导论———语法层次 0.1 词素 1）自由词素 2）粘附词素 0.2 词 1）简单词、派生词、符合词 2）封闭词类和开放词类 0.3 词组 1）名词词组 2）动词词组 3）形容词词组 4）副词词组 5）介词词组 0.4分句 1）独立分句和从属分句 2）简单分句和复杂分句 3）主句和从句 4）限定分句、非限定性分句、无动词分句0.5 句子 1）完全句和不完全句 2）简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句 第1讲句子结构 1.1 主谓结构和句子分析 1）主语和谓语 2）句子分析 1.2 基本句型及其转换与扩大 1）基本句型 2）基本句型的转换与扩大 第2讲主谓一致（一） 2.1指导原则 1）语法一致 2）意义一致和就近原则 2.2 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1）以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称 2）以-s结尾的学科名称 3）以-s结尾的地理名称 4）其他以-s结尾的名词 2.3 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题 1) 通常作复数的集体名词 2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词 3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 4）a committee of 等+复数名词
第3讲主谓一致（二） 3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题 1）由and/both... And 连接的并列主语 2）由or/nor/either...or 等连接的并列主语 3）主语+as much as 等 4）主语+as well as 等 3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一直问题1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 2) 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题 1）以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题 2）以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题 3）关系分句中的主谓一致问题 4）分裂句中的主谓一致问题 5）存在句中的主谓一致问题 第4讲 4.1 名词分类和名词词组的句法功能 1）名词分类 2）名词词组的句法功能 4.2 名词的数 1）规则复数和不规则复数 2）集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数4.3 单位词 1）一般表示个数的单位词 2）表示形状的单位词 3）表示容积的单位词 4）表示动作状态的单位词 5）表示成双、成对、成群的单位词 第5讲 5.1 名词属格的构成、意义和用法 1）名词属格的构成 2）名词属格的意义 3）名词属格的用法 5.2 独立属格和双重属格 1）独立属格 2）双重属格 第6讲限定词（一） 6.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 1）能与三类名词搭配的限定词 2）只能与单数名词搭配的限定词 3）只能与复数名词搭配的限定词
新编英语语法教程（第6版）第21讲练习参考答案Ex. 21A was sorry to learn… will be sad to hear… would be very surprised to receive… is happy to have found… was afraid to go… was pleased to hear… am very anxious to meet you. were delighted to receive your telegram. were sensible to stay indoors. clerk was prompt to answer the call. rule is easy to remember. are reluctant to leave this neighbourhood. house is difficult to heat. you ready to leave would be foolish to go out in this weather. is quick to see the point. is very keen to get on. are proud to have him as a friend. was rude not to answer your letter. are happy to have you with us this evening. Ex. 21B decision to resign surprised all of us. showed no inclination to leave.
新编英语语法教程（第六版）第02讲练习参考答案 Ex. 2A 1. SVC Within the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller. 2. SV The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground. 3. SVO On August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima. 4. SvoO Three days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow. 5. SVOC The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expense of reddish rubble. 6. SV A Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot. 7. SVOA A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal, and wood over the ground.
第一讲句子结构 改写句子(必考）！！！ 1.WaldenPond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of many stands. 2.Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through ou r bedroom windows,marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome. /Swepping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the cooling northeast wind madeв?| 3.The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow,which fed two st reams plunging down to join in the valley below. 4.With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this is a good spot for a picnic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll. 5.Panting for breath after running up the stairs,Mr wood stood at his neighbourв? s door and knocked again and again till someone opened it. 6.The town folk envied horace,who had come into a small fortune with which he bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town. 7.Standing in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the big change that had come over him in recent years. 8.The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive him almost drove hime mad. 9.The story,written in plain language,consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in17th century France. 10.Mud-covered and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot brot h prepared by his father to drive off the chill. 11.Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pime trees growing on the steep of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions. 12.Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a l amp-post, listening to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the oppsite si de of the street. 13.Sarah sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,
语法翻译 P68 1.今天上午你干了多少活儿？（work） How much work have you done this morning? 2.开凿隧道需要大量的劳动力。（labour） To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour 3.他做了最少的工作。（work） He’s done the least work. 4.处理这一问题有几种方法。（method） There are several methods of approaching this problem 5.我不懂多少语法。I know little French. 6.少说空话（empty talk）多干事实（practical work） There must be less empty talk but more practical work. 7.有多少人出席招待会吗？ There must be less empty talk but more practical work. 8.我可以和你谈几句话吗？（words） May I have a few words with you? 9.今天参观展览会的人数比昨天少。 There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday. 10.哈利犯的错误最少。（Harry） Harry made the fewest mistakes. 11.我读的诗（poetry）和做的练习都比较多。 You’ve learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have. 12.杰克做的工作最多，犯的错误也最多。 Jack’s done the most work and made the most mistakes.
《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语Introduction: Grammatical Hierarchy (导论—语法层次) 2. Parts of speech (word class) 3. Phrases 词组 4. Clause 分句 5. Sentence 句子 1. Morpheme 词素 Free morpheme 自由词素 Bound morpheme 粘附词素 Allomorph 词素变体 Noun phrase Verb phrase Adjective phrase Adverb phrase Preposition phrase Conjunction
Lecture 1 Sentence Structure（L1）Sentence elements: S (subject) 主语V (predicate verb) 谓语动词 O (object) 宾语 C (complement) 补足语 A (Adverbial) 状语 1. Two ways of sentence analysis 1) SVO Sentence Clause NP VP NP Subject Predicate verb Object All the man have done their best. Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Predicate Verb + Object, Complement, Adverbial, etc.) ●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。 2) Subject + Predicate (= operator + predication) Sentence Clause Subject Predicate Operator Predication All the man have done their best. ●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（operator）和述谓成分（predication）。 2. Basic clause types SVC, SV, SV A, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SV oO Lecture 2 Subject-Verb Concord （L2-3） Guiding principles: Grammatical Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity 语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则 Nominal clause Non-finite clause Relative clause Cleft sentence Existential clause 名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句Lecture 3 Noun and Noun Phrase（L4-5） 1. Classification of nouns
《英语语法与写作》课程教学大纲 课程编码：学分：2 总学时： 40 说明 【课程性质】 英语语法与写作是高等学校英语语言学习的必修课程，是本科段的重点基础课程。 【教学目的】 其目的旨在使高校英语专业学生系统地认识英语从词到句乃至语篇的构造，提高英语写作的规范性，学会用英语准确地，有效地传递信息和表达思想。 【教学任务】 本课程是一门基础技能训练课，通过传授比较系统和完整地英语语法知识和英语写作技巧，使学生学会运用语法规则于写作实践之中，提高实际运用英语的能力。经过对语法知识系统的讲练，使学生对英语语法的基本结构与规律有一个明确完整的概念，能较熟练的运用这些语法的基本规则分析解释各种语法现象。通过大量练习，尤其是结合大量的写作训练，在语言实践中以文章背景为语境，纠正语法错误及语言的错误使用，使学生的英语语言综合技能在质量上有较大的提高。 【教学内容】 本课程将英语语法与写作相结合，通过句子合并学习语法规则，通过规则讲解提高句子写作。每章包括语法和写作两部分。语法部分系统讲述了句子成分、短语、从句和句子等重要语法点的功能、形式、种类、以及在句子中运用的位置与标点。写作部分又分改错与改写两块。改错包括残缺句、不间断句、杂乱句等常见的写作错误。各单元提供相关写作错误的描述、实例以及改正方法。改写部分介绍了句子合并策略、句子重心、句内句间关联等句子写作技巧，旨在通过技巧的讲解和操练使学习者改变英语写作中的中文行文习惯，并将语法规则具体运用到语篇写作之中。 【教学原则和方法】 教学原则： 一、语法教学应该抓住形式，意义和用法三个环节，正确处理三者之间的关系。明确让学生掌握语言形式是基础，了解其意义是关键，学会使用才是真正的目的。
新编英语语法教程（第 6 版）第 12 讲练习参考答案 Ex. 12A 1.He is likely to let you down. 2.Our team is certain to win. 3.There appears to be no doubt about it. 4.John happened to be the only witness. 5.I chanced to be out of London at the time. 6.John doesn ’ t seem to be coming after all. 7.We’ re not supposed to play football on Sundays. 8.He is supposed to have arrived at five. 9.He’ s sure to be there. 10.They are certain to need help. 11.I think it’ s goingraintothis evening. 12.How am I to pay my debts? 13.The new building is going to be six storeys high. 14.You’ re not to talk like that. 15.He’ s likely to see her. 16.You’ ve got to be joking. 17.He tends to be stupid. 18.I fail to see what you mean. 19.We happened to be there. 20.I chanced to meet him in the park. 21.He appeared to enjoy the concert. 22.They seemed not to notice it. 23.The swimmer failed to reach the shore. 24.We were to have been married in May. 25.The purse was not to be found. 26.He was never to see his wife or children again. 27.It ’ s going to be a long time before we can reduce our prices. 28.John is bound to be in the office. 29.None of us can say what our future is to be. 30.He did not fail to keep his word. 12B 2. called off 3.carry out 4.catch up with 5.came round/to 6.cutting down 7.look ed
《新编英语语法教程》1-18讲参考答案---上外第五版
《新编英语语法教程》1-18讲参考答案 新编英语语法教程第01讲练习参考答案 Ex. 1A 1. A. his home work B. quickly, to play 2. A. The huge black horse B. the race 3. A. have thought about B. going into space 4. A. warms up and crawls B. out of the bag 5. A. one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescope B. because of the many rings that surround it 6. A. 165 years B. to complete its path, or orbit,around the sun 7. A. you and your brother B. How many pairs of shorts 8. A. the most expensive meal listed on the menu B. What 9. A. an “Outdoor Code” B. their members 10. A. can blow B. as fast as 180 miles (290 kilometers) an hour 11. A. The spiral of heated air and moist air B. to twist and grow and spin 12. A. The direction a hurricane’s spiral moves B. counterclockwise 13. A. does not shine B. At the north pole: for half of the year 14. A. The cold winds that
大学英语语法模似试题 1. Mr. and Mrs. Burns feel more comfortable on a ship than they would be if they any other way. A. would travel B. travelled C. are travelling D. have travelled 2. We that Jim be there. A. hope B. wish C. expect D .ask 3. Lucy is glad she didn^ t stay on the farm. She bored. A. may be B. will be C. could be D. might have been 4. The dean of studies would have come to see you had it been possible, but he so busy then. A. had been B. was C. were D. would be 5. They would certainly have come and helped us time. A. did they have C. had they have 6. If you were in better health, wc. A. would have allowed C. should allow 7. She cried for her A. departed B. being departed C. departing D. having departed _____________ in an important examination, one of the students in his class lost interest in his work A. Failing B. Failed C. Having been failed D. Having Failed 9. Tf it _____________ tomorrow, P 11 stay at home. A. rained B. will rain C. had rained D. rains 10. “Tt’ s getting very late. n “Yes, it’ s time __________________________ . ” A. that we left B. we leave C. we^ 11 leave D. we have 1 eft 1 Ule ______________ a bus to go there, but he preferred to walk. A. should have taken B. could take C. could have taken IX hadn^ t taken 12. _____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday- A. Tn spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 13- _____________ , we can hardly get to the station by sixclock. A. As it wi 11 be B. As it seemed C. As it is D. As if it seems 14. We hung out a lantern lest he ___________________ lost in the mist. A. gets B. get C. will get D. got 15- Tt is quite natural that such fears _______________________ . A. rise B. should arise C. should rise D. are arisen 16. Pm sorry to _________________ your private thoughts, but T think we should get on with some work. A. break in B. break on C. break in on D. break out 17. Do you think he will_________________ a cook wearing that hat? pass for B> pass as C. pass through D. pass on B. had they had D would they have ___________ you to join in the work last week. B. would allow D. had allowed 1 over. 8.
新编英语语法教程（第6版）第19讲练习参考答案 Ex. 19A 1. should 2. should 3. Would, should 4. would 5. should 6. would 7. should, would 8. should 9. should 10. would, would 11. should 12. would, would 13. should 14. would, would 15. should 16. should17. Should 18. would, should 19. would 20. should, should / would Ex. 19B 1.He may be working for Simons. 2.He may have been working for Simons. 3.He may be retiring next year. 4.He won’t be working now. 5.He’ll have heard it by now. 6.They may have been wondering what to do. 7.He can’t have lost it. 8.They must be waiting. 9.That might be true. 10.She should be home by now. 11.She may have left it at home. 12.I may have been mistaken. 13.You must have been disappointed. 14.She won’t have heard the news yet. 15.There must have been a mistake. 16.He won’t be there. 17.He can’t be there. 18.He couldn’t have made that mistake. 19.Will this be the one you want? 20.You will have been wondering all this time how it works. Ex. 19C 1. may 2. might have 3. may have 4. possibly 5. possible 6. perha ps 7. might 8. can 9. may have had 10. could 11. might be
26A 1.Jerry is very generous_______ (at, in, on, with) his money. 2. Please don’t get mad ________ (on, to, at, against) me. 3. Dane was quite agreeable_______ (with, to, in, about) my suggestion. 4. He was always attentive _______ (to, with, on, at) my ideas. 5. Fruit is rich_____ (with, in, of, for) vitamins. 6.She was very quick______ (about, at, on, in) bringing the dinner. 7.John was understandably awkward_____ (with, in, on, at) washing up. 8.She was eligible______ (to, at, for, about) an increase in salary. 9.His secret was safe_____ (from, on, with, in) them. 10.That book is identical_______ (in, for, with, of) an American one. 11.Donna was very quick________ (in, with, on, at) English. 12.She was deaf______ (of, to, at, on) his request to do her work. 13.Mr. Jones is very orthodox______ (with, at, of, in) his attitude to Shakespeare. 14.It was most presumptuous________ (of, at, in, on) them to behave like that. 15.Canned food may be deficient_______ (with, in, on, about) vitamins. 16.The weather is favorable__________ (to, in, on, for) football. 17.No one is exempt_______ (in, about, from, with) taxation in the United States. 18.The amount stated was exclusive_______ (from, of, in, on) tax. 19.Is the city noted_______ (in, about, on, for) its champagne? 20.They were averse_______ (on, to, at, after) my suggestion for free tickets. 21.Jock was completely devoid______ (of, at, in, to) humor. 22.My daughter was very sensible______ (to, at, of, with) his kindness. 23.His attitude was very destructive_______ (in, towards, about, to) achievement. 24.The bed was alive______ (in, with, to, on) bugs. 25.Mary is still inseparable______ (to, with, about, from) her mother. 26.Jim was impatient______ (of, with, at, on) his daughter. 27.Cathy was particular_______ (on, at. about, in) the jewellery she wore. 28.She is sick______ (in, for, on, with) flu. 29.I believe they are related_______ (on, by, with, at) marriage. 30.It is evident______ (of, at, to, from) his words that he is honest. 31.The director was critical______ (at, of, in, for) the way we were doing the work. 32.I’m useless______ (at, on, of, to) anything electrical. 33.Y ou were right_______ (at, about, in, of) Jim. 34.She’s marvelous_______ (on, of, at, with) grammar. 35.My friend is very liberal______ (on, with, of, in) his thinking about that subject. 36.This small suitcase is perfect______ (at, for, in, on) weekend trips. 37.The man was positive______ (at, on, with, of) the time the accident happened.
初中英语语法：情态动词讲解及练习情态动词讲解及练习（Modal Verbs） * 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词（Modal Auxiliaries）”，因为它和基本助动词（be,do, have）都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, shall, should,will, would，must,这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare等。 一、九大情态动词的时态关系： 1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might 3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would 5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替） 二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测” （1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”： 1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。（否定句） 2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗? （将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句） 3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。（只表示理论上的可能性） （2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”： 1. It may rain tomorrow. （表示可能会发生）明天可能会下雨。 2. It may snow later this afternoon. （表示预测）今天下午可能会下雪。 3. You might be right. （表示有可能）你可能是对的。 （3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”： 1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在一定好了。（will be 表示一定会） 2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母亲。（would be 表示肯定是） 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.
新编英语语法教程（第6版）第21讲练习参考答案 Ex. 21A 1.I was sorry to learn… 2.You will be sad to hear… 3.They would be very surprised to receive… 4.She is happy to have found… 5.I was afraid to go… 6.Bob was pleased to hear… 7.I am very anxious to meet you. 8.We were delighted to receive your telegram. 9.You were sensible to stay indoors. 10.The clerk was prompt to answer the call. 11.This rule is easy to remember. 12.We are reluctant to leave this neighbourhood. 13.Our house is difficult to heat. 14.Are you ready to leave? 15.You would be foolish to go out in this weather. 16.John is quick to see the point. 17.He is very keen to get on. 18.We are proud to have him as a friend. 19.I was rude not to answer your letter. 20.We are happy to have you with us this evening. Ex. 21B 1.His decision to resign surprised all of us. 2.He showed no inclination to leave. 3.Her resolution never to marry baffled all offers of love. 4.The City Council approved the proposal to build a new dam on the river. 5.Their readiness to accept the peace arrangement really surprised the diplomatic world. 6.He refused the invitation to write another article on the subject. 7.The people of a country should have the freedom to choose their own social system. 8.There is no need for you to start so early. 9.I am not under the obligation to render him any financial support. 10.They have the ability to wage biological warfare. 11.He is not a man to be frightened by the threat of war. 12.There are plans to be made at once. 13.This is a day never to be forgotten. 14.Give me the names of the people to contact. 15.The next train to arrive is from Edinburgh. 16.The last problem to be considered at our next meeting is how to invest the money. 17.Was Cortes the first European ever to see the Pacific Ocean?
新编英语语法教程第06讲练习参考答案 Ex. 6A (4A) 1. description 2. arrangement 3. attendance 4. peculiarity 5. expectation 6. argument 7. dependence 8. originality 9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity 12. persistence 13. extension 14. statement 15. generosity 16. entrance 17. loneliness 18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousness Ex. 6B (6E) 1. How much work have you done this morning? 2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour. 3. He’s done the least work. 4. There are several methods of approaching this problem. 5. I know little French. 6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work. 7. Were there many people at the reception? 8. May I have a few words with you? 9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday. 10. Harry made the fewest mistakes. 11. You’ve lear nt more poetry and done more exercises than I have. 12. Jack’s done the most work and made the most mistakes. 13. He’s done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes. 14. A millionaire has lots of money—and lots of worries. 15. Anna has enough worries b ecause she hasn’t got enough money. 16. The telephone rang every few minutes. 17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days. 18. Both his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2006. 19. Soon we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks. 20. My brother spent $ 500 for a second-hand car, but I spent almost twice the amount for the same stuff. 新编英语语法教程第07讲练习参考答案 Ex. 7A 1.experience