2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of Language
I. New w o rd s an d ex p ress io n s
Ne w wor ds
1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的
2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学
3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场
4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态
5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑
out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on
6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估
7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉
8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观
va lu abl e
in va lua bl e=pr ic el es s
va lu eles s
9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.
10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言
11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的
Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient
12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料
13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体
14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗
an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.
auth or i ze
15. c om par e v. 比较；对比
c om par e A w ith B
c om par e A t o B
16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材
17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的
18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致
19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设
20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例
in c as e
in c as e of f ir e
in c as e t hat…
a c as e i n po int
c onf irm ed/s us pec te
d c as es
21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地
22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现
23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的
va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）
in val i d
24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的
inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le
25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑
26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的
r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当
ir r ele va nt
27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的
28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的
ina ppr opr iat e
It's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….
29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向
30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地
c ons ider
c ons ider ing
c ons ider a bl e
c ons ider a te
c ons ider a tio n
31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民
32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者
33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达
34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的
wel l-inf or m ed
il l-inf or m ed
Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons
1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用
2. pu t f or th 提出；产生
3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及
4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真
5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地
II. T ext L earn in g
Cr itic a l R e ad ing
① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu ts
f or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di n
g i s ac tiv e
r eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）
本部分重点及难点：
1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor puts
f or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.
app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.
app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le
② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut hor f r om a diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.
(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos e
r epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.
本部分重点及难点：
2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.
s om e tim e
注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es
3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into ac c ount a n y d i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
thos e是代词，代替前面的复数名词val ues and atti tud es。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用tha t。例如：
T he s tudents i n your c las s ar e m or e har d-wor k ing tha n th os e i n his c las s. T he val ues of the yo u ng p eop le dif f er f r om thos e of th eir e ld er s.
Your vo ic e is m or e be autif ul tha t th at of yo ur c las s m ates.
T he pr ic e of that boo k is higher th an that of this on e.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】1. T he nec k lac e her s is ter is wear ing is m uc h m or e beautif ul th an ______ w or n b y Mar y.
A．th is
B．tha t
C．thes e
D．thos e
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查指代词thos e/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使
用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用thos e；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用t hat。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词
nec k lac e，故选A。此处that也可以换成the one。
【知识点】指代词tho s e/that的用法
③ Q ues ti on as s er ti on s m ade b y t he a uth or. D on't ac c ept w ha t is wr i tten at
f ac e val ue. Bef or e ac c eptin
g w
h at is wr itt e n, be c er ta
i n th at th e auth or
pr ov ides s uf f ic ient s u ppor t f or an y as s er t io ns m ade. Look f or f acts,
ex am ples, and s tatis t i c s that pr ov ide s u ppo r t.（承上句）A ls o, l ook to s ee if the a uthor has i nte gr ated the wor k of author it ies.
④ C om par e w hat is w r itten with oth er wr itt en wor k on the s ubj ec t. (4)Look to s ee th at w hat is wr i tten is c o ns is tent w ith wha t o ther s ha ve wr it ten abo ut the s ubj ec t. If ther e a r e inc ons is te nc ies, c a r ef ull y e va lu ate t h e s uppor t t he auth or pr o vid es f or th e inc o ns is tenc ies. （承上句）
本部分重点及难点：
4. Lo ok to s ee th at what is wr itte n is c o ns i s tent with what oth er s hav e
wr i tten ab out t he s u bj ec t.
be c ons is t ent w ith 与……一致
c ons is t v i. 组成（of）；在于（i n）；符合（wit h）
T he Unite d K in gdom c ons is ts of G r eat Br it ain and N or th er n Ir e l and.
T he beaut y of th e p la n c ons is ts i n its s im pl ic it y.
T his does n't c ons is t with what yo u t old m e ear l ier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。
c ons is t的派生词：c o ns is tent, inc o ns is ten t, c ons is tenc y, inc ons i s tenc y
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】2. T o tel l you the tr u th, I r ea ll y h ope th at yo ur ac ti ons wil l c ons is t ______ yo ur wor ds t h is tim e.
A．of
B．in
C．at
D．w ith
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查c on s is t的用法。c o ns is t o f意为"由……组成"；c ons is t i n 意为"在于"；c ons is t with意为"与……一致"，故选D。c o ns is t at不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。
【知识点】c ons is t的用法
⑤ Ana l yze as s um ptions m ade b y the a uth o r. (5)As s um ptions ar e wh ate ver the a uthor m us t bel ie ve is tr ue i n or d er to m ak e as s er tions. In m an y c as es, the aut hor's as s um ptions ar e n ot dir ec t l y s t ated. T his m eans yo u m us t r ead c ar ef ull y in or der t o i d ent if y an y as s um ptions.（承上启下句）O nc e yo u ide ntif y an as s um ptio n, yo u m us t dec id e w heth er or no t th e as s um ption is va lid.
⑥ E va luat e th e s our c es the auth or us es. I n doi ng t his, be c er ta in that t he s our c es ar e c r edi ble. F or ex am ple, E ins te in is a c r ed ib le s ou r c e i f the
auth or is wr it in g ab ou t la ndm ark ac hievem ents in ph ys ic s. A ls o b e c er tai n that t he s o ur c es ar e r ele va nt. Ei ns tei n is n ot a r e le va nt s our c e when the
s ubj ec t is poetr y.（承上句）F in al l y if the auth or is wr iti ng a bou t a s ubj ec t in its c ur r ent s tat e, b e s ur e th at th e s our c es ar e c ur r ent（启下句）. F or
ex am ple, s tudi es do n e b y E ins te in in the e ar l y 20t h c ent ur y m a y not be appr o pr iat e if the wr it er is dis c us s in g th e c ur r ent s tat e of k nowl e dge in
ph ys ic s.
⑦ Ide ntif y an y p os s ib le a uth or bi as. (6)A wr itten dis c us s io n of A m er ic an pol itic s wil l l ik el y loo k c ons ider a bl y d if f er ent de pen di ng o n w het her the
wr i ter is a D em oc r at or a Re pub lic a n. (7)W hat is wr itte n m a y v er y we ll
r ef lec t a bi as ed pos it i on. You ne ed t o tak e this p os s ibl e b ias i nto ac c ount when r e ad ing wha t t h e aut hor h as wr itt en w ith "a gr ai n of s alt."
⑧ B y b ein g a c r i tic a l r eader, yo u wi ll bec o m e better inf or m ed and m a y
c hange yo ur vie ws as appr o pr iat e.
本部分重点及难点：
5. As s um ptions ar e w hate ver t he a uth or m us t be lie ve is tr u e i n or der to
m ak e as s er tions.
whate ver引导的是表语从句，不能换成n o m atter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词e v er"不能换成"no m atte r+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：
W hoever c om es to ou r par t y is we lc om e. （不能换成no m atter who…）
He wi ll le nd a h elp in g han d to w ho ev er ne e ds his h elp. (不能换)
He wi ll bu y w hate v er his s on wants. （不能换）
W hatever yo u do, I wi ll s u ppor t yo u. (能换成no m atter what…)
6. A wr itt en d is c us s io n of Am er ic an po lit ic s w il l lik el y lo ok c ons ider ab l y
dif f er ent dep end in g o n whe ther t he wr iter i s a Dem oc r at or a Re pub lic an.
lik el y 在该句中是副词
lik el y adj. / ad v.
be l ik el y t o d o s th.
It's lik el y that…
a l ik el y r es u lt
Pr of it wi ll m os t lik el y hav e r is e n b y a bout ?2 m illio n. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）
lik el y的派生词：un l ik el y, l ik elih ood。例如：
T he lik elih ood of inf ec tion is m inim al. 感染的可能性极小。
7. W hat is wr itt en m ay v er y wel l r ef lec t a b ias ed pos it io n.
a bi as ed pos it io n
be b ias ed to/t o war d(s)/agai ns t
反义词：unb ias e d
III. 部分练习讲解
P111 Br idg in g th e G a p
Dir ec tio ns: F i ll in the bla nk s with a wor d or a phr as e tha t b es t c o m pletes the p as s age. Yo u m ay c ho os e a s u ita ble o ne f r om the lis t g iv en.
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词副词
def ine ac ti on po we r f ul int er na ll y
ex pr es s tear s per s on al
s hape s hap e go od
r es pond to
Lang uag e is o ne of th e thi ngs th at s ets us a par t as be in gs, one of the th in gs that es s en tia l l y 1 def i nes us as hum ans. W hen lan gua ge is us ed wel l it c a n elic it ver y d eep f eel in g i n o ther s, m otiv ate other s t o 2 ac ti on an d def ine th e natur e of our r el ati on s hips. S om etim es in poetr y th e j ux tap os iti on（并列）of two wor ds or a c er t ain phr as e c a n br i ng 3 tear s to the e yes, c all up a whol e h os t of im ager y and m ove us de epl y. W e have s e en lan gu age
r ec entl y us e d i n th e p oli tic s of per s uas i on, us ed f or4 go od or i ll -
depe nd ing on your vi e wpo int. W hen we us e lan gu age t o 5 ex pr e s s our tr ue f eelin gs to s om eone i t c an o pen and de epe n the c onn ec tio n be t ween us. Lang uag e is a v er y 6 po wer f ul t ool. Ho w we us e la ng uag e s hap es our wor l d both 7 i nter n al l y an d ex ter nal l y. H o w you u s e s elf-talk- what yo u s a y to yo ur s e lf about yo ur s elf and ab out t he wor ld dir ec tl y 8 s ha pes（塑造，使成形）yo ur ex per ienc e of both yo ur s elf and the wor ld. Ho w yo u d eli ver
c om m unic ation s hap e s the wa y t he w or ld9 r es ponds t o yo u. W e c an us e lan gua ge m or e ef f ec tive l y in bot h s pher es: inter n al an
d ex ter n al and
dir ec tl y i nf luenc e t he hea lth a nd p o wer of ou r10 per s on al r e lat io ns hips an d our bus i nes s r el ati on s hips.
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. c onf ide nc e n.自信心；把握
相关词：c onf ide nt
be c o nf ident of s b. / s th.
ha ve / los e c onf ide nc e in s b. / s th.
注意比较：c onf id en t / c onf ide nti al
2. pr ogr am v. 训练；培养
3. m as ter y n. 控制；驾驭
4. des t in y n. 命运；天命；天数
5. dr am atic al l y ad v. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地
6. qu al it y n. 质量；品质
7. s ubc ons c i ous adj. 下意识的；?意识的
8. p leas e v. 使满意；使愉快
9. c om m and n.（给人或动物的）命令
10. k no win gl y a dv. 故意地；蓄意地
11. im pac t n. 巨大影响；强大作用
12. m atter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响
13. c onf id ent adj. 自信的；有自信心的
14. s ens e n.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识
15. e lim inat e v. 排除；清除；消除
el im inate a ll gr am m atic a l m is tak es
be el im inated in t h e f ir s t r ound
16. d is em pow er v. 剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量
注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+po w er
en- / em-常见的动词前缀，如：e nab le,enr ic h, end ang er, e nl a r ge等。
em power v. 授权，赋予权利
17. s e lf-es teem n. 自尊（心）
18. lim it v. 限制；限定
区分两个名词lim it和lim itati on。
T her e is a lim it / ar e l im its to one's l if e.
T her e is no lim it / a r e no lim its to k nowle dge.
E ver yo ne has h is o wn l im itatio ns.
19. inf ini te a dj. 极大的；无法衡量的
相关词：f init e, f in it el y, i nf init el y
20. s tif le v. 压制；扼杀；阻止
21. c r eat iv it y n. 创造力
相关词：c r eate, c r eatio n, c r eat or, c r eat iv e, c r eati ve l y
22. inter n al adj. 内心的；头脑中的
23. ins ig nif ic ant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的
相关词：s ig nif ic ant, s ign if ic anc e, s i gnif ic antl y, ins i gn if ic anc e
24. c om m onl y a dv. 通常；常常
25. a lter n at iv e n. 可供选择的事物，替代物
ha ve no a lter nat iv e but t o d o s th.
Is ther e an y a lter n a tiv e to go ing to t he c i nem a?
26. f abu lous adj. 极好的；绝妙的
Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons
1. c ar r y o ut 完成（任务）
2. be up to 取决于
3. ha ve an im pac t on/upon 对…产生巨大影响
4. r ub … ou t 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）
5. be in c ontr o l of掌管；管理；控制
II. T ex t Lear n ing
T he Lang uag e of Con f idenc e
1 T he lang ua ge we us e pr ogr am s our br ains. Mas ter i ng o ur la ngu age g i ves us a gr ea t de gr ee of m as ter y o ver o ur li ve s and o ur des t in ies. It is
im por tant to us e th e l angu age in the bes t wa y pos s ib le in or der to
dr am atic all y im pr ove our qu al it y of lif e.
2 E ven the s m alles t o f wor ds c an ha ve t he deep es t ef f ec t on our
s ubc ons c ious m ind, w hic h is lik e a c h ild, a nd i t do es n't r ea ll y un der s tand the d if f er enc e bet w ee n wha t r ea ll y h app ens and w hat yo u im agin e. (1)It is eager t o p le as e an d wil li ng t o c ar r y o ut a n y c om m ands that yo u gi ve it -wheth er yo u do t his k no wi ng l y or no t is e nt ir el y u p to yo u.
"T r y"
3 It is a sm all wor d ye t it has an am a zi ng im pac t upo n us. If s om e one s a ys, "I'l l tr y to do th at" yo u k now th at th e y ar e no t goi ng t o b e pu tti ng t heir w ho le hear t int o i t, a nd m a y not e ve n d o it a t a ll. (2)Ho w of ten do yo u us e the wor d tr y wh en t alk ing abo u t the t hi ngs th at m atter to you? Do yo u s a y "I'l l tr y to be m or e c onf ident" or "I'l l tr y to do t hat" or "I'l l tr y to c a ll"?
4 T hink about s om ething that yo u woul d l ik e to ac hie ve, an d s a y it to
yo ur s e lf in t wo dif f er ent wa ys. F ir s tl y s a y, "I'll tr y to …" a nd not ic e ho w yo u f eel. Nex t s a y, "I w il l do …" a nd s e e ho w you f eel.
5 (3)T he latter m ak es you f ee l bet ter tha n t he f ir s t one, d oes n't i t? It g iv es yo u a s ens e of deter m ination, a f eel ing th at it wi ll be don e. L is t en to the peop le ar ou nd you an d whe n th e y s a y the y w il l tr y not ic e if it g et s done or not. El im inate t he w or d tr y f r om your dic t io nar y and s ee h o w you r lif e
im pr oves.（承上句）
本部分重点及难点：
1. It is eag er t o p le as e a nd w i ll ing to c ar r y out an y c om m ands th at you g iv e it - w heth er yo u do thi s k nowin gl y or not is entir e l y u p to yo u. 它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
(1) c ar r y ou t c om m ands执行命令
(2) be up t o s b. 取决于某人
例如：It's up t o you whet her we go ther e or not.
2. Ho w of ten d o you u s e the w or d tr y wh en talk ing a bou t th e th in gs that
m atter to you?
m atter v. be im por tant
例如：As l ong as s taf f ar e sm ar t, it does not m atter ho w lo ng t h eir ha ir is.员工只要聪明，头发留多长没什么关系。
It m atte r s a lot w he ther yo u c om e to m y bir thd a y par t y or not.
3. T he lat ter m ak es you f eel bett er th an t h e f ir s t one, does n't it?
the f or m er…the la tt er…
"C an't"
6 T his is a noth er s m all w or d w it h a bi g im pac t. It dis em po wer s us, m ak es us
f eel weak and he lp les s, a nd dam ages our s elf-es teem. (4)It lim its our
inf ini te a bi lit ies and s tif les c r eati vi t y. Ru b i t out f r om yo ur int er n al
dic ti onar y a nd r ep lac e it w it h s om ething th at m ak es yo u f eel gr e at.
本部分重点及难点：
4. It lim its our i nf init e abi li ties and s t if les c r eati vit y.
(1) inf ini te的词根是f inite，其它相关词：f inite l y, inf in ite l y, f in it enes s/f init y, inf ini ten es s/inf in it y。
(2) c r eati vit y的词根是c r eate。注意区分两个名词：c r eat io n / c r eati vi t y。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】3. 选择括号内所给单词的正确形式填空：A s m all wor d lik e "c an't" lim its our ______ (f ini te) ab i l iti es an d d is c our ages _______(c r eat e).
A．f init e, c r eat ing
B．f init e, c r eat ion
C．inf in ite, c r e ati vi t y
D．inf in ite, c r e ati on
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查f init e及c r eate的派生词。第一个空格要填的词作abi li ties 的定语，故选择形容词；第二个空格要填的词作d is c our age的宾语，根据句义"c an't这样的小词限制了我们无限的能力并压制了我们的创造性"，故选C。【知识点】f init e及c r eate的派生词
7 Ins te ad of s a yi n g you c an't,wh y n ot s a y s om ethin g l ik e "I c ho os e（愿意）…" or "I c hoos e not t o …". Us i ng w or ds lik e this al lo ws yo u to t ak e bac k yo ur po w er an d to be in c ontr o l of yo ur lif e.
8 W or ds m a y ap pear sm all a nd ins i gnif ic an t, ye t t he y c an ha ve a dee p a n d las ti ng ef f ec t on us. (5)Mas ter i ng yo ur l ang uage gi ves yo u th e po w er to li ve whate ver lif e you des i r e.
9 W hat wor ds do yo u us e a lot t hat dis em po wer yo u? Mak e a lis t of wor ds yo u c om m onl y us e a n d the n wr it e n ex t to t hem s om e al ter nat iv e s you c a n us e. （承上句）(6)Mak e thes e a lter n ati v es wor ds tha t m ak e you f eel
f abulous, n ot on l y ab o ut yo ur s elf, but a bout lif e and what you ar e doi ng!（承上句）
本部分重点及难点：
5. Mas t er in g yo ur lan guag e g iv es yo u t he po wer t o l i ve whate ve r lif e yo u des ir e.
gi ve … the po w er相当于em pow er，该句等于Mas ter ing yo ur l angu age
em power s yo u t o l iv e whate ver lif e you des i r e.
6. Mak e thes e a lter na tiv es wor ds th at m ak e yo u f eel f abu lo us, no t on l y abou t yo ur s elf, but ab out l if e and wh at yo u ar e doi ng!让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧！(1) m ak e在这里接名词作宾补，即m ak e s b. / s th. s th.，再如：W e m ade him our m onitor.
(2) m ak e you f ee l f ab ulo us，m ak e接do s th.作宾补。
(3) not o nl y…but (a ls o)…
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. s pi ll v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出
2. r es pon d v. 作出反应；响应
r es pon d to…
r es pons e
3. i nter v ie w v. （媒体）采访，访问
4. c r eati ve adj. 创作的
5. oc c ur v. 发生；出现
It oc c ur r ed to m e that…
6. r em ove v. 拿开；去掉
7. r ef r iger ator n. 冰箱
8. gr i p n. 紧握；紧抓
9. s li pper y a dj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）
10. c on tent n. 所容纳之物；所含之物
11. ver it ab le adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的
12. ye ll v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫
13. lec tur e n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责
14. m es s n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁
15. r ar e l y ad v. 罕有；很少；不常
r ar e an im als / s tam ps
Rar el y is he la te f o r c las s.
16. p udd le n. 水洼；小水坑
17. e ve ntu al l y 最后；终于
18. r es tor e v. 使复原；使复位；使复职
19. s po nge n. 海绵块
20. ef f ec tive l y ad v. 有效地
ef f ec tive
in ef f ec tive
注意区分：ef f ec tive / ef f ic ient
21. t in y a dj. 极小的；微小的
22. d is c ov er v. 了解到；认识到；查明
dis c o ver y
23. gr as p v. 抓紧；抓牢
24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
25. r en o wn ed adj. 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的
26. r em ark v. 谈论；评论
27. o ppor t un it y n. 机会；时机
28. s c ie ntif ic adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的
s c ienc e
s c ient is t
例如：
T he m edic al s c ienc e is m ak ing gr eat pr o gr es s in the tr eatm ent of c anc er.
Yo u s hou ld pr o v ide s c ientif ic ev ide nc e i n s tead of s ubj ec tiv e ev ide nc e to pr ove th is the or y hol d s wa ter.
Se ver a l w or ld-r en o w ned s c i ent is ts wil l b e in v i ted to atte nd t h e f or um. 29. va lua ble adj. 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的
Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons
1. i n th is m anner用这种方式
2. s et…apar t f r om区别；使与众不同
II. T ex t Lear n ing
Spi lt Mi lk
① H av e yo u h ear d of the s tor y abo ut s pl it m ilk? (1)W ell, we a ll k now ther e is no us e c r yi ng ov e r s plit m ilk. But t his s to r y is d if f er ent. I wo ul d ho pe a ll par ents w ou ld r es p on d in th is m anner.
② I r ec entl y he ar d a s tor y ab out a f am ous res ear c h s c ientis t（研究科学家，高级研究员）who h a d m ade s ever al ver y i m por tant m edic al br e ak thr oughs.
(2)He was int er v ie w e d b y a ne ws p aper r ep or ter who as k ed him wh y h e was s o m uc h m or e c r eativ e tha n th e a ver a ge pe r s on; what s et h im s o f ar apar t
f r om other s?
③ He r es po nde d t hat, in h is o pi nio n, it al l c am e f r om an ex per ie n c e wit h his m other that oc c ur r ed w hen he was ab out t w o ye ar s o ld. (3)H e h ad b een
tr yin g to r i o ve a b ott l e of m ilk f r om the r ef riger at or whe n he los t his gr ip on the s lip per y b ott le an d i t f el l, s p il li ng its c o ntents al l o ver t he k itc hen f lo or - a ver ita ble s ea of m ilk!
④ W hen his m other c am e into the k itc hen, ins t ea d of yel li ng at h im, givin g him a lec tur e, or pu ni s hing him, s he s aid," (4)Rober t, what a gr e at an d wond er f ul m es s you h ave m ade! I have r ar e l y s e en s uc h a h uge p udd le of m ilk. W ell, the dam age has a lr ead y b een d one. W ould yo u l ik e to get do wn and pla y i n t he m ilk for a f ew m inutes bef o r e we c le an it up?"
⑤ Inde ed, h e di d. Af t er a f ew m inutes, his m other s aid，"You k no w, Rob er t, when ev er yo u m ak e a m es s lik e this, eve ntu all y you ha ve t o c lea n it up and r es tor e e ver yt hi ng t o its pr op er or der. So, ho w woul d you l ik e to do t hat?
W e c ould us e a s pon g e, a t o we l, or a m op. W hic h do yo u pr ef er?" he c hos e the s po nge an d to get her the y c l ea ned up t he s pi lt m ilk.
⑥ H is m other the n s a id, "You k no w, w hat w e ha ve her e is a f ai le d
ex per im ent i n ho w to ef f ec tivel y c ar r y a b ig m ilk bottle with t wo t i n y ha nds. Let's g o o ut in th e b ac k yar d an d f il l the bo tt le wit h water and s ee if yo u c an dis c ov er a wa y to c ar r y i t wit hou t dr opp in g i t." (5)T he l ittl e bo y le ar ned th at if he gr as p ed t he b ott le a t th e to p ne ar th e lip wit h b oth han ds, h e c oul d
c ar r y it w ith out dr op pi ng i t. W hat a w on
d er f ul les s on!（承上总结句）
⑦ (6)T he r eno wn ed s c ient is t r iar k ed that it was at t hat m om ent that h e
k new he di dn't nee d t o be af r aid to m ak e m is tak es. (7)Ins tead, h e le ar ne d that m is tak es wer e j u s t opp or tun it ies f or l e ar nin g s om ethin g ne w, wh ic h is, af ter all,wha t s c ien tif ic ex per im ents ar e a ll abo ut. Ev en if the ex per im ent "do es n't wor k," we us ual l y le ar n s om ethin g va lua bl e f r om it.
⑧ (8)W ouldn't it b e g r eat if al l p ar ents wou ld r es po nd the wa y R ober t's
m other r es ponded to him?
本文重点及难点：
1. W ell, w e a ll k no w t her e is no us e c r yi ng over s p lit m ilk.
T her e / It is n o us e c r yi n g o ver s p il t m ilk. 覆水难收。
2. He was in ter v ie w ed b y a ne ws pap er r epo r ter wh o as k ed him wh y he was s o m uc h m or e c r eativ e tha n th e a ver a ge pe r s on; what s et h im s o f ar apar t
f r om other s?
(1) who as k ed wh y … f r om o ther s定语从句，修饰先行词 a ne ws paper
r epor ter。
(2) wh y h e was s o m uc h m or e c r eativ e th an the a ver a ge p er s on和what s et him s o f ar apar t f r om other s都是as k的直接宾语。
(3) the a ver a ge per s o n 普通人
(4) s et him s o f ar apar t f r om other s使他特别有别于他人，使他和别人有很大不同。f ar在这里是副词，加强程度。
注意区分：s o f ar迄今为止，到目前为止。相当于b y no w, up t o n o w, as ye t。So f ar he has m as ter ed f iv e f or eig n l ang ua ges.
3. H e had bee n tr yin g to r io ve a b ottl e of m ilk f r om the r ef r iger ator when he los t h is gr i p on the s li pper y bot tl e an d i t f el l, s pi ll in g its c o nten ts al l o ver the k itc hen f lo or- a v er itab le s ea of m ilk!他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是--白花花的一片。
4. Ro ber t, what a gr e at an d wo nder f ul m es s you ha ve m ade!感叹句。
注意what和ho w的区别：
W hat a s lo wer walk er he is!
Ho w s lo w l y h e is walk ing!
5. T he litt le bo y l ear n ed th at if h e gr as ped the b ottl e at t he t op n ear the li p with bot h ha nds, h e c oul d c ar r y it w itho ut d r oppi ng it.
(1) gr as pthe bot tle at the t op
v.+s b./s th.+介词+t he +身体部位/衣服
(2) with out dr opp in g i t作状语。再如：
T om lef t with out s a yi ng g ood-b ye.
He r an out (w ith out) s a yi ng a g ood.
6. T he r eno w ned s c ie ntis t r i ar k ed that it w as at th at m om ent tha t he k ne w he d idn't ne ed t o b e a f r aid to m ak e m is tak es.
宾语从句是强调结构i t was…t hat…。注意区分强调结构和it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。例如：
It was i n th is par k tha t the y f ir s t m et eac h other.
It was th is par k wh er e/in wh ic h th e y f ir s t m et eac h other.
It is im por tant that we lear n a f or ei gn lan gu age w el l.
7. Ins te ad, he lear ne d tha t m is tak es wer e j us t oppor t uni ties f or lear n in g
s om ethin g ne w, wh ic h is, af ter al l, what s c ie ntif ic ex per im ents ar e all ab out.相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。
8. W ouldn't i t be gr eat if all par ents wou ld r es pond t he w a y R ober t's m other r es pond ed t o h im?
该句是个反问句，相当于语气很强烈的肯定句。
(1) the wa y R ob er t's m other r es ponded to him作状语，相当于in the wa y …。再如：
He l ear ne d m one y w a s not e ver yth ing the h ar d wa y.
(2) the wa y s b. do es/did s t h.某人做某事的方式
I lik e the wa y s he dr e s s es her s elf.
Peo pl e do n't th e wa y he ta lk s.
III. 部分练习讲解
P128 Br idg in g th e G a p
Dir ec tio ns: F i ll in the bla nk s with a wor d or a phr as e tha t b es t c o m pletes the p as s age. Yo u m ay c ho os e a s u ita ble o ne f r om the lis t g iv en.
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词副词介词连词
f ear f ear unav oid abl e wis el y wit hout s o tha t
r eac h s uc c es s und er as lo ng as r e ac h bet ween
Lots of peo pl e do n't d ar e to m ak e m is tak es. T he y 1 f ear th at t he y w il l b e
r idic u led or b lam ed b y o ther s. T he y f ear th at t he y w il l l os e t he ir m one y an d bel ong ings or b e 2 u n der a lot of s tr es s. But r is k s ar e 3 una vo id abl eand th e y do pa ve th e w a y yo u m us t tr ead（踩，踏）upon to war ds 4 s uc c c es s. H av e yo u e ver h ear d of s o m eone w ho ac h ie ves s uc c es s 5 wi tho utm ak ing an y
m is tak es bef or e?
So it is onl y nat ur al t hat m ak ing m is tak es in yo ur ef f or t to 6 r eac h yo ur
dr eam s is c ons ider ed a m us t, and yo u s h o uld n't wor r y ab out tha t as yo u
m ay get a lot of adv a ntag es out of your m is tak es. B y m ak i ng m is tak es at leas t yo u th en c an di s tingu is h 7 bet w ee nth e c or r ec t and the inc o r r ec t
por tio ns of w hat yo u did. An tho n y D'A nge l o s aid: "I n or d er to s u c c eed yo u m us t f ail, 8 s o t hat yo u k now what to d o th e nex t t im e", and Rob e r t Lou is Ste vens o n e ve n we nt to t h e ex tr em e as to s a y: "O ur b us in es s in l if e is not to s uc c eed, but to c o ntin ue to f ail i n goo d s pir its（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You nee dn't w or r y ab out a n yt hi ng 9 as l on g as yo u k eep o n go in g b y 10
wis el yl ear n ing f r om your m is tak es and tr yi ng e ve n har der.
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. g lanc e n. 瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视
2. to uc h n. 修饰；润色；装点
3. f r os t n. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜
4. aes t het ic adj. 审美的；有审美观点的；美学的
5. tr ium ph n. 巨大成功；伟大胜利
6. l um p y a dj. 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的
7. f r os ting n. 糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等）
8. b len der n. （电动）食物搅拌器
9. f ix ings n. [p l.]（菜肴的）配料
10. r eq uis ite adj. 必需的；必备的；必不可少的
11. u tens i l n. （家庭）用具，器皿
12. p hoe nix n.（传说中的）凤凰，长生鸟
13. c l utter n. 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱
14. pr es e nt v. 把…交给；颁发；授予
注意作为动词和名词时的发音差别。再如：im por t, ex por t, r ec o r d, pr oduc e 等。
15. a nn iv er s ar y n. 周年纪念日
16. f las h n. 闪光；闪耀
17. p os it i on v. 安装；安置；使处于
18. s l ide v. (使)快捷而悄声地移动
19. ex p lo de v. 突然爆发，进发（感情）
ex pl os ion
ex pl os iv e n. 炸药adj. 爆炸性的
20. s l ip v. 悄悄疾行；溜
21. f li p v.（开）；按（按钮）
22. tr um pet v. 发出喇叭声
23. g es tur e v. 做手势；用手势表示
24. gr a nd l y ad v. 骄傲地；自负地
25. s l igh tl y a dv. 略微；稍微
26. of f-balanc e adj. 不平衡的；不稳定的
27. la yer n. 层；表层
28. ins pec t ion n. 检查；查看；审视
29. m oan v. 抱怨
30. inter j ec t v. 打断（别人的讲话）；插话
31. g ent l y ad v. 温柔地；温和地；和缓地
32. d is as ter n. 灾难；不幸；彻底失败
33. s tor m v. 气呼呼地疾走
34. s l am v. （使…）砰地关上
s lam the do or s hut
35. s i len tl y a dv. 悄悄地；静静地
s ile nt
s ile nc e v. / n.
36. m ois t adj. 微湿的；湿润的
m ois tur e n.
37. s uf f er v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨
s uf f er pain(s) / tor t ur e(s) / los s es / f ail ur es
s uf f er f r om a s plitti ng h ead ac he
38. oc c as i ona l a dj. 偶然的；临时的
oc c as ion
oc c as ion al l y
39. is s ue n. 重要议题；争论的问题
40. s i gn if ic anc e n. (尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义
s ign if ic ant
s ign if ic antl y
41. s tuf f n. （事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用）东西，物品，玩意儿
42. a wf u ll y a dv. 非常；极其
43. tr o ubl es om e adj. 令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的
44. d es er v e v. 值得；应得；应受
45. f r us tr atio n n. 令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物
f r us tr ate v.
f r us tr ated adj.
46. c ar pe t n. 地毯
47. em er ge v. 露头；显现
区分两个名词：em er genc e / em er genc y
48. d ig nit y n. 自豪；自尊；自重
in dig nit y n. 侮辱，轻蔑，无礼举动
49. s an ita tio n n. 环境卫生
50. s ac r if ic e n. 牺牲；舍弃
s ac r if ic e A f or B
m ak e s elf-s ac r if ic e
51. t end er adj. 易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的
52. r es po ns ib il it y n. 责任；负责
r es pons i bl e (to s b. / f or s th.)
ir r es pons ibl e
r es pons i bl y
53. oc c as i ona ll y a d v.偶然；偶尔；有时候
54. c ons e que nc e n. 结果；后果
Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons
1. f r om s c r atc h 从头开始，从零开始
2. r un out of用完，耗尽
3. s ta y up 熬夜
II. T ex t Lear n ing
T he Cak e
1 Ci nd y g lanc e d n er v ous l y at th e c loc k on the k itc hen w al l. F iv e m inutes bef or e m idnight.
2 "T he y s ho ul d b e h o m e an y t im e no w," s h e th oug ht as s he put t he f in is hi ng touc hes（最后润色，收尾工作）on th e c hoc o late c ak e s he was f r osting. (1)It was th e f ir s t tim e i n h er 12 ye ar s s he h ad tr ied to m ak e a c ak e f r om sc r atc h, and t o b e ho nes t, it was n't ex ac tl y a n a es th etic tr i um ph. T he c ak e was … wel l, l um p y. An d th e f r os ting w as b itter, as if s he had r un out of s ugar or
s om ethin g, wh ic h, of c our s e, s he h ad.
本部分重点及难点：
1. It was the f ir s t t im e in her 12 yea r s s he had tr ied to m ak e a cak e fr om
s c r atc h, …
注意本句的时态。
It / T his / T hat wi ll be the f ir s t tim e the y h a ve m et eac h o ther.
It / T his / T hat is th e thir d t im e he has s e e n an En gl is h f ilm.
It / T his / T hat was th e las t tim e he h ad d o ne s uc h a s tr ang e th i ng.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】4. T he y w il l g o to Am er ic a nex t m onth. T hat w il l be t h e f ir s t tim e that t he y ______ Am er ic a.
A．wi ll v is it
B．ha d v is it ed
C．w il l h av e vis it ed
D．ha ve vis i ted
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查重要结构It / T hat / T his be t he 1s t / 2n d / … tim e that…中的时态。该句型要注意时态的一致。即：主句为一般将来或一般现在时，
从句用现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。本句中主句为
一般将来时，故选择D。
【知识点】重要结构It / T hat / T his be t he 1s t / 2nd / … t im e that…中的时态
3 An d th en t her e was the wa y the k itc hen lo ok ed. Im agine a hug e ble nder
f illed w ith al l the f ix in gs f or c hoc olate c ak e - inc lud in
g t he r eq uis ite b o wls, pans a nd u tens i ls. N o w im agine that the bl ender is tur n ed o n. H i g
h s pe ed. W ith the l id of f. Do yo u get the id ea?
4 B ut C in d y was n't t hi nk ing ab out th e m es s. Sh e had c r eate d s om ethi ng, a ver it ab le pho enix of f lour an d s ug ar r is in g o ut of the k itc he n c lut t er. (2)Sh e was anx i ous f or her p ar ents to r etur n hom e f r om their date s o s h e c oul d
pr es ent h er an ni ver s a r y gif t to th i. S he t ur n ed of f the k itc hen l ig h ts and wait ed ex c i ted l y i n th e dar k nes s. W hen at l as t s he s a w the f las h of the c ar head li ghts, s h e pos iti oned her s e lf in th e k itc hen d oor wa y. (3)B y t he t im e s he he ar d th e k e y s li din g i nto t he f r ont do or, s he was T H IS C L O SE t o
ex plo din g.
5 (4)Her par e nts tr i ed to s lip i n qu iet l y, b ut C ind y wou ld ha ve n on e of th at. She f l ipp ed on t he lig hts dr am atic all y a nd t r um peted: "T a-daaa!" She
ges tur ed gr an dl y to w ar d the k itc hen ta bl e, wher e a s l ight l y of f-bala nc e
two-la yer c h oc ola te c ak e awa ite d th eir ins pec tio n.
6 Bu t her m other's e yes ne ver m ade it al l t he wa y t o th e ta bl e. "J us t look at this m es s!" s he m oaned. "Ho w m an y tim es hav e I t alk ed to yo u a bout
c lean ing up af ter yo ur s elf?"
7 "But Mom, I was on l y …"
8 "I s h ou ld m ak e you c lean this up r i ght no w, but I'm too tir ed to s ta y up with yo u t o m ak e s ur e yo u g et it d one r ig ht," h er m other s ai d. (5) "S o yo u'll do i t f ir s t thin g i n th e m or ning."
本部分重点及难点：
2. S he was anx i ous f or her p ar ents t o r etu r n hom e f r om their da te s o s he
c oul
d pr es ent her a nn iv er s ar y g if t to th i.
be a nx ious f or s b. t o do s th. 渴望某人做某事
3. B y t he t im e s he he ar d the k e y s li din g i nt o the f r ont door, s he w as T HIS CLO S E to ex pl odi ng.
当听到钥匙插进门锁的声音时，她的心几乎要蹦出来了！
4. Her p ar ents tr ied t o s li p i n qu iet l y, b ut C ind y wou ld h a ve n on e of that. woul d h av e no ne of it不接受，不允许
5. "So yo u'l l d o it f ir s t thi ng in t he m or ning."
f ir s t thin
g in t he m or ning早上第一件事
He br us h es his t eeth f ir s t thing in t h e m or ning ev er y da y.
9 "H one y," C ind y's f ather in ter j ec ted gent l y, "tak e a look at th e t abl e."
10 "I k now -it's a m es s," his wif e s aid c o ld l y. "T he wh ol e k itc hen is a
dis as ter. I c an't s ta nd to lo ok at it." S he s to rm ed up the s ta ir s an d int o her r oom, s lam m ing the d oor s hut beh in d her.
11 (6) F or a f ew m om ents C i nd y a nd h er f ather s too d s il ent l y, n e ither one k nowin g wh at to s a y. At l as t s he l ook ed up at him, her e yes m ois t and r e d. "S he n ev er s a w t he c ak e," s he s ai d.
本部分重点及难点：
6. F or a f e w m om ents C in d y and her f ath er s tood s i len tl y, n eit her one
k nowin g wha t to s a y. At las t s he lo ok ed up at him, her e yes m ois t and r ed.. neit her on e k now ing what to s a y 以及her e yes m ois t and r ed都是独立主格结构，即：名词/代词+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式。再如：
T he tea c her c am e in, (wi th) (a) b ook in (his) hand.
T he m onitor b ein g i ll, we h av e to pos tp one the m eetin g.
His hom ewor k (havin g be en) f inis h ed, he d ec ide d to go t o s ee a f ilm.
T he wor k er s having f i nis he d al l the ir tas k s ahea d of tim e, the bos s dec ided to g iv e th i a da y of f.
W eather per m itting, w e wi ll go f or a s pr i ng outi ng.
So m an y p eop le (bei n g) abs ent, th e m eetin g has t o be c anc el ed.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】5. T om _______ th e o ld m an b y the ar m, the y c r os s ed the s tr e et toget her s l o wl y.
A．le ad ing
B．le d
C．ha vin g l ed
D．ha vin g b een le d
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查独立主格。T om和lead构成主谓关系，l ead表示主动含义，故选择现在分词。A和C同属现在分词形式，B和D同属过去分词（应排除）。C项表示l ead这个动作先发生然后再发生c r os s the s tr eet，显然不正确，是两个动作同时发生，故选A。该句的意思是"汤姆挽着老人的胳膊，他们一起慢慢过了街。"
【知识点】独立主格
12 Unf or tu nate l y, C in d y's m other is n't t he onl y p ar ent who s uf f er s fr om
Sit uat ion al T im ber c ular G lauc om a（青光眼）- the oc c as ion al i na bil it y to s ee the f or es t f or the tr e e s. (7)F r om tim e to tim e we al l a llo w o ur s elv es to b e bli nde d to is s ues of l ong-ter m s ignif ic anc e b y s t uf f that s eis a wf ull y
im por tant r ig ht n o w, b ut is n't. Mu dd y s ho es, los t lunc h m one y an d m ess y
k itc hens ar e tr oub les om e, and the y des er v e the ir p lac e am ong li f e's
f r us tr ations. Bu t wh at's a lit tle m ud - eve n on n e w c ar pe t - c om par ed to a c hild's s e lf-es tei? Is a los t do llar m or e va l uab le t han a you ngs t er's ier gi n
g dig nit y? An d w
h il e k itc hen s an itat io n is im por tant, is it wor th the s ac r if ic e of tender f eel in gs an d r elat ions hips?
13 I'm not s a yi ng tha t our c hi ldr e n do n't n e ed to le ar n r es po ns ib i lit y, or to oc c as iona ll y s uf f er the pa inf ul c o ns equ enc es of their o wn bad c hoic es.
T hos e les s ons ar e vit al, a nd nee d to be c ar ef ull y ta ught. B ut as p ar ents, we m us t never f or get th a t we'r e n ot j us t te ac hi ng l es s ons-we'r e t e ac hin g
c hildr en.（承上启下句）T hat m eans t
her e ar e tim es wh en we r ea ll y n eed to s e e the m es s in the k itc h en, a nd tim es whe n we on l y n eed t o s ee the c ak e.
本部分重点及难点：
7. F r om tim e to tim e w e a ll al lo w our s el ve s to be bl ind ed t o is s ues of
lon g-ter m s ignif ic anc e b y s tuf f that s eis a wf ul l y im por tant r i ght no w, but
is n't.
由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。（分别指的是故事中的m ess和c ak e）
Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. r ef lec tio n n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆
2. l o ya lt y n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿
3. r ec ogn i ze v. 承认；意识到
4. be tr a y v. 辜负；对…不忠
5. i nde ed a dv. 其实；实际上
6. v ir tue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行
7. tr en d n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向
8. bef r ien d v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待
9. r equ es t v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求
10. tr e nd y adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的
11. m ultitu de n. 众多；大量
12. m utual adj. 共有的；共同的
m utual r es pec t / un der s ta nd in g
辨析：m utua l / m anual / m anur e / m atur e / m enu / m ental
13. t er m n. 词语；术语：措辞
2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案 第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分） Running: sport or way of life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more cl early. How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you. 1.You may find it interesting to go for a run. A.True B. False C. Not Given 2.The sport of running is easy. A.True B. False C. Not Given 3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.
Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary
literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize
完整版讲义---华夏大地自考高伟老师主讲，真的很MAN！！ 第一单元知识点的回顾 Text A 1.choose----choice：词型转换经常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。 2.★available:这个词考的频率很高。换句话说，如果在答案中出现了该词， 从词义上应该给予其优先考虑。这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等。 3.decide----decision，注意词性上的变化。 4.purpose:这个词一旦出现，它既可以考本词的意思，也可以考后面的谓语 动词的形式，记住：凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等 有含有目的性的词，后面的谓语动词一定是to do的形式，同时关注这些 词是否为复数形式，如果是，谓语动词一定是复数的。 5.achieve----achievement，注意词型上转换。 6.★in the way:妨碍，挡路，阻碍。区别in a way：从某种程度上。★on the way (to)在去…路上(★on the way home)和by the way：顺便说一句。 7.★★involve----involve ment(in)：注意词型转换，词义及介词搭配。 8.★consider----consideration。注意词型上的转换，同时牢记take into consideration(account)，如果单独考本词，后面的动词一定是+ing形式(动名词)，但注意主动和被动含义上的区别。 9.make a guess at:注意固定习语的搭配。 10.certain----certainly----★certainty----★★uncertainty：注意词性和词义上 的转换。 11.risk:注意后面接ing的动名词形式。 12. sometimes…;at other times…:注意前后句型上的搭配，很有可能在完型里 考。 13.range：这个词应该注意经常考的方式，range from…to…，句子中经常会 出现price,或地点等波及到范围上的词汇。 14.a number of/the number of：注意区别后面的谓语动词的单、复数。 15.★(be)based on/upon：注意搭配，完型常考。 16.therefore：学会so的另一种表达方式，说明结果，完型常考(=consequently， 本词还需要注意词型转换consequent/consequence)。 17.treat:注意搭配及同义词组，treat…as, see…as,view…as;另外treat the problem=deal with=cope with。
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __16__ they were
2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of Language I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions Ne w wor ds 1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的 2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学 3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场 4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态 5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑 out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on 6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估 7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉 8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观 va lu abl e in va lua bl e=pr ic el es s va lu eles s 9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n. 10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言 11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的 Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient 12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料 13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体 14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/th e a uthor it y o n s th. auth or i ze 15. c om par e v. 比较；对比 c om par e A w ith B c om par e A t o B 16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材 17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的 18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致 19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设 20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例 in c as e
Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认；意识到 4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向 8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多；大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞 14. site n. 网站；站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词
16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭 17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐 25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提；假定； 30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利） 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证
Lesson 38 Everything except the weather唯独没有考虑到天气Why did Harrison sell his house so quickly? My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather. 参考译文 我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国以前曾多年居住在地中海地区。过去他常幻想退休后到英国，并计划在乡间安顿下来。他刚一回到英国便买下了一幢房子住了进去。但紧接着他就开始抱怨那里的天气了。因为即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下个不停，而且常常冷得厉害。在阳光下生活了那么多年的哈里森对此感到惊奇。他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。最后，他再也忍受不住，还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。他多年来的幻想从此破灭。哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没想到天气。 【New words and expressions】（6） except prep．除了，除了…外 eg. Except a broken chair, the room has no furniture. 除了一把破椅子，这间房子里什么也没有。（chair与furniture性质相同） except for eg. Except for a broken chair, the room is empty. 除了一把破椅子外，这间房子是空的。 except for没有“所指项目类别”的限制 except that eg. I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Oxford University.
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A.request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy D.like 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that B.and C.hence D.as 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. A.going through B.going in for C.going after D.going over 10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. A.putting out B.turning out C.working out D.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
Unit 2 Text A salesgirl n.女售货员 couple n.几个，一对 glance vi.看一下瞥一眼He glanced nervously at his watch when he was waiting for the bus. uncomfortable a.不舒服的，不自在的 behave vi 举止 desire vt.想望, 期望, 希望, 请求(官方丈礼)n.愿望, 心愿, 要求v.要求 They showed a desire to improve relations. She desires that he (should) do it at once. distant a.在远处的，疏远的 outsider n.外人，局外人，门外汉 feature n.特征，特色 mark n.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号 You’d better make some marks while reading. vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号 Please mark all of the large cities on this map. adapt vt.使适应, 改编 Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? adopt vt.采用, 收养 They were trying to persuade the UN to adopt an aggressivenly anti-American resolution. accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符
高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __16__ they were not
辅导课题：新概念2 lesson 8 提分第一阶段：复习上节课内容和遗忘知识点 单词短语听写 提分第二阶段：梳理本节课知识要点，查漏补缺 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【课文】 Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competit ion' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and gro ws more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do n ot like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town! 【课文翻译】 乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖! 【生词和短语】 competition n. 比赛，竞赛 neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的 path n. 小路，小径
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷 （课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you