考研备考英语阅读突破——理解作者态
度
该题型常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观(subjective)还是客观(objective) ;肯定(positive)还是否定(negative) ;赞成(approval)还是反对(opposition)等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成。若用贬义词，显然是反对。若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。注意：作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来。所以，but一词至关重要(还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等).
【举例说明】
这种题目对考生而言难度较大，迷惑性也较强，因为命题专家是针对整篇文章设问，考生很难找到具体对应的语言点，所以要把握整篇文章。例如作者在谈一件事时是用反讽的口气，还是赞成的语气，此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词，考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思，然后返回文章去寻找感觉。特别提醒考生要牢记所遇到的构成作者态度题选项的每一个形容词。做文章作者态度题时，千万不要把考生自己的态度揉进文章中，同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作者引用的观点态度。
一、整体态度。文章作者态度是作者说话的口吻，不是考某一个语言点，而是文章中数个语言点串起来的一根线给读者的整体感觉。
例如2002年55题:
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979—1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices average $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously
squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backbone of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70% and in 1979 by almost 30%.
From the text we can see that the writer seems.
[A] optimistic
[B] sensitive
[C] gloomy
[D] scared
本段开头用设问句引出问题，再通过严谨地分析，结合数字的对比，得出乐观的结论。据此，我们可得知作者的态度从总体上是乐观的，积极的，故A为正确答案。
二、局部作者态度题，此类题目考查考生对局部细节所体现出的作者态度的理解，因此做此类题时，考生不能再像前一种态度题一样去找“感觉”，而应当回到文章局部上，落到实处。
例如1996年62题：
In the last half of the nineteenth century, “capital”and “labour”were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business! At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and E astbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to t he management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the wor kmen employed by the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power
and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author is most critical of .
[A] family firm owners
[B] landowners
[C] managers
[D] shareholders
在谈到family firm owners 时，作者只是说：“通过雇用一大批专业人员，这一变化适应了新时代的技术要求，防止了效率的下降。而效率的下降通常是家族公司在精力充沛的创立者之后的第二三代破产的原因。”这是很客观的表述，在谈到landowners时说：“对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人运作大大增加了作为一个阶层的持股人的数量及地位的重要性。国民生活中这一现象的出现代表了不由个人负责的财富与土地及土地所有者的义务的分离，这也在同样程度上意味着(不由个人负责的财富)与经营管理责任的分离。”也是很客观的表述，没有表明自己的态度。C选项在原文中有两处提及，但都是指带薪经理，对经理并没有进行任何批评性评论，因而也不符合题意。只有D选项对应原文中The “shareholders”as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.“像这样的‘持股人’对所持股票公司雇用的工人的生活，思想和需求一无所知，他对资本与劳工关系没有什么好的影响。”显然，作者对这种“持股人”持批判的态度，所以D是正确答案。
【学习指导】
考研备考的文章全部是来源于英美国家国内杂志上发表过的议论文，那么根据议论的特点议论的论点必须鲜明。如果一个论点不鲜明的文章投稿的话，报社自然是不会采用的。如果这个议论文谈论的话题是男女平等的问题的话，那么作者的情感态度必然是支持男女平等的。因为我们考察的文章是议论文，这样就在某种程度上决定了我们在做情感态度题目的时候必须按照议论文的特征来解答。议论文的特征也正是情感态度题的命题的逻辑的缺陷，成为我们解题的关键。
凯程教育：
凯程考研备考成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研备考，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研备考教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研备考服务。
凯程考研备考的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研备考的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研备考辅导机构；
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研备考辅导班：
在考研备考准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研备考名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研备考辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2017五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研备考，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研备考，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研备考机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。
英语阅读理解文章（作者）意图解题指导教学设计 I．设计思路 《高中英语新课程标准》明确指出：“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语学习方法，使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力。” 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求：要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1、理解主旨要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、作出简单判断和理解； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容 或作要词词语转换。 因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种： 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 让我们比较一下近两年江苏高考卷阅读理解题的分类题量。
2010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。 推理判断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。 判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 推断题分类 1.推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断文脉逻辑关系 那么，该如何掌握对推断作者观点态度题以及写作目的题的理解呢？ 人物性格、态度及观点判断题： 高考阅读测试中有些是考查对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词；能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
考研英语阅读理解试题及解析 Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。 There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They
1.主旨题 (考察理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力） ?识别：题干中出现：subject，summary，topic，title等表达方式的为主题句?实质：对论点和论题提问 ?解题方法： 寻找主题句，主题句通常出现在文章首段首句，或出现在文章开头的转折处或文章开头结束处 主题句特征：主体句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或者判断 寻找主题词：主题句首段末段或全文中多次出现 解题原则：正确选项不能描述太细节，不能包含无依据的信息，应该包含主题词或同义替换词 优先考虑议论文的标题 2.例子证明题（主要考察区分论点和论据的能力） ?识别：题干中出现example，case，illustrate等词 ?解题思路：例子为观点和结论服务，寻找到例子对应观点和结论，通常往上或往下寻找 ?错误选项特征：就事论事，自我总结 ? 3.推理题 ?识别：题干中出现infer，learn,conclude等词 ?分类 a.细节性的推理题(题干中包含具体的定位信息） 理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力 b.段落性的推理题（题干中包含具体段落） 理解文中单句之间，段落之间关系的能力，进行有关的判断，推断和引申的能力 c.全文性的推理题（题干中包含主体词或无定位信息） 理解文章总体结构的能力 ?常考出题点：段落首末段，主题句，观点句，转折处，强调或递进关系的地方
?实质和解题原则：考研推理题本质上还是一种同义改写，推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结 解题原则重在推理原文依据，特别关注转折，选择答案方面，主体大于细节，观点大于论据（意思就是选择原文中对应的总结性句子，而不是论据） 4.细节题：题干中不包含提起题型特征的题为细节题 （考察理解稳重的具体信息和概念性的能力，理解文章的总体解雇以及单句之间，段落之间的关系能力） ?事实识别：问题中出现文章相关的具体信息，可以用相对明显的本文词汇定位 ?因果关系：问题中除了有相对具体的定位信息词外，还有表示因果关系的词汇，要重点把握 ?观点识别：与观点结论有关，通常有suggest，found等引导的宾语从句 ?which题型：问题中没有具体的定位词只出现which提问 解题思路： a.识别题型 b.定位：寻找题干定位词（具体的定位词，因果词，观点词，比较词，原文词汇的替换词）与包含定位词的句子 c.读取： ?分析线索句主干与其他各项的对比（表达方式不同，意思最为接近的为正确选项） ?必要时需要分析线索句的上一句和下一句（支持句） ?当线索句为段落首末段时，支持句为段落的其他句子 d.注意事项：顺序原则（出题顺序和行文顺序基本一致）段落原则（一个段落通常只出现一个细节题，细节题通常不跨段（除非段落间存在指代或明显的逻辑关系） 5.词汇题 (考察上下文推测词义的能力） a.识别：要求对题干中的某个单词，词组或句子的含义进行推测 b.实质：通过上下文确定单词含义 c.解题流程： ?返回原文确定题干位置 ?根据上下文推测含义 ?代入原文，确定答案
同学们好，欢迎大家来到“慧学云平台”微课堂，我是来自柳州八中的英语教师罗曙霞。今天，我给大家讲解的是中考英语阅读之作者观点和态度题。 什么是“作者观点态度题型”？ 观点态度题主要考查学生通过掌握主题思想和具体事实，对作者的观点和态度做出合理推断的能力。 观点态度题是中考的把关题，含金量是2分一题，也是拉开中考考生档次的一种题型，因此，准确作答显得尤为重要。下面我从三个方面来进行讲解，1.命题方式2.解题技巧 3.例题讲解 作者观点态度”题的命题方式有哪些呢？主要有两种。 一.关于目的型 推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）命题方式有： The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________. What does the author think of…? The author’s attitude towards… is . 这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂单个的句子，而且要全面分析所有相关信息，从而把握作者在整篇文章中的观点，因此，必须看懂全篇文章的意思，切忌片面思考，得出片面答案。 二.判断正误型 1.Which of the following is true according to this passage? 2.Which statement is FALSE according the above passage? 3.Which idea is NOT true according to the passage? 4. Which of the following is untrue? 那么我们在做这类题时有什么解题技巧呢？ 1.抓段落的首句和尾句。作者往往在首句和尾句表明自己的观点和态度，所以抓首句和尾句是做题的突破口。 2.不要把自己的态度置于其中，不能以你的观点来判断正确与否；也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。 3.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。 4.作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联。 下面进行例题讲解，首先我们来看Passage 1 这篇文章有3段，（依次播放3张PPT,每张停顿2秒）好，看题。读AB两个选项，返回第1张PPT，读划线句子，分析出AB选项是正确的。再读C选项，读完回到第一张，解释lost是丧失了能力的意思。所以答案是C选项。此时，文章的大意很明了，自然D选项是正确的。 A successful young businessman recently lost his natural ability(能力)to do business.He was so worried that he went to see his doctor.The doctor examined（检查）him ,but found nothing wrong with his brain.However,the doctor advised him to see a brain expert.The expert told him that his brain was prematurely（过早地）old and worn out. He also told the young man that he could be cured by transplanting a new brain. The yong man asked the price of the brain.The expert said slowly,“I’m not sure.You know it depends on what kind of brain you want.For example,you can get a lawyer’s brain for ￥100,000;a doctor’s for ￥200,000;also a soldier’s for ￥400,000.” “No,it’s funny that a soldier’s brain is twice as expensive as a doctor’s,”the young man argued（辩论）. “Oh,you know a soldier’s brain is never used,and it’s just as useful as a new one,”the expext said coldly. 1.( C )Which statement is FALSE about the above passage? A．The young man earned a lot of money by doing business. B．The young man had a gift to do business. C．The young man could still do his work well. D．The young man wanted the doctor to help him.
考研备考英语阅读之新题型解析 选择搭配题是考研备考英语在2005年改革以后出现的一种新题型，主要考查学生理解文章结构、以及文章连贯性的能力。通常有三种考查方式，其中有一种是从500-600词的文章中留出5个空白，再从题后的6-7个备选答案中分别选出能填入文章的5个。 解题步骤： 1. 速读文章，弄清文章主旨和大体意思 2. 读被插入的句子，找出句首或句尾的关键词或关键意思 2. 阅读可以插入空格前后的信息，寻找与插入句相关的意思 3. 选择与插入句最相关的空格 注意：如果出现以下情况，答案都可能是错误的： ★打乱了相邻句子之间的逻辑性 ★影响了转折语的正确使用 ★打乱了代词与其指代对象之间的逻辑关系 ★隔开了本是相邻的两句话 解题技巧： 1.快速通读整篇文章，大致理解文章意思，可以看出文章主要是在讲加拿大的药物价格问题。 Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs. They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs. 41. What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources , work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. 42. But “national”doesn't have to mean that. “National”could mean inter-provincial combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces. Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（4） It is a startling claim， but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effects： the equivalent of two classrooms full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs. Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America， where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills， pills and medical bills of the elderly. Cancer kills more children than any other disease in MERICA. 1） although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades， the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001. 2） Grisly though these statistics are， they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer （41，000 each year） and lung cancer （164，000）。Adbocates foor more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost， the average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six， while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci， a pediatric cancer export at Johns Hopkins， points out that in terms of total life-years saved， the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer. There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations， all the same， breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity， private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer， a term which covers people up to 20
2018考研英语一阅读：态度题解题技巧【解题方法】作者态度分类法 1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。 1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑 2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。 2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意： 1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。 2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。 3. 态度题的新趋势： 1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。 2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely 【解题步骤】 1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向) 2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。 【例题】2015年Text 2 They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. 27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of [A] disapproval. [B] indifference. [C] tolerance. [D] cautiousness. 【解题步骤应用】 1 判断选项态度的正负向 [A] disapproval反对的(负) [B] indifference漠不关心的(中立) [C] tolerance包容(正) [D] cautiousness谨慎的(正) 2 回文判断态度 They should start by discarding California's lame argument 因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。 其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的
观点态度题 典题示例 第1招：辨别文体、捕捉反映行文基调的词语 阅读理解 Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. 1.In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do? A. Use words skillfully B. Associate with listeners C. Make musical speeches D. Learn poems by heart 第2招：利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位 阅读理解 … Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don't believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says.” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.” But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You neve r know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says. 2.What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? A. They are out of date. B. They are questionable. C. They are practical. D. They are advanced. 第3招：结合所举例子进行判断 阅读理解 For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club. 3.What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience? A. Conservative. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Self-centered. 第4招：结合文章主题综合推断 阅读理解 Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists — everyone — is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can. 4.The letter aims to remind editors that they should ______. A. give more freedom to their reporters B. keep their best reporters at all costs C. be aware of their reporters' professional development D. appreciate their reporters' working styles and attitudes
一．情感态度题的词语选项一般可以分为以下几种： 1．褒义词 impartial,（公正的）, rewarding（有回报的）, appreciative (欣赏的)，positive (肯定的, 积极的), optimistic (乐观的), useful (有用的, 有益的), admiring (赞赏的, 钦佩的), interesting (有趣的), instructive (有益的, 教育性的), enthusiastic (热心的, 热情的), supportive (支持的), support(支持), approval (赞成, 承认), approving (满意的), confident (自信的, 确信的), impressed (留下印象的), reverent (尊敬的), polite (有礼貌的, 文雅的)。 2．贬义词 Apprehensive(担忧的), hostile (敌对的), dubious(怀疑的)，intolerant (不能容忍的), negative (否定的, 消极的), pessimistic (悲观的, 厌世的), subjective (主观的, 个人的), disappointed (失望的), frustrated (失败的, 落空的), critical (批评的), questioning (质疑的), doubtful (可疑的, 不确的), compromising (妥协的), dissatisfied (不满意的, 不高兴的), biased (有偏见的), satirical (讽刺的), puzzling (迷惑的), suspicious (怀疑的), gloomy (令人沮丧的), scared (恐惧的), cynical (愤世嫉俗的), oppose (反对), opposition (反对), disgust (令人反感), disgusting (令人厌恶的), worried (闷闷不乐的), depressed (沮丧的), contemptuous (轻蔑的, 侮辱的), arbitrary/opinionated (武断的) 。 3．中性词 analytical (分析的)，apathetic (缺乏兴趣的)，concerned (关心的), cautious (谨慎的, 小心的), neutral (中性的)，objective (客观的), impartial (公平的, 不偏不倚的), indifferent (无关紧要的), impassive (冷漠的), detached (超然的，不偏不倚的), unconcerned (不关心的), uninterested (不感兴趣的), , humorous (滑稽的, 诙谐的), , disinterested (无私的), sensitive (敏感的), factual (事实的, 实际的), informative (提供资讯的), persuasive (说服的), personal (个人的,), formal (正式的), informal (非正式的), casual (偶然的), 二．情感态度题常见出题位置 1．直接表达作者或者其他人态度的句子。 2．一些感情色彩较浓的词语，尤其是形容词、动词和副词等。 3．首段和末段。 4．出现转折的地方，如nevertheless, however, but, yet等。 5．文章中一些情态动词后面的内容，这些情态动词有should, shouldn’t, must, mustn’t等。
英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的词汇汇总 1.一赞同 2.positive adj.肯定的,积极的, 确实的 3.favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的 4.approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准 5.enthusiasm n.狂热, 热心, 积极性 6.supportive adj.支持的，支援的 7.defensive 为……而辩护 8.二否定 9.negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的 10.disapproval 不赞成 11.objection 异议 12.opposition 反对 13.critical 批评的 14.criticism 批评批判 15.disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕 16.detestation n.憎恶, 厌恶的人, 嫌恶 17.indignation 愤慨 18.contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬 https://www.doczj.com/doc/64666106.html,promising n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷 20.worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的 21.三怀疑 22.suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑 23.suspicious adj.(～of) 可疑的, 怀疑的 24.doubt 怀疑的 25.doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的 26.puzzling adj.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的 27.四客观(即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大) 28.objective adj.客观的 29.neutral adj.中立的 30.impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 31.disinterested adj.无私的 32.unprejudiced adj.没有偏见的 33.unbiased adj.没有偏见的 34.unprejudiced adj.公平的, 无偏见的 35.detached 不含个人偏见的 36.五主观 37.subjective adj.主观的, 个人的 38.indifference n.不关心 39.tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受 40.pessimism n.悲观, 悲观主义 41.gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 阴郁的42.optimistic adj.乐观的 43.sensitive 有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的 44.scared adj.恐惧的 45.reserved adj.保留的, 包租的 46.consent vi.同意, 赞成, 答应 47.radical adj.激进的 48.moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和 https://www.doczj.com/doc/64666106.html,d adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 适度的 50.ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的 51.confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的 52.amazed adj.吃惊的, 惊奇的 53.concerned adj.关心的, 有关的 54.apprehensive adj.担忧，担心 55.mixed 喜忧参半 56.biased 有偏见的 57.indignant adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的 58.六积极 59.objective 客观的 60.concerned 关注的 61.confident adj.自信的, 确信的 62.interested adj.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的 63.optimistic adj.乐观的 64.positive 正面的 65.impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的 66.七中立/折中 67.impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 68.neutral 中立的 69.impersonal adj.非个人的 70.factual adj.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的 71.detached 不含个人偏见的 72.八消极的 73.negative 消极的 74.indifferent 漠不关心的 75.depressed 消沉的 76.subjective 主观的 77.pessimistic 悲观的 78.unconcerned 不关心的 79.contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 侮辱的 80.hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的 81.biased 片面的
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(3) When a new movementin art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what itsadvocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable theirprinciples may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may beregarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is ratherdifficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting thatthe theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly beclassed as Literature。 This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, pastconditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in aworld of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts andemotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, saysthe Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up ourliterature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a largestream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, orfinite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitatethem; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the samepage, and shorten or lengthen words at will。 Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is alittle upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describesa