2019MBA备考| 历年英语二作文真题解析
友课教育整理了近些年MBA英语二中常考的作文类型，报考2019年MBA的小伙伴们可作为参考！
1、小作文
据统计：每年小作文的全国平均分为5.5-6分左右，所以对于满分10分的小作文来说，还是很有提分空间的!
小作文主要是一种应用性短文，包括信函、备忘录、报告等。仅信函类就有辞职信、申请信、道歉信、慰问信、祝贺信等等。一起来看下历年MBA考研英语小作文类型统计吧!
考试时，如果能顺利的完成一篇有质量的小文章，不仅能给自己信心，很快进入写作状态，还能给大作文预留下充分的时间。
2、大作文
题目汇总
命题规律
1、常考话题有四大类：道德伦理类、教育文化类、社会生活类、环保生态类。
2、常考话题会隔年反复考察。
3、作文话题贴近大学生生活或与近年社会热点话题有关。
4、考研作文命题不会涉及时事政治或敏感话题。
大家在复习英语作文时要认真研究往年的考试题目和话题的考查方向，多关注社会热点，自己多动手去写。
考研英语二小作文真题 英语二小作文： 教授邀请你做presentation，给留学生将中国文化，接受邀请并回复他，需要列出presentation的要点。 2017考研英语写作出题思路分析 2017年考研英语的两篇小作文，都和“文化”有着密切的关系。新东方在线全国研究生入学考试研究中心几位政治老师看到这个话题，异口同声地说：政治没有考的，全考到英语里面去了。 英语一的小作文，是对于旅游景点的推荐。从信函体裁角度来说，这是一篇推荐信，但是和通常的推荐信又有所差异。但是分析历年英语一的真题，在11年考过对于一部电影的推荐，在15年考过对于一个活动的推荐，所以这个考法也算是在套路当中。 而推荐旅游景点，这个曾经在2014年6月四级考试中考过类似的内容：请给你的外国朋友写一封信，介绍一下你的家乡的一个景点(英语二的小作文，同样和文化有关：写一封接受中国文化讲座邀请的回复信。这个考查从形式上算是英语二的第一次了。可以看作回复信+建议信的写作模式。第一段是对于原信函的回复，采取回复信的写作模式;第二段是列举Presentation的要点，可以归为建议信的写作模式。而关于中国文化的内容，只要你认真背了政治的，应该都不会没有话写。 2017年考研英语的大作文，英语一考查的是关于读书的话题;英语二考查的是关于博物馆数量和参观博物馆人数的线状图。 英语一的作文话题，可以从文化的角度进行阐述，也可以从个人成长的角度进行阐述，甚至可以从图书市场发展的角度进行阐述。这也体现了考研作文慢慢透露出来的一个趋势是：主题多样化——也就是说，一张图片/图表，可以从多个角度进行解析。只要能够自圆其说，就不存在任何偏题的情况。并且，在作文的评分标准里面只有“内容信息是否完整”，而并没有提及主题是否准确这一话题。再考虑到阅卷时候的状态，所以，只要你能够将你自己准备的内容和这个话题套上去，就肯定没有问题了。 英语二的大作文第一次考查了线状图。线状图也是可以转化为柱状图的，只要把线的每个节点当作一根柱子即可，从这一角度看来，线状图和
3、写作方法 从2010年开始，英语(二)大作文只有两点提纲，但最好写成三段，首段描述图表，首句应写总体描述：主题(春节假期花销比例)+对象(我国某市居民)。次句应写细节描述，分别描述占比最高的新年礼物和其次的交通、聚会吃饭与其他。第二段最好写成原因列举，首句可写主题句，承上启下进行过渡。其次具体说明二至三点原因，可写为何新年礼物花销最大或交通、聚会吃饭也占据一些比例。第三段可预测图表发展趋势、进行归纳结论或提出建议措施。 4、注意事项 值得注意的是，2015年考研英语(二)答题卡出现了重大变化，一张A3纸，正面左侧为客观选择题，含完形填空、阅读A节、阅读B节，右侧为翻译。反面左侧为小作文，约20行;右侧为大作文，约20行。大作文写150-230词左右即可，无需太多。 参考范文 大作文 一、不错范文，可供改造 The pie chart above presents the different proportion of residents’ consumption in a Chinese city during Spring Festival. To be specific, the percentage of consumption on New Year’s gifts, party, traffic and others is 40%, 20% , 20% and 20% respectively. Surprisingly, the pertinent number about gifts is 40%. Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely. Undoubt edly, the purpose of the graph is to showcase the diversity of residents ’ consumption during holidays in China, especially over-consumption on gifts as a frequent way of interpersonal communication. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? It’s a thought-provoking question. First and foremost, advertisements of mass media, such as radio, television and Internet, might be misleading. Plus,pertinent action taken by the government to put an end to this trend might be little and limit. Therefore, people, men and women, old and young, in mounting numbers are spending too much on holiday gift which floods everywhere. To sum up, there is an upward tendency for people these days to spend money on festival presents rather than other things, which I believe will not change in a short time. To reverse the trend is not a piece of cake, which requires a good awareness of consumption value and interpersonal communication. Only in this way can we have colorful festivals and relaxing times. (223 words)
考研英语真题：英语二（已公布） 2017年考研英语二范文 新东方在线博物馆参观者用简单的visitors即可;至于图表中的数字是十万，6378个十万即6.378 billion. 范文如下： The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion. The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparalleled material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums. To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensible effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums.
Mba英语二写作历年真题及解析 2016年 Section IV Writing Part A 47。Directions： Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend，Jack，wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation。Write him a reply to 1）thank him，and 2）give you advice You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET。 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter。Use Li Ming instead。 Do not write the address。（10 points） Part B 48。Directions： Write an essay based on the chart below。In your writing，you should 1）interpret the chart，and 2）give your comments。 You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。（15 points）
Section IV Writing 47、 [参考范文] Dear Jack， Your letter of congratulations was received。Thank you for your nice words on my winning the c ontest。In the letter， you asked me about the skills to do translation，so the following are my a dvice for you。 Firstly， you should analyze the sentence structure， thus catching the meaning of the sentence。 Secondly， find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target l anguage。 Thirdly，revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistransl ations or missed meanings。 I hope my advice helpful。 Wish to see you soon。 Yours sincerely， Li Ming 第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明感谢来自朋友的祝贺;可以采用这样的表达方式：I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest. 第二段：写作内容应以建议为主体。在这个过程中可以把日常我们如何提高的方式写进正文，比如多加练习、多与外国人交流，多多接触国际事务等。本篇老师主要从这些方面进行论述，表达如下As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals i n this part. First and foremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. What’s more, you had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of foreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate a wealth of practical experience. 第三段：再次强调重申写信目的，如Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in your future study. 落款：Yours sincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;签名：Li Ming特别注意Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。 48、 [参考范文] Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students’ purposes of traveling。 The numb er of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%，while stu dents who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %。 There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart。To begin with， as the pr esent society is filled with fierce competition， most college students nowadays are under great pr essure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graduation。Therefore， they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress。 Secondly，with the fast advancement of t he living standards of Chinese families， traveling is increasingly affordable to most college stude nts。 For this reason， students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to m ake some friends。 From my perspective， no matter what reason it is for， traveling is of great benefit for students 今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图表显示了某高校学生旅游目的调查, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。 第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，表述数据时，图中有四五组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出较大比例的“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”，注意引入百分比的表达方式。 第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么为了欣赏风景而旅行的目的占37%，另一方面为什么缓解压力会占到33%比例。 最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。
蒋军虎英文写作讲义 蒋军虎英文写作讲义 (1) 一、....................................................................... 英文考试做题顺序 3 二、........................................................... 英文小作文通用要求和注意事项 3 三、 ............................................................... 小作文种类 3 1，作文通用要求 3 2，十种书信 3 2.1书信通用要求:标准格式，142阵形 3 2.2 求职信、申请信applicati on letter/cover letter & Appl ying letter 4 2.3 推荐信recomme ndati on letter 5 2.4 辞职信resig nation letter 5 2.5 建议信suggesti on letter/advice letter 6 2.6感谢信tha nks letter[2010 年真题，今年不太可能再考] 7 2.7 祝贺信con gratulati on letter 7 2.8 道歉信apology letter 8 2.9 投诉信compla int letter 8 2.10 邀请信invitation letter 8 2.11 介绍信in troduction letter 9 2.12 请求信in troduction letter 9 3，通知n otice 10 3.1 通知n otice 10 3.2备忘录Memo 10 3.3 报告report 10 4，摘要写作要点11
2020年自考《英语二》作文优秀满分范文模板(2) 【题目要求】 假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括： 1. 比赛信息; 2. 赛前准备; 3. 表达期待。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 能够适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【满分优秀范文】 Dear Chris, How is everything going? I have good news to tell you. A volleyball match is going to be held in a few weeks and our team will participate. As for the detailed information of the match, there will be probably dozens of teams which are going to make a revolving competition. Additionally, not only can the top three teams each be awarded a medal but all the other teams taking part in it will get a reward as well. What will be the most attractive is that it will be a great honor for the top three teams to receive special volleyballs that have the name of the most popular volleyball player on them. Therefore, we
目录 历年英二小作文概况分析 (2) 2018 年英语二小作文：（道歉信） (3) 2017 年英语二小作文：（感谢/介绍） (4) 2016 年英语二小作文：（感谢/建议） (5) 2015 年英语二小作文：（告示） (6) 2014 年英语二小作文：（咨询信） (7) 2013 年英语二小作文：（通知类邮件） (8) 2012 年英语二小作文：（投诉信） (9) 2011 年英语二小作文：（祝贺+建议） (10) 2010 年英语二小作文：（感谢+邀请） (10)
历年英二小作文概况分析 考研英语是从1980 年开始的；英语小作文是从2005 年出现的；而英语二是从2010 年出现的。 本部分搜集了英语二10--18 年的英语二小作文。将小作文考题和范文都列了出来，并在范文中，将格式、固定句式、结构等关键部分均做了标记。请学弟学妹们结合文档01 中提到的四大基本点认真去揣摩历年小作文的范文， 对各种类型的小作文都要做到心里有数，然后再去针对性的练习。 (注：由于英语二真题较少，小作文部分可以参看英语一历年的小作文)
2018年英语二小作文：（道歉信） Directions： Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not visit professor Smith. Write him an email to 1)apologize and explain the situation 2)suggest a future meeting You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing” instead. Don’t write your address. (10 points) Dear Professor Smith, I am writing to express my apology to you because my travel plan has been cancelled, and I am afraid that I cannot visit you as scheduled. As you know, I got a job offer from PWC last month and they told me to start my internship next month. But yesterday they informed me that my internship shall start earlier due to their change of personnel. Therefore, I have to cancel my tour plan. You cannot know how regretful I am, and I apologize for any inconvenience that I may cause you. The good news is that the company will send me for an intemational conference in New York January 8th, and I remember that you will also be in New York at that time. So why don't we just meet then and there? Hope to hear from you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
英语二大作文模板 ————女王范儿VV 成稿于2015年10月17日星期六凌晨1：25 坐标:上海中科院研究生公寓 第一段根据趋势描述图表，趋势包括上升、下降、不变How impressive and interesting the chart above is! As is apparently portrayed in the graph, there is a ----(图表反映的数据主体)fluctuated during -----(时间段)/some significant changes have taken place in the past years with regard to the number of ---(主题词).In the time of---(时间段)，---showed a sharply growth of ----- climbing nearly to -----. Simultaneously, as a stark contrast ,---- has witnessed a dramatic slump, dropping by –%from----to----(两个时间点).备用表达句【1、----has a steady but slight increase from (时间点1)to(时间点2), and has remained constant since then. 2、the fluctuation of ---is relatively slighter.】Simple as the above diagram appears at first glance, but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its 表格或者圆饼In the light of the information provided by the table, one can see that there ---have different---.The number of --- have--%. The number of --- have ---%.
Watch movies at home or in the cinema(16.10) When it comes to the topic, maybe you want to say there is no doubt that it is better to watch film at the cinema than at home.U doubtedly,the cinema’s big screen and good stereo equipment bring a audio-visual feast for the audience. There is a lot of people watch movies together in the movie theater,so,the atmosphere must be more vivid. But I think,watching movies at home,is our best choice. First of all.we feel comfortble to watch a movie at home. We can save a lot of transporting time on the way. Second, getting together at home to watch movies will make us enjoy more freedom. You can eat, and are able to talk to each other about the actor/actress in the film, how amazing they are, which may seem impolite in such a public place like cinema. Besides, if you watch movie at home, the price of the tickets will never bother you. In my opinion, I prefer to watch a movie at home, with my hot tea a nd comfortable bed,having a good time. Fight against the haze(16.04) Nowadays, many cities in our country are being threatened by the haze. As a plague puzzling us for a long time, haze, has exerted great negative influences on our human beings.It particles can affect the health of citizens,what’s more,it may brought great inconvenience to our
英语二 图表作文（一） 第二节图表作文的出题形式 例1题目：Changes in People’s Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.Write three paragraphs to: 1.state the changes in people’s diet(饮食)in the past five years; 2.give possible reasons for the changes; 3.draw your own conclusions. You should quote as few figures as possible. 例2题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2.Possible reason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;3.Your predictions of what will happen this year. Your composition should be no less than 120words and you should quote as few figures as possible. 例3For this part ,you are allowed 30minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries.Your composition must be no less than 120words and you should base your composition on the following instructions(given in Chinese): 1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况 2.说明引起变化的各种原因 从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节图表作文的写作要领 图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。 写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤 写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤： 1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系; 2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3)编列文章的提纲; 4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。 图表作文的篇章结构 20 17教 育硕 士 总群 1 90 776344
2015考研英语二作文真题详解及写作思 路 一、小作文：告示“招募夏令营志愿者” 英语二第一篇作文小作文，假设你们大学将要为高中生主办一个夏令营，第一点提纲简要介绍一下这个夏令营的活动，第二点提纲招募志愿者。请你注意不是书信，是告示。 告示题型我们也反复讲过，英语二可能初级强化班还是高级强化班我讲过一篇范文，就是10年英语一的小作文，当时它考的就是告示，招募志愿者；而且我反复强调，英语二的考生着重看一下英语一的小作文，反之亦然。五年以后原题重考，那篇文章完全可以使用。 另外在新东方在线12月我开的点睛班上也推荐了十篇范文，其中第十篇是告示。另外小作文提供了十个模板，最后一个模板还是告示，那篇文章就来自于2010年英语一的全国第一，完全可以使用。 告示大家注意格式不知道你是否写对了？第一行应该写标题，标题如果不会写就写Notice。下面写日期，放在标题右下方，月、日、年，Dec.27，2014年。日期如果你写不下可以不写。正文写一段到三段都可以，最后写一个落款。题目有这样的要求不要使用你的名字或者大学的名字。你最后随便来一个落款就可以了，打一个X也可以。 格式分成四个部分，标题、日期、正文、落款。这个日期可以不写，这是小作文。 二、大作文：图表作文“我国某市居民春节假期花销的比例” 我们接着说一下大作文。仍然沿用图表作文的形式。 英语二考了六年全部是图表作文，我们在考前反复说，今年英语二重点还是图表作文，英语一重点还是图画作文。 这篇作文还是两点提纲，英语二考了六年全部是两点提纲。第一点题目是这样的，写一篇议论论根据下面的图表，在你的文章当中你应该第一点提纲描述这个图表，第二点提纲给出评论。两点提纲一定要写三段，怎么写？第一点提纲就是第一段图表描述，第二点提纲应该变成第三段归纳结论。中间应该加一个第二段，第二段最好写原因列举。 图表描述怎么写？图表还是全中文的，只有2010年图表是英文的，你可以照抄，过去五年当中，英语二的大作文全是中文的题目，就是考你的词汇量。中文翻译过来就是第一菊总体描述，我国某市居民春节假期花销的比例。 第一句总体描述就是主题加对象加时间。这个图表没有时间，对象就是我国某市居民，主题就是春节假期的花销，把它翻译过来就可以了。 注意应该先翻译，比如说居民你可以写citizn，春节就是Spring Festibal，假期是vacation或者是holiday，花销是spending，比例percentage，这都是我们网络课程反复讲过个。某市怎么翻译？certain就可以了。 细节描述怎么写？这道题目考地是饼状图。我们在线课堂上反复讲过，考研图表就是四种，第一种叫做表格图，最难写；第二种叫做柱状图，考的最多；第三种叫做曲线图；第四
2016考研英语二大作文例文 The pie chart above clearly shows the proportion of the consumption of urban citizens during Spring Festival. The total expenditure on the holiday is classified into four types as follows: New Year gift, get-together, transportation, and others. New Year gift has the largest proportion, which accounts for 40%; then next is get-together and transportation both with 20%, followed by other expense, constituting 20%. It can be concluded from the pie chart that New Year gift is most popular factor that people tend to spend on while people also pay equal attention to gathering and transportation. Why does this phenomenon revealed in the pie chart above appear? Several reasons account for this situation. To begin with, I am strongly convinced that this is partly duo to the fact that the lunar New Year is a great occasion to the Chinese people, and giving each other presents at Spring Festival is an old traditional convention. In addition, this is partly because nowadays, people attach more attention to interpersonal relationship and social connection. Therefore, people choose to join a party and enjoy reunion dinner with their friends or family members. From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that people would like to spend much money on New Year gift whereas they also pay equal attention to transportation and get-together. For centuries, Chinese have observed this traditional holiday to welcome the beginning of a new year, and their consumption model reflects not only their personal life style but also our traditional custom. 一、考研英语考什么 在备考之前，先要了解一下考研英语都考哪些题型，因为有同学之前问听力怎么复习、口语如何提高之类，了解只清楚之后才不至于南辕北辙走冤枉路。考研英语考五大题型：阅读、写作、翻译、新题型、完形填空。阅读是占的分值比例最大的模块，2/5的比例，每个小题2分，每篇文章设有5个题目，共有4篇文章；写作中大作文英语一是图画作文，一般围绕社会现象，20分，英语二是图表作文，15分，小作文均为10分；翻译英语一是从一篇文章里划出5句话让翻译，10分，英语二是段落翻译，15分；新题型英语一为七选五、小标题、排序题，英语二为多项对应（连线题）、小标题、正误判断，都为10分；完形填空每个0.5分，20个小题。 二、阶段备考安排 考研过程一般分为基础、强化、冲刺。在寒假阶段，建议大家着手准备单词，基础不错的可以自己准备，基础不好的，可以报个词汇班，比如刘一男的课程，比较生动有趣，结合词根词缀方便大家记忆，书的话推荐大家刘一男的《考研词汇速记指南》和何凯文的《1575必考词汇突破全书》。
2017英语二 大作文 Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should wirte about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points） 【参考范文】 The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion. The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’ horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparallel ed material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums. To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensable effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums. 小作文 Directions：Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to 1) accept the invitation, and 2) introduce the key points of your presentation You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing” instead. Don’t write your address. (10 poin ts) 【参考范文】 Dear Professor Williams, I felt much honored when I received your invitation to give a presentation about Chinese culture to the international students of your college. I would much like to do this job. So I am writing to tell you something about the presentation to be given.