第五集语法填空核心考点考点突破
——时态与语态——在英语中运用极为广泛
【考向聚焦】
课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。
对应学生用书P16
用所给动词的适当时态或语态填空
1．(2013?福建，26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 解析考查动词时态。根据句中标志词over the last three years可知应为现在完成进行时态。
答案has been taking
2．(2013?北京，28)Hurry up！Mark and Carl ________(expect)us.
解析考查动词时态。根据Hurry up！可知，Mark和Carl正在等我们。用现在进行时态。
答案are expecting
3．(2013?北京，32)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants ________(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.
解析考查动词的语态和时态。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。答案are interviewed
4．(2013?湖南，22)“What do you want to be？”asked .“Oh，I________(be)president，”said the boy，with a smile.
解析考查动词时态。根据问句：你想当什么？可知时态为一般将来时态。
答案will be
5．(2013?湖南，26)If nothing________(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
解析考查时态和语态。首先nothing与do之间为被动关系，根据主句的一般将来时态可知，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时态。
答案is done
6．(2013?湖南，34)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so I________(do)my homework.
解析根据语境，对话中的第二个人昨天下午没去听课，而是在做作业，故使用过去进行时态，表示过去一段时间内在持续发生的动作。
答案was doing
7．(2013?江苏，21)Generally，students' inner motivation with high
expectations from others________(be)essential to their development. 解析考查主谓一致和动词时态。主语为motivation，故谓语为单数；根据语境及generally可知，描述的为一般情况，故使用一般现在时态。
答案is
8．(2013?江苏，25)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—(write)a report at home.
解析考查动词时态。此处考查将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时间段正在发生的动作。句意：——明天早上我可以用下你的车吗？——当然。我那时将会在家写报告。
答案will be writing
9．(2013?山东，27)—Oh no！We're too train________(leave)．
—That's 'll catch the next train to London.
解析考查动词时态。根据语境“我们太晚了”及后句“没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦”，可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态。答案has left
10．(2013?辽宁，22)He was unhappy when he sold his all，he________(have)it for a very long time.
解析考查动词时态。本题基础时态为一般过去时，他演奏吉他很长时间是发生在他卖(sold)之前，故用过去完成时态。
答案had had
自查自纠表
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 得分
考点
正误
思考我的盲点：
我将________。
对应学生用书P16
一般现在时
【典例1】“Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step ________(show)．”(2012?新课标全国)
解析考查时态。句意：“人生就像在雪中走路，”奶奶过去经常说，“因为每一步都留有足迹。”本句叙述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。此处show用作不及物动词，意为“露出，显出”。
答案shows
【典例2】 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________(suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.(2011?江苏)
解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的这一事实表明我们也许需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危险性的认识。将题干中that引导的同位语从句去掉可以清楚地看出空格处作谓语。因为主语the fact为第三人称单数名词，且此处表示的是目前的状况，故谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
答案suggests
1．A lot of people often forget that oral exams ________(design)to test our communicative ability.
解析句意：很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design存在着被动的关系。
答案are designed
2．My parents ________(live)in Hong were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
解析根据第二句中的．..have never lived anywhere else.可推知，空格处应用一般现在时表示状态。句意：我父母住在香港。他们生在那里，从未在别的地方居住过。
答案live
1．经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语如every...，sometimes，at...等连用。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2．客观真理、客观存在、科学事实或格言警句，若出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.(客观真理)
3．一般现在时表将来
下列动词：come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
4．if条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
I won't go there，if it rains tomorrow.
一般过去时
【典例3】 The three of us ________(travel)around Europe for about a month last summer.(2012?天津)
解析考查动词时态。句意：去年夏天，我们三人在欧洲旅行了一个月左右。根据句中的last summer可知用一般过去时。
答案travelled
【典例4】 When I got on the bus，I ________(realize)I had left my wallet at home.(2011?山东)
解析考查动词的时态。我上车后意识到把钱包忘在家里了。结合语境可知，这里描述的是过去发生的一个瞬间动作，所以用一般过去时。
答案realized
3．Excuse ________(realize)I was blocking your way.
解析句意：对不起。我(刚才)没有意识到挡了你的路。根据第二句后半部分的内容可知此处叙述的是过去的情况，表示的是说话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路，所以用一般过去时。
答案didn't realize
4．In 1492，Columbus ________(land)on one of the Bahama islands，but he mistook it for an island off India.
解析句意：在1492年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛，但他误以为是印度的岛屿。1492是过去时的标志，后面叙述的是在这一年里发生的事情。题目没有明确说明“登陆”是发生在“误解”之前的动作，因此，这两个行为都统一在1492年里。
答案landed
1．一般过去时也可与since和for引导的时间状语连用。例如：
I ________(live)in London for many years，but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
解析说话者现已回国，但过去在伦敦居住多年，故应用一般过去时。
答案lived
2．一般过去时还可与today，this week，this month，this year等时间状语连用，但这些时间状语显然是指不包括“现在”在内的过去时间。例如：
Did you see her today？你今天见到她了吗？
3．如果since从句的谓语动词是静态动词，则表示动作或状态已结束，不再持续下去。例如：
It's two weeks since he was ill.他病愈已有两周了。
It's a long time since she lived here.
她好久不在这里住了。
一般将来时
【典例5】 Close the door of fear behind you，and you ________(see)the door of faith open before you.(2012?湖南)
解析考查动词的时态。本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式，结合句意“关上你后面的恐惧之门，你将会发现信念之门在你面前打开”可知，应用一般将来时。
答案will see
5．The sky is clouding over；we can see there ________(be)a rainstorm. 解析句意：天空乌云密布，看来要有暴风雨来临。根据某种迹象表明将要发生某事，用be going to do sth。
答案is going to be
6．It's really time I went home but I'm enjoying myself，so I ________(stay)here a bit longer.
解析句意：尽管我现在该回家了，但我现在玩得正高兴，因此再多呆会儿。动词stay可以用进行时表示将来的动作。
答案am staying
一般将来时的用法
(1)表示将要发生的动作和存在的状态；
(2)表示对将来的看法、假定或推测；
(3)常用在与时间状语从句、条件状语从句连用的主句中。
(4)“will＋do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
没有水鱼将会死。
(5)“be going to＋动词原形”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外，还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他们打算在校门口见面。
(6)有些动词例如：go，come，begin，leave，arrive，return，take等，其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.
星期天我要去西藏。
现在进行时
【典例6】—I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ________(wait)for us.(2010?北京)
解析考查动词的时态。根据题干内容可知，这里表示的是此时此刻正在进行的动作，即“我们的朋友们正在等着我们”，因此用现在进行时。
答案are waiting
【典例7】“The moment ________(come)soon”，he thought to himself，waiting nervously.(2012?湖南)
解析考查动词的时态。根据空格处后面的soon可知，此处表示将来，且引号中的内容是“他”当时想法的直接表达，故可用现在进行时表示一般将来时。他紧张地等待着，心里想：这一时刻很快就会来临的。
答案is coming
7．I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ________(do)．
解析考查时态。此处是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句用了一般将来时，从句表示将来的概念，用了一般现在时finish代替一般将来时，finish 后接的宾语从句的时态应和finish保持一致，又因为此处表示的动作尚未完成，结合选项可知应用现在进行时。句意：我一做完正在做的事情就去图书馆。
答案am doing
8．—Joan，what ________(hold)in your hand?
—Look！It's a birthday gift for my grandma.
解析考查时态。根据答语中的Look可知，“拿”这一动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。句意：——Joan，你手里拿的是什么？——看看！这是我给奶奶的生日礼物。
答案are you holding
现在进行时的用法
(1)表示说话时正在发生的动作；
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作；
(3)表示近期特定的安排或计划；
(4)go，come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。
(5)常与always，often等频度副词连用，表示某种感情色彩。如：
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
(6)事物作主语时，多用一般现在时表示按计划安排的活动；人作主语时，多用
现在进行时表示计划要做的事。试比较：
The train leaves at 10 p．m.火车晚上10点开。
I am leaving tonight.我今天晚上要走了。
注意，下列动词不能用于进行时：
感觉类：look，smell，feel，sound，taste，see，hear等；
情感类：like，love，prefer，admire，hate，fear等；
思想类：wish，hope，expect，want，need，believe，think，understand，agree，know等；
其他类：have，contain，win，hold，belong to等。
过去进行时
【典例8】 After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading，only to be told that it ________(decorate)．(2012?安徽)
解析考查时态和语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是被装修的，应用被动语态，又根据句意可知，阅览室正在装修，动作正在进行时，故用过去进行时的被动语态。
答案was being decorated
【典例9】—When did the computer crash?
—This morning，while I ________(sort)the reading materials downloaded from some websites.(2012?福建)
解析考查动词的时态。句意：——电脑什么时候死机的？——今天上午，当我正在把从一些网站上下载下来的阅读材料进行分类的时候。根据句意可知，死机发生在我正在做某事时，也就是在过去的某个时间点，我正在做某事，故应用过去进行时态。
答案was sorting
9．—Mum，you should have taken me to the park this morning.
—I had planned to，but I couldn't afford the ________(give)a lecture. 解析考查动词时态。句意：——妈妈，今早你本应该带我去公园的。——我原本计划是这样的，但是我没能抽出时间，当时我在做演讲。根据语境可知，表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
答案was giving
10．—Hi，Susan，where were you at lunch time？I ________(save)a seat for you in the coffee shop.
—Oh，sorry to miss political science class ran longer than usual. 解析考查时态。根据语境判断，吃饭是过去发生的事情，强调在吃饭的过程中“一直为对方留着位子”，所以应该用过去进行时。
答案was saving
过去时行时的用法
(1)表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成)；
(2)表示某动作在过去某时间段内发生或经常发生；
(3)在口语中，有时用过去进行时表示现在的想法，语气显得委婉。如：I was wondering if you could do me a favour.不知你能否帮我一个忙；
(4)与一般过去时的区别：
a．一般过去时强调动作已完成；而过去进行时强调动作正在进行(未必完成)。b．一般过去时的谓语动词既可以延续性的，也可是终止性的；而过去进行时的谓语只能是延续性的。如：
His brother joined in the army in 1992.他哥哥于1992年参军。(join为终止性动词)。
My mother was cooking when I got home.我到家时我母亲正在做饭。(cook为延续性动词)。
现在完成进行时
【典例10】 In order to find the missing child，villagers ________(do)all they can over the past five hours.(2012?安徽)
解析考查动词时态。句意：为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。根据句中的can及时间状语“over the past five hours”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时。
答案have been doing
【典例11】 Tom ________(work)in the library every night over the last three months.(2011?北京)
解析考查时态。由句中的时间状语“over the last three months”可知应用现在完成进行时。
答案has been working
11．—Why，Jack，you look so tired!
—Well，I ________(paint)the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. 解析考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
答案have been painting
12．I have to see the doctor because I ________(cough)a lot lately. 解析考查时态。句意：我得去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。lately 表示“最近”，常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，此处表示在说话之前一直在持续的动作，并且有可能持续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。
答案have been coughing
现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。如：
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以来我一直在学英语。(现在还在学)
The workers have been building the bridge for five months.工人们建造这座桥已经5个月了。(现在还在建)
(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。如：Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere.你刚才去了哪里？我们一直在到处找你。
将来进行时
【典例12】I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I ________(fly)to Shanghai.(2012?辽宁)
解析考查动词时态。句意：我感到非常兴奋！明天早上这个时候我就要坐飞机到上海去了。语境强调将来某个时候正在进行的动作，因此用将来进行时。
答案will be flying
【典例13】If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you ________(eat)fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010?浙江)
解析句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你就会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。根据句意可以判断出这是真实条件从句。if从句中使用的是一般现在时表示将来，主句中应该使用将来时。
答案will be eating
13．—Guess what，we've got our visas for a short－term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice！You ________(experience)a different culture then.
解析考查时态。句意：——你猜怎么了，我们拿到了这个夏天到英国短期旅游的签证。——太好了！那你到时就可以体验一种不同的文化了。显然此处应用将来时，而且表示将来一段时间内正在进行的动作，不侧重完成，故用将来进行时。答案will be experiencing
14．Daniel's family ________(enjoy)their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
解析由时间状语“this time next week”可知这里表示的动作是将来某一个时刻正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时。
答案will be enjoying
将来进行时的用法
(1)表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
(2)表示稍后的安排。
(3)表示对将要发生的动作的预测。
(4)将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：
at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 1：30pm to 4：30pm tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
现在完成时
【典例14】—Look！Somebody ________(clean)the sofa.
—Well，it wasn't didn't do it.(2012?江西)
解析考查时态。句意：——瞧，有人擦过沙发了。——哦，不是我，我没有擦过沙发。根据语境可知，空处表示有人已经做过某事了，故用现在完成时。
答案has cleaned
【典例15】—I remember you were a talented pianist at you play the piano for me?
—Sorry，I ________(play)the piano for ye ars.(2012?湖南)
解析考查动词的时态。for years是解题的关键，for＋一段时间与现在完成时连用表示动作对现在造成了影响，符合本题句意。
答案haven't played
15．—Alvin，are you coming with us?
—I'd love to，but something unexpected ________(come up)．
解析考查动词的时态。句意：——Alvin，你会跟我们来吗？——我想去，但出了点没料到的事情。此处表示已发生的情况对现在的影响(我去不了了)，所以用现在完成时。
答案has come up
16．In the last few years thousands of films ________(produce)all over the world.
解析考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的时间状语“In the last few years”可知此处应用现在完成时，且films和produce之间是动宾关系，故应用现在完成时的被动形式。
答案have been produced
1．表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，常与非延续性动词连用，常与其连用的词有already，just，never等。如：
His brother has joined the Party already.他的兄弟已经入党了。
2．表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，通常用延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
I've taught English for 15 years.我教过15年英语。
Where have you been all these years?
你这些年去哪里了？
3．表示过去的动作对现在来讲已成为经历或经验。
We've all played with snow and ice.我们都玩过雪和冰。
4．常用现在完成时的句型。
It has been(is)＋一段时间＋since从句。
This(That/It)is the first(second...)time＋that从句。
5．与since连用的句子常用现在完成时，since后常接从句(需用过去时)或表示过去某一时间的短语。
I've lived in this house since I moved here.自从我搬到这，就住在这所房子里。
6．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
过去完成时
【典例16】By the time Jack returned home from England，his son ________(graduate)from college.(2011?辽宁)
解析考查时态。句意：杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by the time...“到……的时候”引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
答案had graduated
【典例17】 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ________(break)into the office during the night.(2011?江西)
解析早晨我们来上班，结果发现有人晚上闯入过办公室。空格处的动作发生在found之前，故用过去完成时。
答案had broken
17．—Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
—Oh！I thought they ________(go)without me.
解析考查时态。答语句意：我原以为她们不等我就走了呢。“走”和“想”这两个动作有时间上的先后关系，故用过去完成时。
答案had gone
18．John，a friend of mine，who got married only last week，spent $3，000 more than he ________(plan)for the wedding.
解析plan表示的动作发生在spend这一过去动作之前，故应用过去完成时。句意：我的朋友约翰上周结婚了，婚礼比计划多花了3 000美元。
答案had planned
1．过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by，before等构成的短语，也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他说他在国外呆了3年。
2．表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then，by the end of，by the time，until，before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。
3．用在It was the first/second/third...time that...句型中，that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirtynine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。
4．It was＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年来从没这么高兴过。
5．表示愿望或打算一类的词，例如：intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但我这来了个不速之客。
6．用在表示“刚刚……就……”的句型中：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had＋主语＋done... when...did...；No sooner had＋主语＋done...than...did...。Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
她刚一上床铃就响了。
被动语态的基本用法
【典例18】 In the near future，more advances in the robot technology ______(make)by scientists.(2011?湖南)
解析句意：在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与make存在着被动关系。
答案will be made
【典例19】 His sister left home in 1998，and ________(hear of)since. 解析主语His sister与hear of之间是动宾关系，因此判定此题考查被动语
态。结合句意“他的妹妹1998年离开家，然后就一直杳无音讯”以及时间标志词“since”可知，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案has not been heard of
19．—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water ____________(pollute)．
解析由语境可知水已经被污染了，要用现在完成时；large quantities of...作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；water与pollute之间存在动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态。
答案have been polluted
20．—What's that noise?
—Oh，I forgot to tell new machine ________(test)．
解析考查时态和语态。根据语境判断，此处表示“新机器正在被检测”，因此此处用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案is being tested
1．测试语态实际上也同时在测试时态。在做涉及动词的时态和语态的单项选择题时，分两步走：先确定语态，然后再敲定时态。如果主语是动作的执行者，就用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。时态要根据上下文、句意和句子结构来确定，遵循“时态呼应”原则。
2．不及物动词，如happen，occur，belong，take place等没有被动语态。
如The accident happened last night.
昨夜发生了交通事故。
The car belonged to Black.这辆车属于Black。
3．被动语态的助动词be有时可以换成get，构成“get＋过去分词”的被动结构。例如：They got married at last.
他们最终结为伉俪。About 30 passengers got killed in that terrible traffic accident.在那次特大交通事故中约有30名乘客丧生。
4．短语动词的被动语态，不要丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。
主动表被动
【典例20】 The water ________(leave)cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
解析feel在此作系动词，意为“给人某种感觉”，应用主动形式表示被动意义。
答案left
【典例21】 Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________(belong)to the well－educated.
解析belong to不能用于进行时，也不能用于被动语态。
答案belongs
21．I like getting up very early in morning air is so good ________(breath)．
解析在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，若主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，这时不定式要用主动形式表被动意义。
答案to breathe
22．—I'd like a pen which ________(write)well.
—Will this one ________(do)?
解析句意：——我想要支好用的钢笔。——这支行吗？write作“be capable of being used for writing(指钢笔、铅笔等)能用于书写，能使用”讲时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；do：be sufficient or satisfactory for(sb/sth)足够或能满足(某人/物的需要)。
答案writes；do
主动形式表被动意义的用法
(1)在形容词difficult，hard，comfortable，necessary等后面的不定式与主语形成动宾关系，但用主动语态。如：
This passage is very difficult to read.
(2)动词blame，rent的不定式作表语时，主动式表被动意义。如：The house is to rent.
(3)形容词worth doing中doing的主动式表被动意义。如：
The story is worth reading.
(4)某些及物动词如read，write，wash，sell，cut，lock等表示主语的某种属性；或表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如open，start，begin，move等都可用主动形式表被动意义。如：
The meeting began at 7：30 am.
对应学生用书P21
用动词的适当时态、语态填空
1．—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes，I know，my brother ________(play)in the match.
解析根据题意，该空表示在过去某段时间(yesterday)内正在进行的动作，意思是昨天我弟弟正在参加比赛，因此，应用过去进行时。
答案was playing
2．I like these English songs and they ________(teach)many times on the radio.
解析现在完成时，表示某一动作从过去到现在一直进行或反复发生。题干后半部分的时间状语many times表示某个动作反复发生。因此，该空应用现在完成时。English songs与teach存在被动关系，所以选用动词的被动语态。
答案have been taught
3．—I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think ________(prepare)for it for months.
解析从上文可知“Andrew将在决赛中拿第一”说明他还在准备，故用现在完成进行时。句意：他一直准备数月了。
答案has been preparing
4．We first met on a train in 2010，but we both felt immediately that we ________(know)each other for years.
解析根据题干所提供的信息，首先弄清说话者在谈论过去的事情，因此用过去时，然后考虑动词know在felt之前，即过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。
答案had known
5．The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________(expect)to arrive.
解析 a cold front(冷锋)和expect之间是被动关系，主句是一般将来时，故when引导的时间状语从句应该用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来要被发生的动作。
答案is expected
6．If their marketing plans succeed，they ________(increase)their sales by 20 percent.
解析句意：要是他们的市场计划成功了，他们将增加20%的销售额。从句是一般现在时表将来，主句常用一般将来时或情态动词can/may＋动词原形。
答案will increase
7．—Sorry，sir，your car isn't ready yet.
It ________(repair)by our workers.
—Oh，my God，when can I come to fetch it?
解析句意：——对不起，先生。您的车还没修好。我们的工人正在修理。——噢，我的天哪，那我什么时候能来提车？根据语境可知设空处表示现在正在进行且表示被动。
答案is being repaired
8．Visitors ________(request)not to touch the exhibits.
解析因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，因此需要用被动语态。
答案are requested
9．Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not an easy task because technology ________(change)so rapidly.
解析本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。
答案is changing
10．All the preparations for the task ________(complete)，and we're ready to start.
解析现在完成时表示过去做的事对现在的影响。从and we're ready to start 句意可知，一切准备工作已经就续，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。
答案have been completed
11．My mind wasn't on what he was saying，so I'm afraid I ________(miss)half of it.
解析整个事情是过去的事，且是做过的事，所以用一般过去时。
答案missed
12．The discussion ________(come)alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
解析come alive“变得活跃”。
答案came
13．—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh，how nice！Do you know when she ________(leave)?
解析考查动词时态，由现在完成时的用法，可知动作发生在过去。
答案left
14．It seems that water from this tap ________(leak)for some 'll have to take it apart to put it right.
解析根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续。由于现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以用现在完成进行时。
答案has been leaking
15．—Take this medicine three times a day，Tom!
—Do I have to take it？It ________(taste)so terrible.
解析taste在此用作连系动词，后接形容词做表语，在这一结构中，taste常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。
答案tastes
第五集语法填空核心考点考点突破 ——时态与语态——在英语中运用极为广泛 【考向聚焦】 课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。 对应学生用书P16 用所给动词的适当时态或语态填空 1．(2013?福建，26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 解析考查动词时态。根据句中标志词over the last three years可知应为现在完成进行时态。 答案has been taking 2．(2013?北京，28)Hurry up！Mark and Carl ________(expect)us. 解析考查动词时态。根据Hurry up！可知，Mark和Carl正在等我们。用现在进行时态。 答案are expecting 3．(2013?北京，32)—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants ________(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority. 解析考查动词的语态和时态。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。答案are interviewed 4．(2013?湖南，22)“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I________(be)president，”said the boy，with a smile. 解析考查动词时态。根据问句：你想当什么？可知时态为一般将来时态。 答案will be 5．(2013?湖南，26)If nothing________(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 解析考查时态和语态。首先nothing与do之间为被动关系，根据主句的一般将来时态可知，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时态。 答案is done 6．(2013?湖南，34)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I'm so sorry.But I________(do)my homework. 解析根据语境，对话中的第二个人昨天下午没去听课，而是在做作业，故使用过去进行时态，表示过去一段时间内在持续发生的动作。 答案was doing 7．(2013?江苏，21)Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others________(be)essential to their development.
语法填空提升练(一) 时态和语态 [考点巩固练] 1.(2017·浙江杭州七校联考)Over the last two generations in the UK and US,industrialization (slow) down and more people have become dissatisfied with life in urban areas. 2.(2017·浙江“超级全能生”12月联考)After her first ride as a “criminal”,Simms (decide) to swear off a life of crime.She joined the rest of the senior center people for a game of bingo. 3.(2017·北京改编)People (have) better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. 4.As you go through this book,you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World WarⅡ had a different experience. 5.(2016·全国Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. 6.How close parents are to their children (have) a strong influence on the development of the children’s characters. 7.Two years ago,our teacher (offer) us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. 8.My English teacher,as well as her students,(invite)to perform at the party last night. 9.Tom (work)in the library every night over the last three months. 10.—How much did you spend on the new mobile phone? —I (expect)it would cost me 500 dollars,but I was so lucky to get it at a 15 percent discount. [语篇强化练] A (2017·11浙江) Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It’s not all that hard to b uild an advanced and large vocabulary.Like many things in life,it’s 1. ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement,2.means you’ll just keep getting better and better.Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn’t think that a few 3.(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4. the rest of your life,and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
1.. This machine _______________ (not work). It hasn’t worked for years. 2.If their marketing plans succeed, they________________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. 3.Population experts predict that most people ___________(live) in cities in the near future. 5. He __________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. -- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time -- Yes, since she _________(join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers ____________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南) 9. John promised his doctor he _____________ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_____________ (lie) on the beach 11. So far this year we _________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) 12. The hotel wasn’t partic ularly good. But I ____________(stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ____________ (know) each other for years. (辽宁) 14. -- I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. -- I think so. He _____________________ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15. The telephone ________________ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16. --Did you go to the show last night --Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______________(invite). (陕西) 17. -- What’s that noise -- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine_______________(test). (浙江) 18. I like these English songs and they _______________ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽) 19. Don’t take the magazine away. It _____________(belong) to me. 20. I will go to see my son when he __________(finish) the training course. 21. Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom ________（ come） from abroad . 22. It’s time that we_______( take) some action to protect the environment. 23. Often a storm ________________(follow) by a calm. 24. If city noises ________________(keep) from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. 25. I bought this radio yesterday，but it ____________(work). 26. A friend of mine ___________(return) to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 27. When Jack arrived he _____________(learn) Mary had been away for about an hour. 28. We miss Ted a lot, for he ____________(kill) trying to save a child in earthquake.
高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.
高考英语——动词的时态和语态（专项练习题） 单句语法填空 1．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ (divide) us. 2．Silk ________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 3．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest. 4．More efforts，as reported，________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform. 5．Dashan，who ________ (learn)crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition. 6．When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ (see) for years. 7．Two years ago，while Cathy ________ (watch) the Olympics，a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer. 8．Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 9.I ________(read)half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 10．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward)success in the end. 11．—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ (wait)here for more than two hours. 12．Secret codes keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information ________ (send)by computer. 13．People in this area are in fact French citizens because it________(be) a colony of the French Republic since 1946.
高考英语语法填空专项训练动词的时态语态综合练习 解题技巧 在高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式. 例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东) 分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展.太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）.”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results. 例2：The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which __________ (place) under the Minister’s car. (2005广东) 分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed.
语法填空（2011年全国高考时态语态非谓语动词汇编） 01.The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from behind the house.（全国卷I） 02. If you don't like the drink that you ______(order), just leave it and try a different one.（全国卷II） 03. The island, _______ (join)to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. （全国卷II） 04. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody (break)into the office during the night. （江西卷） 05. On receiving a phone call from his wife (say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. （江西卷） 06. Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. （福建卷） 07. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_______ (hold). 08. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they______ (receive)from China. (福建卷） 09. Look over there – there’s a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.(山东卷) 10. When I got on the bus, I _____(realize)I had left my wallet at home. (山东卷) 11. She was surprised to find the fridge empty. The children _____ (eat)everything! (山东卷) 12. His first novel ( receive)good reviews since it came out last month.(陕西卷) 13．Claire had her luggage (check)an hour before her plane left. (陕西卷) 14. .More highways have been built in China, __(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (陕西卷) 15. Passengers are permitted (carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(天津卷） 16. ______ (translate)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. .(天津卷） 17. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, (keep)on your feet.(北京卷) 18. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ (break)into small pieces.（安徽） 19. All visitors to this village _________ (treat) with kindness.(四川卷） 20. Simon made a big bamboo box (keep)the little sick bird till it could fly. (四川卷） 21. (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (四川卷） 22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son. (graduate) from college. (辽宁卷) 23. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ (raise)people’s concern over food safety. （重庆卷） 24. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_______ (remind) of his own dreams. 25. The ability _____( express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. （湖南卷） 26. The players ______(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 27. Do you wake up every morning _______(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day? （湖南卷） 28. It is the most instructive lecture that I _______(attend) since I came to this school. （湖南卷） 29. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______(make) by science. （湖南卷） 30. Recently a survey _______(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. （江苏卷） 31. The rare fish, ______ (save)from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. （上海卷） 32. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam．Then I changed my mind, ______(realize) that he could do nothing to help. （上海卷） 33. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ (lose)the art of communicating face-to-face. （浙江卷） 34. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words. （浙江卷） 35. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city (cheer)by their enthusiastic supporters. （浙江卷）
动词时态 一、一般现在时 1.定义：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。 2.时间状语：Always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month…），once a week(day，year，month…），on Sundays（on Mondays …）. 3.基本结构：主语+ do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。 4.否定形式：主语+ am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 （2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。 （3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 二、一般过去时 1.定义：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，last(year，night，month…），in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long ago，once upon a time. 3.基本结构：主语+ 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。 4.否定形式：主语+ was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 （2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。 三、一般将来时 1.定义：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语：Tomorrow，soon，in a few minutes，the day after tomorrow，etc. 3.基本结构：（1）主语+ am/is/are + going to + do sth （2）主语+ will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：（1）They are going to have a competition with us in studies. 他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。 （2）It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 四、一般过去将来时 1.定义：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：The next day (morning \，year…），the following month(week…），etc. 3.基本结构：主语+ was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语+ would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语+ was/were + not + going to + do; 主语+ would/should + not + do.
高中英语语法（时态语态篇）练习题精选 ( ) 1. –Where is the morning paper?–I ________ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 2. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 3. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 4. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 5. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ______ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 6. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 7. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 8. Sorry, I can’t open the door, for I the key to it. A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost ( ) 9. —It’s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning ( ) 10. — Did you expect Frank to come to the party? — No, but I had hoped . A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come ( ) 11. — Bob must be very wealthy. — Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.
语法填空—时态语态 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.The house belongs to my aunt but she (not live) here any more. (全国I) 2.This machine (not work). It hasn’t worked for years. (浙江) 3.If their marketing plans succeed, they (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国Ⅱ) 4.Population experts predict that most people (live) in cities in the near future. (上海春) 5.He (play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6.-- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? -- Yes, since she (join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7.Teenagers (damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南) 9.John promised his doctor he (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10.By this time tomorrow, I (lie) on the beach 11.So far this year we (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) 12.The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13.We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we (know) each other for years. (辽宁) 14.-- I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. -- I think so. He (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15.The telephone (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16.--Did you go to the show last night? --Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (invite). (陕西) 17.-- What’s that noise? -- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine (test). (浙江) 18.I like these English songs and they (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽) 19.Don’t take the magazine away. It (belong) to me. 20.I will go to see my son when he (finish) the training course. 21.Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom （come）from abroad . 22.It’s time that we ( take) some action to protect the environment. 23.Often a storm (follow) by a calm. 24.If city noises (keep) from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. 25.I bought this radio yesterday，but it (work). 26.A friend of mine (return) to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 27.When Jack arrived he (learn) Mary had been away for about an hour. 28.We miss Ted a lot, for he (kill) trying to save a child in earthquake. 29.Shortly after we (seat)，a waiter came over to our table with a smile. 30.I have left the light of my office on, so I (go) back and turn it off. 31.The number of the guests who (invite) to the wedding reaches 800. 32.Mr. Smith told us that he (deliver) a speech the next week. 33.The professor asked his assistant whether his report (complete) in a week. 34.I feel it is your husband who (blame) for the spoiled child. 35.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology (change) so rapidly. 36.You can’t move in right now. The house (paint). 37.Shirley (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished. 38.Henry remained silent for a moment. He (think). 39.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory (increase) greatly. 40.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we (not find) out his address . 41.I wonder why Jenny (write) us recently. We should have heard from her by now. 42.My father (employ) at this job since 1990. 1