第一章：名词、语法点及练习
1、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数
以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数，大多把f 或fe 改为v,再加-es ；也有一些直接加-s 或两种形式皆可。
（1）、将f 或fe 改为v,再加-es 的有thief （小偷），wife （妻子），life （生活），self （自己），leaf(叶子)，wolf （狼），shelf （架子），knife （刀子），half （一半）等。
这种情况可熟记下面一句话：
（2）直接在后面加-s 的有gulf(海湾)，cliff （悬崖）,roof(屋顶)
，chief （首领），belief （信仰），serf （农奴），proof
（证据）等。这种情况可熟记下面这段话：
（3）、两种形式皆可有的handkerchief （手帕），scarf （手帕），
dwarf （矮子），wharf （码头），hoof （蹄）。这种情况可熟记下面一句话：
汉译英
他按照自己的信念做事。
He acted in accordance with his believes .
He acted in accordance with his beliefs .
她房间里有两个书架，竖在长着大叶子的花的旁边。
There are two shelfs in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leafs .
There are two shelves in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leaves .
选择
Th e ＿＿＿of these cottages were covered with ＿＿＿.
A. roofs ； leafs
B. roofs ； leaves
C. roovs ； leafs
D. rooves ； leaves
2、以-o 结尾的名词变复数
以-o 结尾的名词变复数时有两种情况：
（1）、词尾加-s, 主要有bamboo （竹子），radio （收音机），zoo （动物园），photo （照片），piano （钢琴），kilo(公斤)等。可熟记下面一段话：
汉译英
那些带有袋鼠的照片洗不出来了，因为胶卷坏了。
The photoes with kangarooes didn`t come out,because the film was faulty.
The photos with kangaroos didn`t come out,because the film was faulty.
两位英雄是种植马铃薯和西红柿的黑人。
The two heros are Negros who plant potatos and tomatos.
The two heroes are Negroes who plant potatoes and tomatoes .
选择
Zhou zheng long was arrested because of the fake tiger＿＿＿.
A. photos
B. photoes
C. photoe
D.photo
3、常见的名词复数的不规则变化
man –men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice
goose-geese child-children ox-oxen woman teacher-women teachers
4、表示“某国人”的名词的单复数形式
（1）、直接加-s。主要有Russian s（俄国人），German s（德国人），American s（美国人）(2)、以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men或-women。如：English men(英国人),French women(法国女人)等。
(3)以-ese结尾的词和Swiss(瑞士人)单复数同形.如:Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人),Portuguese(葡萄牙人)等
一句话搞定这些规则：
我们两个是中国人，他们两个是法国人。
We two are Chineses,and they two are Frenches.
We two are Chinese , and they two are Frenchmen.
选择
Both Marx and Engels are ＿＿＿.
A. German
B. Germans
C. Germen
D. German
5、具有两种复数形式的名词
（1）、penny“便士”。表示“价值”时，复数为pence；表示“钱币的个数”时，复数为pennies。
（2）、people表示“人，人们”时，是复数名词，无单数形式；表示“民族，种族”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。
（3）、fish表示“鱼的种类”时，复数为fishes；表示“条数”时，单复数同形；表示“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。
汉译英
一英镑等于一百便士
There are 100 pennies in one pound.
There are 100 pence in one pound.
这条河里有各种各样的鱼
There are many kinds of fish in this river.
There are many kinds of fishes in this river.
6、容易混淆的可数名词和不可数名词
区分可数与不可数可以用“一分为二”的方法来判定，即把判定的事物任意分成两半之后，若每半都能有原来整个物质的性质，就是不可数名词。如：wood分成两半之后还有木头的性质，而desk分成两半之后就不是桌子了。
常见的一些不可数名词集锦：
air空气water 水cotton 棉花meat肉suger 糖ink 墨水gold 金子flour 面wealth 财富love 爱danger危险beauty 美丽happiness 幸福patience 耐心cold 寒冷honesty 诚实
7、可转化为可数名词的不可数名词
（1）、物质名词表示个体概念时常可数
wind风—a wind 一阵风tea 茶—a tea 一杯茶
paper纸—a paper 一份论文\报纸light 光线—a light 一盏灯(2)、抽象名词具体化时为可数名词，表示“某种人或物”
beauty 美人或美丽的事物failure 失败的人或事物
danger 令人感到危险的人或事物pity 令人遗憾的人或事物
surprise 令人惊讶的人或事物success 成功的人或事物
（3）、有些可数名词的复数形式有特殊的含义
Rains 大量的雨水，多场雨snows 大量的雪，多场雪
winds 大风，多场风waters 大片水域
sands 沙滩woods 森林
fruits 各种各样的水果glasses 眼镜
forces 军队brains 智力，聪明的人
looks 外表manners 礼貌
（4）、个别专有名词视为可数名词
A Newton 一个牛顿式的人物two Marys 两个叫玛丽的
选择
May I take your order now?
We`d like three ＿＿＿and two＿＿＿.
A. tea;cups of coffee
B. teas ;coffees
C. cups of tea ; coffee
D. cup of teas; cup of coffees
8、’s所有格的构成规则
一般单数名词的词尾加-’s;以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加-’；不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加-’s.
汉译英
妇女节离现在还有两周
Women ’Day is in two week’s time .
Women ’s Day is in two weeks’time .
9、何时在最后一个名词后加s，何时在每个名词后都加s
表示几个人共有一物，只在最后一个名词用所有格形式；如表示各自拥有时，则每个名词后都要用所有格形式。
史密斯先生是我爸爸和妈妈的朋友。
Mr Smith is my father and mother`s friend.
露西的房间比汤姆和莉莉的都大。
Lucy`s room is bigger than Tom`s and Lily`s.
10、表示时间、距离等无生命的名词的所有格是在后面直接加-’s或-’。
他父亲离开五年之后又回来了。
Her father returned home after absence of five years.
Her father returned home after five years’absence.
选择
The village is far away from here indeed. It`s ＿＿＿walk.
A. a four hour
B.a four hour’s
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours’
11、of所有格与双重所有格的区别
Of 所有格用名词普通格或人称代词宾格，双重所有格中of后用名词’s所有格或名词性物主代词。而picture,photo,portrait等词用of所有格侧重同位关系，用双重所有格侧重所有与部分关系。
这是我妈妈的一张照片
This is a photo of my mother’s.
This is a photo of my mother.
What’s that on the desk?
It’s a letter sent by＿＿＿.
A. my father friend
B. my father friend’s
C. a friend of my father’s
D. friends of my father
12、名词的修饰语
只修饰可数名词的修饰语有（a）few, several, many(a),a number of ,more than one 等；
只修饰不可数名词的修饰语有（a）little, much,a good\great deal of, a bit of,a large amount of等；
既修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有some, a lot of ,lots of ,plenty of,enough,most, a mass of,all, quantities of, a quantity of ,the rest,masses of 等。
汉译英
我有几本有关园艺的书
I have got a little books on gardening.
I have got a few books on gardening.
每年大量的钱都被花在烟草上
A number of money is spent on tobacco every year.
A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.
选择
He doesn’t have＿＿＿furniture in his room---just an old desk.(2008陕西) A. any B. many C. some D. much
In china＿＿＿graduates go abroad to have further study every year.
A. a great deal of
B. many a
C. a large amount of
D. masses of
13、名词作定语时用单数还是复数
名词作定语说明事物的用途、材料等，一般用单数；
man\woman作定语时，单复数形式要与被修饰的名词一致；
还有一些只以复数形式出现的名词作定语仍然用复数形式。
a clothes shop 一家服装店 a glasses store 一家眼镜店
a goods train 一辆运送货物的火车 a sports meet 一次运动会
女同学正在操场上打排球
The girls students are playing volleyball on the playground.
The girl students are playing volleyball on the playground.
The ＿＿＿is just around the corner and you won’t miss it(2001上海)
A. bicycle’s shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycles’shop
-It ’s getting dark earlier than before,isn’t it?
-Yes ,I think so. I see ＿＿＿ are on already.
A. the streets lights
B. the lights of the street’s
C. the streets’lights
D. the street lights
14、cause,reason,excuse 有何不同？
cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因。起因”，后常接介词of;
reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后常接for;
excuse“借口，辩解”，多指为免受指责或推卸责任而找出的理由。
翻译
火灾通常起因于粗心。
Carelessness is the usual excuse of fire.
Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.
又迟到了，你这次的借口是什么？
Late again！ What’s your reason this time?
Late again！ What’s your excuse this time?
选择
-I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.(2003 北京)
-There is no ＿＿＿for this while you are on duty.
A. reason
B. excuse
C. cause
D. explanation
15、mistake，error，和fault的用法区别
三个词有“错误，过错”之意。
mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误；
error强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误；
fault强调责任过错或性格上的弱点、缺点。
这三个词在一些固定短语中不能混用，如an error of judgement(判断错误)，
by mistake(错误地)，find fault with…(找茬儿，挑剔,吹毛求疵)等
她的美德弥补了她的缺点。
Her virtue offset her mistake.
Her virtue offset her fault.
I broke off my relationship with John because he always found ＿＿＿with whatever I did.
A. error
B. mistake
C. fault
D. failure
16、energy，force，power，strength的用法区别
energy主要指精力、活力、身体内部的能量、能源；
force着重指发挥出的力量、效力、暴力，也可指物质和精神力量等，复数形式指“武力”；
power着重指人的权力、势力、能力和物的动力；
strength指本身具有的并能给人一种“强壮”感觉的体力或内力。
空军被派往前线。
Air power were sent to the front.
Air forces were sent to the front.
这匹马身大力强。
The horse was of great size and energy.
The horse was of great size and strength.
中国是个人民掌权的国家。
China is a country where the people are in forces.
China is a country where the people are in power.
选择
You are always full of ＿＿＿. Can you tell me the secret?(2007福建)
A. power
B. strength
C. force
D. energy
17、situation，state，condition，occasion的用法区别
situation“形势，情况”，指明确、具体的环境情况或处境；
state“状态，情形”，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式，常用单数形式；
condition“状况，情况”，指处于一定的原因、条件或环境产生的特定情况；
occasion“场合，时机”，时间性较强，表示某个时间内的状况。
副总统健康状况不佳。
The vice president is in a condition of poor health.
The vice president is in a state of poor health.
他抓住机会邀请她回家吃饭。
He seized the state to invite her home for dinner.
He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.
选择
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ＿＿＿(2006辽宁) A. state B. conditions C. situations D. positions
18、巩固练习
1、When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be hopeless＿
＿＿.
A. situation
B. case
C. condition
D. state
2、It doesn’t make any＿＿＿now what he says—it’s too late for apologies.
A. difference
B. effect
C. progress
D. development
3、We discussed the high rate of single parent family, and wondered how to explain
this ＿＿＿.
A. condition
B. state
C. situation
D. phenomenon
4、-Did you take the coat finally?
-No ,it was beautiful, but was out of my price＿＿＿.
A. control
B. reach
C. aim
D. range
5、He isn’t a reliable man. Under no ＿＿＿should you lend him any money.
A. circumstances
B. states
C. cases
D. situations
6、In recent years, China and US ha ve been a lot of ＿＿＿of views about the same
problem.
A. replacements
B. transformations
C. changes
D.desire
7、Eric was well prepared for the computer test so that he could be positive about
passing it on his first ＿＿＿.
A. intention
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
8、You are really very kind. I’ll never forget the ＿＿＿you have done to me.
A. favour
B. deed
C. help
D.good
9、As is well known to us all, in China pigeons stand for peace. However ,in India
the wheel in its national flag is also a\an＿＿＿of peace.
A. symbol
B. sign
C. mark
D. example
10、In English college ,classes are often arranged in freer and opener＿＿＿and
many jobs are designed for students.
A. grades
B. ranks
C. customs
D. patterns
11、The little girl broke a ＿＿＿which is made of＿＿＿just now.
A. tea cup;glass
B. cup of tea;glass
C. tea’s cup;glasses
D. tea cup;glasses
12、-Mary was being badly treated when John happened to pass by and helped her out.
-I think it was not a pure＿＿＿but had been well planned.
A. coincidence
B. occurrence
C. arrangement
D. incident
13、It is a great ＿＿＿for a person to be able to drive when he is seeking a job.
A. advantage
B. chance
C. fun
D. importance
14、In the time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keeep＿＿＿
with the rapid change of society.
A. contact
B. progress
C. touch
D. pace
15、We have strong＿＿＿for believing that the mine accident in Wangjialing was
due to the poor management.
A. grounds
B. reason
C. cause
D. purpose
19、高考真题练习
1、Those who suffer from headache will find they get ＿＿＿from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
2、 I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond
＿＿＿.
A. hearing
B. strengrh
C. recognition
D. measure
3、James took the magazines off the little table to make＿＿＿for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
4、This restaurant has become popular for its wide＿＿＿of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. circle
B. range
C. area
D. division
5、After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide
＿＿＿for the homeless families.
A. occupation
B. furniture
C. equipment
D. accommodation
6、Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached
200,000,a(an) ＿＿＿of 40,000 per year.
A. average
B. number
C. amount
D. quantity
7、The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from
his patients, so he has a very good＿＿＿.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
8 、The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give
you any direct ＿＿＿.
A. solution
B. target
C. measure
D. function
9、It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was＿＿＿journey.
A. three hour
B. a three-hours
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
10、From their ＿＿＿on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view
of the city.
A. stage
B. position
C. condition
D. Situation
1.
( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake
B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes
D. makes few mistake
( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato
B. potatos
C. potatoes
D. potatoe
( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used
B. Knives/used
C. Knife/using
D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!
A. tooth
B. teeth
C. tooths
D. toothes
( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs
B. leaves
C. leaf
D. leave
( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?
-Yes, please.
A. banana
B. oranges
C.apple
D. pear
( ) 7 On the table there are five____.
A. tomatos
B. piece of tomatoes
C. tomatoes
D. tomato
2
( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas
B. photos
C. information
D. stories
( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices
B. some advice
C. an advice
D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news
B. a news
C. the news P. news
( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is!
A. /
B. the
C. an
D. a
3
( ) 1 -Would you like___tea?
-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any, bottles of orange
B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of oranges
D. few, bottle of oranges
( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads
B. two piece of bread
C. two pieces of bread
D. two pieces of breads
( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
A. sometimes
B. hour
C. long time
D. some time
( ) 4 I would like to have___.
A. two glasses of milk
B. two glass of milk I
C. two glasses of milks
D. two glass of milks
( ) 5 Can you give me ____?
A. a tea
B. some cup of tea
C. a cup tea
D. a cup of tea
( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
( ) 7 John bought___for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes
B. two pair of shoe
C. two pair of shoes
D. two pairs shoes
4
( ) 1 -How many ____ have you got on your farm?
-I've got five.
A. sheeps
B. sheep
C. pig
D. chicken
( ) 2 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans
B. Germen
C. Germany
D. Germanies
( ) 3 In the picture there are many____ and two.
A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes
B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs
( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.
A. Hungarian
B. Australian
C. Japanese
D. American
5
( ) 1 This table is made of___.
A. many glass
B. glasses
C. some glasses
D. glass
( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?
-I'd like____. !
A. chicken
B. a chicken
C. chickens
D. the chicken
( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room
B. a room
C. rooms
D. the room
6
( ) 1 Tables are made of___.
A. wood
B. some woods
C. wooden
D. woods
( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.
A. people
B. peoples
C. the people
D. the peoples
( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer.
A. works
B. work
C. this works
D. the works
7
( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?
A. the People's Park
B. the Peoples' Park
C. the People Park
D. People's Park
( ) 2 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.
A. /; a
B. We; the
C. The; the
D. The; a
( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened?
A. policeman
B. polices
C. police
D. peoples
8
( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.
A. set
B. one
C. piece
D. pair
( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV____.
A. pair .
B. set
C. piece
D. block
( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.
A. cup
B. piece ,
C. box
D. pair
9
( ) 1 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher
B. women teachers
C. woman teachers
D. women teacher
( ) 2 There are five___in our factory.
A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 3 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A. women doctor
B. women doctors
C. woman doctors
D. woman doctor 10
( ) 1 They write most of their___ in English.
A. business letter
B. business letters
C. businesses
D. businesses letters ( ) 2 We came to a ___ at last .and went in.
A. watch shop
B. watches shop ,'
C. watching shop
D. watchs shop ( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.
A. food shop
B. book shop
C. fruit shop
D. vegetable shop
( ) 4 She broke a___while she was washing up.
A. glass of wine
B. glass for wine
C. glass wine
D. wine glass
( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the____.
A. room numbers .
B. rooms number
C. rooms numbers
D. room number 11
1. September 10th is____in China.
A. Teacher's Day
B. Teachers'Day
C. Teacher Day
D. Teachers Day ( ) 2 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.
A. the teacher's; my
B. teacher's; mine
C. teacher's; me
D. the teacher's; mine
( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the___?
A. men's room
B. mens' room
C. men's rooms
D. men rooms
12
( ) 1 The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily and Lucy
B. Lily's and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy
D. Lily and Lucy's ( ) 2 This is my____dictionary.
A. sister Mary
B. sister's
C. sister, Mary's
D. sister's Mary's
( ) 3 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor
B. the tailor
C. a tailors
D. the tailors'
( ) 4 Joan is____.
A. Mary's and Jack sister
B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister
D. Mary's and Jack's sister
13
( ) 1 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year
B. years'
C. year's
D. years
( ) 2 It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute
B. ten minutes'
C. ten minute's
D. ten minutes ( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.
A. thirty minutes's walk
B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk
D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 4 Half___ telephone calls are made in English.
A. the world
B. world
C. the world's
D. world's
14
( ) 1 ____ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room
B. The windows of the room
C. The room's windows
D. The windows in room
( ) 2 Please take two___.
A. picture of the park
B. pictures of the park
C. the pictures of a park
D. picture of a park
( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.
A. the roof of the house
B. a roof of the house
C. roof of the house
D. this roof of house
15
( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's
B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary
D. Mary mothers ( ) 2 This is a book of ___.
A. Tom
B. Tom's
C. her
D. him
( ) 3 The post card is sent by ____.
A. a friend of my father
B. a friend of my father's
C. my father friend
D. my father friend's
16
( ) 1 Sydney is a city of___.
A. America
B. Germany
C. Australia
D. Japan
( ) 2 My father likes buying us ___.
A. cars
B. flowers
C. peasants
D. presents
( ) 3 In England, the last name is the ___.
A. full name
B. family name
C. middle name
D. given name
( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.
A. shop
B. school
C. factory
D. hospital
17
( ) 1 My father is a____. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher
B. doctor
C. farmer
D. soldier
( ) 2 -Which animal lives only in China?
-The____.
A. tiger
B. monkey
C. panda
D. elephant
( ) 3 April come before___and after___.
A. March; May
B. May; March
C. June; May
D. March; February
( ) 4 Which of the following is right?
A. China has a large population.
B. China has much population.
C. China has many populations.
D. China has a great deal of population. ( ) 5 Please do like this. Fold the paper____ and cut along the fold.
A. into pieces
B. in half
C. on halves
D. to half
( ) 6 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another____?
A. one
B. game
C. programme
D. piece
参考答案：
1. 1-7 C C B B B B C
2. 1-4 C B C A
3. 1-7 B C D A D D A
4. 1-4 B A A C
5. 1-3 D A A
6. 1-3 A A D
7. 1-3 A D C
8. 1-3 D B B
9. 1-3 B D B
10. 1-5 B A C D A
11. 1-3 B D A
12. 1-4 D C C B
13. 1-4 B B C C
14. 1-3 B B A
15. 1-3 A B B
16. 1-4 C D B B
17. 1-6 B C B A B D
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
名词 一、名词的分类 专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 专有名词 抽象名词不可数名词 物质名词 普通名词 集体名词 个体名词可数名词 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 Proper Nouns：指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称 Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 Common Nouns：一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词 1. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2. Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。 His family _____ not large. His family ______ all music lovers. 有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police. Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。 Eg: The police are looking for him. 3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。 Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil 一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况： 1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种” Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份) Three beers, please. (三杯) It was a special tea. (一种) 2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。 Eg: rains （雨季）sands （沙滩）snows (积雪) waters(海域)… 4.Abstract Nouns:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc. 多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。 Eg: He’s learning French for fun. I wish you good luck. 抽象名词转化为可数名词。
考点: 1. 掌握可数名词的复数 2. 学会表示不可数名词的量 3. 掌握构词法：名词变形容词 4. 掌握名词所有格的用法 5. 掌握名词做主语、定语的用法 冠词离开名词没有任何意义，因此在学习冠词前，首先要了解名词的分类: '个体名词：人或物所共用的名称 dog, chair 名词可分为：：可数名词v 丄集体名词：集体的名称 class, family, police, 物质名词：物质的名称 p aper, water 抽象名词：抽象的物的名称 happi ness 专有名词：人或物所特有的名称 Tom, China 考点一：可数名词的数 可数名词复数变化规则： (1) 规则变化：a.以-s,-x,-sh, -ch,结尾的名词，在词尾 +es,发音/-Is/ eg : classes, brushes, boxes, watches b. 以辅音字母+ -y 结尾，将y 变i ，再+es ， eg ： parties, stories (注意元音同y 结尾时+s boys ) c. 部分以f 或fe 结尾的词，将变 f/fe 为v+es , eg ： wife-wives 口诀：(妻见小偷加下藏，手拿小刀想杀狼，忽然飘下一片叶，砸在头上一命亡) d. 部分以o 结尾的词，(生物名词，包括动植物，口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿)后加 es , 女口： Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, 以o 结尾的无生命的词，一般直接 +s eg : photos , pianos , kilos , tobaccos (2) 不规则变化： a.名词中所含元音字母发生变化 eg: foot-feet; tooth- teeth; man-men; woma n- wome n; b:名词词尾力口 en/ren : ox-oxen ; child-children ; c. 单复数同行： fish; sheep; deer; means; aircraft; d. 关于国家：中日不变，英法荷变，其他后面加 s two Chin ese; five Japa nese;/ En glishme n; En glishwome n; Dutchme n; /Germa ns; America ns e. 有些集体名词用单数形式表达事物总称 ，如hair, fruit,但在 表示"几根头发”，"若 干水果”时，则用复数形式 a few white hairs; several foreig n fruits f. 有些名词形式上是单数的，但实际上是复数的，这一类名词有：cattle 牛, 家畜；people 人 们；vermin 害虫；police 警察；staff 全体职员；clergy 僧侣，神职人员；youth ; mankind ； bacteria ； crew 等 g. 有些集体名词 表示整体时用单数，表示集体中的各个成员时用做复数 ，能这样用的 集体名词有： audienee , club , class, college , crowd , company , couple , department , enemy , family , firm , flock, generation, government, group, herd, navy, party, public, population, press 新闻界 /记者群, staff, team, university 等 (3) 复合名词的复数 a.由man 或woman 为前缀的复合名词，两者都变成复数 a man teacher/ men teachers ； a woman doctor/ women doctors 名词 I 不可数名词
常见名词词汇 第一天 1.sense五种感觉官能；辨别力，理解力，领悟力， 识别力；常识，见识；意义 a sense of hearing/sight/smell/taste/touch a sense of humor/direction/shame/responsibility common sense常识 What’s the sense/point of doing sth? feeling知觉，感觉，感触，态度，看法 feelings感情 mood心境，情绪in a good /bad mood spirit精神，心灵，灵魂，勇气，心态，烈酒，酒精spirits精神状态，情绪，心境in high/low spirits temper脾气，心情，性情，心境lose one’s temper 发脾气 2.idea主意，想法get the idea 理解 have no idea (don’t know) mind头脑，心思，才智，人的思想，注意力，记性be sound in mind and body身心健康 bear/keep sb/sth in mind 记住---- have sth in mind 考虑----- make up one’s mind out of one’s mind 发狂 absence of mind opinion意见，看法，主张 in one’s opinion/in their opinion thought思考，思想，思潮，看法，想法， 意见，意向，意图 (on)second thought(s)（经重新考虑后）改变的想法 （又一想） lost in thought 陷入沉思 view视野，（从某种角度看到的）风景， 个人的意见，态度；（对问题的）想法，见解 in one’s view 在某人看来 in view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到 point地点，位置；某一时刻，阶段；地步， 程度；要点，论点，见解，观点 You’ve got the point there你说得对。 Let’s come/get to the point 说正事。 （切入正题） There’s no point in doing sth be on the point of doing sth (be about to do sth)----when---- to the point 中肯，恰当 a point of view 观点，态度，看法（viewpoint） 第二天 3.ability能力 force暴力，武力，影响力，部队，（法律的）权威，威力；风、雨或其它自然现象的力量 air forces 空军 power能力，智力，操纵力，政权，职权， 权力，动力 power failure电力中断 beyond one’s power strength体力，力气，实力，长处 fuel燃料 energy干劲，精力，活力，能量，能源 material材料，原料，资料 resource资源 source发源地，源头，来源，出处 origin起点，开端，来源，出身 第三天 item条款，项目、商品 article物件，物品，（报刊上的）文章information通知，告知，情报，消息，资料message（以书面、口头、无线电等形式向某人传送的）信息，消息，要求等 get the message明白，理解，领悟，知悉news新闻，消息（word） notice通知，警告，布告，公告，告示，启示 take no notice of ---不注意，不理会----- note注意，笔记，摘记，注释 take note of ----注意----- 第四天 4.reward报酬，酬金，赏金 prize（给予获胜者的）奖，奖金，奖品，奖励； （彩票的）彩金 the first prize award助学金，奖金，奖品，奖状 fee报名费，服务费，费用 tuition学费 fund专款，基金，资金 pension养老金，退休金 admission入场费 scholarship奖学金 capital资本，资金，大写字母，首都 interest利息 profit利润 change零钱 fine罚款 pocket money零花钱 bill帐单 check支票 expense费用，花费at one’s expense 由某人付费cost成本，代价at the cost of ---
最新英语名词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择名词 1．According to the bank rules released recently, you have to pay a 25% ________ on each cheque you cash. A．admission B．pension C．allowance D．commission 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据银行最近公布的规定，你每兑现一张支票必须付25%的手续费。A. admission承认；B. pension抚恤金； C. allowance津贴；D. commission佣金；手续费。兑现支票必须付25%的手续费。故答案为D。 2．As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progress. A．privilege B．preference C．priority D．principle 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣幸；B. preference偏爱；C. priority 优先；D. principle原则。privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。 3．We have found that a boy matching your entered the amusement park just now. A．instruction B．explanation C．description D．application 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现一个符合你的描述的男孩刚才进入了游乐园。Ainstruction指示；Bexplanation解释；Cdescription描述；Dapplication申请。match description表示“匹配你的描述”，故C项正确。 4．It can’t be a(n) _______that four jewelry stores wer e robbed in one night. A．coincidence B．accident C．incident D．chance 【答案】B 【解析】 词义辨析。 A.巧合；一致 B. 事故；意外 C.事件；事变 D. 机会。句意：四家珠宝商店在
英语名词单复数用法大全 一、规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或 -es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 1、一般情况在词尾加 -s：map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2、以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加 -es：class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3、以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的词变 -f 和 -fe 为 v再加 -es： l eaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives ；加 -s： belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 、以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i 加 -es ： party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 、以音辅字母加y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以y 结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6、以辅音字母加 -o 结尾的名词一般加 -es： hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes；不少外来词加 -s： piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可： zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 7 、以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-s： radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 、以 -th 结尾的名词加-s： truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths 二、不规则名词复数： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： 1、改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式： man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2、单复数相同：sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3、只有复数形式：ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4、一些集体名词总是用作复数：people, police, cattle, staff 5、部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）： audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6、复数形式表示特别含义：customs(海关 ), forces( 军队 ), times( 时代 ), spirits( 情绪 ), drinks( 饮料), sands(沙滩 ), papers(文件报纸 ), manners(礼貌 ), looks( 外表 ), brains( 头脑智力 ), greens(青菜), ruins( 废墟 ) 7、表示“某国人”加 -s： Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans；单复 数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese；以 -man 或-woman 结尾的改为 men,-women，Englishmen, Frenchwomen 8、合成名词将主体名词变为复数：sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends ； grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches ；将两部分变为复无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数： 数： women singers, men servants
介词用法详解 用来表明名词、代词与句子中其他词的关系的词叫做介词。 介词是虚词，不能重读，也不能单独作句子成分，往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句一起构成介词短语，以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。 Ⅰ介词的用法：1. 作状语：表示时间、地点、方式、条件、目的、原因等。 He left after a while. 过了一会他离开了。（表时间） Thanks to your advice, we completed the project on time. 多亏了你的建议，我们按时完成了工程。（表原因） I live near my company. 我住在公司附近。（表地点） — We held a party in honor of our friends. 我们举行宴会款待朋友。（表目的） 2. 作表语：My home is just opposite the university. 我家就在大学对面。 We are of the same age. 我们年龄一样大。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 We are like brothers and sisters. 我们就像兄弟姐妹。 # 3. 作定语：介词作定语时常放在被修饰词或短语的后面。 The man next to Bill is from Spain. 比尔旁边的那个人来自西班牙。 I am a student of the English Department. 我是英语系的学生。 The young man with red hair is Tom. 红头发的那个年轻人是汤姆。 There is no news about the accident. 没有关于这次事故的消息。 4. 作补足语：Make yourself at home. \ 不要拘束。 I found Mary in a red dress today. 我发现玛丽今天穿着一件红裙子。 Keep the dog out of the house. 让狗呆在外面。 Don’t leave your books all over the desk. 不要把你的书放的满桌子都是。 Ⅱ介词的分类及使用 1.表示“时间”的介词
名词的用法 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy男孩，mother母亲，news消息，progress进步，computer计算机，Tom汤姆，Paris巴黎，Japan日本，furniture家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary玛丽，Mr Green格林先生，Beijing北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl女孩，pen钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood木头，meat肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family家庭，crowd人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work工作，happiness幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾-s： book/books书 pen/pens钢笔 face/faces脸 (2)以s,x,z,sh,ch等结尾的名词，通常加词尾-es： bus/buses公共汽车 box/boxes盒子 dish/dishes盘子 注：有些以ch结尾的名词，由于其发音不是[k]而是[tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach/stomachs胃。 (3)以y结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将y改为ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city/cities城市 boy/boys男孩 key/keys钥匙 注：以y结尾的专有名词，若在某些特殊情况下需要复数，通常加s构成： Mary/Marys玛丽 Germany/Germanys德国 (4)以o结尾的名词，有些加词尾-s，有些加-es，有些加-s或-es均可： piano/pianos钢琴 tomato/tomatoes西红柿 zero/zero(e)s零 注：有人对英语中所有以o结尾的名词作了统计，一共近200个，其中绝大部分的
重点高中英语：名词作定语的用法讲解
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高中英语：名词作定语的用法讲解 作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。 下面是是名词作定语的用法讲解，大家可以参考学习。 一、名词作定语的基本原则 名词作定语原则上用单数，不用复数。如： a stone bridge 石桥(不能说a stones bridge) a meeting room 会议室(不能说a meetings room) morning exercise 早操(不能说a mornings exercise) a story book 故事书(不能说a stories book) a coffee cup 咖啡杯(不能说a coffees cup) a baby girl 女婴(不能说a babies girl) a school gate 校门(不能说a schools gate) eye drops眼药水(不能说eyes drops) test paper考卷(不能说tests paper) book report读书报告(不能说books report) train station火车站(不能说trains station) plane ticket机票(不能说plane tickets) pocket money零花钱（不能说pockets money） generation gap代沟（不能说generations gap） 二、用复数名词作定语的四种情形： 1. 有些只有复数形式的名词，则用复数作定语：
高中英语语法：名词 1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数） These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel.（不可数） We need various steels.（可数） c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系 2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷 4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。 2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。 3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
一、名词的分类 名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。 1. 普通名词又可分为： （1）个体名词。如：cup，desk，student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 （2）集体名词。如：class，team，family等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 （3）物质名词。如：rice，water，cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 （4）抽象名词。如：love，work，life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 2. 专有名词：如：China，Newton，London等。 二、名词的数 （一）可数名词的复数形式的构成规则 1. 一般情况下在名词的词尾加s，如：book books，pencil pencils. 2. 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词加-es，其读音为［iz］。如：bus buses，box boxes，watch watches，dish dishes等。 3. 以-y结尾的名词： （1）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，把y改为i再加es，读音为［iz］，如：factory factories，company companies等。 （2）以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾，直接在词尾加-s，读音为［z］。如：key keys，Henry Henrys等。 4. 以-f和-fe结尾的名词： （1）变-f或-fe为v再加-es，读音为［vz］。如：thief thieves，wife wives，half halves等。 （2）直接在词尾加-s，如：roof roofs，gulf gulfs，chief chiefs，proof proofs等。 （3）两者均可。如：handkerchief handkerchiefs或handkerchieves. 5. 以-o结尾的名词：
名词 名词：是一些名称，表示人物、地方、国家、动物或物品等。 不用an、one，如How many sandwiches would you like?你想要多少块三明治。I would like just one sandwiches.我只要一块三明治。比较May I have a sandwiches?和May I have one sandwiches?的区别） 单数变复数的规则：
1、 Chinese中国人，sheep羊，deer鹿，fish鱼, Japanese日本人,li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin，但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 2、不规则的名词 foot脚-feet mouse老鼠-mice child小孩-child goose鹅-geese man男人-men woman 女人-women tooth牙-teeth,注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其
复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans； 3、集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4、以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a）. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b）. news 是不可数名词“新闻”。 c）. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d）. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book..<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5、没有单数形式的名词:表示由两部分构成的东西 glasses眼镜shorts短裤trousers裤子scissors剪刀 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers，His trousers are there 他的裤子在那里 6、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes （各种）鱼，room为可数名词时为“房间”，如：I live in Room 5.而room为抽象名词时 为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜stone 石头a stone 一块石头time 时间two times 两次wood 木头woods 树林。 clothes 为衣服，而cloth则是布，sand沙子，而sands是沙滩 7、不同国家的人的单复数（注：中日不变英法变，其余S加后面） 名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人 中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 8、复合名词的复数形式（名词+名词） 1)、通常只变后面的名词为复数，如boy student→boy student s,shoe shop→shoe shop s 2）但当前面的名词是man和woman时，两个词都变为复数，如man teacher→m e n teacher s 3）一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将中心词变为复数 daughter-in-law儿媳妇—daughters-in-law man doctor男医生-men doctor half brother—half brothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)，man driver—men drivers(男司机) woman doctor—women doctors(女大夫)grown up—grown ups(成年人) 4）、“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形 式，She is a five-year-old girl 她是一个五岁女孩。a ten-story-high building 一幢
英语名词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择名词 1．‘’There is among Chinese people that no country or individual can can protect itself without intellectual property（知识产权）protection’’ Liu Xin said. A．commitment B．criterion C．consensus D．competence 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：刘鑫说，在中国人群中由这样一种共识，没有知识产权保护法的话，任何国家和个人都不能保护自己。https://www.doczj.com/doc/5e18375557.html,mitment 承诺、许诺，（因工作而）献身、奉献B. criterion （判断的）标准、准则、原则；C.consensus 一致意见、共识；D. competence 能力、胜任、本领。根据句意判断，故选C。 2．场景、场面 ( 着重人物的活动) 3．His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth. A．expectation B．instruction C．response D．account 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。A. expectation期望；B. instruction指示；C. response 回应 ;D. account陈述。由“yet his story”可知，account符合句意。故D选项正确。 4．Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest . A．distinction B．innovation C．potential D．appreciation 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. distinction区别； B. innovation创新； C. potential潜能； D. appreciation 欣赏。句意：只有当妇女能够变得强大时，我们的家庭、经济和社会才能充分发挥其潜力。结合句意可知答案为C。 5．Violent programs on television may have a bad on children. A．injury B．pressure
高中英语：名词作定语的用法讲解 作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。 下面是是名词作定语的用法讲解，大家可以参考学习。 一、名词作定语的基本原则 名词作定语原则上用单数，不用复数。如： a stone bridge 石桥(不能说a stones bridge) a meeting room 会议室(不能说a meetings room) morning exercise 早操(不能说a mornings exercise) a story book 故事书(不能说a stories book) a coffee cup 咖啡杯(不能说a coffees cup) a baby girl 女婴(不能说a babies girl) a school gate 校门(不能说a schools gate) eye drops眼药水(不能说eyes drops) test paper考卷(不能说tests paper) book report读书报告(不能说books report) train station火车站(不能说trains station) plane ticket机票(不能说plane tickets) pocket money零花钱（不能说pockets money） generation gap代沟（不能说generations gap） 二、用复数名词作定语的四种情形： 1. 有些只有复数形式的名词，则用复数作定语：
goods train 货车 clothes shop 服装店 an arts degree文科学位 customs officer海关人员 2. 有些习惯上通常要用复数的名词也习惯上用复数。如： sports car 跑车 savings bank储蓄银行 3. 当man, woman用于名词前作定语，表示性别时，若被修饰的名词为复数，则man, woman也要用复数。如： men nurse 男护士 women doctor 女医生 4. 有时复数名词作定语可视为复数名词所有格作定语的省略形式。如： a teachers college 师范学院(teachers等于teachers’) one trousers pockets 裤兜(trousers等于trousers’) eight hours sleep 八个小时睡眠(hours等于hours’) a three weeks training 三周训练(weeks等于weeks’) 注：eight hours sleep 之类的说法，既可表达为eight hours’sleep，也可表达为an eight-hour sleep。类似的如： a five-second pause 一次五秒钟的停顿 a ten-minute break 一次十分钟的中间休息 a two-hour exam. 一次两小时的考试