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高考英语概要写作必须掌握的技巧与口诀(8页)

高考英语概要写作必须掌握的技巧与口诀(8页)
高考英语概要写作必须掌握的技巧与口诀(8页)

高考英语概要写作必须掌握的技巧与口诀

一、概要写作总体介绍

1.题型介绍

◆选材特点

(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内;

(2)所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

◆评分参考

阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:

(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;

(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;

(3)上下文的连贯性;

(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

【注意】理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

2.考查能力

概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘要。写概要时,读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来。

这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的

能力,同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

二、概要写作步骤和方法

1.概要的写作步骤

1)确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句,一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。

2)寻找关键词。分析主题句意义,确定关键词,关键词一般体现为名词、形容词,关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。

3)重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推,反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的,它基本决定了概括的质量。

4)重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句,可以是补充过程或者提供证据。

【口诀】简括为:缩长见短,省却细腻。

括:概括性。

见:间接引语。

短:短的连词。

细腻:细节和例子。

2.写概要写作的具体方法

定时态:如果阅读材料是过去时,那么基本时态用过去时;如果是现在的,那么基本时态用现在时;不过,模板的开头语一般为现在时,如The passage tells us that .

定人称:一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。(特殊如书信的,可能会使用第一、二人称)

定技巧:结合相关技巧,重新组句。

1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法

I d idn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.

I didn’t catch any fish I was not patient.

2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法

You will fail. = You will .

3)Change the part of speech词性转换法

Patience is very important.

Patience is of .

4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法

语态变换:Parents should give children more praise.

→Children should more praise.

简单句变复合句:

Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster. Children should be encouraged more, will help them learn faster.

5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法

注意使用一些短而精的连词,如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。

We should encourage children. We should not scold them.

We should encourage children scolding them.

6) Change the order of the words.词序改变法

下列是常规的实用技巧:

Skill1: Omit (省略) the details

Skill2: Omit the repetitions

Skill3: Omit the examples

Skill4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech

写概要时可以采用下列几种小技巧

1.删除细节

只保留主要观点。

2.避免重复

在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在概要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

3.删除具体例子

不过,阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的,如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的,如删除具体例子,则概括很难达到30个词,那就选择一至两个例子(即一两个主要节日)。

注:原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

4.使用概括性的名词代替具体的词

比如:

“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

可以概括为:“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”

5.把长段的描述变成简单的句子

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么只要把它们变成一两句即可。

6.压缩长的句子

如下列两例:

“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”

可以概括为:“He was very brave in battle.”

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”

可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.”

7.掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架

记叙文:what / who / when / where / why / how

议论文:opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)

说明文:phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)

新闻:a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs

8.其他技巧

可以使用词组代替整句或者从句;

把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。

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