Unit 1 The way to success
Objectives
https://www.doczj.com/doc/627953322.html,e the key expressions to talk about the way to success
2.apply the reading skill --understanding denotation and connotation
3.write a passage following the structure of an expository essay
4.translate attributive clauses
5.develop a right attitude toward success
Section A Never, ever give up!
Lead-in
Watch the video clip and discuss the following questions in pairs.
1. What factors lead to success according to the speaker?
The three things that lead to success are as follows: passion, work, good.
2. Can you name several other important factors for success?
There are other important factors for success: good luck, talent, a clear goal, good relationship with your colleagues, self-confidence, etc.
Inspiring your thoughts
Task 1Global understanding of the introduction
Read Paras. 1-2 and answer the following questions.
?What is the main idea of this part?
It introduces the theme question of the text: What is the secret of success?
?Whose example is used to elicit the idea?
The example of Winston Churchill.
Task 2 Global understanding of the body (Paras. 3-7)
Step 1 Read Paras.3-7 and find out who are cited as examples to illustrate the secret of success. What are the examples used to show the secret of success?
…Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called “slow to learn” and written off as idiots by their teachers. … In the end, both Einstein and Edi son overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. (Para. 3)
(Nothing can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success: Einstein and Edison are good examples to illustrate this. )
Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, …His background was certainly not glamorous. … Later in life, he suffered profound grief over the tragic death of three of his four children. Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. … A hundred years later, people from around the world commend Abraham Lincoln as the greatest American president of all time. (Para. 4)
(The example of Abraham Lincoln is added here to show that his strong will was the spur to push him forward and finally to make him successful. (Para. 4) )
After growing up on a cattle ranch without running water or electricity, Sandra Day O’Connor fought to achieve the best education possible. … Through sheer persist ence she was eventually nominated and then appointed the first woman Supreme Court Justice of the United States of
America. There, she acted as a crucial vote on issues like abortion and women’s rights. (Para. 6)
(The example of Sandra Day O’Connor is giv en here to show that her success is due to her sheer persistence. (Para. 6) )
Task 3 Global understanding of the conclusion
Read Para.8 and fill in the blanks with the missing information.
With ___________, ____________, ___________ and ___________, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!
(hard work , determination, dedication, preparation)
Analysis of the whole text structure
Introduction (Paras. 1-2): Use the example of Churchill to lead to the question: What ’s the secret
Body (Paras. 3-7): Give illustrations and examples to bring forward the statement that only those with a strong will, those who “keep their eyes on the prize ”, and those who expend the substantial
Detailed understanding of the text
Step 2 Work in groups of four. Retell the story of each of the five people in the examples cited in the table.
Step 3 Discuss what traits these people have in common to be successful.
Critical thinking
Think over the following three questions and share your ideas with your classmates.
1.How do you understand the remark “It’s not how many times you fall down that matters.
It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!”?
You may have tried and failed many times before you finally get success. But it does not matter. What matters is whether you can summon up all your courage again and again to face the hardships standing in the way of success.
2.Do you agree that “there are times when it’s simply better to give up”?
●When I have realized that I am pursuing something that is hard to achieve, I would try to
stick to the goal. But I will begin to think of what I can do to improve the situation.
When it still doesn’t work, I would try to analyze what the problem is and then make some changes and probably reset my goal.
●Yes, sometimes we are pursuing the wrong goal which can never be achieved, only to
find ourselves in deep frustration and profound fatigue. In this situation, I may give up the wrong goal and set up another goal that is achievable.
3.How can we avoid wasting time and energy in achieving success?
●Following the guidance of senior people.
●Getting sound advice from our parents.
●Setting a correct goal.
●Achieving success step by step.
●Developing good interpersonal relationships.
Enhancing your skills
Language focus→Language learning
1 As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.
1 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生，要不是出身名门，他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地，他总算从哈罗毕业了，在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。后来，他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气，为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心，不仅激励了整个民族，还鼓舞了全世界。
1 He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Churchill was not a good student. If he had not been from a famous family, he probably would have been dismissed from the school because of breaking the rules.
Sentence structure note: “Had he not been …”为倒装的虚拟条件句，相当于“If he had not been …”。在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词 if, 而将谓语中的 had, were 或should 等移至主语之前，构成倒装。
e.g.
Had it not been for his help, I would never have completed the project.
要不是他帮忙，我完不成这个项目。
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 你要是处于我这个位置，你也会这样做的。Should you be passing, do come and see us. 如果你经过这里，一定要来看我们。
2 Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Fortunately, he graduated from Harrow and his mistakes there did not keep him from going to college.
3 He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Finally he joined the army, and then his outstanding army career made it possible for
him to be elected prime minister.
4 He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. (Para. 1)
Meaning: He became well-known because of his intelligence, wisdom, responsibility of a citizen, and remarkable courage in his refusal to give up during the most painful days of the Second World War.
5 His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. (Para. 1)
Meaning: He was determined to win the war, which inspired the British people and the world as well.
2 Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!"
2 在他首相任期即将结束时，他应邀前往母校哈罗公学，为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。校长说：“年轻的先生们，当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲，他提出的任何中肯的建议，你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有 5 英尺 5 英寸高，体重却有 107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话：“年轻人，要永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！永不，永不，永不，永不！”
6 Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. (Para. 2)
Meaning: As his period as prime minister was coming to an end, he was invited to give a speech to the students who loved their country, at his old school, Harrow School.
3 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas —none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today.
3 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境，这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。任务再苦，准备再长，难度再大，都不能让他放弃自己的追求。就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生为例，他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评，都曾被说成“不开窍”，被老师当成笨蛋而放弃。托马斯·爱迪生还曾逃学，因为老师嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。爱因斯坦一直到将近 9 岁才能流利地说话，学习成绩太差，有些人认为他都已经学不好了。然而，这两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们坚持不懈地每天和儿子一起努力，孩子们也了解到，要想成功，就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。最终，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰，进而作出了造福当今全世界的伟
大发现。
7 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas —none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. (Para. 3)
Meaning:Personal experience, educational background or individual difficult situations —nothing can prevent a person with a strong will from succeeding.
8 No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. (Para. 3)
Meaning beyond words: A person with a strong will is not fearful of any difficult task and is willing to put in lots of time and hard effort to get prepared for his goal.
Sentence structure note: “No …too …”是一种强调句型。
例如：No job is too small. 没有任何一种工作是微不足道的。
9 Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. (Para. 3)
Meaning: The two most learned scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison, are typical examples.
10 Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. (Para. 3) Meaning: Both of them were labeled as boys with learning difficulties and described as stupid by their teachers.
11 They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. (Para. 3)
Meaning: They spent lots of time and energy helping their sons each day, and the boys learned that without long hours of hard work success will be impossible.
12 In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. (Para. 3)
Meaning: At last, both Einstein and Edison conquered the prejudice against them in their childhood and made impressive achievements from which the whole world benefits today.
4 Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, who faced substantial hardships, failures and repeated misfortunes in his lifetime. His background was certainly not glamorous. He was raised in a very poor family with only one year of formal education. He failed in business twice, suffered a nervous breakdown when his first love died suddenly and lost eight political elections. Later in life, he suffered profound grief over the tragic death of three of his four children. Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. It intensified and focused his efforts and enabled him to triumph over the overwhelming failures and profound difficulties in his life. A hundred years later, people from around the world commend Abraham Lincoln as the greatest American president of all time.
4 再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范，他一生面临了无数艰辛、失败和接二连三的不幸。他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜。他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大，只受过一年正规教育。经商两度失败，初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃，还在八次政治选举中落马。此后，他的四个孩子有三个不幸去世，令他悲痛欲绝。然而，坚强的意志鞭策着他，推动他前进，使他更加乐观、投入、坚毅。这让他得以全力以赴，一次次战胜生命中的巨大困难和挫折。一百年之后，世界各地的人们都赞颂亚伯拉罕·林肯，认为他是有史以来最伟大的美国总统。
13 His background was certainly not glamorous. (Para. 4)
Meaning: His background was actually very plain.
14 He failed in business twice, suffered a nervous breakdown when his first love died
suddenly and lost eight political elections. (Para. 4)
Meaning: He tried to run a business twice, neither of which was successful. He experienced a serious emotional and psychological collapse when his first love died suddenly, and he failed in eight political elections.
15 Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. (Para. 4)
Meaning: However, his strong will motivated him to go forward and made him more optimistic, dedicated, and determined.
16 It intensified and focused his efforts and enabled him to triumph over the overwhelming failures and profound difficulties in his life. (Para. 4)
Meaning: It made his efforts stronger and more focused, and enabled him to defeat a large number of failures and serious difficulties in his life.
17 A hundred years later, people from around the world commend Abraham Lincoln as the greatest American president of all time. (Para. 4)
Meaning:Now, people around the world praise Abraham Lincoln as the greatest American president of all time.
5 Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only those who "keep their eyes on the prize", those who uphold
a committed and focused will and spirit, will find their endeavors successful. Many artists, statesmen, writers and inventors have had the same experience. They achieved prosperity because they possessed a fierce will to keep preparing and working and a passion to succeed. They attained success, not because it was easy, but because they had the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently in the pursuit of their goals.
5 与丘吉尔和林肯一样，只有那些“执著地追求成功”的人，那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人，才会通过自身的努力，获得成功。许多艺术家、政治家、作家和发明家都有同样的经历。他们之所以能取得这样的成就，是因为他们拥有强烈的意愿，不懈地准备、奋斗，并保持对成功的激情。他们取得了成功，并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的意志，为了追求目标而勤奋努力。
18 Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only those who "keep their eyes on the prize", those who uphold a committed and focused will and spirit, will find their endeavors successful. (Para. 5) Meaning: Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only those who stay focused on their goal and concentrate their will and spirit on their work, will finally achieve success through their sustained efforts.
Note: keep one's eyes on the prize: stay focused on the end result; not let small problems get in the way of good results 执著地追求成功
e.g. I know it's difficult going to class after work, but just keep your eyes on the prize. At the end of next year, you'll have your MBA.
我知道下班之后再去上课是很困难的，但是你得坚持既定目标！明年底你就能获得工商管理硕士了。
19 They achieved prosperity because they possessed a fierce will to keep preparing and working and a passion to succeed. (Para. 5)
Meaning: They made such great achievements because they had a strong will to persist in preparing and working, and they were eager to be successful.
20 They attained success, not because it was easy, but because they had the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently in the pursuit of their goals. (Para. 5)
Meaning: They became successful not because it didn't need much hard work, but because they were strong-willed to defeat many great difficulties, and they worked extremely hard to realize their aims.
Sentence structure note: “not because …but because”是比较重要的平行结构句型，表示“不是因为…，而是因为…”。这种句型一般否定前半部分，肯定后半部分，从而形成对比。
e.g.Sometimes plagiarism occurs not because students are trying to cheat, but because they have not been taught how to paraphrase accurately.
剽窃的存在有时不是因为学生想作弊，而是因为老师没有教他们如何准确地转述。
e.g. I think markets move not because of an external force, but because the internal structures are either strengthening or weakening.
我认为市场的变化不是因为外部力量，而是因为其内部结构在加强或削弱。
6 After growing up on a cattle ranch without running water or electricity, Sandra Day O'Connor fought to achieve the best education possible. Consistently graduating at the top of her class, she worked her way into Stanford Law School, where she graduated with honors. But despite all of her hard work, Sandra Day O'Connor was still a woman in the 1950s. Even with the prestige of her degree from Stanford, she was rejected from the entire law circuit as firms preferred to hire less qualified men rather than risk hiring a female lawyer, which was unprecedented. Yet Sandra Day O'Connor refused to give up on her dreams. Through sheer persistence she was eventually nominated and then appointed the first woman Supreme Court Justice of the United States of America. There, she acted as a crucial vote on issues like abortion and women's rights.
6 桑德拉·戴·奥康纳成长于既没自来水也没电的养牛场，她努力学习以使自己接受到最好的教育。她的学习成绩在班上始终名列前茅，一路奋斗终于进入了斯坦福大学法学院，并以优异的成绩从法学院毕业。尽管奥康纳勤奋刻苦，但在 20 世纪 50 年代，她仍然受到女人身份的制约。即使斯坦福大学的学位有良好的声誉，她仍被整个法律界拒之门外，因为事务所宁愿聘请才干稍逊的男性，也不愿冒险破例雇佣一位女律师。然而，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳并未放弃梦想。她执著地坚持下去，终于得到提名并被任命为美国第一位女性最高法院大法官。她任职期间，对很多问题，例如堕胎和妇女权利，都起到了极为关键的作用。
21 After growing up on a cattle ranch without running water or electricity, Sandra Day O'Connor fought to achieve the best education possible. (Para. 6)
Meaning: After growing up on a cattle ranch where neither running water nor electricity was available, Sandra Day O'Connor struggled to get the best education she could.
22 Consistently graduating at the top of her class, she worked her way into Stanford Law School, where she graduated with honors. (Para. 6)
Meaning: After graduating as one of the best students from high school and college, she went on with her studies at Stanford Law School and graduated there with excellent performance.
23 Even with the prestige of her degree from Stanford, she was rejected from the entire law circuit as firms preferred to hire less qualified men rather than risk hiring a female lawyer, which was unprecedented. (Para. 6)
Meaning: Even with the educational background of world-famous Stanford University, she was refused by all the law firms, as they preferred to employ male lawyers even if they were less capable instead of taking the risk to employ a female lawyer, because this had never happened before.
24 Through sheer persistence she was eventually nominated and then appointed the first woman Supreme Court Justice of the United States of America. (Para. 6)
Meaning: Always keeping trying, she was finally chosen and assigned as the first female Supreme Court Justice of the USA.
25 There, she acted as a crucial vote on issues like abortion and women's rights. (Para. 6) Meaning: She played a critical role on issues like abortion and women's rights.
7 Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expend the substantial effort required to achieve it. Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire —a robust, fierce will and focus — that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. As a wise saying goes: "It's not how many times you fall down that matters. It's how many times you get back up that makes success!"
7 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望——一种坚定不移的意志和专注力——从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备，继续前进。正如一句箴言所说：“你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！”
26 Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expend the substantial effort required to achieve it. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Many people just say that they want something, but they do not spend the time and energy needed to make it happen.
27 Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. (Para. 7) Meaning: Many people couldn't try their best because they are afraid of failure.
28 The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire — a robust, fierce will and focus — that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. (Para. 7)
Meaning: The secret of success is based on a burning desire inside your heart; it is a strong, powerful will and concentration that gives the energy to act, and to keep preparing and moving forward even when we are tired, or when we face failure.
29 ... "It's not how many times you fall down that matters. It's how many times you get back up that makes success!" (Para. 7)
Meaning: ... It doesn't matter if you have failed many times. What does matter is that you will always recover from the failures on the way to success.
8 Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. Maintain the strong will to keep going — even when you are tired and want to slack or the odds seem too large. "Keep your eyes on the prize!" "Where there's a will, there's a way!" With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!
8 专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒地渐进，保持永不言退的坚强意志——即使在你疲惫想要松懈的时候，或者困难重重之时。“执著地追求成功！”“有志者，事竟成！”只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，完成所有壮举，取得成功！
30 Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. (Para. 8) Meaning: Emphasis should be put on getting more knowledge and on gradual but consistent progress.
31 Maintain the strong will to keep going — even when you are tired and want to slack or the odds seem too large. (Para. 8)
Meaning: Even when you are tired and want to be lazy or are faced with too many difficulties, you should always have the strong will to move forward.
32 Where there's a will, there's a way! (Para. 8)
Meaning: A strong-willed person will be successful!
33 With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success! (Para. 8)
Meaning: With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can overcome any difficulty, make any achievement, and be successful!
Note:
With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success! (Para.8)
Parallel Structure is also known as parallelism or parallel construction, and is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure. The application of parallelism improves writing style and readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process.
... Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
…Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not. …
Structure of example essays
Identifying the type of writing typical of the text
Skim the whole passage and identify the type of writing typical of the text.
What type of writing is this text?
The text is expositive writing. It is mainly developed by means of exemplification. Examples are abundantly used in the text.
Identifying the way an example essay is structured
Read Paras. 1-2 and identify how an example essay is started.
How does the writer start the essay?
As a young boy, Britain’s great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.
Read Paras. 3-7 and identify the way an example essay is developed.
It is developed by the arrangement of a series of details / examples in certain sequence.
?Order of Importance. It is wiser to place the most impressive detail at the end of the
paragraph.
?Order of Familiarity. It is common to begin with the most obvious or familiar detail and move toward the less obvious or less familiar detail.
A successful example essay depends on the following two guidelines:
?An expert arrangement of these examples. Similar or related examples should be grouped together and arranged according to the order of time, space, or importance.
? A wise selection of sufficient examples. Select the examples which are specific and typical, interesting and relevant. The examples may consist of either personal experiences or second-hand information from reliable sources.
The Structure of the Body
The general statement : Nothing can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success (Para. 3) Example 1 The examples of Einstein and Edison : (Para. 3)
details: Take the example of two of the most scholarly s cientists of our age…
Example 2 The example of Abraham Lincoln: (Para. 4)
details: Consider also the heroic example of …
Example 3 The example of Sandra Day O’Connor: (Para. 6)
details: Many artists, statesmen… have had the same experience.
Conclusion: The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire that fuels the determination … (Para. 7)
Read Para. 8 and identify the way of ending an example essay.
Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. Maintain the strong will to keep going—even when you are tired and want to slack or the odds seem too large. “Keep your eyes on the prize!” “Where there’s a will, there’s a way!” With hard work , determination , dedication and preparation , you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!
Identifying the features of an expository essay
Work in groups to discuss the following question.
What are the features of expository writing?
?Expository writing explains the topic to the reader and shows that the writer understands the topic.
?An expository essay must be well-structured with a clearly stated thesis. The rest of the essay then supports the thesis with clear evidence.
There are various strategies to develop an expository essay.
The most common ones include:
1. Exemplification Use examples to support or clarify an idea
2. Definition Explain a concept / subject by giving definitions
3. Classification Develop a topic by classifying it into several categories
4. Comparison & contrast Explain the likenesses and differences between two
comparable items
5. Cause & effect Investigate a problem by exploring its causes and effects
Unit 4 一．Directions: Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. A. He is seeking help. B. He is offering advice. C. He is trying to look calm. D. He is having an interview. A. She is weak in doing projects. B. She is weak in studies. C. She tends to work whole-heartedly. D. She is not willing to start a project. A. Send in her CV by email. B. Send in her CV by mail. C. Call the company. D. Visit the company in person. A. She has accepted the offer. B. She has declined the offer. C. She is interested in becoming an accountant. D. She will leave the current job for more money. A. She should keep the present job. B. She might as well find a new job. C. She might as well find an online job. D. She should perfect her present position 二．Directions: Listen to the passage(s) three times. There are various types of questions asked at a job interview. Most job interviews start with chit-chat type of questions. They are designed to break the ice and get the conversation flowing. Examples are questions like"Did it take you long to get here","Did you find the place all right","Were you able to find parking " Most of these just require a"yes, no problem" type of response ; you can elaborate if you wish. However, ensure that you don’t provide information that will give them a bad impression . If you say something like"It took me ages to get here. The traffic was so bad; I hate traveling to this side of town", it would not make a good impression. If this is the place where you would be working, they would automatically be worried that you will be late for work everyday . More questions will be asked to find out a bit more about you. They might be historical questions regarding your previous
Unit1 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. "We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is li kely to be that everyone is in a rush -- often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace
新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册答案 Uint 1 II. Basic Listening Practice 1. Script W: Have you chosen your electives for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again? M: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m going to take marketing as an elective instead. Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective? 2. Script M: Did you go to that business strategy lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes. W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah has got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s lecture; he takes attendance in that. Q: What does the woman tell the man? 3. Script W: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?
M: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here preparing for an exam on Monday. Q: Why is the man in the library? 4. Script W: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine’s doing a terrible job. M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzan’s never around. I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzan realize that this is their last chance. Q: What is true of Steven and Suzan? 5. Script W: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you? What’s it like? M: It’s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the cost of food and housing. But the teaching is first-class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching, that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed. Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first-class? Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A III. Listening In
新视野大学英语_第二版_第三册课后习题答案 新视野第三册答案 Unit 1 Section A. The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams 《读写教程 III》: Ex. II, p. 9 1. Because this is a title bought with stolen money. The guy’s real name is Anthony Williams. 2. It’s small, with a population of only 320. 3. No. He looks like a Scottish noble, soft-spoken and wealthy. 4. The truth is that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lord at all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scottish Yard. 5. He stole more than eight million pounds over eight years and poured about five million pounds into the village. 6. Most of the stolen money was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities against the Irish Republican Army. 7. He used the money to buy an estate, a beautiful home, and a dozen noble titles. But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into the village, buying multiple cottages, a pu b and a run-down hotel and turning them into very good-looking places. 8. His bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank’s management. The bank then notified the police, who discovered that the criminal was one of their own. 9. Because in the eyes of some villagers Williams is a helper, pouring most of his stolen money into the village and giving jobs to 43 people. 10. He said in an interview after he was arrested: “I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be described as
《新视野》第三册第三单元 Unit 3 Section A Where Principles Come First 1. Pre-reading 1.1 Background information The Hyde School In 1966, Joseph W. Gauld founded the first Hyde School in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of conflicting priorities. His search for a new approach in education led to a program that valued attitude over aptitude, effort over ability, and character over talent. This emphasis creates a learning environment where students experience success with integrity, the kind of success that lasts a lifetime. Bath (巴斯) (贴图) Baltimore (最好有贴图) Baltimore is a city of northern Maryland on an arm of Chesapeake Bay northeast of Washington, DC. It has been a busy port since the 18th century. A city on the move with new attractions, Baltimore is an exciting city with charming neighborhoods, ethnic and cultural diversity, and a wealth of history. New Haven (纽黑文, 耶鲁大学所在地)(贴图) 1.2 Topic-related listening 1. 3 Topic-related discussion 2. While-reading 2.1 Global reading 2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text 1) What is the Hyde School famous for? (Its work with troubled students.) 2) How is the Hyde curriculum different from conventional schools that provide preparation for college? (In the Hyde School, all students are required to take performing arts and sports, and provide a community service. For each course, students get a grade for academic achievement and for “best effort”.) 3) How are faculty evaluations done in the Hyde School? (They are conducted by the students.) 4) What is the biggest obstacle for many parents? (To realize their own weaknesses.) 2.1.2 Understand organization of the text 1) Main idea of the text The text is about the Hyde School’s successful search for a new approach in education, which is centered upon teaching students the merit of such values as truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. 2) Text structure analysis Part One (Para. 1-2) To feed the reader’s ________ about “Where Principles Come First”,
新视野三版读写B2U4Text A College sweethearts 1I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so much more mature than we,their parents,when we were college sweethearts.Linda,who's21,had a boyfriend in her freshman year she thought she would marry,but they're not together anymore.Melissa,who's19,hasn't had a steady boyfriend yet.My daughters wonder when they will meet"The One",their great love.They think their father and I had a classic fairy-tale romance heading for marriage from the outset.Perhaps,they're right but it didn't seem so at the time.In a way, love just happens when you least expect it.Who would have thought that Butch and I would end up getting married to each other?He became my boyfriend because of my shallow agenda:I wanted a cute boyfriend! 2We met through my college roommate at the university cafeteria.That fateful night,I was merely curious,but for him I think it was love at first sight."You have beautiful eyes",he said as he gazed at my face.He kept staring at me all night long.I really wasn't that interested for two reasons.First,he looked like he was a really wild boy,maybe even dangerous.Second,although he was very cute,he seemed a little weird. 3Riding on his bicycle,he'd ride past my dorm as if"by accident"and pretend to be surprised to see me.I liked the attention but was cautious about his wild,dynamic personality.He had a charming way with words which would charm any girl.Fear came over me when I started to fall in love.His exciting"bad boy image"was just too tempting to resist.What was it that attracted me?I always had an excellent reputation.My concentration was solely on my studies to get superior grades.But for what?College is supposed to be a time of great learning and also some fun.I had nearly achieved a great education,and graduation was just one semester away.But I hadn't had any fun;my life was stale with no component of fun!I needed a boyfriend.Not just any boyfriend.He had to be cute.My goal that semester became: Be ambitious and grab the cutest boyfriend I can find. 4I worried what he'd think of me.True,we lived in a time when a dramatic shift in sexual attitudes was taking place,but I was a traditional girl who wasn't ready for the new ways that seemed common on campus.Butch looked superb!I was not immune to his personality,but I was scared.The night when he announced to the world that I was his girlfriend,I went along
新视野大学英语3课文翻译 第一课无限的爱 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。
新视野读写教程第三册第三单元测试题（二级） 试卷编号：T7-U3-RW3-HJW 考试时间：60 分钟 满分：45 分 Part 1 Understanding Short Conversations (Each item: 1) Directions:In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. 1. A. In China. B. In Japan. C. In Korea. D. At home. 2. A. To reduce the size of the head office. B. To help the company make more money. C. To try new Japanese techniques. D. To learn from Japanese companies. 3. A. The things the man has learned. B. The success the man has found. C. The ways the man has changed his life. D. The attitude of learning the man has adopted. 4. A. The man can't make his own interviews. B. The man hasn't ever worked in business. C. The man doesn't teach kids about business. D. The man doesn't want a new job.
Unit 1 1学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。 2我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。 3到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。 4好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不。大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。 5直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。 6网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。 7我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。 8学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
Never, ever give up! 1 As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. 英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔小时候就读于一所名为哈罗的公立学校。他不是一个好学生，如果他不是来自一个有名的家庭，他可能会因为背离校规而被开除出学校。谢天谢地，他在哈罗大学毕业了，他的错误并没有妨碍他继续上大学。他最终有了一个陆军总理的职业生涯，后来他被选为首相。他以机智、智慧、公民责任和在二战黑暗的日子里拒绝投降的勇气而出名。他惊人的决心有助于激励他的整个国家，也是全世界的灵感来源。 2 Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" 在他担任总理的时期即将结束之际，他被邀请在他的旧学校哈罗向爱国青年发表演讲。校长说：“年轻的先生们，我们这个时代最伟大的演讲者，几天后将到这里向你们讲话，你们应该听从他给你们的任何合理建议。”伟大的一天到来了。温斯顿爵士站了起来，他身高五英尺五英寸，体重107公斤，简短而清晰地说：“年轻人，永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！从不，从不，从不，从不！” 3 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas —none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. 个人历史、教育机会、个人困境——这些都不能抑制致力于成功的坚强精神。没有任务太难。准备的时间不要太长或太难。以我们这个时代最有学术价值的两位科学家为例，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生。双方都面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评。两人都被老师称为“学习慢”，并被他们的老师当作白痴注销。托马斯·爱迪生逃学是因为他的老师因为问太多问题而不断鞭打他。爱因斯坦直到九岁时才说得流利，他是一个很穷的学生，有些人认为他无法学习。然而，两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们每天都和儿子们一起努力工作，孩子们学会了永远不要绕开他们要成功所需的长时间辛勤工作。最后，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都克服了童年时代的迫害，继续取得了有利于当今世界的伟大发现。
精品文档 Unit 3 – Section A Language Focus – Words in Use 1. Ernest Hemingway's keen insight into his society, ardent love for people and perceptive abilities helped him to form his own (peculiar) characteristic of writing. 2. The project is on the point of collapse, and unless something very (radical) is done to repair the damage there will be no hope for the project. 3. It's not unusual for teenagers to go through a(n) (phase) when they feel ashamed of their parents, afraid that they might not live up to their friends' standards. 4. It is (sensible) for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake. 5. Economists are interested in all the factors that can help to (predict) the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand in the market. 6. Starting Monday, all foods (labeled) "organic" must be up to the strict national standards that the government decided to put into effect now. 7. There is more to a woman than her looks, so I (resent) the fact that after a woman grows old and loses her looks people stop paying attention to her. 8. Apart from technological development, the 20th century (witnessed) an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation. 9. Unlike the practice in China, if you're at a hotel restaurant in the United States, expect a 15-20 percent service charge or add the (equivalent) amount yourself. 10. The change in smoking habits (parallels) a change in the incidence of lung cancer. The more people smoke, the more chances of occurrence for lung cancer. Word Building 1.chaos 2.drama 3.academic 4.depress 5.detect 6.erode 7.classify 8.confusion 9.cooperation 10.dictation 11.right 12.journalist 1.chaotic 2.dramatic 3.academy 4.depression 5.detection 6.erosion 7.classification 8.confuse 9.cooperate 10.dictate 11.rightist 12.journal