeteria自助餐厅，snack bar小吃郝、大排档，dining hall餐厅 waiter/waitress 男／女侍者，treat请客，menu菜单，order点菜，serve上菜，tip 小费，change零钱，knife小刀，fork叉子，chopsticks, 筷子，spoon勺子，plate 碟子，tray 托盘 appetizer开胃：菜，steak牛排，cheese 奶酪，sandwich三明治，hamburger 汉堡包, French fries炸薯条，pizza比萨饼，soup 汤，dessert（饭后）甜点，dressing
高考英语听力话题分类高频词汇及表达汇总 （一）餐馆场景： May I take your order now 现在点菜吗 Keep the change! 不用找零钱了! (This is my treat! 我请客!) go Dutch (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) AA制 go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭 order 点菜 serve 上菜 change 零钱 menu 菜单 tip 小费 treat 请客 steak 牛排 sandwich 三明治 bacon 腌肉soup 汤doughnut 多纳圈 appetizer 开胃物 dessert甜品，hamburger 汉堡包 Coke 可乐 snack bar 小吃街;大排挡 dining hall ; coffee shop restaurant cafeteria canteen; buffet 自助餐 meal, bill, hamburger, dish, beer, soft drink, fully booked（客满） (二)邮局场景： stamp邮票，envelope信
封， package / parcel 包裹 overweight 超重extra postage 额外邮资express mail 快件 send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄/发信 airmail 航空信件 open an account 开一个账户 postman/mailman, delivery 邮递员 (三)图书馆场景： library card; borrow; lend; keep; renew; bookshel f; novel; science fiction科幻小说; magazine杂志; periodical期刊; reference book;资料书librarian 图书管理员 pay a fine 交罚款 Can I help you / What can I do for you (四)医院及健康场景： aspirin 阿司匹林 regular doctor 私人医生emergence department 急诊室 ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房 treatment 治疗手段 medicine: pills / tablets药丸/药片 take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压 heart attack 心脏病cold / flu 流感：
听力专题训练二 第一节（共5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What is the woman’s job? A.Operator B.Instructor C.Guide 2.How long will they have to wait before the game start? A.30 minutes B.20 minutes C.15 munites 3.Where is MR.Smith now? A.At his office B.At the travel agency C.At lunch 4．What will the man do next? A.Try on the jacket. B.Try on the suit C.Continue looking 5. What did the man mean? A.He wrote it last semester. B.He’ll finish it in a few minutes. C.He never does assigments early. 第二节（共15小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅览室读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6--7题。 生词：funeral 葬礼 6.What do you suppose Mary did the day before? A.She attendes her grandfather’s funeral. B.She told a lie to get the day off. C.She meant to attend a funeral but shi didn’t. 7.What did you suppose Mary’s grandfather did the day before?
高考听力高频单词 听力的短对话和长对话部分，其话题范围是以校园生活（campus life）为主题，主要是学习打工，衣食住行，英语是模式化的语言，固定场景只会用固定词汇，分场景总结记忆，听力场景词汇，归纳总结是十分必要的。 1.学习选课场景 Day course 白天的课，Evening course 晚上的课 科目或专业：mathematic 数学，history 历史，chemistry 化学，Literature 文学，Physics 物理, Chemistry 化学, Biology生物, Politics政治, History历史, Geography地理Math 数学Final exam 期终考试，middle exam 期中考试，test测验，quiz 小测验，oral test 口试drawing near考试临近, delay / be off / hold up / postpone / put off考试延期或取消public school 公立学校，private school 私立学校， 学校中的人：president 校长，dean 院长，headmaster 中小学校长，professor 教授，lecturer 讲师doctor 博士，master 硕士，bachelor 学士，freshman 大一新生，middle school student 中学生，primary school student小学生 have a lecture 上课，cut a class/play truant 逃课，miss a class 错过了课，scholarship 荣誉奖学金，homework, exam, test, mid-term/ final examination, marks, text book, playground, department, Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree, Doctor’s degree, Campus, lecture, dormitory, term, dining-hall, swimming-pool, courses, foreign language, gym, 2. 图书馆场景 lend / borrow借书reference book参考书，renew续借，overdue过期，return还书，fine 罚金，librarian图书管理员, subject主题，author作者，library图书馆, reading-room阅览室, book-shelf书架, novel小说, story-book故事书, picture-book图画书,science fiction科幻小说newspaper报纸, magazine杂志, periodical期刊library card借书证 3.交通运输场景 fare 车票，license 驾照，rush hours 高峰时间，traffic jam 交通堵塞one way street 单行道，over speed 超速ticket 罚单express way 高速公路traffic police交警, 交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train / bus / bike / walk / taxi tunnel / channel 隧道, ring road 环线, subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁Used car 旧车，afford买的起，Give sb a ride搭车Taxi/cab出租车，break down抛锚，flat tire爆胎rush hour 高峰期，traffic jam堵车，car accident事故fix/repair修理，garage 修车场，damage损害dead 报废，survive 活下来，minor injury 轻伤subway(underground), boat, ship, transportation, timetable, journey, speed, 4.电话场景 mobile phone 手机，pay phone 公用电话，telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页，extension 分机，dial/ press（拨/按电话号码），put through 接通，wrong number记错号码，hold on 不要挂断，take / leave a message 留言，hang up ，挂断answering machine 自动答录机，long-distance call 长途电话,overseas call 越洋电话，mobile / cell phone 手机give sb a call / ring 给某人打电话the line is busy 占线operator 接线员The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line.电话占线 5.机场场景 flight航班Welcome on board 欢迎登机plane 飞机，book 订票，timetable 时间表，destination 目的地safe landing 安全着陆，board 登机，take off 起飞，departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带，land 着陆，arrival 进港，pick up 接机security check 安检，see off 送
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考英语听力十大话题词汇，助你听力考试事半功倍！ 一、餐馆场景 order 点菜serve 上菜tip 小费change 零钱Keep the change! 不用找零钱了！ treat 请客（This is my treat! 我请客！）go Dutch AA制(Let’s go fifty fifty. ) steak 牛排cheese奶酪sandwich 三明治bacon 培根（腌肉）soup 汤plain water 自来水（西餐中洗手用的）doughnut 多纳圈appetizer 开胃菜dessert甜品，水果（作为正餐的最后一道）go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭snack bar 小吃街；大排挡hamburger 汉堡包 coke 可口可乐French fries 炸薯条dining hall大餐厅、食堂coffee shop 咖啡店; restaurant饭店、饭馆; cafeteria自助餐厅buffet 自助餐 二、邮局场景 stamp邮票envelope信封package / parcel 包裹overweight 超重extra postage 额外邮资send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄/发信express mail 快件airmail 航空信件 surface mail 陆地邮寄open an account 开一个帐户 三、图书馆场景 library card 借书证borrow 借入lend 把…借给（借出去）bookshelf 书架novel（长篇）小说science fiction科幻小说magazine杂志periodical期刊reference book参考书; 工具书; librarian 图书管理员pay a fine 交罚款 四、医院及健康场景 aspirin 阿司匹林emergence department 急诊室ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房treatment 治疗手段take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压 medicine: pills / tablets 药丸/药片heart attack 心脏病cold / flu 流感：have/catch a cold headache 头痛stomach-ache 胃痛backache 背痛腰痛sore-throat 喉咙痛cough 咳嗽
( 高考英语听力常用词汇 一、餐馆场景 out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭 Dutch AA制(Let’s go fifty fifty.)自助餐 hall; shop; 自助餐厅 ;; 食堂，小卖部 ; bar 小吃街；大排挡开胃物牛排奶酪三明治腌肉 汤 water 自来水（西餐中洗手用的）汉堡包多纳圈甜品，水果（作为正餐的最后一道）可口可乐fries 炸薯条点菜上菜零钱小费（This is my treat! 我请客！） the change! 不用找零钱了！ 二、邮局场景 / parcel 包裹超重 postage 额外邮资 / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信 mail 快件航空信件 mail 陆地邮寄 10. open an account 开一个帐户 ] 三、图书馆场景 card; ; ; ; ; ; ; fiction科幻小说； ; 期刊； book; 参考书 图书管理员 a fine 交罚款 I help you / What can I do for you 四、医院及健康场景 department 急诊室 (= intensive care unit)特护病房治疗手段one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压 : pills / tablets药丸/药片阿司匹林 attack 心脏病 / flu 流感 catch a cold; ; ; ; ; 喉咙痛 ; ; doctor 私人医生’s up (多用于男生之间) is it going How are you — 19.答-好：I’m fine./I feel good/terrific./I couldn’t be better./Nothing is very wrong with me. 20.答-不好I am not feeling good./I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. （注意听语气：身体好的时候，语调上扬，语气非常欢快；身体不好的时候，降调，语气非常郁闷。） 五、电话场景 接线员 telephone/ ring/ phone sb.; 或give sb. a call/ ring ! This is … speaking. Who’s speaking / Who is that six two two six, please. 请转6226。 distance call 长途电话 ! line is bad/ busy / engaged.或 It kept a busy line. 电话占线。 call 对方付费的电话 through 接通电话 on / up；Hold the line, please. ’ll call back later / again. 或I’ll ring him / her up again. couldn’t get through. , I’m afraid you have the wrong numb er. 六、酒店场景 a reservation 预定房间 desk 接待处 in 入住 out 结账 room 单间套间 you have a reservation, Sir you got any vacant room (= Is there any room available here) 有空房间吗 ） the room are occupied. 房间已满。 I have a suite please much do you charge for that or no smoking included. 包括饮食。 I show you your room / Can I carry your luggage 七、超速场景 1. speeding I see your license, please 3. You will be fined by $20. 八、购物场景 · 杂货店 store 百货商场 center 购物中心 4.商品信息：size; color; style; price; What color/size/kind do you want 5.商品论贵贱：expensive, cheap 6.价格论高低：high, low, bargain便宜货 7. popular / fashionable 流行的 in fashion 流行，时尚 of fashion 过时的品牌柜台 in cash 用现金支付in check 用支票支付 card 信用卡 assistant 商店营业员 15. out of stock 脱销/缺货 stock 有货
高三语法专题总结 序号课题课时教学要求 冠词 3 1.熟知冠词的基本用法、习语和固定搭配 2.掌握冠词的一些灵活用法和特殊用法 1.冠词的基本用法 1 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指 2.冠词的习惯用法 1 1.定冠词的习惯用法 2.不定冠词的习惯用法 3.零冠词的习惯用法 3.冠词的活用 1 1.被具体化的抽象名词前的冠词用法 2.被普通化的专有名词前的冠词用法 3.形容词比较级、最高级和序数词前的冠词活用 高考重点冠词的基本用法及冠词的习惯用法 高考难点冠词的活用 专题二代词 3 熟练掌握不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、人称代词 以及it的灵活运用 1、不定代词 1 1、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 2、one，ones, the one,that,those的用法 3、one，another, the other, some ,others, the others的用法 4、复合不定代词及其他不定代词 2、反身代词 1 1、反身代词的基本用法 2、与反身代词构成的介词短语 3、与反身代词构成的动词短语 3、指示代词、人称代词和it的用法1 1、指示代词、人称代词的基本用法 2、It的用法 高考难点语境的真实性和复杂性、语义较丰语法复杂的不定代词的考查 专题三形容词和副词 2 了解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法及常用句 型 1、形容词、副词的基 1 1、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式