动词现在分词后加－ing的规则(小学1-6年级水平的单词总结）
注意事项：第2、3、4条规则记住，背过例词。
这3条规则以外的绝大多数单词适用于第1条规则，例词浏览就可以。
1．英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成。
2．以不发音的-e结尾的动词,一般应去掉e再加ing。这个规则适用于小学阶段。
3．以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词，最后一个辅音字母需要重复。这个规则适用于小学阶段的大多数单词。
4．特殊的一个词，记住就可以： ski skiing.
动词的ing形式 1. -ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电
子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
现在进行时动词加ing的变化规律 1)一般情况下，直接加 -ing: 如：go—going answer—answering study—studying be—being see—seeing [注一] 和名词复数、一般现在时动词第三人称单数加-s(-es)不同， 动词末尾如为“辅音字母 + y”时，y不变，其后直接加ing。 如: study—studying fly—flying carry—carrying [注二] 动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing，r在此必须发音。 如: water—watering answer—answering wear—wearing 2)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：come—coming write—writing take—taking become—becoming 3)动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词， 而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加ing。 如：sit—sitting run—running stop—stopping begin—beginning admit—admitting forget—forgetting [注一] send，think，accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾， 但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母，因此，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加ing。 如：sending thinking accepting 4)少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，须将ie变作y，再加ing。 如：die—dying tie—tying lie—lying躺，说谎 5)少数以-c结尾的动词变为现在分词时和过去式，须先将-c变为ck,然后再加-ing 或-ed 。 如：picnic—picnicking (picnicked) traffic—trafficking (trafficked)
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
1.一般情况下直接加ing play玩—playing listen听---listening read stories（读故事书）-- reading stories climb mountains（爬山）-- climbing mountains 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e，再加ing make制做—making dance跳舞---dancing come来---coming 3.辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单词，双写词尾字母再加ing *（元音字母a、e、i、o、u）swim游泳—swimming run跑步—running stop停止—stopping shop购物—shopping 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式， 如：I play football. He plays football. I live in Shanghai. Sarah lives in Shanghai. 主语第三人称单数形式：he / she / it / my father… /Amy / Zhang Peng… 1.一般情况在词尾加s: like—likes dance---dances live居住—lives 2.以o、s、x 、sh、ch结尾的单词加es. do—does go-- goes teach教--- teaches watch看--watches wash clothes洗衣服--- washes clothes 3.以元音（aeiou）+y结尾的单词，加s: play-- plays say说-- says 4.以辅音+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es ：fly kites放风筝-- flies kites study学习-- studies 5.特殊记：have有—has I have a book. She has a book. 1.一般情况下直接加ing play玩—playing listen听---listening read stories（读故事书）-- reading stories climb mountains（爬山）-- climbing mountains 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e，再加ing make制做—making dance跳舞---dancing come来---coming 3.辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单词，双写词尾字母再加ing *（元音字母a、e、i、o、u）swim游泳—swimming run跑步—running stop停止—stopping shop购物—shopping 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式， 如：I play football. He plays football. I live in Shanghai. Sarah lives in Shanghai. 主语第三人称单数形式：he / she / it / my father… /Amy / Zhang Peng… 1.一般情况在词尾加s: like—likes dance---dances live居住—lives 2.以o、s、x 、sh、ch结尾的单词加es. do—does go-- goes teach教--- teaches watch看--watches wash clothes洗衣服--- washes clothes 3.以元音（aeiou）+y结尾的单词，加s: play-- plays say说-- says 4.以辅音+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es ：fly kites放风筝-- flies kites study学习-- studies 5.特殊记：have有—has I have a book. She has a book.
动词的 -ing形式 作主语 动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 ?Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 ?Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州 要16个小时。 ?It‘s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。 ?It‘s no u se arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 ?There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。 作表语 动词 -ing可用来作表语。如： n This food smells inviting. n My favorite sport is swimming. n Their job is cleaning the window. 作宾语 1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。 n I warned her against driving fast. n Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit， acknowledge， advise， appreciate， avoid， d elay， deny， dislike， enjoy， excuse， escape， fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up， im agine， mention， mind， miss， pardon， practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， resist， understand等。
现在进行时专项练习 动词加ing的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making，taste-tasting 3．假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running，stop-stopping ： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1。The boy __________________ （draw）a picture now. 2。Listen !Some girls _______________ （sing）in the classroom . 3。My mother _________________ （cook ）some nice food now. 4。What _____ you ______ （do ）now？ 5。Look! They _______________（have）an English lesson . 6。They ____________（not ，water）the flowers now. 7。Look！the girls ________________（dance ）in the classroom. 8。What is our granddaughter doing？She _________（listen ）to music. 9。It‘s 5 o’clock now. We _____________（have）supper now. 10。______Helen____________（wash ）clothes？Yes ，she is.
动词-ing形式练习 一、单项选择 1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard 2. The teacher didn’t feel like ______ hem on the spot. A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected 3. With the old man ________ the way, we had no trouble in ________ that cave. A. leads, find B. leading, finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found 4. I remember __________ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid 5. He was seen ___________ out. A. go B. to go C. went D. goes 6. He hasn’t got used ________ in the countryside. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living 7. We don’t allow ________ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking 8. I’m looking forward to __________ from you soon. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard 9. She doesn’t mind _________ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left 10. People from all the corners came to the city, __________ it very crowded. A. to make B. and making C. made D. making 11. ________ all the time is the key to _________ progress in English. A. Practise, making B. To practise, making C. Practise, make D. To practise, make 12. Only one of these books is ____________. A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading 13. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _________ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 15._________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 16. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 17. One learns a language by making mistakes and __________ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct 18. __________ at the door before entering please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 19. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 20. He sent me an-email, __________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 21. Tony was very unhappy for ________ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 22. Though ________money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 23. How about the two of us ________a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 24. ________is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 25. —I must apologize for ________ahead of time. —That’s all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
动词加-ing 之变化规则 1. 首先了解一下“闭音节”的基本知识：以辅音结尾的音节称为“闭音节”，如果这个闭音节在单词里是重读的，则这个音节叫做“重读闭音节”； 2. 如果一个动词以“重读闭音节”结尾，则其现在分词/动名词的构成通常是“双写词尾的那个辅音字母，再加- ing”； 3.请注意：以“辅音字母结尾”和“以辅音结尾（指发音或音标）”是不同的。 4. “双写词尾辅音字母后加ing”必须同时满足以下 4 个条件： 1) 该动词的发音以重读闭音节结尾； 2）结尾闭音节符合“1 个辅音字母+ 1 个元音字母+ 1 个辅音字母” 3）结尾的辅音字母不是"x"； 4）该动词的拼写规则没有例外； 请看下面的例子： begin - beginning: 以 1 个辅音字母结尾、重读，符合上述全部条件； reject - rejecting： 不要双写"t"，因为结尾有 2 个辅音字母； bleed - bleeding；不要双写"d"，最后那个辅音字母前有 2 个元音字母，不符合上述条件2）； rabbet (vt.嵌接) - rabbeting：不要双写"t"，因为重读音节在第 1 个音节上，不符合条件1）；control - controling 或controlling 都可以，加ing 前，结尾的"l" 可以不双写拼写，这是“拼写例外”的情形。 kidnap - kidnapping 或kidnaping 都可以，加ing 前，结尾的"p" 可以不双写拼写，也是“拼写例外”的情形。
fix - fixing 单词结尾的辅音字母是“x”时，不要双写； 综上所述，没有必要将“需要双写词尾辅音字母然后加ing”的单词一一列出，只要你知道了上述规则，你基本上“错不了”！ 补充 begin-beginning stop-stopping swim-swimming shop-shopping singing running falling giving helping coming getting cooking putting shopping swimming running getting chatting letting stopping beginning hitting fitting pitting knitting kidding 重读闭音节中以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾才双写。 Answer B: clean, + ing 时后也不用双写n ，因为它中间的是ea /i:/ 字母组合比如：heat - heating feel - feeling dealing sealing healing leaning beating meeting ---------- 如果是i的话就要咯 hitting sitting fitting .... ---------- 之所以要双写辅音字母,就是为了将闭音节和去e的开音节区别开来假如： bit 和bite 都写成biting, 那就无法分辨了但是在英语中几乎不可能出现-eane, -eate, -eape 这些开音节(有的话...是我才疏学浅)..也没有eet, eep, eed..构成闭音节..不会带来上述的混乱 所以带元音字母组合的"伪闭音节"通常不需要双写最后一个辅音字母 Answer C为什么重读闭音节需要双写辅音字母呢? 因为如果不双写的话, cuting 会被认为是cute (注意!只是举例,cute并没有这种用法) 加上-ing. 所以,双写辅音字母起到提示闭音节的作用,区分单词。 Answer D: order 也不要双写末尾字母，词尾是重读闭音节才要双写。 闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个
动词ing形式专项练习 1.______ (smoke) is bad for our health. 2.Before he came , I’d finished _______(read) the whole book. 3.We are considering ________ (take) a trip around the island. 4.The silkworm is an insect worth _____. A. to know B. knowing C. to be known D. being known 5.She went out without ______ (say) good-bye to us. 6.He sat there ______(read) a novel. 7.The heavy rain kept us _____ (wait)for two hours. 8. We found the baby ____ (sleep)on the floor. 9.They got their car ____ (wash) at the garage. 10. _____ with his report , I told him to write it all over again. A. Dissatisfactory B. Not being satisfied C. Having not satisfied D. Dissatisfying 11._____ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream. A. To carry B. Carrying C. Carried D. Carry 12._____ my homework, I went home . A. Having finished B. Finished C. Being finished D. Finish 13.____（find）the door unlocked, I went in. 14.______(be) a careless fellow, he forget all about it. 15. You must be careful when ___ on the highway. A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving 16.If _____ , I will go to the party tonight. A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D. invited 17 Weather ____(permit) , we will have a picnic tomorrow. 18.The vacation ____ (be) over , the students came back to school. 19.___ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.
动词ing形式专项练习 (smoke) is bad for our health. he came , I’d finished _______(read) the whole book. are considering ________ (take) a trip around the island. silkworm is an insect worth _____. A. to know B. knowing C. to be known D. being known went out without ______ (say) good-bye to us. sat there ______(read) a novel. heavy rain kept us _____ (wait)for two hours. 8. We found the baby ____ (sleep)on the floor. got their car ____ (wash) at the garage. 10. _____ with his report , I told him to write it all over again. A. Dissatisfactory B. Not being satisfied C. Having not satisfied D. Dissatisfying our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream. A. To carry B. Carrying C. Carried D. Carry my homework, I went home . A. Having finished B. Finished C. Being finished D. Finish （find）the door unlocked, I went in. (be) a careless fellow, he forget all about it. 15. You must be careful when ___ on the highway. A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving _____ , I will go to the party tonight. A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D. invited 17 Weather ____(permit) , we will have a picnic tomorrow.
第一类直接加ing 1.look-looking 2.catch-catching 3.do-doing 4.play-playing 5.go-going 6.buy-buying 7. say-saying 8.see-seeing 9.bring-bringing 10.help-helping 11.sing-singing 12.draw-drawing 13.work-working 14.watch-watching 15.clean-cleaning 16.learn-learning 17.jump-jumping 18.be-being 19.fly-flying 20.stick-sticking 21.collect-collecting 22.cry-crying 23.walk-walking 24.build-building 25.hunt-hunting 26.fish-fishing 27.eat-eating 28.listen-listening 29.read-reading 30.stand-standing 第二类以e结尾的，去掉e，再加ing 1.ride-riding 2.bake-baking 3.shake-shaking 4.have-having 5.dance-dancing 6.write-writing 7.make-making https://www.doczj.com/doc/6714236008.html,e-coming 9.take-taking
第三类单独记最后一个字母重复，再加ing 1.swim-swimming 2.get-getting 3.run-running 4.put-putting
一、动词的ing形式可以充当的成分 判断练习： Seeing is believing. I suggested asking his brother for some money. China is a developing country. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. His father died, leaving him a lot of money. Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 二、动词ing形式成分 1．动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。 Seeing is believing. Collecting stamps is interesting. 注意： 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。注意动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It's a waste of time arguing about it. 2.动词的-ing形式作表语 动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义： 1．表示主语的内容是什么。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 2．表示主语具有的特征。 The problem is quite puzzling. The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting. 比较：一般说来，动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性或抽象性的动作，时间
Section Ⅲ Grammar ——动词-ing 形式(Ⅰ) 一、动词-ing 形式作状语的基本用法 动词-ing 形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时也可以变为相应的状语从句。它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时不用。一般来说，作时间、原因、条件或让步状语时，通常位于句子的前部；作结果、方式或伴随状语时，通常位于句子的后部。
①If you read carefully, you'll learn something new. →Reading carefully, you'll learn something new. ②As he was very tired, he couldn't walk any further. →Being very tired, he couldn't walk any further. ③Although he worked as hard as he could, he didn't pass the exam. →Working as hard as he could, he didn't pass the exam. 二、动词-ing形式的时态和语态 1．在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生时用一般式；当动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词之前时用完成式。 Seeing the stranger coming towards him, little Tom ran away as fast as he could. 看见陌生人朝他走来，小汤姆尽可能快地跑开了。 ( see和run几乎同时发生) Having studied English for three years, he could read brief stories in English. 由于学习了三年英语，他能用英语读简单的故事。 (study发生在read之前) 2．在逻辑上，当句子的主语执行动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用被动式。 He listened to the tape, making notes now and then. 他听着磁带，偶尔记笔记。(he执行make表示的动作) Being called by a stranger, he realized what had happened.