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Unit 3Inventors and inventionsⅠ.单词语境记忆1．seize him by the collar抓住他的衣领2．protected by patent被专利权保护3．Water Cube in Beijing 北京的水立方4．a merry smile on her face 她脸上愉快的笑容5．the abrupt change of schedule 日程的突然改变6．quitting smoking and avoiding passive smoking 戒烟且避免被动吸烟7．the Chinese version of the book 这部书的中国版本8．contact the personnel manager 联系人事部经理9．bear the pain 忍受痛苦10．become more and more stable变得越来越稳定Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆1．distinguish v i.& v t.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；杰出的2．merciful adj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的→mercy n．宽恕；仁慈3．product n．产品→produce v．生产→producer n．生产者；制片人4．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently ad v.便利地5．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously ad v.小心地；谨慎地6．expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为7．recognition n．认出；认可；承认→recognize v t.认出；识别；承认8．freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的9．identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明→identity n．身份；同一性→identical adj.同一的；完全相同的→identify v．确定；鉴别10．innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的→innocence n．天真；清白11．occasionally ad v.偶然地；不时地→occasional adj.偶然的→occasion n．时机；机会；场合12．associate v t.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴→association n．联系13．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practice n．实践；练习v．练习；训练14．competence n．能力；胜任；本领→competent adj.能胜任的；称职的；有能力的Ⅲ.单词趣味串记1．The moving court appeared in his courtyard.移动法庭出现在他的院子里。
选修八第3单元知识点总结Unit 3 Science and NaturePart 1 词汇1. Population n. 人口populous adj. 人口稠密的overpopulation n. 人口过剩underpopulation n. 人口过少The world population is growing rapidly. 世界人口正在迅速增长。
2. Migrate v. 迁徙Migration n. 迁徙Migratory adj. 迁徙的The birds migrate to the South to avoid the cold winters.鸟类为了躲避寒冷的冬天迁徙到南方。
3. Extinct adj. 灭绝的Extinction n. 灭绝The dodo bird is an extinct species. 渡渡鸟是一种已经灭绝的物种。
4. Critical adj. 重要的，关键的Critically adv. 严重地It is critical for us to protect the environment.保护环境对我们来说是至关重要的。
5. Habitat n. 栖息地The panda’s natural habitat is in the bamboo forest.大熊猫的自然栖息地在竹林里。
Part 2 课文理解1. According to the passage, what is happening to the world’s population and ci ties?根据文章所述，世界人口和城市的情况是怎样的？2. Why is it a concern that many species may become extinct in the future?为什么许多物种未来可能会灭绝是一个令人担忧的问题？3. What did the authors of The Limits to Growth predict about the world’s resources in the future?《成长的极限》的作者预测了未来世界的资源状况？4. How are cities becoming more sustainable in the future?未来城市将如何更加可持续？Part 3 阅读理解世界人口增长与城市化近几十年来，世界的人口呈现出快速增长的趋势，尤其是发展中国家的人口增长更为明显。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsKEY WORDS AND PHRASES1．call up给……打电话；使想起；回忆When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (教材P20)当我打电话给乡下的母亲时，她显得焦躁不安。
call back召唤某人回来；再访；回电话 call for需要；要求；接(人或物) call in邀请；请来 call on拜访(人)；号召call in on简短拜访 call at拜访(某地) call off取消The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。
He is ill；you should call in the doctor right away.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。
2．now and then偶尔；有时(＝sometimes，but not often)Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem to have made their home here，not far from the walnut tree.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋边来，可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡桃树附近安家了。
We haven't seen each other for years，but we chat online now and then.我们已有多年未见过面了；但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。
表示“有时、偶尔”的词语有：(every) now and again from time to time at times once in a whileoccasionally a little now and a little then【提示】from time to time强调经常性；now and then等强调间歇性。
互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.calculate vt.&vi.计算;核算;预测；推测【典型例句】Benefit is calculated on the basis of average weekly earnings.补助金按平均周收入计算。
You’ll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take.你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。
It has been calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.据估算，去年至少丧失了47，000个工作。
Conservationists calculated that hundreds of species could be lost in this area.自然资源保护主义者预测，数百万计的物种可能会从这个地方消失。
The scientist could not calculate when the spaceship would reach the moon.科学家不能算出太空船何时到达月球。
【知识小结】【相关链接】calculated adj精心策划的；蓄意的be calculated to do打算做；故意做；可能做calculating adj.精明的；精于算计的（常含贬义）calculation n.计算；推测；算计；慎思；考虑calculate on依靠；依赖活学巧用1.1）完成句子（1）I calculated _________________________（我们在下午六点到达）.答案:we would arrive at 6:00 p.m.（2）—Did she calculate the cost?—Yes,_________________________（她估计那要花一百英镑）.答案:she calculated that it would cost ￡100(3)Have you finished ________（你估计完没有）?答案：calculating yet(4)If you want to borrow money from George,you can’t _________________（指望他晚饭前脾气会好）.答案：calculate on his/him being in a good temper before dinner2)单项填空That was a _________ threat:she meant to annoy you.A.calculatingB.calculatedC.calculationD.calculate提示:本题不要根据经验做，认为-ing形式的形容词修饰物，-ed形式的形容词修饰人。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsLanguage points （重点词汇）编号：013 编写者：马立明审核者：焦丽勇学习目标：1、掌握核心单词和短语的用法。
2、掌握词汇在具体语境中的含义、词性和用法。
.学习任务：重点单词或短语（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1. 1distinguish双语释义v．区分；辨别；分清(recognize the difference between)；成为……的特征(be characteristic)；使有别于(1)句型转换①The boy could not distinguish cotton from wool.→The boy could not ________ ___________ cotton _____ wool.②She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.→She______ ______________ _____ her coolness and bravery.归纳拓展distinguish between...and...＝distinguish...from... ________________________________________________ 显扬自己；使自己扬名_______________ adj.杰出的；著名的be distinguished from____________be distinguished for________________be distinguished by_________________2convenient双语释义adj.方便的；便利的；就近的(easy or quick to do or get to a place)(1)用适当的介、副词填空①I keep my reference books near my desk ______convenience.②Will it be convenient _____ you to start work tomorrow?③Please send me an answer _____your convenience.归纳拓展______________ n.方便；便利；便利的事物(或设施)sth.be convenient for sb./sth. ___________________________________________________ (某人)方便做某事for convenience _______________ at one’s convenience__________________ for the convenience of sb._______________ 易错提示convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，多用于“It is convenient for sb.to do sth.”及“sth.be convenient for sb.”结构中。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. discover / find / invent2. hope / wish / expect3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate4. set off / set out / set about词形变化1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容merciful adj. 宽恕的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的abruptly adv.突然地；粗鲁地3. expect vt. 期待，预期，指望expectation n. 期待，预料，指望，展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未预料unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，想不到地4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使)结冰n.冻结；冰冻期freezing n. 冰点adj. 冰冻的，严寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 实行；练习；实习practice n. 练习，实习，实践，习俗practical adj.实际的，实践的，实用的重点单词1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情）突然影响或控制（某人）4. file n.[c] 文件；档案vt. 把……归档5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死重点词组1. call up征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时4. out of order次序颠倒；发生故障5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过；与某人联系6. ring back 回复电话7. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一重点句型1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled.重点语法复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1. discover / find / invent【解释】discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。
高二英语人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions生词巧解素材庖丁巧解牛知识·巧学生词巧解发现;发觉【词析】音析:字母组合i,o,e,y分别读作[I],,和[I]。
形析:discover（vt.发现）+-y（名词后缀）义析:somethingdiscovered【典句】Thediscoveryofoilontheirlandmadethepeoplerapidlyrich.他们在土地上发现了石油,这使人们很快致富了。
【拓展】1）构词:discovervt.发现;发觉2）注意区别discovery和invention的用法：discovery是指“发现”,强调找寻出原本就已存在但还不为人所知的事物。
invention是指“发明”,强调通过研究制造或者设想出原本不存在的事物。
【拓展】牢记相关短语:sincethen那时以来;tillthen一直到那时;beforethen那时以前;butthen但是另一方面;bythen到那时候;fromthenon从那时起显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别【词析】音析:元音字母i,i,i分别读作[I],[I]和[I]。
形析:dis(分开)+sting(刺)+ish(动词后缀)→以刺的记号分开义析:recognizethedifferencebetweensth.;tellthedifferencebetweensth.【典句】Themonitordistinguishedhimselfbyhisperformanceintheexamination.班长在考试中成绩优异,因而显得突出。
【拓展】1）构词:distinctionn.区别;distinctiveadj.独特的;distinguished卓越的;著名的2）牢记下列固定结构:bedistinguishedas辨明为,称之为;bedistinguishedby以……为特征;bedistinguishedfor以……而著名;bedistinguishedfrom不同于;与……加以区别;distinguish...from...辨别;识别;把……和……区别开;distinguishoneself使自己与众不同;使自己出名3)牢记相关短语:distinguishrightfromwrong明辨是非;distinguishgoodfromevil分辨善恶;distinguishsb.inacrowd在人群中认出某人;distinguishthingsintoclasses把东西分成类setabout开始;着手【词析】义析:startdoingsth.【典句】Ifhe’ssetaboutdoingit,nothingwillstophim.他一旦开始做这事,什么也阻挡不住他。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsKEY WORDS AND PHRASES1．call up给……打电话；使想起；回忆When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (教材P20)当我打电话给乡下的母亲时，她显得焦躁不安。
call back召唤某人回来；再访；回电话 call for需要；要求；接(人或物) call in邀请；请来 call on拜访(人)；号召call in on简短拜访 call at拜访(某地) call off取消The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。
He is ill；you should call in the doctor right away.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。
2．now and then偶尔；有时(＝sometimes，but not often)Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem to have made their home here，not far from the walnut tree.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋边来，可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡桃树附近安家了。
We haven't seen each other for years，but we chat online now and then.我们已有多年未见过面了；但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。
表示“有时、偶尔”的词语有：(every) now and again from time to time at times once in a whileoccasionally a little now and a little then【提示】from time to time强调经常性；now and then等强调间歇性。
3．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住又不会伤害到它们。
(1)distinguish vt.& vi.显出……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colourblind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲①distinguish oneself (as) (作为……)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征distinguish...by...以……为特征②distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的③distinguishable adj.可区别的④distinction n．区别(2)merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的They asked him to be merciful to the prisoners. 他们要求他对犯人要以慈悲为怀。
①mercy n．仁慈，宽容show/have mercy to sb.对某人仁慈 show no mercy to sb.对某人无情at the mercy of任由……摆布，在……掌握中 It's a mercy...[口语]……真是幸运！②mercifully幸运地；宽大地They were lost at sea at the mercy of wind and weather.他们在海上迷失，任由大风和天气摆布。
It's a mercy that the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。
4．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but_there_only_seemed_to_be powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品能帮助我。
但是，似乎只有用来毒死蛇的药粉能用。
(1)there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如：live，stand，lie，remain，appear，seem to be，come等。
there be结构是一个看似简单但命题空间很大的知识点。
【提示】在“there be...”句型中，be动词前可以加can，may，must，ought to，used to，happen to，seem to，appear to等情态动词或动词短语。
There happened to be no one in the room. 碰巧房间里没有人。
5．set about开始；着手(about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.(教材P20)我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。
She set about the business of cleaning the house. 她动手打扫起房子来。
After the earthquake，the people set about rebuilding their homes.地震过后，人们开始重建家园。
set out 出发，启程；开始 set off 出发；动身 be set in 以……为背景set back 阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨 set aside 留出；对……不予考虑set down 记下；写下 set up 树立(榜样)；设立；创立 set free 释放；使……获得自由【对接高考】(2012·浙江)Armed with the information you have gathered，you can________preparing your business plan.A．set out B．set about C．set off D．set up6．They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.(教材P20)它们一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里了。
(1)abruptly adv.突然地，意外地；唐突地The train stopped abruptly，nearly tipping me out of my bunk.火车突然停住，我差点儿从床位上摔下来。
abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；粗鲁的，唐突的，生硬的an abrupt turn 急转弯 in an abrupt manner 无礼的态度 an abrupt change 突然改变(2)convenient adj.方便的；适宜的；合适的；在近处的；近便的Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow你明天开始工作方便吗Our house is convenient for the shops.我们家到商店很方便。
①It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)干某事是方便的convenient (for sb.) 某事(对某人来说)是方便的if/when it is convenient to sb. 如果某人方便的话②convenience n．方便，便利 at one's convenience 在某人方便时It is very convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。
Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面【提示】convenient主语不能是人。
例如：“如果你方便的话”英语应表达为：if it is convenient to/for you，而不应表达为：if you are convenient。
【对接高考】(2012·天津高考)The secretary arranged a(n)________time and place for the applicants to have an interview.A．important B．Spare C．public D．convenient7．caution n．小心；谨慎；警告This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.(教材P20)这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
Dad always drives with caution.爸爸开车一直十分小心。
①with caution小心地；谨慎地②cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 be cautious of/about...对……很小心/谨慎8．expectation n．预料；期待；期望This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.(教材P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。
It's our expectation that you will do it well.我们期待你干得出色。
She looked at me with expectation.她满怀期待地看着我。
①come up to one's expectations达到某人的期望 live up to one's expectations不辜负某人的期望in expectation of/that...预料 beyond expectations出乎意料 against expectations 与预期相反②expect vt.预料；预计；期待；期望 expect that...预料……expect(sb.)to do sth.期望(某人)做某事；预料(某人)做某事【提示】expectation意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。
