The Hidden Side of Happiness
1.激流漂流：an recreational activity using an inflatable (可充气的）raft to navigate a
river or other bodies of water.
hurricane: a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water 飓风
e.g. In America, Hurricane Katrina turned New Orleans from a stable, wealthy and vibrant city
into a wasteland in a few days.
typhoon 台风
monsoon 季风与季风相伴的雨季
trade wind 信风
vicious:
violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically
e.g. a vicious murder/killer/cycle
? A tiger wearing a monk's beads/a vicious person pretending to be benevolent 老虎戴素珠——假充善人
very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone's
feelings or make their character seem bad,
e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.
similar words: malicious, evil, violent, savage, cruel,
ferocious, fierce
Their refrain might go sth. like this:
refrain: n. a remark or idea that is often repeated 重复
e.g.
（1）Their proposal met with constant refrain that it was impractical.
（2）I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears.
refrain: v. to hold oneself back; forbear
e.g. refrain your tongue from backbiting. 不要在背后中伤人家
2 tribulation: a serious trouble or a serious problem
苦难，困苦，考验
?Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation. (John Kennedy, American president) 从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧。(美国总统肯尼迪)
?Even at this point in our awful tribulation under the German scourge we were quite friendly. 此刻，即便是处在德军蹂躏的极端痛苦中，我们仍然是十分友好的。
tribulation: a serious trouble or a serious problem
同义词：trial, visitation
?The famine was a visitation of God for their sins. 那次灾荒算是上帝对他们罪孽的惩罚。?…this visitation/ is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose
我现在是来磨砺你的快要蹉跎下去的决心
?Oh, if it had been His will to take the grey head to rest before this awful visitation on my house and name! 啊！要是在那个恶运降临我的门楣之前，上帝就让我这白发苍苍的老人与世长辞，那该多好！
perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth…
bona fide: adj. made or carried out in good faith; sincere
e.g. There are few bona fide readers but many dippers. 真诚精读的人很少，但粗读者却很多。
e.g. a bona fide Rembrandt（伦勃朗）
bona fide: adj. authentic; genuine
built-in: adj. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic是…的组成部分的；嵌入式的；内置的; 内在的
同义词：[a.] constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral
There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. flourish: develop well and be successful
e.g. The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.
thrive
e.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.
See：develop, bloom, grow, prosper
Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.
A.Positive responses only happen to the toughest and the bravest people.
B.Anyone could obtain positive outcomes from difficult experiences.
C.Only the toughest and the bravest people will undergo disturbing circumstances.
D.The toughest and the bravest people are more likely to encounter profoundly disturbing
experiences.
adversity: a situation in which you have a lot of problems that seem to be caused by bad luck n. 逆境；厄运；窘境；灾祸；灾难；不幸的事
Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes; and adversity is not with out
comforts and hopes. -- Bacon
幸运中并非不搀杂各种担心与烦恼，而厄运中也并非不存在欣慰与期望。－－培根
Learning is an ornament in prosperity, a refuge in adversity, and a provision in old age.
学问在得意时是装饰品，失意时是庇护所，年老时是供应品。
3. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide:……fledgling:
n. 1.（刚会飞的）幼鸟
…when fledglings are almost ready to leave the nests.
2. 初出茅庐的人，无经验的组织，新体系
He is a fledgling writer.
By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.
bromide ['br?umaid]
any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally
replaced by safer drugs 溴化物
a trite or obvious remark 陈词滥调
[同] commonplace, banality, bromide, platitude, cliche
In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled.
in the wake of: following or as a result of sth 紧跟、效仿
e.g. In the wake of the crisis, the US was now burdened with soaring borrowing, high
unemployment, and collapsing house prices.
The figures do not include restrictions on pork imports implemented by 39 countries in the wake of the swine flu outbreak.
4. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. paradox: a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange
?For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.
?`More haste, less speed' is a well-known paradox.
weather：v. to come through a very difficult situation safely （p14）
e.g. The police department has weathered the storm of criticism after the incident.
He said it was a “special” policy to weather the financial crisis.
Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss.
quest: n. the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search
e.g. in quest of employment
quest (for): v. seek after
e.g quest for improvement /hidden treasures
See: pursue, seek
shrivel:
v. 1) wither, as with a loss of moisture
e. g. Why do Kate’s onions grow so well while John’s shrivel and rot in the ground?
2) decrease in size, range, or extent
e.g. Profits have shriveled since the start of the economic crisis.
bliss: perfect happiness or enjoyment 极乐，狂喜; 天堂之乐，天赐之福，福祉；天堂，乐园
–They flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude; and then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils.
?live to ripe old age in conjugal bliss: remain a devoted couple to the end of their lives ?Oh, grant me my prayer that I may never lose the bliss of the touch of the one in the play of many.
Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.
A. Those who experience different weather conditions can find happiness.
B. Weathermen are most likely to experience the paradoxes of happiness.
C. Those who come out of a difficult situation soundly are the best examples of the paradoxes of
happiness.
D. People gain happiness and sorrow if they handle adversity well.
We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life.
A.The best possible life of humans depends on whether they are happy.
B.The best possible life comes from pleasure.
C.The best possible life needs more pleasure.
D.Pleasure is not the only thing that contributes to the best life.
5. anodyne: adj. expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone
e.g. Look at the reaction in India to some fairly anodyne comments by President George W.
Bush.
anodyne: n. a medicine used to relieve pain止痛剂
contend: v. to compete against someone in order to gain something
contend for:
e.g. Ten teams are contending for the title.
have to contend with: have to deal with something difficult or bad
e.g. As the world gets warmer, humans will have to contend
with more and more diseases.
contend : v. to argue or state that something is true
e.g. The authors /think/believe/argue/contend/maintain/insist/assert/hold/observe/note that it is
necessary to distinguish between these words.
It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey ‖that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”.
有证明显示，那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他们从未预料到的震撼作斗争，并且思考自己生命意义的人，也许能就深奥而极具成就感的经历给予我们最多的意见。哲学家们过去把这一探寻称之为“美好的生活”。
6. empathy: n. identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and
motives; pity adj. 移情作用的n. 同情，同感
e.g. Empathy, the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another, is the foundation of the moral
sense.
?He can exchange with people easily, and has comparatively more of a sense of what is right and feelings of empathy.
?Empathy for the criminal's childhood misery does not imply exoneration of the crimes he committed as an adult.
…because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change.
take on: to undertake or begin to handle
e.g. take on extra responsibilities
7. She had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in
check.
keep/hold… in check: to keep someone or something under control; to restrain someone or something.
e.g. I was so angry I could hardly hold myself in check.
Would you please keep your voice in check?
excruciating: a. extremely painful 极痛苦的, 折磨人的
He was suffering an excruciating humiliation which mocked him
in its very intensity.
[同] excruciating, harrowing, agonizing, torturesome, torturing, torturous
8. wimp: a person who lacks confidence, is irresolute and wishy-washy (weak in willpower,
courage or vitality)
He is a colorless, indecisive wimp, and not a leader among men.
[同] crybaby, chicken
But this time, she was way past her limits.
way: adv. by a great distance or to a great degree; far 大大地，非常地
e.g. way off base; way too expensive
9. As her sleepless nights wore on…
wear on: pass slowly (of time)
e.g. As the evening wears on, she becomes more and more nervous.
awesome: inspiring awe or admiration or wonder
(1)令人敬畏（或畏怯、惊奇、惊叹）的，引起敬畏的，可畏的，可怕的
He was more affected by the awesome abysses than by the harmonious landscape.
The Sequoia National Park was created in 1890, in order to preserve these awesome wonders. (2)表示敬畏（或十分尊敬）的
The crowd stood in awesome silence before the ancient ruins.
The audience clapped in awesome respect for Luciano Pavarotti.
(3)【俚】出色的；令人难忘的，给人深刻印象的
encompass: include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory 包含，包括，涉及（大量事物）
The nutrients in foods encompass the minerals and vitamins. A portfolio can encompass
a whole array of different investment vehicles.
同：comprehend , cover, embrace
compassion:
? 1. a deep awareness of and sympathy for another's suffering
? 2. the humane quality of understanding the suffering of others and wanting to do something about it
In the Buddhist vision, wisdom and compassion are the most important sentiments that inspire human behavior.
Make no judgements where you have no compassion.——Charles Dickens
We all have a heart of compassion and a heart of conscience, a heart of reverence and a heart of right and wrong.
I felt stripped of everything I’d ever identified myself with.
strip: v. to deprive of honors, rank, office, privileges, or possessions; to remove all excess detail from; reduce to essentials
e.g. It would strip your honor from you, and leave you naked.
Amazement stripped him of all power of speech.
11. combat: n. (1) an engagement fought between two military forces [C,U] 战斗，格斗，反对
(+with/between/against)
(2) the act of fighting; any contest or struggle与...战斗，反对，搏斗(+with/against)
battle，war，campaign，struggle，warfare，fight，combat，engagement 这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。
battle 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
War 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争
Campaign 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作
引申用。
Struggle 指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。
Warfare 侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。
Fight 最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。
Combat 泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。
Engagement 指交战，交火。
反腐倡廉：
fight corruption and build a clean government
fight corruption and uphold integrity
combat：to take action in an organized way in order to oppose something bad or harmful combat crime
combat inflation
1）Global standards to combat corruption in police forces/services （国际刑警组织）?http://www.interpol.int/Public/Corruption/Standard/Default.asp
2) Helping Countries Combat Corruption: The Role of the World Bank（世界银行）?https://www.doczj.com/doc/6415784330.html,/publicsector/anticorrupt/corruptn/coridx.htm
3）WHO sets up network to combat corruption in medicines procurement（世界卫生组织）?http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2006/np31/en/index.html
1）Shanghai Stresses Auditing to Combat Corruption（2001年3月6日人民网英语新闻报道）
?https://www.doczj.com/doc/6415784330.html,/english/200103/06/eng20010306_64168.html
2）Wen calls for more efforts to combat corruption（2003年3月28日新华网英语新闻报道）?https://www.doczj.com/doc/6415784330.html,/jsp/contentpub/browser/contentpro.jsp?contentid=co8497082 372
3）Guangdong will boost efforts to combat corruption（2008年5月1日中国日报英语新闻）?https://www.doczj.com/doc/6415784330.html,/china/2008-05/01/content_6656044.htm
combat corruption for public integrity
the fight against corruption
fight/combat graft
graft fighting
anti-graft
2008年7月22日的一篇英语新闻报道的标题如下：China's anti-graft chief calls for more int'l co-op in fighting corruption。
aftermath: the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event) （战争、事故、不快事情等带来的）后果，创伤[U]
Sixty-five years ago, 51 nations came together in the aftermath of one of history's most
devastating wars to rededicate themselves to peace, justice, and progress.
aftermath:
E.Chinese President Hu Jintao on Wednesday expressed his 'deep condolences' over the death
of a Chinese UN observer killed in an Israeli air raid on a UN post in south Lebanon.
F.President Hu "demanded the Chinese departments concerned properly handle the
aftermath of the incident and take every measure necessary to ensure the safety of Chinese nationals in Lebanon," said the statement from Chinese Foreign Ministry.
preoccupy: v. if something preoccupies someone, he/she thinks or worries about it a lot
e.g. The matter preoccupies her completely—she cannot think of anything else
be preoccupied with: thinking about something a lot, with the result that you do not pay attention to other things
e.g. Ron is completely preoccupied with the wedding preparations at the moment.
Many youngsters today are so preoccupied with computer games as to forsake food and sleep, resulting in a host of adverse consequences.
shatter: v. to damage seriously; disable; to cause the destruction or ruin of; destroy.
e.g. His health was shattered by the disease.
The outcome of the conflict shattered our dreams of peace and prosperity.
Nothing could shatter his faith.
haunt: v. follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to; haunt like a ghost;
pursue; be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place
– 1.（指鬼魂）常出没于（某处）[T]
– 2.经常去(某地)；缠住(某人) [T]
– 3.(思想，回忆等)萦绕在...心头;使困扰[T]
haunt: v.
Memories of the past haunt her.
A ghost is said to haunt this house.
I care not to haunt the mouldy stillness, for I go in search of everlasting youth…
The years of the war still haunt me.
gratifying: adj. pleasing and satisfying 悦人的，令人满足
You are indeed to be congratulated on this most gratifying results of your labours.
值得（我们）欣慰/高兴/欣喜/庆贺/的是…”
It is gratifying/delightful/pleasing/wonderful/great (for us) to know/see…
We/people are gratified/delighted/pleased/happy/glad to know/see…
12. invulnerability（刀枪不入，不再受伤害）: having the strength to withstand attack
The myth of Hitler's invulnerability was soon blown sky - high.
Pierced（穿透，刺过）: having a hole cut through
Have you ever observed that his ears are pierced for earrings?
Her remarks pierced his heart like ten thousand arrows and unknown to himself his tears flowed.
A tsunami warning siren pierced the night in Hawaii and elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean Friday,
after an 8.9 earthquake near the east coast of Honshu, Japan, generated tsunami waves, which move as fast as a jetliner.
Glasses 2% A beard 3% Too much hair on the body 6%
Long hair on the head 4% No hair on the head 7% Pierced ear/ ears 3% Pierced nose (or other body part!) 4% Pale skin 3% Long fingernails 8% Unshined shoes 1% Tattoos 3% Yellow teeth 9%
Shabby clothes 3% Long nose hair 7% Stinky body odor 7%
Big belly 5% Fat ass 6% Bad breath 8% No muscles 3%
Muscles are too big! 6%
armor: n. a defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
Their feathers were like armor impenetrable to steel.
Donny: 吴琼，昨天的电影好不好看？
WQ: 别提了，讲吸血鬼的，吓死我了。怎么说来着，1
Donny: 2
WQ: 早知道听你的就对了。特别是女主角被变成吸血鬼那段，简直毛骨悚然，吓得我汗毛都立起来了! 对了，美语里有类似的说法吗？
Donny: 3
WQ: hair, 是毛发，stand on end 立起来。连在一起，to make one's hair stand on end 吓得人毛发都立起来了。所以要说那一幕吓得我汗毛都立起来了，就可以讲4
Donny: 5
WQ: blood 是血，cold 是寒冷。to make one's blood run cold 让血都变冷了，也就是中文里说的吓得我浑身冰凉吧？
Donny: 6
WQ: 什么？Rachel 不是特别胆小吗？7
Donny: I know (8)
WQ: 啊，你想让Rachel 觉得你是her knight in shining armor身穿闪亮盔甲的骑士？保护她的英雄？我看你啊，八成是别有用心。
Donny: (haha) 言归正传，还是说说你今天都学了什么吧!
tear away: rip off violently and forcefully
Hold your bag close to prevent a thief from tearing it away from you in the market.
tear……away(idm)
The TV programme was really attractive. I could not tear myself away from it.
Spring is everywhere. From the sky, it falls in small white blossoms, fugitive s from a rapid winter birth. In my community, the small greening garden bush es light up like stars in the dark sky. In the distance, a dust storm looms, hover ing with impending doom. However, the pleasant scene of the spring flowers inside these brick walls quickly takes over and fills my heart with joy.
Later that day, my friend and I sit in a majestic church, listening as the voice of the pastor echoes in the wide space. Rays of dimmed sunlight fall between the pew s and statues as the hour passes. I am slowly being refined through my weekly visits to this place, as if a hammer were knocking useless thoughts out of my head. I laugh a little at this because in many ways, I am going through the same changes as the flowers in my own garden. The spring wind is tearing away weak petal s, leaving the flowers with strong roots and their special, hidden color.
13. come to terms with: to accept an unpleasant or sad situation and no longer feel upset or angry
about it 妥协，接受
The protagonist loses everything in his struggle to come to terms with unforeseen events.
She also is receiving psychiatric counseling to come to terms with what happened. She's struggling to understand.
incorporate: v. to unite (one thing) with something else already in existence; to cause to merge or combine together into a united whole
We will incorporate your suggestion in this new plan.
Whatever solution he chooses, Mr. Lee must incorporate into his decision the trust and teamwork that have gained his department respect.
Many retroviruses (although not HIV) also incorporate themselves into their hosts' eggs or sperm, and are passed passively from parent to child
14. paramount: having superior power and influence
Therefore it is of paramount importance that the software used is properly validated.
God is not subjected to paramount immutable laws of the cosmos.
In less developed countries the paramount problem is providing sufficient employment for the rapidly expanding urban populations.
in line with: if something changes in line with something else, it changes in the same way and at the same rate as it
Annual pay increases will be in line with inflation.
However, the European Commission said the measure was fully in line with WTO rules.
15. retrospect: n. a review, survey, or contemplation of things in the past
in retrospect: looking backward or reviewing the past
One's school life seems happier in retrospect than it really was.
In retrospect, the past 100 years of human existence have been extremely exciting, and extremely frightening as well.
17. outweigh: 1. be heavier than 2.weigh more heavily
On balance, his accomplishments outweigh his faults.
The advantages of the plan outweigh its drawbacks.
But the bottom line is that no quantity of cabbages and citrus fruit can outweigh the benefits of not smoking.
legacy: (law) a gift of personal property by will
The right to inheritance or legacy of a competent person shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent.
A generation without a cause in its youth has no legacy in its old age. --Eeward Kennedy.
American politician
18. compensate: v. serve as or provide a substitute or counterbalance.
She used her good looks to compensate for her lack of intelligence.
Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability.
Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health.
cancel out: to wipe out the effect of something; do away with, eliminate
The new tax effectively cancels out my raise.
The ‘A’ will cancel out the ‘C’ on your record.
合肥工业大学 ——英语语言文学
写经验贴——是对前赴后继的学弟学妹们的指引；也是对自己当初承诺和雄心的兑现。我以时间顺序写这个帖子，便于读者在某个阶段感到迷茫的话翻回来看更容易定位。当然了前提是，厚颜无耻的假设自己的帖子能帮到大家。 （一）确立目标 这部分先从自我介绍开始。我，普通一本，二战，本科英语专业。说自己二战有些惭愧，因为第一年根本没用功，后来找工作去了。本科英语的水平中规中矩，专八80，平时期末考试这些在学院排名是中游偏后的。我揭自己的短是为了帮助你鼓起勇气考你想考的学校，当初我就是看了一位学姐的帖子下定决心考研的，因为考研太需要毅力，所以"我要考研"这句话一定真心的从自己嘴里说出来，这也许是你征途中最坚定的动力。确定目标这个阶段是一次性的，决定了就是决定了，摇摇摆摆只会带来跌跌撞撞。 （二）初试四科（政治，二外法语，基英，综英） 政治： 政治幸运的考了77分。我觉得捷径没有，但是要领还真有点。政治是全国统一的必考科目，所以辅导书的数量最多、质量也最高。肖也好蒋也好，基础知识部分的讲解或者练习题，个人觉得买李凡政治新时器的就足够了；强化的部分、包括后来的形式政策还有押题卷，可以买全一点，尤其是最后的肖4蒋5。 这么说的理由有二：一，我高中学文，回忆当初的文综背下来就是王道，而考研政治理解透了才是王道。由于北外按专业总分排名的特殊方式，政治本身就是边缘科目，分配给政治的时间有限，就需要提高复习效率。通过把知识点理解到位去背政治是我的路子。可能有的朋友觉得很开心我说理解就行，可我没说不用背。背是逃不掉的，只不过光背对于考研政治不够用。二，基础知识部分是死的，强化部分和形策部分是活的，所以对基础知识的掌握过程可以“听信一家之言”，但是拔高的过程却是“博采众长”更好。 关于背什么？横向来说，有一部分知识点理解下来以后就不需要逐字逐句的记忆了，这会大大提高效率。而生涩难懂的知识点，就只有死背下来，这样从功利的角度讲效率也高。纵向来说，选择题是知识点再认，大题是知识点再现。所以大题的高频考点是必背的，不然达不到再现的要求，而且背下来的东西，哪怕不理解，也可以应付选择题的要求。综上，选择题爱考的部分，通过理解而记忆；
XX年合肥工业大学机械考研初试及复试总结工大初试专业课考试一向很让人纠结，但我要说，其实不然！特别是现在不考简答题了，难度减小了不少，把握好历年真题命题方式其实很简单，120不难拿下。现在我简单介绍下 自由度，平面机构运动分析解析法（图解法基本不用看），凸轮，齿轮，轮系，每年必考，考得不难，这些都是必须拿下得分。第三章，第八章着来年过年都考了一题，其他几章间歇考，不过都要看，像第九章特别繁的计算就不用看了，不会考的，一般考运动副力的方向标注。第八章机构的组合方式框图是重点。课后习题和真题很重要！！！其他可以在搞一本考研辅导书做做。大家细心研究，真题要总结规律和题型，课后习题不用每道都会做，那些特别难的也不会考。好了，说多了都是废话，大家好好复习。我和几个学长学姐会经常去看看，能帮忙的我们一定尽力。作为过来人我也深深体会考研不容易。 合工大机械考研不是很难，综合性价比还是很高的，也是老牌名校。在合肥找工作绝对是没问题的，就是地理位置比一线城市差些，但分数线今年要比南京，上海那边低很多。合肥近几年发展也很快，欢迎大家报考。 我是跨专业考的，本科工业设计，学校只是二本，跨专业考机械。貌似其他和工大同等水平的院校都比较有偏见，但工大要好很多，
只要你分数够，工大就敢收你，不过跨度太大的话我也不敢保证。现在已经顺利录取了，而且拿了一等奖学金。 祝大家考研顺利！坚持到底！ 今天去工大照了所有录取的名单，在手机里不太好弄。有空再陆续上传。 先说听力，八点开始，听往届的学长说，声音比较杂，但今年亲身体验没有，很清楚，难度不高于四级听力，题型和四级前25道一样，总共也就25题。 然后隔半小时专业课笔试，两个半小时，做快点时间够了，三门课，这个都知道，题量有点大，但是难题少，像加工工序安排比较难。另外提醒一点，专业课答题纸是白纸，自己安排答题结构，选择题有的选项是a b c，有的是123，有的是ABCD，不统一。 题型每年都有变化，我说说今年的情况： 1．选择，差不多10道，不难。 2．简答，有三个。
1“弗兰肯食品”能养活世界吗? 1、如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 2、事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 3、但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? 4、关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了60 亿。联合国预测，到2D0年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物工程应用技术采购管理局(ISAAA)称，自1960年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降，并将在今后50年减少一半。 5、联合国估计，世界上有近8 亿人口营养不良。它产生的效应是破坏性的。大约有4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁，也就是说，她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷。数量多达1亿的儿童缺乏维生素A，这是导致失明的主要原因。还有数千万的人患有因食物匮乏而导致的其他严重疾病和营养不良症。 6、生物技术对此能做些什么呢?生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β—胡萝卜素(身体可将之转化为维生素A)和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。 7、虫害带来的损失令人难以置信。例如，欧洲玉米螟每年毁掉4000 万吨玉米，占世界玉米总产量的7％。把抗虫害的基因植入种子可以帮助避免这一损失。在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中，棉花的产量已大幅度提高。有人担心，抗虫害的转基因作物不仅将害虫杀死，而且有可能连益虫也一起杀死，但到目前为止，这种担心似乎没有根据。 8、病毒常常在发展中国家造成主要粮食作物的大面积歉收。两年前，花叶病毒使非洲损失了超过一半的木薯，而这种作物是当地人的主要食物。转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。含铝过高的土壤会损伤作物的根系并使许多主要作物歉收，对于这种问题生物技术也能帮助解决。目前，研究人员已经识别出一种有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因。 9、许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％，并且帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失。 10、尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题。在发展中国家，作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因。贫穷才是罪魁祸首。今天，全世界有超过10 亿人口每天靠不到1美元维持生计。如果农民没钱种植转基因作物或当地人买不起农民种出的粮食，培育转基因作物就无法减少饥饿。 11、此外，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题。从整体上看，世界生产的粮食足够养活所有人，但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方。尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。 12、生物技术也面临自身的“分配”问题。许多转基因作物方面的尖端研究都是富国的私
合肥工业大学研究生住宿管理规定 为了加强研究生公寓管理，规范研究生入住、宿舍调整、退宿等事宜，有效利用学校的学生宿舍资源，根据研究生住宿特点，特制定本规定。 一、住宿申请及管理 、凡被录取我校的硕士生、博士生，需要学校提供宿舍住宿者，在复试时填写《研究生入住申请表》，填写《研究生入住申请表》的学生一年内不得办理退宿。没有填写《研究生入住申请表》的学生一律视为不需要学校安排住宿，入学后学校不再为其安排住宿。 、需住宿的研究生由学校统一安排，按指定宿舍楼、房间、床位就寝，不得私自调换和转让、出租。 、住宿标准：人间（元学年）、人间（元学年）、人间（元学年）。住宿费按学年收取。博士生一般为人间，硕士生一般为人间。 二、退宿申请及管理 、研究生申请住宿，学校为其安排了住宿，但如果在规定的入学报到时间一周内（无正当理由）不到学生公寓管理中心办理入住手续的，视为自动退宿，学校不再为其保留床位。 、已入住研究生公寓的研究生，因各种原因不需要继续住宿者，在每年放暑假前二周内到学生公寓管理办公室填写《研究生退宿申请表》，经导师、所在学院及学校学生公寓管理中心同意后，到相关部门办理退宿手续，学校不再收取其住宿费。 、已办理退宿手续者必须在当天内离开宿舍，并将所有私人物品带走，将房间钥匙交回公寓管理员。 、研究生因毕业离校，应在规定时间内办理退宿手续，携带所有私人物品离开宿舍，否则因宿舍维修、调整、打扫卫生等原因导致滞留物品遗失的，研究生公寓概不负责，一切损失由研究生本人承担。 、毕业研究生若未按规定的离校时间办理退宿手续，且未到公寓管理员登记而擅自离校者，视为自动退宿，所有滞留宿舍内的私人物品一律按无主物品处理，由此造成的一切损失由研究生本人承担。 、研究生因各种原因不在学校住宿且未及时办理退宿手续者，概不退还住宿费。 三、调整宿舍 、学校因各种原因统一调整宿舍时，所有研究生应积极配合,根据学校安排和规定时间及时调整到位。 、研究生住宿在规定的学制年限内一般不作调整，若因特殊原因不调整宿舍无法继续完成学业者，可由本人提出申请，并填写《研究生宿舍调整申请表》，经导师同意，报所在学院批准，由学生公寓管理办公室根据情况进行调整。 、研究生擅自调整宿舍，发现后取消住宿资格，不退住宿费，并给予相应纪律处分。 四、毕业生办理离校手续后的住宿及管理 办理离校手续后的研究生，由于工作尚未落实确需继续住宿者，可到所在公寓管理员处办理延住手续，可继续在公寓里住宿，但最迟不能超过月日。 五、延长住宿及管理 、申请延长学习年限的住宿研究生，若需要继续住校学习者，凭延长学习年限证明，填写《延长学习年限研究生住宿申请表》，到学生公寓管理办公室申请住宿。 、延长住宿的研究生应于正常毕业时间前个月将《延长学习年限研究生住宿申请表》交学生公寓管理办公室。不提出申请者，视为不需住宿，学校不再为其安排住宿。 、获批准继续住校的研究生必须服从学校统一安排，未经学校同意不得继续留宿原宿舍。住宿期间若遇学校调整宿舍，需要其变更宿舍时应给予积极配合。
河北工业大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试 自命题科目考试大纲 科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 适用专业：英语笔译（专业学位） 一、考试要求 翻译硕士英语适用于河北工业大学外国语学院英语笔译（专业学位）专业研究生招生专业课考试。主要考察考生是否具备进行翻译专业学习所要求的英语水平，考试范围包括考生应具备的词汇量、语法知识、阅读、写作以及其他语言综合运用方面的能力。 本考试要求考生具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000个以上，积极词汇6,000个以上，能够正确运用常用词汇、掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识，识别并改正翻译和写作中出现的基本词汇、语法、语用等方面的错误。具有较强的阅读理解能力和写作能力。 二、考试形式 试卷采用客观题型和主观题型相结合的形式，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。主要包括选择题、综合阅读题以及写作题等（具体题型参见考试内容一览表）。测试采取闭卷笔试形式，考试时间为3个小时，总分为100分。 三、考试内容 本考试包括以下部分：（一）词汇语法（语言基础），（二）阅读理解（理解选择与回答问题），（三）语言综合运用（语句翻译和译文审校），（四）英语写作等。 （一）词汇语法（考试时间约40分钟，总分20分，占20%） 1、测试形式和内容
本考题测试形式为单项选择题。测试内容包括词汇与短语的语义识别、词汇搭配、近义词辨析等，词汇范围为英语专业四、八级常用核心词汇、托福、雅思中度难度词汇等；语法测试涵盖英语专业本科期间及非英语专业大学英语所学全部英语语法内容以及语体、修辞知识等。 2、题型 （1）词汇语义识别单项选择题。要求从四个选项中选择一个与题干中划线部分词汇语义最接近的选项。每题0.5分，共20个题目。 （2）词汇语法综合运用单项选择题。要求从四个选项中选择一个能够使题干语义完整、形式正确的选项。每题0.5分，共20个题目。 （二）阅读理解（考试时间约50分钟，总分30分，占30%） 1、测试形式和内容 本题测试形式为客观选择题和简答题两种。内容包括常见外刊上的专题报道、历史传记、小说、散文等各种文体的文章，要求既能够理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实和细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度、方法，灵活地完成所有题目。 2、题型 （1）单项选择题。要求阅读完2篇约400至700单词的短文后对信息事实和观点进行评判。共10个选择题，每题2分。 （2）简答题。要求阅读完1篇400至700单词的短文后简要回答问题，重点考察阅读综述能力。共2个问题，每题5分。 （三）语言综合运用（考试时间约40分钟，总分20分，占20%） 1、测试形式和内容 本题考察学生从事与翻译有关的语言基础综合运用能力，具体包括“语篇结构理解”（为短文添加标点）和“修改译文”。 2、题型
Unit 2 1.尽管已历经无数失败，凯瑟琳仍然相信她能把儿子培养成为世界冠军。 Although she has gone through numerous failures, Katherine still believes that she could make a world champion of her son 2. 这个培训项目其实不算糟糕，但如果它的课程再实用一点就更好了。 This training program is not really a bad experience. But I would have liked it better if the courses had been a bit more practical. 3.你应该没这么笨，竟然会打开一个可疑的附件。 You should have known better than to open a suspicious attachment. 4.他不幸在一次意外的交通事故中丧生，留下尚未做完的实验。 Unfortunately he died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done. 5.那个街角的食品市场能改建成花园，岂不是更好吗？ Wouldn’t it be better if the food market on the street corner could be turned into a garden? 6.尽管我竭力想讨好每一个人，但说话却好像总是不合时宜。 Much as I am eager to please everyone, I seem never be able to speak out the right thing at the right time. 7.这个小玩意儿是送给老年人的好礼物，它能精确地跟踪血压。 This little gadget makes a good present for the elderly，for it can keep accurate track of one’s blood pressure. 8.简总是在为下一项成就而努力，从来没有时间坐下来欣赏自己已经取得的成绩。 Jane is always working so hard to achieve the next thing and she never has time to sit back and pat herself on the back about the things that she has already done. 9.汤姆审时度势，决定缩小企业规模，后来证明这是明智之举。 Tom sized up the situation, and decided to downsize his business, which turned out to be a wise decision. 10.我们学校仅仅维持现状是不够的，它应该加速发展，力争成为中国最好的大学之一。 It is not enough for our university to resign itself to the status quo; it should speed up its development, and make itself one of the best universities in China. Unit 3 1.当一个人处于“经历中的沙漠”——一段感到毫无出路、甚至毫无希望的时期，最重要的是不要让自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔。 When someone is in “desert of experience”— a period of feeling barren of options, even hope, the most important thing is not to allow himself to be stranded in the desert. 2. 经济来源耗尽，还有一大家人需要供养，吉米起初想逃避，但最终靠着顽强的勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。 With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a big family to support, Jimmy wanted to escape at first but finally his courage and good humor saw him through. 3.有人认为在人生的任何阶段开始一种新的生涯都为时不晚。 Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life 4.在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。 What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a significant loss. 5.玛丽靠她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，几乎无法维持生活。 With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make ends meet. 6.人们逐渐明白了失败并不是可怕的东西，而是人生的宝贵经历。
合肥工业大学硕士研究生复试综合面试和 外语口语测试实施办法 为了完善硕士研究生选拔机制，增强复试的有效性，满足不同专业对生源的具体要求，加大选拔优质生源的力度，特制定本办法，对考生综合面试、外语口语测试的复试形式和内容做整体要求，请各学院参照执行： 一、主要目的 综合面试主要考察考生的专业素质和综合素质。其中专业素质考核以考察考生对本学科（专业）理论知识和应用技能掌握程度，利用所学理论发现、分析和解决问题的能力为主，特别是考察考生对本专业基本知识和基本概念的掌握和理解、以及对本学科发展动态的了解和在本专业领域发展的潜力。综合素质考核是考察考生思想政治素质和道德品质、本专业以外的学习、科研和社会实践或实际工作等方面的经历、个性心理特征、诚信状况、意志品质等。 外语口试测试主要考察考生运用外语知识与技能进行口头交际的能力，从发音的正确性、使用语言的准确性、流利程度以及得体性几个方面全面测试考生的口头表达能力。 二、实施办法 （一）综合面试 综合面试总分值为100分，主要包括以下三个环节（报考外语专业考生综合面试过程需用英语作答）： 1、考生对在大学学习阶段参加的学习研究、实践经历、获奖状况等进行简短介绍。约2分钟。 2、考生对自己抽到的面试题目进行回答。约3分钟。 3、复试教师围绕考生所抽到的题目针对考生回答情况进行简短的提问。约4分钟。 说明：对综合面试成绩低于60分的视作面试不合格，不予录取。 （二）外语口语测试（报考外语专业考生口语测试考第二外国语）外语口语测试总分值为40分，外语口语测试主要包括以下三个环节： 1、考生用外语对个人情况进行简短的自我介绍。约2分钟。 2、考生用外语朗读一篇各专业自备的短文，并翻译成中文。约3分钟。 3、考生就抽签所得的一个题目用外语作个人发言。约2分钟。 招生办公室 2012年4月
1．I have never cultivated a mustache though I’m sure one would enhance my distinguished looks and cause women to giggle as I passed along the boulevard. 尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子。 2．I might be thrown into such a panic that I’d blurt out ... 我可能会惊慌得脱口而出... 3．It is one of the paradoxes of social intercourse that a compliment is harder to respond to than an insult. Here is an area of small talk that most of us act awkwardly. 在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。 5．Someone utters a pleasing, praiseful remark in our direction and we grow inarticulate and our kneecaps begin to vibrate. 有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。 6．I can’t accept with grace a compliment bestowed upon me for a thing that isn’t real ly mine. 如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受. 7．The nearest I ever came to downright acceptance of this particular compliment was the time I said, “Well, we like it.” 我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。” 8．... carried away by the vastness of his complimentary remark ... 被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的 9．I think we make a mistake when we react to a compliment with denial and derogation. 我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。 10．The situation here is much the same as the one regarding my view. 这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。 11．I know a man who has put his mind to this problem and come up with a technique for brushing off praise. 我认识一个潜心研究这种问题的人，他想出了一个办法来避开别人的表扬。 12．He employs a sort of unreasonable realism. 他采取了一种不近情理的现实态度。 13．I don’t think this fellow is on the right track. 我想这个家伙回答的方式有问题。 14．This sort of thing, the witty reply, ought to be placed under government regulation. 这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的规定之中。 15．That one, I thought, was more than passable. 我想，这个回答相当不错。 16．But for every genuinely clever retort there are a thousand that fall flat. 但是，在千百次的应对中才会有一句真正巧妙的应答。 17．It takes a Dorothy Parker or a George S. Kaufman to handle the quip comeback with skill. 只有像多萝西·帕克或乔治·考夫曼这样的人才能应对自如。 18．… swell out their chests…挺着胸脯 19．I worked like a dog to get it written. 我当时写得好苦啊。 20．... the unwritten code of authorhood ... 著书人的一条不成文的规定. 21．... with immeasurably lovely egg on your face ... 一脸尴尬 22．There is no point in trying to play the game back at them —they’ll top you in the end, no matter what. 要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风。 23．... at the bottom of all graceful social intercourse lies poise ... 在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定24．Given the same circumstances I would have quietly asked for a coil of rope. 要是我遇到这种情况，我会感到极为窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根绳子去上吊。 . 25．If we could all comport ourselves with that kind of dignity, and quit jittering, our social life would be much more enjoyable. 要是我们的行为举止都能保持这种风度，摆脱局促不安，那我们的社交生活就会有趣得多。 26．... the chances he’s just making conversation ...他可能只是想和你说说话。 Unit 2 1. I date a woman for a while—literary type, well-read, lots of books in her place—whom I admired a bit too extravagantly
Unit 11 Philosophy of Life 课后习题： 1.幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。 译:Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money, but in the joy of achievements and the thrill of creative efforts. 2.从1994年开始，大学学费已经从1000涨到了3500，以至于许多学生，尤其是那些来自贫困区的学生选 择从事兼职工作来筹集他们昂贵的支出。 译:Starting from September 1994, the college tuition and fees has soared from 1000 to 3500 so that many students, especially those from poverty-stricken areas, choose to do part-time jobs to cope with their expensive expenditure. 3.总统所作的决定，经常是他的判断，他对僚属的信任以及对他们的情绪的关怀的混合体。 译:A presidential decision is always an amalgam of judgement, confidence in his associates, and concern about their morale. 4.风格优雅华丽，曲调流畅委婉，反映出江南人勤劳朴实、细致含蓄的性格特色。 译:The style is refined smooth and indirect, expressing the hard-working meticulous and Spartan character of the people who live south of the Yangtze. 5.保险业最近受到几项不利的经济因素所困而前景黯淡。 译:The insurance industry is cursed with a set of dismal economic characteristics that make for a poor long-term outlook. 6.良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。 译:Although good medicine cures sickness, it is often unpalatable; likewise, sincere advice given for one’s well-being, is often resented. 7.由于不断加重的失业焦虑、有史以来最多地取消房屋抵押赎回权、不断攀升的能源价格，美国人对经济 的信心跌倒了新低。 译:Americans’ confidence in the economy fell to a new low, dragged down by worries about mounting job losses, record-high home foreclosures and zooming energy prices. 8.有趣的是，我发现媒体的规模与声誉和报导的真实性一点相关都没有。 译:Interestingly, there has been no correlation between the size and prestige of the publication and the accuracy of the report. 9.Near-term inflation expectations measured by the survey jumped to the highest since the turmoil following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in late 1990, which caused oil prices to soar sharply. 译:调查表明近期通胀预期已达最高，这是自1990年底伊拉克入侵科威特导致石油价格猛涨至今最高水平。 10.The slowdown coul d dovetail with Beijing’s own aims to moderate the contentious trade surplus and, at the same time, recalibrate growth away from heavy industry in favour of consumption and services. 译:经济减速能与北京缓和有争议的贸易顺差这一目标相吻合，与此同时，将重工业的增长调整为消费和服务业的增长。 11.But China also n eed to scrutinize all her action exposed to others because it’s the year 2008 and all people are watching this country’s all moves waiting for a chance to sting. 译:但是，中国也要仔细审查她的行动，因为这是2008年，所有的人都在观看这个国家的一切举动，想找机会挑刺。 12.Both developing countries and developed countries have realized the importance of technologies in building more energy-efficient and low-emission industries, however on transferring such technologies, developed nations underline the role of markets, while developing nations urge the combination of roles of markets and government.
汉翻英第一单元 1、要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。 An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others. 2、恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：人们渴望得到赏识。 The root cause of the power of flattery gets at(达到) a basic principle of human behavior：People crave being appreciated. Power of flattery lies in the fact that it fulfils a basic principle of human behavior: 3、尽管文化背景各不相同，但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。 The vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures. 4、在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。但不管怎样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。 In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present/universal. 5、很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. 6、工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力，但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。 The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work —such as scientists, artists, and photographers —crave flattery and recognition. 7、否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions. 8、恭维之所以奏效，还因为它与人们对认可的正常需要有关。 Another reason flattery is so effective relates to the normal need to be recognized. 9、尽管有一些关于恭维的书和文章问世，并对恭维极力进行宣扬，但是大多数人还是没有得到应有的赏识。 Although some articles and books have been written and preached zealously about flattery, most people receive less recognition than they deserve. 10、很多人无论在工作上或在家里都很少收到赞美，所以对认可的渴求就更加强烈了。 Many people hardly ever receive compliments either on the job or at home, thus intensifying their demand for flattery. 汉翻英第二单元 1、鲜花是最常送的礼物之一。 Flowers are among the most frequently given gifts. 2、有一种传统的用鲜花表达的语言。精心挑选的一束花卉可以传达多种不同的情感和祝福。 There’s a traditional floral language, and a carefully selected bouquet or plant can convey a wide range of emotions （love, affection, pity）and sentiments 、 3、红玫瑰象征着爱情也象征着新事业充满希望的开端； Red roses symbolize love as well as the hopeful beginning of a new enterprise; 4、紫罗兰是祈求受花人不要忘却送花人。 violets beseech the recipient not to forget the donor; 5、兰花以及其他精美的花卉则表示（你希望）受花人认为你情调高雅（decent, graceful, elegant）、受人尊重(esteemed, respectable)、出类拔萃(outstanding, distinguished, celebrated)。 orchids and other exquisite blooms indicate that the recipient regards you as exotic（珍奇的）, precious（讲究的）and rare（珍贵的）. 6、送一束鲜花能唤起温馨的回忆，比那些仅仅显示炫耀和奢华的礼物更为珍贵。 A floral gift that evokes warm recollections will be prized more than one that is
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players." 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. They want to hire a "key player" from another company. Every company also hires from the ranks of newbies, and what they're looking for is exactly the same. "We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them." It's just a bit riskier. 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 3 "It's an educated guess," says my hiring manager client. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. You need to help them identify you as a prospective "key player". 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 4 Trait 1: The selfless collaborator John Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. "It's teamwork," says Fetzer" The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. You just can't succeed in an industry environment without this mindset"