2015东城中考二模

2015年北京市东城区中考英语二模试卷一、听力理解（共30分）1．（1分）2．（1分）3．（1分）4．（1分）5．（1分）6．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第6至第7小题．6．What does the man order？A．A banana cake．B．A sandwich．C．An apple pie．7．What's the man's table number？A．Table 3．B．Table 5．C．Table 8．7．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第8至第9小题．8．What does Tom think of the new member of the basketball team？A．Careless．B．Unfriendly．C．Strange．9．Who will Tom possibly ask for help？A．His mother．B．His teacher．C．His coach．8．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题．10．Who are coming to visit the family？A．Evan's cousins．B．Evan's friends．C．Evan's grandparents．11．What's Evan's mom going to do？A．To wash the dishes．B．To clean the bathroom．C．To take out the rubbish．9．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第12至第13小题．12．What does Diana do？A．She is a tour guide．B．She is a bus driver．C．She is a hotel manager．13．What can we learn from the conversation？A．Diana does the work alone．B．Diana enjoys the work a lot．C．Diana finds the work too hard．10．（2分）请听一段独白，完成第14至第15小题．14．What can we learn from the speech？A．Tom is going to study in England．B．The speaker is meeting Tom next week．C．Billingshurst is an old and beautiful town．15．What's the speaker doing？A．Giving directions to his house．B．Making an introduction to a town．C．Offering advice on a visit to England．11．（5分）四、知识运用（共25分）单项填空．（共10分，每小题1分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．12．（1分）﹣Do you know the foreign student in Class 2？﹣Yes．She's from America．name is Alice．（）A．Her B．His C．My D．Its13．（1分）﹣Dad，would you like to play chess with me？﹣Well，my dear，I'd love to，I have to write a report．（）A．for B．and C．but D．or14．（1分）The doctor told Mary that she ________ give up fatty foods because it was bad for her health．（）A．could B．should C．might D．would15．（1分）﹣What a lovely dog!_____is it？﹣It's 11years old．（）A．How much B．How heavy C．How long D．How old16．（1分）While I ________ dinner last night，Angela called me and asked about homework．（）A．have B．will have C．was having D．am having17．（1分）﹣Jim，do you want to come over for lunch tomorrow？﹣I'm sorry I can't．I a movie with some friends．（）A．am going to see B．seeC．saw D．have seen18．（1分）We can start the meeting now，as all the people ________．（）A．arrive B．have arrived C．arrived D．will arrive19．（1分）Lily is a tidy girl．Her room ________ clean all the time（）A．kept B．was kept C．is kept D．keeps20．（1分）My dad usually stops ________ a newspaper on his way home after work．（）A．to buy B．buying C．bought D．buy21．（1分）﹣Tell me ________ my glasses，Sam．﹣They were just on the table，grandma．（）A．where will you find B．where you will findC．where did you find D．where you found五.完形填空22．（15分）Last summer vacation，my brother got a set of bedroom furniture （家具）for his thirteenth birthday．When it arrived，I helped my parents moved the （31）furniture to the garage（车库）．It was still in good condition．I thought it might be a chance for us to （32）_ someone in our community．I started to search neighbors，anyone who （33）_ a bedroom set．Finally，my mom helped me call the local elementary school．They told me about Jaila，a second﹣grader，the daughter of a poor single mother．I was given an address and a telephone number，and I soon found my at Jaila's．The moment I went into Jaila's room，I knew I had taken on too big a （34）．When I pushed the old door open，it made a long high noise．But the door was nothing compared with the rest of the room．Some old paint was （35）the wall．One of the windows was broken．The bed was just a mattress （床垫）lying on the old carpet （地毯）．It seemed that the room needed more than furniture﹣it （36）﹣for a complete makeover．That day I spent at least an hour looking around and wondering how I could possibly （37）the room．I had never painted a wall，let alone recarpeted a floor．The second day，I returned with a large group of （38）﹣my Girl Scout troop．We went to collect everything needed door to door in our community．We replaced，repainted，and redecorated Jaila's room．We sweated in Jaila's house for more than ten hours every day that week．The moment we finished，we called Juila into the room．She jumped，laughed and hugged each of us．I turned to Jailu's mother，and saw she had tears running down her face．"Anna，"Jaila called my name（39）．"Yes？""Welcome to my new room！When we saw how happy Jaila and her mother were，our （40）disappeared into thin air．We are really proud to make a simple donation a worthwhile experience of changing someone's life．31．A．only B．old C．new D．other32．A．thank B．praise C．help D．encourage 33．A．made B．ordered C．repaired D．needed34．A．task B．mistake C．family D．game35．A．with B．off C．in D．across 36．A．stood B．cried C．paid D．cared37．A．fix B．clean C．empty D．build 38．A．watches B．players C．guides D．helpers 39．A．bravely B．nervously C．excitedly D．hopefully 40．A．happiness B．eagerness C．sadness D．tiredness．六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共30分，每小题6分）23．（6分）41．How much will you be paid every week if you look after Mary's children？A．£40．B．£50．C．£60．D．£70．42．If you want to work in the City Museum shop，you must．A．have your own bikeB．speak another languageC．be interested in museumsD．be at work before 8：00a．m．43．If you want to work before going to school in the morning，you canA．call Mary on 678345211B．call Bella on 612398745C．send your CV to citymuseum@shopjob．IkjD．send your CV to postoffice@clanbrook．com．24．（8分）Alex and Emily Godfrey had been in Japan with their parents for nearly a week．They were there to visit their mother's old college roommate，who had moved to Japan to teach English．Then she fell in love with the country and married a Japanese．"What's our plan for the afternoon？"asked Alex after lunch one day．"Well，"said Mr．Ito，"we have tickets for a 4：00baseball game．""I had no idea baseball was popular in Japan，"replied Alex．A few hours later，the Itos and the Godfreys were seated inside the stadium among a crowd of excited fans．"Are those cheerleaders？"asked Emily．She was pointing to a group of men on the ball field who led the crowd in chants and cheers．Mrs．Ito nodded，"I forget that Americans don't have cheerleaders for baseball games．That's the difference between American and Japanese baseball culture．""Baseball isn't my cup of tea，but today's game promises to be a good one．The twoteams are the best in Japan，"Mr．Ito added．Once the game began，Emily and Alex found the game itself didn't seem much different at all from the American baseball games．They were surprised，though，to see people waving American flags from time to time．Mr．Ito explained，"Japanese teams are each allowed to have three foreign players．When American players come up to bat，their fans show support by waving your country's flag．"At the end of the game，Alex and Emily were tired，but their minds were racing with all they had seen in the game．"Did you have a good day，kids？"asked Mrs．Godfrey，turning to Alex and Emily．They nodded．"After today，I have a feeling that American baseball may never be quite as interesting again．"said Emily．44．Why did Alex and Emily go to Japan？A．To teach English．B．To watch a baseball game．C．To live in the country．D．To visit their mother's friend．45．What did Alex and Emily find about baseball in Japan？A．Baseball was unpopular in the country．B．Japanese teams had no foreign players．C．Japanese had cheerleaders for baseball games．D．Japanese had different rules of baseball games．46．How did Alex and Emily feel when they saw American flags？A．Surprised．B．Proud．C．Excited．D．Nervous．47．What can we learn from the passage？A．Mr．Ito was a baseball fan．B．Alex and Emily enjoyed the game．C．Alex and Emily knew nothing about baseball．D．Emily thought American baseball more interesting．25．（8分）48、Technology has become a necessary and important part of our lives．Ithas changed our lives greatly．In many ways，it makes life more convenient for us：we can send messages quickly through the Internet，cook meals in a few minutes in a microwave，and book train tickets online instead of walking to the station．However，in our increasingly technology﹣driven world，have we become addicted to technology？Not too long ago，many children enjoyed reading a good book in their spare time．Nowadays，teenagers are more likely to be seen playing video games or watching television．Some people even say they can't go without watching their favourite TV programme．Similarly，sending letters has become a thing of the past．It has been replaced by email，immediate messaging and other social media （媒体）．I think this is a huge shame；for me，there's nothing better than receiving a letter in the post．It shows someone has taken the time to sit down and write something；this is much more private than a conversation online．And for some people，especially the old，new ways of communication aren't so easy to use．I often send letters and postcards to my grandma to tell her about my life in France．The presence of social media has，in some ways，turned us into anti﹣social beings．Instead of meeting up with friends and seeing them face to face，we now spend a lot of lime communicating online．Although online communication has its advantages﹣especially，enabling us to keep in touch with loved ones in different countries，we shouldn't forget the value of real﹣life human interaction．It is，after all，in our nature to socialize with others！Admittedly （诚然），I spend a lot of time using technology．I depend on the Internet and my laptop to plan lessons for my classes．I use wifi on my phone to send messages via apps such as Viber and Snapchal．Even so，when I'm on holiday it is nice to turn it all off and have a break．Taking a break from technology is setting yourself free．48．The phrase"addicted to"in Paragraph 1probably means""．A．skillful at B．interested inC．dependent on D．disappointed at49．What does the writer think of sending letters？A．It wastes a lot of time and energy．B．It's something out﹣of﹣date and shameful．C．It's a better way to communicate with relatives．D．It's a more personal and caring way of communication．50．From Paragraph 4we know that the writer thinks．A．social media makes people separated and lonelyB．it's important for people to communicate face to faceC．people have better skills in communication because of social mediaD．online communication has more advantages than real﹣life communication 51．What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage？A．To direct people to spend free time properly．B．To remind people to make reasonable use of technology．C．To encourage people to take full advantage of social media．D．To advise people to communicate with each other more often．26．（8分）Parents do anything they can to give their kids the best education．According to a report published by the Sutton Trust，a third of"professional parents"with children aged between 5and 16have moved to an area，because they think it has good schools^Some go further：6% of the 1，000parents surveyed said they started to attend church （教堂）services to help their children get a place at a church school；3% said they used a relative's address to get children into a better school；and 2% said they had bought a second home and used that address for a better school．It seems strange that parents，while paying close attention to school，seem often to forget a much cheaper way of improving their children's educational situation﹣a stable （稳定的）family．There are plenty of researches to back all this up：a recent study by the Childhood Wellbeing Research Centre found that children aged sevenand older usually （lid more poorly in exams and behaved badly at school if their parents broke up．Another report by the Economic and Social Research Council，found that a stable family life meant children were more likely to take in what was offered in the classroom．According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists，teenagers whose parents were fighting or separating might find it difficult to concentrate （集中注意力）at school．Of course，many marriages are progressing well even if there're unpleasant matters in life．I've been married for more than a quarter of century，and the one thing I'm sure of is that it's not a bed of roses．I've also got four children aged between 11and 21；and while I'm truly thankful to the many teachers who have taught them，and the schools they've been pupils at，I've felt fairly certain as the years go by that a stable home is much more important than where their school sits in the local league table （排行榜）．So paying a few hundred pounds for a family relationship course could be a much better use of the family's money than spending thousands on moving houses．I can't help wondering whether the only sure winners from the fight to live by the best school gates are house sellers rather than the very children the move is designed to help．52．According to the Sutton Trust，what's the most common way for parents to send their children to a good school？A．Asking their relatives for help．B．Going to church every Sunday．C．Moving to a house in a certain area．D．Buying a second house near the school．53．What can we learn from the researches in Paragraph 3？A．Children above seven usually behaved badly at school．B．Going to good schools improved the children's behavior．C．Parents'relationship had an influence on their children's study．D．Parents usually fought for their children's poor performance at school．54．The writer agrees that．A．a longer marriage means a stronger family relationshipB．the local league table of schools is important for parentsC．parents should have better communication with teachers and schoolsD．it's worthwhile to spend some money improving a family relationship 55．What's the best title of the passage？A．More Money Can Help"Buy"Better EducationB．Parents Should Provide the Best Start for Their ChildrenC．Moving Houses Gives Great Benefits to Children's EducationD．Parents Staying Together Happily Is the Best Way to Help Children．七、阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．每个选项只能用一次．（共10分，每小题10分}27．（10分）Food is life；it gives us the nourishment （营养）we need to stay alive and be healthy．（56）．Brian Wansink，a professor at the University of Illinois，says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good，and remind us of happy memories．（57）．For some people，ice cream is a comfort food．For others，a bow!of noodle soup makes them feel good．How does a food become comfort food？Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times，feelings，and people in our lives．"When I was a child，my mother made a delicious soup；I loved it．（58），and it helps me feel better，"says one of Wansink's coworkers．Do men and women choose different comfort foods？Wansink's research at the University of Illinois says"yes"．In his study，the favorite comfort food for both men and women was ice cream．After this，men usually preferred hot，savory foods like soup or noodles．（59）．Men and women like to eat comfort foods when they are happy，but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried．（60）．About 40% of the comfort foods in Wansink's study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables．It shows，says Wunsink，that a comfort food can taste good and be good for you．A．Not all comfort food is junk foodB．Wansink calls this kind of food comfort foodC．Now，I often eat this soup when I am tired or worriedD．Usually，we eat because we are hungry or need energyE．Women liked sweet things such as chocolate and cookies．八、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）28．（10分）I've been a volunteer since April 2013．I was looking to do something that I could be proud of myself for，something that would help me as well as help other people．I decided that I'd get into touch with some local charity （慈善）shops and I now volunteer in a local Sue Ryder Charity shop．Although at the time I didn't mind where I volunteered，I am glad that it was a Sue Rydershop that called me because it is a charity very close to my heart for many reasons，one of which is that my Dad was cared for in a hospice （临终关怀医院）Volunteering in the shop has certainly provided me with an understanding of what shop work is like and I was surprised to find how much I really enjoy doing it．At the beginning，one of my difficulties was using a till （放钱的抽展），so I had till training and I quickly picked it up．Now，I can work the till on my own．Not only have I leant about how a charity shop works，I've also realized how important the public are in charity．They provide the objects they no longer use，and then the shops sell the objects and raise money to provide care for people in need．I always leave the charity shop after work with a very satisfying feeling，as I know how important the work of Sue Ryder is for people and I've done something good for someone somewhere．Another thing I enjoy about volunteering is communicating with the other volunteers in the shops as well as the managers，who are very friendly and helpful．I have certainly improved my teamwork skills by volunteering．I admire also how kind the customers are towards the volunteers，which brings the customers and the volunteers closer together．Overall，my volunteering experience is beneficial to me，from which I have learned a lot．61．Where does the writer volunteer now？62．Was the work easy for the writer at the beginning？63．Who provide objects for the shop？64．How does the writer feel about her work？65．What has the writer learned from the volunteer experience？．九、文段表达（15分）29．（15分）根据中文和英文提示，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的回信．信的开头和结尾已给出，其词数不计人所完成的回信内．所给英文提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．假如你叫李华，最近和美国朋友Drew 通过邮件谈论各自的中学生活，他最近和几个同学一起在老师的指导下在学校里开垦了一个菜园，为老师和同学种了很多蔬菜和水果．他想知道你和谁一起为学校、班级、老师或者同学做过有意义的事情，你们做了什么，以及你们做这件事情的原因和感受．请你根据他的问题回复邮件．提示词语：meaningful，decide，share，convenient1）With whom did you do the meaningful thing for your school/class/teachers/classmates？2）What did you do？Why？3）How did/do you feel about it？2015年北京市东城区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、听力理解（共30分）1．（1分）【解答】略2．（1分）【解答】略3．（1分）【解答】略4．（1分）【解答】略5．（1分）【解答】略6．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第6至第7小题．6．What does the man order？A．A banana cake．B．A sandwich．C．An apple pie．7．What's the man's table number？A．Table 3．B．Table 5．C．Table 8．【解答】略7．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第8至第9小题．8．What does Tom think of the new member of the basketball team？A．Careless．B．Unfriendly．C．Strange．9．Who will Tom possibly ask for help？A．His mother．B．His teacher．C．His coach．【解答】略8．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题．10．Who are coming to visit the family？A．Evan's cousins．B．Evan's friends．C．Evan's grandparents．11．What's Evan's mom going to do？A．To wash the dishes．B．To clean the bathroom．C．To take out the rubbish．【解答】略9．（2分）请听一段对话，完成第12至第13小题．12．What does Diana do？A．She is a tour guide．B．She is a bus driver．C．She is a hotel manager．13．What can we learn from the conversation？A．Diana does the work alone．B．Diana enjoys the work a lot．C．Diana finds the work too hard．【解答】略10．（2分）请听一段独白，完成第14至第15小题．14．What can we learn from the speech？A．Tom is going to study in England．B．The speaker is meeting Tom next week．C．Billingshurst is an old and beautiful town．15．What's the speaker doing？A．Giving directions to his house．B．Making an introduction to a town．C．Offering advice on a visit to England．【解答】略11．（5分）【解答】略四、知识运用（共25分）单项填空．（共10分，每小题1分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．12．（1分）﹣Do you know the foreign student in Class 2？﹣Yes．She's from America．name is Alice．（）A．Her B．His C．My D．Its【解答】答案：A．根据She's from America，说明是个女生，因为后面有有名词name，因此前面该用用形容词性的物主代词her，故选A．13．（1分）﹣Dad，would you like to play chess with me？﹣Well，my dear，I'd love to，I have to write a report．（）A．for B．and C．but D．or【解答】答案：C选项A：为了或表示持续了多久；选项B：和、又，表并列和递进关系；选项C：但是，表转折关系；选项D：或者，表选择关系根据题干"my dear，I'd love to"（我亲爱的，我想和你下）与"I have to write a report"（我不得不写报告）之间为转折关系，故选C．14．（1分）The doctor told Mary that she ________ give up fatty foods because it was bad for her health．（）A．could B．should C．might D．would【解答】答案：B．could能，会；should应该；might可以；would将会．根据it was bad for her health，可知对她身体不好，所以应该不要再吃了．should应该．表示一种建议．故选B．15．（1分）﹣What a lovely dog!_____is it？﹣It's 11years old．（）A．How much B．How heavy C．How long D．How old【解答】答案：D；How much多少；How heavy多重；How long多长；How old 多大；根据答语It's 11years old它11岁了，推知上句是询问年龄的；故选D．16．（1分）While I ________ dinner last night，Angela called me and asked about homework．（）A．have B．will have C．was having D．am having【解答】答案C．句中的while，意为"当…之时"．昨晚吃晚饭是描述一件事发生的背景，指当我正吃饭时，别人打来电话，用过去进行时，表示一个长动作正在发生的时候，另一个短动作发生．其构成为was/were+现在分词；主语为I，所以用was．故选C．17．（1分）﹣Jim，do you want to come over for lunch tomorrow？﹣I'm sorry I can't．I a movie with some friends．（）A．am going to see B．seeC．saw D．have seen【解答】答案A．根据问句的时间状语tomorrow可知事情未发生，要用一般将来时，B是一般现在时C是一般过去时，D是现在完成时．A be going to do sth 打算做某事，是一般将来时，故选A．18．（1分）We can start the meeting now，as all the people ________．（）A．arrive B．have arrived C．arrived D．will arrive【解答】答案：B．因为所有的人都来了，所以现在的结果是：我们可以开始开会，故用现在完成时，现在完成时构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词，故选B．19．（1分）Lily is a tidy girl．Her room ________ clean all the time（）A．kept B．was kept C．is kept D．keeps【解答】答案：C．根据她的房间始终保持清洁，故用被动语态，因为句中有all the time，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，故选C．20．（1分）My dad usually stops ________ a newspaper on his way home after work．（）A．to buy B．buying C．bought D．buy【解答】答案：A．根据My dad usually stops ________ a newspaper on his way home after work，可知这里考查了stop的用法：stop to do sth停下来做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事，在这里说的是爸爸通常在下班回家的路上停下来买报纸，所以用stop to do sth这个短语．故选A．21．（1分）﹣Tell me ________ my glasses，Sam．﹣They were just on the table，grandma．（）A．where will you find B．where you will findC．where did you find D．where you found【解答】答案：D．根据Tell me 可知，本题考查了宾语从句，在宾语从句中所使用的语序一般为陈述语序，选项AC是疑问句语序，需要排除掉；根据They were just on the table，grandma，可知这个句子使用的是一般过去时，所以如果询问在什么地方找到的，所使用的时态也应该是一般过去时，故选D．五.完形填空22．（15分）Last summer vacation，my brother got a set of bedroom furniture （家具）for his thirteenth birthday．When it arrived，I helped my parents moved the （31）B furniture to the garage（车库）．It was still in good condition．I thought it might be a chance for us to （32）C_ someone in our community．I started to search neighbors，anyone who （33）D_ a bedroom set．Finally，my mom helped me call the local elementary school．They told me about Jaila，a second﹣grader，the daughter of a poor single mother．I was given an address and a telephone number，and I soon found my at Jaila's．The moment I went into Jaila's room，I knew I had taken on too big a （34）A．When I pushed the old door open，it made a long high noise．But the door was nothing compared with the rest of the room．Some old paint was （35）B the wall．One of the windows was broken．The bed was just a mattress （床垫）lying on the old carpet （地毯）．It seemed that the room needed more than furniture﹣it （36）B﹣for a complete makeover．That day I spent at least an hour looking around and wondering how I could possibly （37）A the room．I had never painted a wall，let alone recarpeted a floor．The second day，I returned with a large group of （38）D﹣my Girl Scout troop．We went to collect everything needed door to door in our community．We replaced，repainted，and redecorated Jaila's room．We sweated in Jaila's house for more than ten hours every day that week．The moment we finished，we called Juila into the room．She jumped，laughed and hugged each of us．I turned to Jailu's mother，and saw she had tears running downher face．"Anna，"Jaila called my name（39）C．"Yes？""Welcome to my new room！When we saw how happy Jaila and her mother were，our （40）D disappeared into thin air．We are really proud to make a simple donation a worthwhile experience of changing someone's life．31．A．only B．old C．new D．other32．A．thank B．praise C．help D．encourage 33．A．made B．ordered C．repaired D．needed34．A．task B．mistake C．family D．game35．A．with B．off C．in D．across36．A．stood B．cried C．paid D．cared37．A．fix B．clean C．empty D．build 38．A．watches B．players C．guides D．helpers 39．A．bravely B．nervously C．excitedly D．hopefully 40．A．happiness B．eagerness C．sadness D．tiredness．【解答】31．B 考查形容词辨析．A表示只有；B表示老的，旧的；C表示新的；D表示其他的．由上文可知弟弟买了一套新家具，所以此处表示我帮助父母把旧的家具搬到了车库，选B．32．C 考查动词辨析．A表示感谢；B表示表扬；C表示帮助；D表示鼓励．结合语境和下文的我帮助Jaila可知，此处表示我觉得这对我们来说可能是一个帮助别人的机会，选C．33．D 考查动词辨析．A表示使，让；B表示点，订；C表示修复；D表示需要．由上文说我的家里腾出了一套旧家具和我觉得是一个帮助别人的机会可知，此处表示我开始寻找需要一套卧室家具的人，选D．34．A 考查名词辨析．A表示任务；B表示错误；C表示家人；D表示游戏．由下文的我做了很多工作来重装Jaila的房子可知，此处表示是知道我接受了个大任务，选A．35．B 考查介词辨析．A表示和…一起，有；B表示落下；C表示在…里；D表示横跨，穿过．由下文的我们重新刷墙可知，此处表示旧的漆已经从墙上掉落了，选B．36．B 考查动词与固定搭配．A表示站立；B表示哭；C表示支付；D表示关心．cry for表示急需，需要，此处由It seemed that the room needed more than furniture 和下文我们帮助Jaila的房子重要做了装饰可知，此处表示房子需要完全的装饰，选B．37．A 考查动词辨析．A表示修理；B表示打扫；C表示清空；D表示修建．由下文的我们帮助Jaila装饰房子可知，此处表示我在想我该如何整修这个房间，选A．38．D 考查名词辨析．A表示手表；B表示运动员；C表示向导；D表示帮手．由下文的my Girl Scout troop可知此处表示我找了一群帮手，选D．39．C 考查副词辨析．A表示勇敢地；B表示紧张地；C表示激动地；D表示希望地．结合语境可知此处表示Jaila激动地叫我的名字，选C．40．D 考查名词辨析．A表示幸福；B表示渴望；C表示伤心；D表示劳累．由上文可知我们装饰房子很累，此处表示当我们看见Joila和她的妈妈有多开心时，我们的劳累都消失不见了，选D．六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共30分，每小题6分）23．（6分）41．How much will you be paid every week if you look after Mary's children？A A．£40．B．£50．C．£60．D．£70．42．If you want to work in the City Museum shop，you must．BA．have your own bikeB．speak another languageC．be interested in museumsD．be at work before 8：00a．m．43．If you want to work before going to school in the morning，you can D A．call Mary on 678345211B．call Bella on 612398745C．send your CV to citymuseum@shopjob．IkjD．send your CV to postoffice@clanbrook．com．【解答】41．A细节理解题．根据第一栏的We need a babysitter to look after our boys aged 5and 7after school from 4p．m．﹣6p．m，Monday to Friday．£40/week 可知你如果每周去照看孩子可以得到40美元，故选A．42．B细节理解题．根据第三栏的Do you speak another language 可知你要在这工作需要会说外语，故选B．43．D细节理解题．根据第四栏的We need young people to deliver （送）newspapers on Monday，Wednesday and Friday mornings before school和Send your CV to postoffice@clanbrook．com可知如果你想在上学前送报纸，可以发邮件到这个邮箱，故选D．24．（8分）Alex and Emily Godfrey had been in Japan with their parents for nearly a week．They were there to visit their mother's old college roommate，who had moved to Japan to teach English．Then she fell in love with the country and married aJapanese．"What's our plan for the afternoon？"asked Alex after lunch one day．"Well，"said Mr．Ito，"we have tickets for a 4：00baseball game．""I had no idea baseball was popular in Japan，"replied Alex．A few hours later，the Itos and the Godfreys were seated inside the stadium among a crowd of excited fans．"Are those cheerleaders？"asked Emily．She was pointing to a group of men on the ball field who led the crowd in chants and cheers．Mrs．Ito nodded，"I forget that Americans don't have cheerleaders for baseball games．That's the difference between American and Japanese baseball culture．""Baseball isn't my cup of tea，but today's game promises to be a good one．The two teams are the best in Japan，"Mr．Ito added．Once the game began，Emily and Alex found the game itself didn't seem much different at all from the American baseball games．They were surprised，though，to see people waving American flags from time to time．Mr．Ito explained，"Japanese teams are each allowed to have three foreign players．When American players come up to bat，their fans show support by waving your country's flag．"At the end of the game，Alex and Emily were tired，but their minds were racing with all they had seen in the game．"Did you have a good day，kids？"asked Mrs．Godfrey，turning to Alex and Emily．They nodded．"After today，I have a feeling that American baseball may never be quite as interesting again．"said Emily．44．Why did Alex and Emily go to Japan？DA．To teach English．B．To watch a baseball game．C．To live in the country．D．To visit their mother's friend．45．What did Alex and Emily find about baseball in Japan？CA．Baseball was unpopular in the country．。

2015年北京市东城区中考⼆模数学试卷2015年北京东城中考⼆模数学⼀、选择题（共10⼩题；共50分）1. 如图，数轴上有，，，四个点，其中到原点距离相等的两个点是 ( )A. 点与点B. 点与点C. 点与点D. 点与点2. 据统计，中国每年浪费的⾷物总量折合粮⾷约为吨，将⽤科学记数法表⽰为 ( )A. B. C. D.3. 下列运算正确的是A. B.C. D.4. 甲、⼄、丙、丁四名运动员参加了射击预选赛，他们射击的平均环数及其⽅差如下表所⽰．如果选出⼀个成绩较好且状态稳定的⼈去参赛，应选运动员 ( )A. 甲B. ⼄ D. 丁5. 如图，已知的半径为，弦长为，则点到的距离是 ( )A. B. C. D.6. 已知⼀个布袋⾥装有个红球，个⽩球和个黄球，这些球除颜⾊外其余都相同．若从此布袋⾥任意摸出个球，该球是红球的概率为，则等于 ( )A. B. C. D.7. 如图，将沿⽅向向右平移得到，若的周长为，则四边形的周长为 ( )A. B. C. D.8. 如图，在已知的中，按以下步骤作图：①分别以，为圆⼼，以⼤于的长为半径作弧，两弧相交于点，；②作直线交于点，连接．若，，则的度数为 ( )A. B. C. D.9. 如果三⾓形的⼀个⾓是另⼀个⾓的倍，那么我们称这个三⾓形为“智慧三⾓形”．下列各组数据中，能作为⼀个智慧三⾓形三边长的⼀组是 ( )A. ，，B. ，，C. ，，D. ，，10. 如图，矩形中，，，动点从点出发，按的⽅向在和上移动，记，点到直线的距离为，则关于的函数图象⼤致是A. B.C. D.⼆、填空题（共6⼩题；共30分）11. 使有意义的的取值范围是．12. 如图，，，，则的度数是．13. ⼀次函数的图象经过第⼀、⼆、三象限且经过点．任写⼀个满⾜上述条件的⼀次函数的表达式是．14. ⼩刚⽤⼀张半径为的扇形纸板做⼀个如图所⽰的圆锥形⼩丑帽⼦侧⾯（接缝忽略不计），如果做成的圆锥形⼩丑帽⼦的底⾯半径为，那么这张扇形纸板的⾯积是．15. 如图，菱形的对⾓线，相交于点，，，以为直径作⼀个半圆，则图中阴影部分的⾯积为．16. 如图，已知，，，，在轴上，且，分别过点，，，，作轴的垂线交直线于点，，，，，连接，，，，，，，依次相交于点，，，，，，，，的⾯积依次为，，，，则，．三、解答题（共13⼩题；共169分）17. 计算：．18. 如图，点，，，在同⼀直线上，点和点分别在直线的两侧，且，，．求证：．19. 若实数满⾜，计算的值．20. 已知关于的⽅程有两个相等的实数根，求实数的值．21. A，B 两个⽕车站相距．⼀列快车与⼀列普通列车分别从A，B 两站同时出发相向⽽⾏，快车的速度⽐普通列车的速度快，当快车到达 B 站时，普通列车距离 A 站还有．求快车和普通列车的速度各是多少?22. ⼀次函数的图象经过，两点，与反⽐例函数的图象在第⼀象限内的交点为．（1）求⼀次函数和反⽐例函数的表达式；（2）在轴上是否存在点，使 ?若存在，求出点的坐标；若不存在，说明理由．23. 如图，矩形中，点为的中点，过点的直线分别与，交于点，，连接交于点，连接，．若，．（1）求证：四边形是菱形；（2）求证：．24. 以下是根据全国⼈⼒资源和社会保障部公布的相关数据绘制的统计图的⼀部分，请你根据图中信息解答下列问题：（1）2015 年全国普通⾼校毕业⽣⼈数年增长率约是多少?（精确到）（2）2013 年全国普通⾼校毕业⽣⼈数约是多少万⼈?（精确到万位）（3）补全折线统计图和条形统计图．25. 如图，已知是的直径，是上⼀点，的平分线交于点，交的切线于点，过点作，交的延长线于点．（1）求证：是的切线；（2）若，．（i）求值；（ii）求的度数．26. 阅读材料如图 1，若点是外的⼀点，线段交于点，则长是点与上各点之间的最短距离．证明：延长交于点，显然．如图 2，在上任取⼀点（与点，不重合），连接，．，且，，，长是点与上各点之间的最短距离．由此可以得到真命题：圆外⼀点与圆上各点之间的最短距离是这点到圆⼼的距离与半径的差．请⽤上述真命题解决下列问题．（1）如图3，在中，，，以为直径的半圆交于，是上的⼀个动点，连接，则长的最⼩值是．（2）如图4，在边长为的菱形中，，是边的中点，点是边上⼀动点，将沿所在的直线翻折得到，连接，（i）求线段的长度；（ii）求线段长的最⼩值．27. 在平⾯直⾓坐标系中，抛物线（）与轴交于点，两点，是抛物线顶点，是对称轴与轴的交点．（1）求抛物线的解析式；（2）若点和点关于轴对称，点是轴上的⼀个动点，过点作交抛物线于点，是否存在以点，，，为顶点的平⾏四边形?若存在，求出点坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．28. 如图1，在中，，是边上任意⼀点（点与点，不重合），以为⼀直⾓边作，，连接，．（1）若，，（i）猜想线段，之间的数量关系及所在直线的位置关系，直接写出结论；（ii）现将图1 中的绕着点顺时针旋转锐⾓，得到图2，请判断（i）中的结论是否仍然成⽴，若成⽴，请证明；若不成⽴，请说明理由；（2）若，，，，绕着点顺时针旋转锐⾓，如图3，连接，，计算的值．29. 定义：如果⼀条直线能够将⼀个封闭图形的周长和⾯积平分，那么就把这条直线称作这个封闭图形的等分线．（1）请在如下的三个图形中，分别作⼀条等分线．（2）请在图中⽤尺规作图作⼀条直线，使它即是矩形的等分线，也是圆的等分线．（保留作图痕迹，不写作法）（3）如图，在中，，，，点是边上的动点，问是否存在过点的等分线?若存在，求出的长，若不存在，请说出理由．答案第⼀部分1. C2. A3. A4. B5. B【解析】过作于，则．在中，由勾股定理得．6. A7. C8. D9. D 10. B【解析】当在边上运动时，点到直线的距离为；当在边上运动时，利⽤⾯积相等，可知，；第⼆部分11.12.13. 等14.15.【解析】因为菱形的对⾓线，相交于点，，，所以，，，．．所以阴影半圆16. ；【解析】由已知，可得，，，，与的对应⾼之⽐为，的⾼为，．第三部分。

2015年北京市东城区二模语文试题一、本大题共10小题，共31分。

阅读下面的文字，按要求完成1-10题。

【材料一】中药命名的文化意蕴“厚朴”是一味中药。

中医药书称其因“本质朴而皮厚”得名。

但这看似简单的药名却实在不简单。

厚，是淳厚的厚；朴，是质朴的朴。

淳厚与质朴是中国人一向赞美的品德，巧妙地落在了一味药草上。

在数千种中草药中，有很多这样粗看自然质朴，细品却韵味十足的药名。

“百合”的意趣医圣张仲景的经典著作《金匮要略》中记录了这样一种病：患病者精神、饮食、行动皆异于常人，沉默少言，欲睡难眠，不思饮食，此为“百合病”。

中医认为这个病多由心神失养，或情致不调等引起。

治疗这个病常用“百合”为主药，以百合地黄汤为主方，在此基础上再根据病情及时调整。

那么，“百合”究竟是什么样子呢？说来没什么稀奇，罗大佑歌中的“野百合”和近年被阿宝唱响的“山丹丹”就是这味百合良药。

娇艳的百合花在山野蓬蒿中亭亭玉立，其生于地下的鳞茎由近百块鳞瓣抱合而成，古人将其视为“百年好合”的吉兆，花也因此得名。

不过，治疗百合病的不是美丽的花朵，而是那抱合的鳞茎。

百合具有滋阴润肺、镇静安神之功效，在中医看来，精神、情绪上的问题，就要用“百合”去治。

因此，就有了百合病是“因以百合为主药才得名”的说法，百合也有了“因治百合病才叫百合”的另一种得名原因。

中草药中，像百合一样拥有美妙、独特的名字的还有很多。

比如《神农本草经》一书中将一种主治时疾寒热、内补不足的“玉竹”列为上品，但此草并非竹类，它还有个名字叫“葳蕤”，有华美之意。

不过，“玉竹”之名更雅。

李时珍说“其叶光莹像竹，其根长而多节”，故名玉竹。

药名的诗情比起西药以化学分析为起点命名的科学和理性，中药本草的命名则大都感性。

有的药名本身就极富诗意，成为可以寄喻情思的对象。

我国古代以中药名连缀拟就的对联、诗歌多不胜数，历史上很多文学大师都精通医药知识。

吴承恩在《西游记》第三十六回中，就从数千味中药的药名中选出九味创作了一首唐三藏抒发情怀的诗。

北京市东城区初三化学二模2015.6可能用到的相对原子质量：H1 C12O16 Cl 35.5 Fe 56 第一部分（选择题共20分）1. 地壳中含量最多的元素是( ) A.氧B.硅C.铝D.铁]2. “善存”片富含维生素及钾和镁等，钾和镁指的是( ) A. 分子 B.原子 C.离子 D. 元素3. 下列不属于．．．合成材料的是( ) A. 塑料 B.羊毛纤维 C.涤纶 D.合成橡胶 4.下列化肥属于氮肥的是( )A.碳酸钾（K 2CO 3）B.磷酸钙[Ca 3 (PO 4) 2]C.氯化钾（KCl ）D.硝酸铵（NH 4NO 3）] 5.下列符号能表示 2 个氧分子的是( ) A.O 2 B.2OC. 2O 2D.2O 2-6. 用分子观点解释下列现象正确的是( )A.湿衣服晾晒变干是因为分子发生了变化B.点燃乙醇是因为分子间隔变大了C.瘪的乒乓球受热鼓起是因为分子变大了D.“酒香不怕巷子深”是因为分子不断运动 7.下列物质所对应用途不正确．．．的是( ) A.氧化钙：作干燥剂 B.氢氧化钠：治疗胃酸过多 K]C.干冰：作制冷剂 D.氧气：供给呼吸 8. 下列数据是一些物质的 pH ，其中酸性最强的是( )A.蒸馏水B.矿泉水C.碳酸饮料D.米醋9. 下列做法不会．．造成土壤污染的是( ) A.合理施用农家肥 B. 随意填埋垃圾 C. 大量施用化肥 D.随意丢弃废旧电池 10.工业上为了使煤块充分燃烧而将其粉碎的目的是( )A.减少煤的浪费B.减少氧气的消耗C.减少二氧化碳的排放D.减少酸雨的形成 11. 下列俗称与化学式对应不正确．．．的是( ) A.小苏打：NaHCO 3 B. 苏打：Na 2CO 3 C.纯碱：NaOH D. 熟石灰：Ca(OH)27.0 6.8~7.8 5.5~6.5 2.8~3.812.下列有关水的说法正确的是( )A.生活污水可以任意排放B.淡水是取之不尽、用之不竭的C.水是一种最常用的溶剂D.水分子由氢分子和氧原子构成 13.下列环境中，铁制自行车最容易生锈的是( ) A.寒冷干燥的东北地区 B.炎热干燥的沙漠地区 C.寒冷多雪的高原地区 D.炎热多雨的南方地区 14.下列说法正确的是( )A.饱和溶液一定是浓溶液B.均一、稳定的液体一定是溶液C. pH 大于7的溶液一定是碱性溶液D.不饱和溶液降温一定能得到饱和溶液 15.下列关于微观粒子的说法错误．．的是( ) A.原子得失电子可以转化成离子 B.原子核都是由质子和中子构成的 C.原子中质子数一定等于核外电子总数 D.分子、原子和离子都是构成物质的微粒 16.“单中心铁”可作甲烷高效转化的催化剂，该转化的微观示意图如下：有关转化的说法不正确．．．的是( ) A.反应物和生成物均属于有机物 B.“单中心铁”在反应前后质量不变 C.“单中心铁”加快了上述反应的速率 D.反应前后原子总数一定没有发生变化 17.现有①铜和稀盐酸，②碳酸钠和稀盐酸，③镁和稀硫酸，④浓硫酸和水，⑤浓盐酸和水五组物质。

2015东城区中考物理二模一、单项选择题（下列各小题均有四个选项，其中只有一个选项符合题意．共30分，每小题2分）1．（2分）在国际单位制中，功率的单位是（）A．牛顿（N）B．帕斯卡（Pa）C．瓦特（W）D．焦耳（J）2．（2分）如图所示的四种现象中，属于光的直线传播现象的是（）A．墙上手影形成B．叶子经露珠成放大的像C．树在水中有倒影D．花瓶在镜子中成像3．（2分）如图所示的四种情景中，所使用的杠杆属于费力杠杆的是（）A．剪子B．钓鱼竿C．核桃夹D．羊角锤4．（2分）押加是我国少数民族体育项目之一，又称大象拔河．比赛中甲、乙两人通过腿、肩等部位用力拖动布带奋力互拉．在如图中，甲、乙两人僵持不动，若布带的重力不计，下列说法正确的是（）A．甲对地面的压力和甲所受的摩擦力是一对平衡力B．甲受到的拉力和乙受到的拉力是一对相互作用力C．甲对布带的拉力和乙对布带的拉力是一对平衡力D．若甲、乙两人体重相同就一定不能决出胜负5．（2分）下列家用电器中，使用时主要将电能转化为机械能的是（）A．电暖气B．电风扇C．电饭煲D．电磁炉6．（2分）如图是关于电磁现象的四个实验，下列说法正确的是（）A．实验是研究同种电荷相互排斥B．实验是研究电动机的原理C．实验是研究电磁感应现象D．实验是研究发电机的原理7．（2分）小明在网上购买了一个迷你音响，如图是音响实物图片和铭牌．对于该音响，下列说法正确的是（）A．锂电池工作时，将电能转化为化学能B．音响在5V电压下正常工作C．音响正常工作时每秒消耗电能5JD．加大音响的音量可以提高发出声音的频率8．（2分）在进行家庭电路的改装时，如果不小心使白炽电灯灯座内的零线和火线相接触，闭合开关接通电源，会出现下列哪种情况（）A．灯丝被烧断B．电灯正常发光C．电灯发出暗淡的光D．空气开关断开9．（2分）下列关于光现象的说法正确的是（）A．光发生漫反射时，不遵守光的反射定律B．光从空气射入水中，传播速度不变C．月食是因为光的反射而形成的D．平面镜可以成像，也可以控制光的传播路径10．（2分）下面估计的数据符合实际情况的是（）A．人体感到最舒适的温度约是10℃B．中学生100m赛跑的成绩约8秒C．家用电吹风功率约为500WD．一个苹果的重力约为0.1N11．（2分）把一小块某金属放在手心，很快就变成了一颗晶莹的液珠，就像荷叶上的水珠．通过这一现象，下列说法中正确的是（）A．该现象属于液化，需要吸热B．手对金属做功，其内能增大C．该金属的熔点低于手的温度D．可以用该金属来制作餐具12．（2分）坐在行驶着的汽车里的乘客，看到公路两旁的树木迅速向后退，他所选的参照物是（）A．树木B．地面C．天空中的云D．乘客坐的汽车13．（2分）学校有前、后两个门，在前、后门各装一个按钮开关，学校保卫室有甲、乙两盏灯和电池组，要求：前门来人按下开关时甲灯亮，后门来人按下开关时乙灯亮．图示的电路能满足要求的是（）A．B．C．D．14．（2分）如图所示的各图象中能正确描述各物理量之间关系的是（）A．水的比热容与温度的关系B．水的压强与深度的关系C．水的密度与体积的关系D．水的重力与质量关系15．（2分）在两个相同的烧杯内装有深度相同的A、B两种液体，将甲、乙两个实心球分别放入A、B液体中，甲球沉底，乙球漂浮，两球重力分别为G甲、G乙，密度分别为ρ甲、ρ乙，所受浮力分别为F1、F2，此时，液体对杯底的压强分别为p1、p2．已知：两种液体的密度及两球体积关系分别为：ρA＞ρB，V甲＞V乙，则下关系中正确的是（）A．ρ甲＜ρ乙B．G甲＜G乙C．F1＞F2D．p1=p2二、多项选择题（下列各小题均有四个选项，其中符合题意的选项均多于一个，共8分，每小题2分．每小题选项全选对的得2分，选对但不全的得1分，有错选的不得分）16．（2分）关于物体的内能，下列说法正确的是（）A．温度为0℃的物体没有内能B．物体内能增加，不一定是通过外界对物体做功C．水沸腾时，吸收热量，温度升高，内能不变D．在相同物态下，同一物体温度降低，它的内能会减少17．（2分）汽车已成为现代人不可或缺的交通工具，下列关于汽车的说法中正确的是（）A．轮胎上有凹凸的花纹，是为了增大摩擦B．冬天在水箱中加入防冻剂，提高水的凝固点C．超速行驶会导致汽车惯性增大，增加事故风险D．冬季汽车开空调后，会在车窗玻璃内侧附着“雾气”，这是液化现象18．（2分）如图是“风光互补”路灯，该灯装有风力和太阳能发电装置．白天将获得的电能储存在蓄电池内，夜间蓄电池对灯泡供电．下列关于这种路灯的说法中正确的是（）A．太阳能发电装置可将电能转化为光能B．风力发电装置，利用的是电磁感应的原理C．若采用LED灯照明，会比白炽灯更节能环保D．路灯利用的太阳能和风能都属于不可再生能19．（2分）关于安全用电，下列说法中正确的是（）A．试电笔可以用来判别零线和火线B．家庭电路中保险丝熔断一定是发生了短路C．三脚插头上较长的一根铜片应该与零线相连D．家庭电路增添大功率用电器时，有必要考虑导线和保险丝是否需要更换三、填空题（共10分，每空1分）20．（1分）同名磁极相互．21．（1分）凹透镜对光有作用．（选填“会聚”或“发散”）22．（1分）一个容积为2.5L的塑料瓶，用它装水，最多能装kg．23．（1分）利用超声波测位仪向海底垂直发射声波，经过4s后收到回波，如果海水中声音的平均传播速度是1500m/s，此处海水的深度是．24．（1分）某用电器，正常工作的电压为6V，阻值为15Ω，将它与一只20Ω的电阻串联后接到电压是V的电源上，此用电器才能正常工作．25．（1分）龙潭湖水面下5m处的鱼所受的水产生的压强约为Pa．（g取10N/kg）26．（1分）汽油的热值是4.6×107J/㎏，则完全燃烧2kg汽油放出的热量是J．27．（1分）1kW•h的电能可以供“220V 25W”的灯泡正常工作h．28．（1分）质量为m，密度为ρ的正方体金属块，竖直浸没在水中，用胶将其下表面全部与容器底部紧密的粘贴在一起，则该金属块所受到的浮力为．29．（1分）将一电热器直接接在电源上使用时，它的实际功率为100W，若把它同一个定值电阻串联，然后仍接在原来的电源上使用，发现定值电阻的功率为9W，则此时该电热器的实际功率为W（不考虑温度对电阻的影响，且电热器的电阻阻值比定值电阻阻值大）四、实验与探究题（共36分）30．（2分）在如图中，电流表的读数是A．31．（2分）如图所示，在图中画出入射光线AO的反射光线．32．（2分）如图所示体温计示数是℃．33．（2分）小明为家中的盆景设计了一个自动供水装置（如图所示），用一个塑料瓶装满水倒放在盆景中，瓶口刚刚被水浸没．当盆景中的水位下降到使瓶口露出水面时，空气进入瓶中，瓶中就会有水流出，使盆景中的水位升高，瓶口又被浸没，瓶中的水不再流出．这样盆景中的水位可以保持一定的高度．是因为使得水不会全部流掉而能保留在塑料瓶中．34．（3分）小东在实验室测量石块A的密度．他先用调节好的天平测量金属块A的质量．天平平衡后，右盘中所放砝码及游码在标尺上的位置如图甲所示，则石块A的质量为g．然后，他将石块A放入盛有50ml水的量筒中，量筒中的水面升高到如图乙所示的位置，则石块A的体积为cm3．由此可计算出石块A的密度为kg/m3．35．（4分）在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中，当蜡烛距透镜20cm时，光屏上得到清晰等大的（选填“实”或“虚”）像，则该透镜的焦距是cm．透镜位置不动，增大蜡烛与透镜的距离，为在光屏上再次得到清晰的像，应将光屏向（选填“靠近”或“远离”）透镜的方向移动，应用这一成像特点可制成（选填“放大镜”、“幻灯机”或“照相机”）．36．（3分）如图是小文和小明所做的“探究浮力的大小与哪些因素有关”的实验，其中甲、乙、丙、丁四个烧杯中的液体是水，戊烧杯中的液体是盐水，图丙和图丁中的弹簧测力计的示数相同．请根据图示回答下列问题：（1）由图丙、戊可知物体在液体中所受浮力的大小跟液体的有关；（2）由图乙、丙可知物体在液体中所受浮力的大小跟它浸在液体中的有关；（3）由图丙、丁可知物体在液体中所受浮力的大小跟物体浸没在液体中的无关．37．（3分）在“探究水的沸腾”实验时，小敏同学从91℃开始，每隔1min记录一次温度计的示数，直到水沸腾一段时间为止．（1）小敏的实验记录数据如表所示，分析表中数据可知，沸腾时水的温度为℃．（2）水沸腾后，烧杯口冒出的“白气”是由水蒸气的（选填“液化”或“汽化”）现象造成的．（3）在4min到7min这段时间内，酒精灯要持续进行加热，这说明水在沸腾时需要．38．（2分）小丽用如图所示的装置，在杠杆支点的两边分别挂上钩码来探究杠杆的平衡条件．（1）为使杠杆水平平衡，应将左端的平衡螺母向（选填“左”或“右”）移动．（2）实验中测得的数据如表所示，表格中漏填的数据为N．39．（4分）在“探究影响压力作用效果的因素”的实验中，小芳做了如图所示的三个实验．（1）由实验和实验（选填“甲”、“乙”或“丙”）可知：压力作用效果与受力面积有关．（2）由实验和实验（选填“甲”、“乙”或“丙”）可知：压力作用效果与压力大小有关．40．（3分）在伏安法测电阻的实验中：小明同学按连接好如图所示的电路，发现开关S闭合前，电压表（选填“有”或“无”）示数，导致这一现象的原因是有一根导线连接不恰当，请在相应的导线上画“×”，并改成正确的连接．41．（2分）为了探究某电路的电流关系，在表中记录了各次实验中电流表A1的示数I1与电流表A2的示数I2．根据表中实验数据，可归纳出I2与I1的关系式为：I2=．42．（4分）水平实验台上有如下器材：带挂钩的木块、带挂钩的长木板、弹簧测力计、细线、可固定在实验台上的定滑轮、带横梁的铁架台，请利用上述器材设计一个实验，探究：物体所受滑动摩擦力大小与物体相对于接触面的运动速度大小是否有关？请写出实验步骤和实验现象．五、科普阅读题（共8分）43．（4分）过山车是一项富有刺激性的娱乐工具．那种风驰电掣、有惊无险的快感令不少人着迷．如果你对物理学感兴趣的话，那么在乘坐过山车的过程中不仅能够体验到冒险的快感，还有助于理解力学定律．实际上，过山车的运动包含了许多物理学原理，人们在设计过山车时巧妙地运用了这些原理．如果能亲身体验一下由能量守恒、加速度和力交织在一起产生的效果，那感觉真是妙不可言．这次同物理学打交道不用动脑子，只要收紧你的腹肌，保护好肠胃就行了．当然，如果你受身体条件和心理承受能力的限制，无法亲身体验过山车带来的种种感受，你不妨站在一旁仔细观察过山车的运动和乘坐者的反应．在刚刚开始时，过山车的小列车是依靠一个机械装置的推力推上最高点的，但在第一次下行后，就再也没有任何装置为它提供动力了．事实上，从这时起，带动它沿轨道行驶的唯一的“发动机”将是重力势能，即由重力势能转化为动能、又由动能转化为重力势能这样一种不断转化的过程构成的．重力势能是物体因其所处位置而自身拥有的能量，它是由于物体和地球的引力相互作用而产生的．对过山车来说，它的重力势能在处于最高点时达到了最大值，也就是当它爬升到“山丘”的顶峰时最大．当过山车开始下降时，它的重力势能就不断地减少（因为高度下降了），但能量不会消失，而是转化成了动能，也就是运动的能量．不过，在能量的转化过程中，由于过山车的车轮与轨道的摩擦而产生了热量，从而损耗了少量的机械能（动能和重力势能）．这就是为什么在设计中随后的小山丘比开始时的小山丘略矮一点的原因．过山车最后一节小车厢里是过山车赠送给勇敢的乘客最为刺激的礼物．事实上，下降的感受在过山车的尾部车厢最为强烈．因为最后一节车厢通过最高点时的速度比过山车头部的车厢要快，这是由于过山车中部的重心最高时，重力势能最大，而当尾部到达最高点时，重心位置已经不在最高位置，已经有一部分重力势能转化为动能了．这样，乘坐在最后一节车厢的人就能够快速地达到和跨越最高点，从而就会产生一种要被抛离的感觉，因为重心正在加速向下运动．尾部车厢的车轮是牢固地扣在轨道上的，否则在到达顶峰附近时，小车厢就可能脱轨飞出去．中前部的车厢情况就不同了，过山车的重心心在“身后”，在短时间内，它虽然处在下降的状态，但是它要“等待”重心越过高点被重力推动．（1）过山车上升阶段，其重力势能．（填“增加”、“减少”、“不变”）（2）过山车在轨道的最低处，运动最快，动能最大，说明物体的动能同有关．（3）设计师所设计的过山车轨道中，过山车依次通过的竖直回环的高度一次比一次低的原因是．（4）在过山车运行起来以后，坐在过山车不同位置的乘客，通过某一竖直回环的最高点时，乘坐在（选填“车中部”、“车尾部”）通过时速度最大．44．（4分）宇航服又称航天服，根据宇航员的活动范围和航天任务，宇航服应当满足这样一些条件：（1）能使位于太空的人体处于加压状态；（2）能供给保障宇航员生命安全所必需的氧气，消除二氧化碳，并能够控制温度和湿度；（3）能使宇航员在宇宙空间具有各种活动能力，并能使宇航员的疲劳减轻到最低限度；（4）穿戴和脱下方便；（5）具有防护宇宙射线辐射的能力；（6）能经得起微流星的冲击；（7）具有应付太空意外事故的能力．宇航服一般由密闭头盔和密闭服组成．密闭头盔由透明聚碳酸脂制成，为防止来自太阳的紫外线与红外线等强烈辐射，在头盔的透明层上涂有金属薄层．密闭头盔内可以供氧和加压．密闭服通常由几层具有耐高温的防火聚酰胺纤维织物等一些特殊材料制成，其中夹有数层铝箔，具有隔热、防护宇宙射线以及防止太空中流星雨的撞击等作用．为了适应宇航员在航天飞行中长时间穿用，宇航服都具有良好的气密性．另外，宇航服还配备有自动控制空气再生和调节的自给系统、无线电通信系统、宇航员的摄食与排泄等设施．宇航服按其用途主要有两种：一种是宇宙飞船内部穿用的宇航服，这种宇航服是在宇宙飞船座舱内使用的应急装置．当飞船发生故障时，它可以保护宇航员安全地返回地面．这种宇航服制作的一般比较轻便，在不加压时穿着比较舒适、灵活，因此有利于宇航员在不加压状态下较长时间地穿着．另一种是宇航员在飞船外部工作时穿用的宇航服，用以保证宇航员进入外层空间或者降落到其他天体表面完成一定的工作任务．这种宇航服具有更高的可靠性，它还装配有携带式生命保障系统，携带有供宇航员在外层空间运动的小型火箭．（1）由于太空中处于真空环境，声音（选“能”或“不能”）传播，所以在太空中宇航员是通过来传递信息的．（2）宇航员在某次工作任务时，开动宇航服中携带的供宇航员在外层空间运动的小型火箭，向后喷出气体，从而使宇航员向前运动，这一现象说明力的作用是的．（3）通过本文的描述，你觉得同一位宇航员身穿（选填“在宇宙飞船内部穿用”或“在飞船外部工作时穿用”）的宇航服时惯性比较大．六、计算题（共8分）45．（4分）在伏安法测定值电阻的实验课中，小京同学通过如图所示电路，测量阻值约为1000Ω的定值电阻R的阻值，在某次实验中伏特表读数为3V，毫安表读数为4mA：（1）请通过该组实验数据，计算R的阻值；（2）小京同学发现该计算结果同定值电阻的铭牌上所标的阻值相差较大，经检查发现读数和计算均无误，小京同学在进一步查找原因时看到，电压表的说明书上标有“内阻3kΩ”字样，他请教老师后得知：在某些情况下，为了更精确的测量，实际的电压表不能看成断路，而是当作一个阻值很大的电阻来处理，请你利用小京同学查找出的电压表的内阻阻值，计算出R更准确的阻值．46．（4分）如图所示，由徐工集团与中石化第十建设有限公司联合研发的4000吨级履带式起重机，将高度118米、直径14.4 米、重量1680吨的丙烯塔稳稳地吊装到位，成功实现了全球唯一最大吨位的起重机首次吊装，标志着我国工程机械人站上世界起重机的顶峰．这台可吊起4000吨重物的“世界第一吊”，全称是徐工XGC88000﹣4000吨级履带式起重机，88000指力矩88000吨•米（力矩在工程物理学中是指物体的重量乘以到转轴的距离，在此之前，国际上的起重力矩设计极限为60000吨•米），最长臂达到216米，要吊起4000吨重物需要有6000吨（含起重机自身质量）的配重对称“压着”，这样的“巨无霸”还可以可轻松完成行走、回转等动作．g取10N/kg．求：（1）若每条履带与地面的接触面积为20m2，该起重机吊起4000吨重物以1m/s的速度在水平地面上匀速运动时对地面的压强为多少？（2）若将原来水平放置的丙烯塔看作是质量分布均匀的圆柱体，起重机把它竖直立起来，至少需要做多少功？参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择题（下列各小题均有四个选项，其中只有一个选项符合题意．共30分，每小题2分）1．【解答】在国际单位制中，牛顿是力的单位，帕斯卡是压强单位，瓦特是功率单位，焦耳是功的单位．故选C．2．【解答】A、墙上的手影，这是影子的形成，属于光的直线传播现象，故A符合题意；B、叶子经露珠成放大的像，露珠相当于凸透镜，属于光的折射现象，故B不符合题意；C、树木在水中的倒影，水面相当于平面镜，是平面镜成像问题，属于光的反射现象，故C不符合题意；D、花瓶在镜子中成像，是平面镜成像问题，属于光的反射现象，故D不符合题意．故选A．3．【解答】A、剪子在使用过程中，动力臂大于阻力臂，是省力杠杆；B、钓鱼竿夹在使用过程中，动力臂小于阻力臂，是费力杠杆；C、核桃夹在使用过程中，动力臂大于阻力臂，是省力杠杆；D、羊角锤在使用过程中，动力臂大于阻力臂，是省力杠杆；故选B．4．【解答】A、甲对地面压力方向竖直几下，甲受到的摩擦力是水平方向的，这两个不在同一直线上，不是一对平衡力，故A错误；B、由图，甲受到的拉力是绳子给的和乙受到的拉力也是绳子给的，不符合相互作用力的条件，故B错误；C、甲对布带的拉力和乙对布带的拉力，大小相等、方向相反、作用在同一直线上，都作用在布带上，符合平衡力条件，故C正确；D、能否获胜，取决于人所示地面摩擦力的大小，甲、乙两人体重相同，他们受到的摩擦力不一定相同，只要摩擦力不同，就一定能决出胜负，故D错误．故选C．5．【解答】A、电暖气工作时主要把电能转化为内能，故A错误；B、电风扇工作时只要把电能转化为机械能，故B正确；C、电饭煲工作时只要把电能转化为内能，故C错误；D、电磁炉工作时主要把电能转化为内能，故D错误；故选B．6．【解答】A、图甲中摩擦过的气球吸引小女孩的头发，是研究异种电荷相互吸引，故A错误；B、图乙实验是研究通电导线周围存在磁场，是电流的磁效应实验，电路中有电流，通电线圈或导体受到磁场力的作用发生运动，是电动机的工作原理，故B正确；C、图丙实验是研究直流电动机的原理，故C错误；D、图丁实验是研究电流的磁效应试验，故D错误．故选B．7．【解答】A、锂电池工作时，将化学能转化为电能，故A错误；B、由铭牌可知音响的额定电压为3V，故B错误；C、音响正常工作时每秒消耗电能W=Pt=5W×1s=5J，故C正确；D、加大音响的音量可以提高发出声音的响度，故D错误．故选：C8．【解答】白炽灯灯座的两根电线，一根是零线，一根是火线，两根电线接触，闭合开关时，火线和零线直接相连，造成短路，电路中电流过大，使空气开关断开．此时灯泡被短路，灯泡中没有电流通过，不会发光．故选D．9．【解答】A、镜面反射和漫反射都遵守光的反射定律，故A错误；B、光在不同介质中的传播速度是不同的，故B错误；C、月食是由于光的直线传播而形成的，故C错误；D、平面镜可以成像，所成的是上下相同，左右相反，等大正立的虚像；也可以改变光的传播路径，故D正确．故选：D．10．【解答】A、人体正常体温在37℃左右，感觉舒适的温度在23℃左右．故A不符合实际；B、男子百米世界纪录略小于8s，中学生百米赛跑的时间在17s左右．故B不符合实际；C、家用电吹风正常工作的电流在2.5A左右，额定功率在P=UI=220V×2.5A=550W，接近500W．故C符合实际；D、一个苹果的质量在200g=0.2kg左右，受到的重力在G=mg=0.2kg×10N/kg=2N左右．故D不符合实际．故选C．11．【解答】A、将一块金属放在手心，金属很快熔化成了一颗液滴，这是熔化过程，故A错误；B、金属熔化过程中是通过热传递的方式增大内能，故B错误；C、该现象说明该物质熔点很低，低于手掌的温度，故C正确；D、该金属熔点太低，不能用来做餐具，故D错误．故选C．12．【解答】行驶着的汽车里坐着不动的乘客，之所以看到公路两旁的树木迅速向后退，是因为他选择了自己乘坐的汽车为参照物．故选D．13．【解答】由题意知，甲乙两个电灯并联，前门开关控制甲灯、后门开关控制乙灯，由图示电路图可知，A正确，BCD错误；故选A．14．【解答】由图可知：A、水的比热是水的特性，是定值．如图，温度升高，水的比热减小．不符合题意；B、水的压强随着深度的增加应该是增大的，而图象中压强不随深度的增大而增大．不符合题意；C、水的密度是水的特性，是定值，跟水的体积无关，所以水的体积增大时，水的密度不变．符合题意；D、物体受到的重力与其质量成正比，图象中水的重力虽然随质量的增大而增大，但不是正比例关系．不符合题意．故选C．15．【解答】A、甲在A中下沉，则甲的密度大于A的密度，乙在B中漂浮，则乙的密度小于B的密度，又ρA＞ρB，所以ρ甲＞ρ乙，A错误；B、ρ甲＞ρ乙，V甲＞V乙，由G=mg=ρVg可知，G甲＞G乙，B错误；C、甲在A中下沉，V排甲=V甲，乙球漂浮，V排乙＜V乙，因为V甲＞V乙，所以甲球排开A的体积大于乙球排开B的体积；球在液体中所受浮力F浮=ρ液gV排，A的密度大于乙的密度，所以甲球受到的浮力大于乙球受到的浮力，C正确；D、甲球沉底，乙球漂浮，V甲＞V乙，所以A的深度将大于B的深度，又ρA＞ρB，由p=ρ液gh可知，甲的压强更大，D错误．故选C．二、多项选择题（下列各小题均有四个选项，其中符合题意的选项均多于一个，共8分，每小题2分．每小题选项全选对的得2分，选对但不全的得1分，有错选的不得分）16．【解答】A、温度为0℃的物体也具有内能，故A错误；B、物体的内能增加，可能是外界对物体做功，也可能是从外界吸收了热量，故B正确；C、正在沸腾的水吸收热量，温度不变，内能增加，故C错误；。

2015东城二模英语试题第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago. A．What’s more B．That’s to sayC．In other words D．Believe it or not答案是D。

21. —Did you manage to get in touch with David?—No, I didn’t. I ______ him up, but there was no answer.A. ringB. rangC. will ringD. would ring22. Visitors can see the large diamond, ______ has been kept at the Tower since the 17th century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who23. Sparing no thought for her own safety, she dived into the river ______ the child.A. savingB. being savedC. to saveD. to be saved24. I’m continually losing my pens these days. I ______ them on my desk, but they disappear somehow.A. leaveB. am leavingC. was leavingD. would leave25. ______ you know him well, you will find him easy to be around and thoughtful.A. HoweverB. ThoughC. OnceD. Before26. Hotel owners ______ to find new ways of attracting tourists since the sudden drop in tourism last year.A. forceB. have forcedC. are forced D . have been forced27. —What about going by coach? It’s cheap and comfortable.—If we went that way, it would mean ______ more time than going by train.A. to spendB. spendingC. spentD. being spent28. Mother often tells us never to put off ______ we can do today till tomorrow.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. which29. Today’s approach to advertising is very different from ______ of 20 years ago.A. thatB. itC. someD. any30. This video camera can prevent the picture from jumping as the photographer ______.A. movedB. is movingC. will moveD. has moved31. Janet has worked in the manager’s office for five years, ______ with letters and documents.A. dealB. dealtC. dealingD. to have dealt32. ______ he worked out the problem in such a short time puzzled all of us. .A. WhatB. WhereC. WhenD. How33. Judging from his worried face, we knew that he ______ have had some trouble.A. wouldB. willC. needD. must34. Steam engines are no longer ______ use in most parts of the world’s transportation now.A. inB. forC. ofD. on35. I might speak French fluently if I ______ the chance to stay in France for some time.A. am being givenB. were givenC. will be givenD. would be given15东城一模21. That restaurant is extremely popular, ______ you may have to wait to get a seat.A. forB. soC. orD. yet22. Working as a manager, Rebecca found it hard ______ between work and her family.A. balancingB. to balanceC. to have balancedD. having balanced23. —Is the project difficult for the students?—No. Most of the relevant information ______ to them.A. has been providedB. has providedC. had been providedD. had provided24. The whole class applauded wildly at the end of the speech, ______ greatly encouraged Bob.A. whatB. whereC. whichD. when25. ______ full preparations, Tony was quite confident about the coming interview.A. MakeB. MadeC. To makeD. Having made26. —I am worn out now. I stayed up last night to finish the report.—Oh? You ______. The professor asked us to hand it in next week.A. needn’t haveB. wouldn’t haveC. couldn’t haveD. can’t have27. Once ______, the book wi ll surely attract readers’ attention since it is related to people’s health.A. publishingB. having publishedC. publishedD. to publish28. We are going to the theater tomorrow ______ all the tickets are sold out.A. whenB. unlessC. whetherD. because29. —I didn’t know you play the piano. It sounds wonderful!—Thank you! I ______ it when I worked in UK.A. learnedB. had learnedC. have learnedD. learn30. —Are you going to the concert next week?—I’d like to, but I ______ an exam then.A. takeB. tookC. was takingD. will be taking31. Students show great interest in ______ Professor Edwards presents to them in his class.A. whicheverB. whereverC. whateverD.however32. Most people who enjoy travelling believe that travel ______ not only our bodies but also our minds.A. benefitedB. would benefitC. has benefitedD. benefits33. It was not what Tom said but what he wrote in the letter ______ touched his mother.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who34. The job position in the advertisement requires that the applicant ______ at least 8 years ofworking experience.A. hadB. haveC. will haveD. has35. —Have you seen ______ film before?—Yes. I saw it on ______ Christmas Day, but I can’t remember the exact year.A. the, aB. a, theC. a, aD. the, the21．His early comedies were filmed black and white．A．of B．with C．in D．by22．I'm not sure where my necklace is, but I have a pretty good idea who it．A: take B．took C．had taken D．will take23．most people come here for skiing, there are plenty of other things to do．A．Although B．Once C．Since D．If24．The food in this way keeps fresh．A．prepare B．preparing C．to prepare D．prepared25．to the house owner, the designer had a clear idea of what to do．A．To talk B．Talked C．Having talked D．Being talked26．My office wasn't far from Chinatown, I found some very good Chinese restaurants．A．which B．whose C．when D．where27．Whenever I'm in trouble, I hear a voice in my head 6'You can do it．"A．to ring B．ringing C．rung D．having rung28．With a little more care, you the traffic' accident．It' s lucky that you just hut your arm．A．can avoid B．arrived C．had avoided D．could have avoided 29．Sam's bakery a partnership with a local coffee company．Now they serve great coffee．A．has formed B．would form C．is forming D．will form30．The book I wrote last year and it will soon come out．A．printed B．will print C．was printed D．is being printed31．online courses can produce good results remains to be seen．A．That B．Whether C．Who D．Where32．--- Excuse me, where can I get my car filled up?--- There are gas stations at end of the block．A．both B．neither C．either D．all33．Wonderful friends, a show on Hunan TV, is about people get along with animals．A．how B．what C．why D．who34．The road next week leads to Highway 62．A．building B．to build C．to be built D．built35．Although the test look like a simple one, great care is needed．A．may B．must C．should D．need15东城一模21．—Mum, where's my packed lunch?一In the kitchen．I you two sandwiches．A．make B．am making C．have made D．will make22．1 think we'd better keep to the subject, we'11 waste our time．A．and B．or C．but D．so23．Don't phone me between 10:00 and 11:30 tomorrow morning．I a meeting then．A．had B．have C．was having D．will be having24．During the weekend, the health club is usually full of people to get in shapeA．try B．tried C．trying D．having tried25．The children's excitement as Christmas drew near．A．grows B．grew C．is growing D．had grown26．Tom's worry is he won't be chosen for the school football team．A．that B．whether C．when D．why27．－The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible !—They have taken some measures to prevent it occurring．A．must B．will C．would D．should28．The room he has just rent is about 9 meters length and 3 meters wide．A．in B．on C．to D．at29．Charles entered New York University in 2009 and one year later to University of London as an exchange studentA．sent B．had sent C．was sent D．had been sent30．—Can you give me a ride?—Sorry．There is no room in my car．A．to leave B．leaving C．left D．being left31．You'd better prepare some candles at home the power fails．A．even though B．in caseC．as long as D．in order that32．My uncle has a large greenhouse in his garden he grows vegetables in winterA．which B．where C．when D．whose33．—Good news ! There's a supermarket in this area next month!—Cool! It will be convenient for us when it's openA．building B．built C．having built D．to be built34．—Sarah went to the party．—Really? I her if I had gone with you．A．met B．had met C．would met D．would have met35．Spending a few hours learning about the history and culture of the destination will help tourists understand they're seeingA．what B．where C．that D．why。

北京市西城区2015年初三二模试卷物 理 2015.6一、单项选择题（下列各小题四个选项中只有一个选项符合题意。

共30分，每小题2分） 1．下列的单位中，功率的单位是A ．帕斯卡（Pa ）B ．千克/米3（kg/m 3）C ．焦耳（J ）D ．瓦特（W ）2．下列电器中，利用电流热效应工作的是 A ．手机 B ．电暖气 C ．电冰箱 D ．电风扇3．载人飞船在太空运行，航天员坐在飞船的座舱内，相对下列哪个物体航天员是静止的 A ．太阳 B ．地球 C ．月球 D ．飞船4．在图1所示的四种现象中，属于光的反射现象的是5．在下列几组能源中，属于可再生能源的一组是 A ．石油、核燃料 B ．电能、地热能 C ．煤炭、天然气 D ．水能、太阳能6．下列生活实例中，通过做功改变物体内能的是A ．利用电热水壶将冷水烧开B ．用锯锯木头，锯条会发热C ．太阳能水箱中的水被晒热D ．夏天吹空调，人感到凉爽7．下列对长度和质量的估测，其中最接近实际的是A ．初中生的质量约为50gB ．物理试卷的纸张厚度约为80μmC ．九年级物理课本的质量约为2kgD ．五层教学楼的总高度约为15dm8．根据你对马路上斑马线红、绿信号灯的了解，图2中可行的电路图是9．一般水桶的形状如图3所示。

水桶做成上大下小的形状，是为了减小 A ．水面的振动B ．桶对手的压强 C．水对桶底的压力D ．水对桶底的压强图1铅笔好像在水面处“折断” 河底看起来变浅 斑马在水中形成“倒影 ”建筑物上空的灯光 D C B A 图2AB2CD图3图6 10．下列关于力的说法正确的是A ．平衡力可以改变物体的运动状态B ．力可以不作用在物体上C ．相互作用力可以作用在一个物体上D ．平衡力可以使物体发生形变11．关于温度、热量和内能，下列说法正确的是A ．物体温度升高，它的内能一定减少B ．物体温度升高，一定吸收了热量C ．物体温度降低，它的分子运动一定减缓D ．物体吸收了热量，温度一定升高12．如图4所示，电源两端电压不变，R 1是定值电阻，R 2是滑动变阻器。

北京市东城区2014--2015学年第二学期综合练习（二）数 学 试 卷 2015.6学校 班级 姓名 考号一、选择题（本题共30分，每小题3分）下面各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个是符合题意的.1．如图，数轴上有A ，B ，C ，D 四个点，其中到原点距离相等的两个点是A ．点B 与点DB ．点A 与点CC ．点A 与点DD ．点B 与点C2.据统计，中国每年浪费的食物总量折合粮食约为50 000 000 吨，将50 000 000用科学记数法表示为 A ． 5×107B ． 50×106C ． 5×106D ． 0.5×1083. 下列运算正确的是A ．236a a a ⋅=B ．336a a a += C ．22a a -=- D ．326()a a -=4．甲、乙、丙、丁四名运动员参加了射击预选赛，他们射击的平均环数－x 及其方差2s如下表所示．如果选出一个成绩较好且状态稳定的人去参赛，应选运动员A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁5. 如图，已知⊙O 的半径为13，弦AB 长为24，则点O 到AB 的距离是6．已知一个布袋里装有2个红球，3个白球和a 个黄球，这些球除颜色外其余都相同．若从此布袋里任意摸出1个球，该球是红球的概率为13，则a 等于 A ．1B ． 2C ． 3D ． 47. 如图，将△ABC 沿BC 方向向右平移2cm 得到△DEF ，若△ABC 的周长为16cm ，则四边形ABFD 的周长为8．如图，在已知的△ABC 中，按以下步骤作图：①分别以B ，C 为圆心，以大于2BC 的长为半径作弧，两弧相交于点M ，N ；②作直线MN 交AB 于点D ，连接CD ．若CD =AC ，∠B =25°，则∠ACB 的度数为 A ． 90° B ． 95° C ． 100°D ． 105°9．如果三角形的一个角是另一个角的3倍，那么我们称这个三角形为“智慧三角形”．下列各组数据中，能作为一个智慧三角形三边长的一组是 ，，10. 如图，矩形ABCD 中，AB =3，BC =4，动点P 从A 点出发，按A →B →C 的方向在AB 和BC 上移动，记P A =x ，点D 到直线P A 的距离为y ，则y 关于x 的函数图象大致是ABA ．B ．C ．D ．二、填空题（本题共18分，每小题3分）11x 的取值范围是 ．12．如图，AB //CD ，∠D = 27°，∠E =36°．则∠ABE 的度数是 ．13．一次函数y kx b =+ 的图象经过第一、二、三象限且经过(0,2)点.任写一个满足上述条件的一次函数的表达式是_________________.14．小刚用一张半径为24cm 的扇形纸板做一个如图所示的圆锥形小丑帽子侧面（接缝忽略不计），如果做成的圆锥形小丑帽子的底面半径为10cm ，那么这张扇形纸板的面积是 _________________2cm ．第12题图 第14题图15. 如图，菱形ABCD 的对角线AC ，BD 相交于点O ，AC ＝8，BD ＝6，以AB 为直径作一个半圆，则图中阴影部分的面积为 ．16．如图，已知A 1，A 2，……，A n ，A n ＋1在x 轴上，且OA 1＝A 1A 2＝A 2A 3＝……＝A n A n ＋1＝1，分别过点A 1，A 2，……，A n ，A n ＋1作x 轴的垂线交直线y ＝x 于点B 1，B 2，……，B n ，B n ＋1，连接A 1B 2，B 1A 2，A 2B 3，B 2A 3，……，A n B n ＋1，B n A n ＋1，依次相交于点P 1，P 2，P 3，……，EDCBABAFCDEP n ，△A 1B 1P 1，△A 2B 2P 2，……，△A n B n P n 的面积依次为S 1，S 2，……，S n ，则S 1= ，S n = ．三、解答题（本题共30分，每小题5分）17.计算：(101π8sin 454-⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭18．如图，点A ，F ，C ，D 在同一直线上，点B 和点E 分别在直线AD 的两侧，且AB DE =，BC EF ∥， 求证：AF =DC .19．若实数a 满足2210a a --=，计算4(1)(1)2(2)a a a a +--+的值. 20. 已知关于x 的方程21(1)(1)04k x k x ---+=有两个相等的实数根，求实数k 的值． 21． A ，B 两个火车站相距360km ．一列快车与一列普通列车分别从A ，B 两站同时出发相向而行，快车的速度比普通列车的速度快54km/h ，当快车到达B 站时，普通列车距离A 站还有135km ．求快车和普通列车的速度各是多少？22．如图，一次函数1y k x b =+的图象经过A （0，﹣2），B （1，0）两点，与反比例函数2k y x=的图象在第一象限内的交点为M （m ，4）． （1）求一次函数和反比例函数的表达式；（2）在x 轴上是否存在点P ，使AM ⊥MP ？若存在，求出点P 的坐标；若不存在，说明理由．四、解答题（本题共20分，每小题5分）23．如图，矩形ABCD 中，点O 为AC 的中点，过点O 的直线分别与AB ，CD 交于点E ，F ，连接BF 交AC 于点M ，连接DE ，BO.若∠COB =60°，FO =FC . 求证：（1）四边形EBFD 是菱形；（2）MB : OE=3：2.24．以下是根据全国人力资源和社会保障部公布的相关数据绘制的统计图的一部分，请你根据图中信息解答下列问题：（1）2015年全国普通高校毕业生人数年增长率约是多少？（精确到0.1%）（2）2013年全国普通高校毕业生人数约是多少万人？（精确到万位）（3）补全折线统计图和条形统计图．25．如图，已知AB是⊙O的直径，C是⊙O上一点，∠BAC的平分线交⊙O于点D，交⊙O的切线BE于点E，过点D作DF⊥AC，交AC的延长线于点F．（1）求证：DF是⊙O的切线；（2）若DF=3，DE=2．①求BEAD值；②求FAB26 .阅读材料如图1，若点P是⊙O外的一点，线段PO交⊙O于点A,则PA长是点P与⊙O上各点之间的最短距离.图1 图2证明：延长PO 交⊙O于点B，显然PB>PA.如图2，在⊙O 上任取一点C （与点A ，B 不重合），连结PC ，OC .,,,,PO PC OC PO PA OA OA OC PA PC <+=+=∴<且∴PA 长是点P 与⊙O 上各点之间的最短距离.由此可以得到真命题：圆外一点与圆上各点之间的最短距离是这点到圆心的距离与半径的差.请用上述真命题解决下列问题．(1)如图3，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB =90°，AC =BC =2，以BC 为直径的半圆交AB 于D ，P 是上的一个动点，连接AP ，则AP 长的最小值是 ．图3(2)如图4，在边长为2的菱形ABCD 中，∠A =60°，M 是AD 边的中点，点N 是AB 边上一动点，将△AMN 沿MN 所在的直线翻折得到△MN A '，连接C A ',①求线段A ’M 的长度; ②求线段C A '长的最小值.五．解答题（本题共22分，第27题7分，第28题7分，第29题8分）27．在平面直角坐标系中，抛物线2+3y ax bx =+()0≠a 与x 轴交于点A （-3,0）、B （1,0）两点， D 是抛物线顶点，E 是对称轴与x 轴的交点.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点F 和点D 关于x 轴对称, 点P 是x 轴上的一个动点，过点P 作PQ ∥OF 交抛物线于点Q ，是否存在以点O ,F ,P ,Q 为顶点的平行四边形？若存在，求出点P 坐标;若不存在，请说明理由.28. 如图1，在ABC Rt △中，90ACB ∠=︒，E 是边AC 上任意一点(点E 与点A ，C 不重合)，以CE 为一直角边作ECD Rt △，90ECD ∠=︒，连接BE ，AD .图4(1) 若CA CB =，CE CD =，①猜想线段BE ，AD 之间的数量关系及所在直线的位置关系，直接写出结论； ②现将图1中的ECD Rt △绕着点C 顺时针旋转锐角α，得到图2，请判断①中的结论是否仍然成立，若成立，请证明；若不成立，请说明理由；(2) 若8CA =，6CB =，3CE =，4CD =，ECD Rt △绕着点C 顺时针旋转锐角α，如图3，连接BD ，AE ，计算22BD AE +的值.29．定义：如果一条直线能够将一个封闭图形的周长和面积平分，那么就把这条直线称作这 个封闭图形的等分线。