名词
一、名词的分类
专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
专有名词
抽象名词不可数名词
物质名词
普通名词
集体名词
个体名词可数名词
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
Proper Nouns：指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称
Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year‘s Day
注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写
Common Nouns：一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词
1. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西
可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments
也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream
2. Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体
Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public
集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。
His family _____ not large.
His family ______ all music lovers.
有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police.
Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.
个别集体名词则多作复数看待。
Eg: The police are looking for him.
3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil
一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：
1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示―一份‖、―一杯‖、―一种‖
Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份)
Three beers, please. (三杯) It was a special tea. (一种)
2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
Eg: rains （雨季）sands （沙滩）snows (积雪) waters(海域)…
4.Abstract Nouns:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念
Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc.
多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。
Eg: He‘s learning French for fun.
I wish you good luck.
抽象名词转化为可数名词。
Failure is the mother of success. (失败与成功在此为抽象概念)
As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child. (成功者，失败者，可数)
二、名词的数不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如：health, advice, glass, wood, English, America
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Notes:
1. stomach -- stomachs
2. 以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s. Eg: boys; toys; Henrys
3. 以-o 结尾的名词+ es在课本中出现的有hero, potato, tomato；其余以-o结尾的词+ s: (photo, piano, radio, bamboo ,zoo…)
4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词：proofs; gulfs; cliffs; roofs; serfs; beliefs; chiefs
handkerchief（手帕，手绢）的复数形式两者都可以。
不规则变化：
变内部元音：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese ,mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen
词尾加-en或ren：ox-oxen, child-children
ouse – ice：mouse-mice; louse-lice（虱子）
有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg: analys i s-analys e s; bas i s-bas e s; thes i s-thes e s;
cris i s-cris e s
criteri on-criteri a; phenomen on-phenomen a; medi um-medi a
单复数相同的情况：sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese; Japanese
以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu
只有复数形式的情况：trousers(裤子); glasses(眼镜); compasses(圆规) a pair of thanks; clothes; remains; goods; people; cattle
―某国人‖的复数形式：
?单、复数相同Chinese, Japanese, Swiss,…
?词尾加-s Africans, Asians, Canadians, Australians, Italians,……
?变man为men Englishman---Englishmen, Frenchman---Frenchmen
但：German---Germans
复合名词的复数形式：1.一般将主体名词变为复数。father-in-law →fathers-in-law, passer-by →passers-by,
looker-on→lookers-on, editor-in-chief →editors-in-chief
2.无主体名词的在词尾加复数。如：grown-ups, good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens （中间人），look-outs（守望者）
3.由man, woman,构成的复合名词应将前后两个词都变成复数。men-doctors, women-drivers, women-singers
?boyfriends, girlfriends, boy students, girl students
有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。
beauty(美，美貌)---a beauty(一个美人/物)
danger(危险)—a danger(一件危险的事/人)
failure(失败)—a failure(一件失败的事/人)
honour(光荣)—an honour(带来荣誉的/或事)
pity(遗憾)—a pity(一件可惜的事)
success(成功)—a success(一件成功的事/人)
surprise(惊奇)—a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)—a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
worry(担心)—a worry(一件令人担心的事)
experience(经验)—an experience(一次经历)
service(服务)—a service(一个服务机构)
英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。
a poem(一首诗) poetry(诗歌总称)
a machine(一台机器) machinery(机器总称)
a job(一件工作) work(工作)
a laugh(一个笑声) laughter(笑声)
a permit(许可证) permission(允许)
a garment (一件衣裳) clothing(衣裳总称)
a bag(case) (一件行李) luggage, baggage(行李)
a loaf (一只面包) bread(面包)
a hair(一根头发) hair(头发)
几个名词的特殊用法1. hair
His hair is white.（他的头发是白的。）
He has a few grey hairs.（他有几根白的头发。）
2. fruit
The fruit is sweet.
He likes pears, peaches, grapes and other fruits.
3. police
The police are searching for the murderer.
dozen, score
two (many, several) dozen pencils three dozen of them / these pencils
dozens of students two score of students scores of people
word（消息，通知）, man（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用单数。
三、名词的格英语中的名词（代词）有三个格：主格、宾格、所有格。
所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语，它有两种形式：一种是由名词词尾加‘s构成，另一种是由介词of加名词构成，前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命的东西。
所有格的形式：
1. 一般的名词所有格在后面加‘s：Mary‘s book
2. 以–s 结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加‘：Teachers‘ Day, the students‘ reading-room
3. 以–s 结尾的专有名词所有格：Engels‘s works 或Engels‘ works
4. 复合名词的所有格是在其词尾加‘s：his mother-in-law‘s photo
the editor-in-chief‘s opinion
5. 如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词后加‘s,如果是分别所有，则两个名词后都要加‘s：Tom and Marry‘s father, Tom‘s and Marry‘s fathers
6. 在表示―某人家‖、―店铺‖的所有格时，一般省略它所修饰的名词：at the doctor‘s,
at the barber‘s, at Mr. Green‘s, at the tailor‘s
7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加‘s来构成所有格：today‘s newspaper ten minutes‘ walk China‘s industry the station‘s waiting-room the earth's surface a dollar's worth
8. 凡不能加‘s 构成所有格的名词，都可以与of 结成短语，来表示所有格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可如此，特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时：
the door of our classroom
Do you know the name of the girl standing at the gate?
·在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常使用双重所有格，即―of 词组+所有格‖结构。这种结构带有一定的感情色彩，表示赞美、厌恶等。
a friend of her mother‘s a few friends of Tom‘s
that book of Tom‘s several classmates of his
9. 一个名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，避免前后重复。如：This is not my pen, but Mary‘s.
10. 名词原形直接作定语（不表示所有关系）
room number coffee cup shoe factory geography lesson colour film tooth brush power plant welcome party heart trouble food industry apple tree physics teacher
但：有的名词习惯于用复数作定语
parents meeting(家长会) goods train(货车) sales department (销售部)
sports meet(运动会)
名词所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)some patterns:
1.I‘ll take the risk for friendship‘s sake. (为了友谊)
2.She was at her wit‘s end.（黔驴技穷）
3.Now they could sing at their heart‘s content.（尽情地）
4.We should get the children out of harm‘s way.（不受损害）
5.We had b est keep them at arm‘s length.（保持距离）
6.For goodness‘ sake, stop arguing. （看在上帝的份上）
7.Jane got the money‘s worth out of the coat. （很合算）
1. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.
A. example
B. sign
C. mark
D. symbol
2. He dropped the _______ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee
B. coffee‘s cup
C. cup for coffee
D. coffee cup
3. I need _______ cloth, for I‘m going to make _______ clothes.
A. a lot of; many
B. much; much
C. many; many
D. many; a lot
4. He gained his _______ by printing _______ of famous writers.
A. wealth; work
B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work
D. wealth; works
5. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _______.
A. energy
B. source
C. power
D. material
6. You‘ll find this map of great _______ in helping you to get round London.
A. price
B. cost
C. value
D. usefulness
7. ---- Who did you spend last weekend with?
---- _______.
A. Palmer‘s
B. The Palmers‘
C. The Palmers
D. The Palmer‘s
8. My parents always let me have my own _______ of living.
A. way
B. method
C. manner
D. fashion
9. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _______ of courage and power.
A. example
B. sign
C. mark
D. symbol
10. We volunteered to collect money to help the _______ of the earthquake.
A. victims
B. folks
C. fellows
D. villagers
11. If you don‘t take away all your things from the desk, there won‘t be enough _______ for my stationery.
A. area
B. place
C. room
D. surface
12. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _______.
A. rewards
B. prizes
C. awards
D. results
13. In the botanic garden we can find a(n) _______ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
A. species
B. group
C. amount
D. variety
14. ---- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
---- No, it‘s out of _______ .
A. range
B. reach
C. control
D. distance
15. The life of London is made up of many different ______.
A. elements
B. sections
C. material
D. realities
16. For the sake of her daughter‘s health, she decided to move to a warm _______ .
A. weather
B. temperature
C. season
D. climate
17. To regain their ______ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass.
A. force
B. energy
C. power
D. health
18. I saw Bob play the piano at John‘s party and on that _______ he was simply brilliant.
A. scene
B. circumstance
C. occasion
D. situation
19. It can‘t be a(n) _______ that four jewe lry stores were robbed in one night.
A. coincidence
B. accident
C. incident
D. chance
20. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drink and heart attack is not necessarily _______ and effect.
A. reason
B. impact
C. fact
D. cause
21. ---- I‘m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
---- There is no _______ for this while you are on duty.
A. reason
B. excuse
C. cause
D. explanation
22. The manager has got a good business ________ so the company is doing well.
A. idea
B. sense
C. thought
D. thinking
23. Don‘t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ______ of little children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
24. The environmentalists and wi ld goats‘ _______ on the vast grasslands was a good indication
of the better environment.
A. escape
B. absence
C. attendance
D. appearance
25. The village is far away from here indeed. It?s _____ walk
A . a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours‘
26. I have read the material several times but it doesn't make any ________ to me.
A. meaning
B. importance
C. sense
D. significance
27. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
28. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.
A. price
B. prize
C. reward
D. money
29. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children‘s.
A. reach
B. hand
C. hold
D. place
30. At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics。
A. approaches
B. means
C. methods
D. ways
31. Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations
B. instructions
C. descriptions
D. introductions
32. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。
A. date
B. shape
C. order
D. balance
33. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses．
A. strengths
B. benefits
C. techniques
D. values
34. Th e school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don‘t give you any direct __.
A. solution
B. target
C. measure
D. function
35. James took the magazines off the little table to make ______ for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
36. Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
37. Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average
B number
C amount
D quantity
38. After the earthquake, tile first thing the local government did was to provide ____________for the homeless families.
A. accommodation
B. occupation
C. equipment
D. furniture
39. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
40. This restaurant has become popular for its wide_________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
41. I haven‘t seen Sara since she was a girl，and she has changed beyond ______ .
A. hearing
B. strength
C. recognition D．measure
42. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.
A. a, tear
B. a piece of, tears
C. a, tears
D. a piece of, tear
43. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.
A. cooker, typewriter
B. cook, typist
C. cooker, typist
D. cook, typewriter
44. ―Why couldn‘t they meet us at five o‘clock?‖ ―Because they were delayed by ________.‖
A. heavy traffic
B. heavy traffics
C. crowded traffic
D. crowded traffics
45. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is
B. cattle are
C. cattles are
D. the cattles are
46. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.
A. mean, mean
B. means, means
C. means, mean
D. mean, means
47. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.
A. so kind a, friends
B. so a kind, friends
C. so kind a, friend
D. so a kind, friend
48. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.
A. dozen of, dozen
B. dozens of, dozen
C. dozens of, dozen
D. dozens of, dozen of
49. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.
A. an idea
B. a mark
C. a sign
D. a word
50. May I tak e your order now?‖ ―We‘d like three black _______ and two green _______.‖
A. coffee, cups of teas
B. coffees, teas
C. cups of coffee, tea
D. cup of coffees, teas
51. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______.
A. a few white hairs
B. a little white hair
C. some white hair
D. more fifty hair
52. —Hi, this way, please.
—OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad.
A. position
B. direction
C. situation
D. condition
53. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.
A. intention
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
54. I didn‘t have to work all weekend — I did it by _______.
A. chance
B. choice
C. accident
D. myself
55. ―Did you get _____ to the party?‖ ―Yes, I replied to it this morning.‖
A. an answer
B. an invitation
C. a question
D. a letter
56. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500.
A. price
B. money
C. value
D. importance
57. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it.
A. explanation
B. meaning
C. sense
D. guess
58. You‘ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round.
A. chance
B. turn
C. time
D. part
59. —Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.
—It‘s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination.
A. question
B. doubt
C. problem
D. wonder
60. —How can I use this washing machine?
—Well, just refer to the _______.
A. explanations
B. expressions
C. introductions
D. directions
61. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
A. rooms number
B. room number
C. room‘s numbers
D. room numbers
62. —Hello, I‘d like to speak to Henry.
—Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office.
A. Henrys, Henrys
B. Henries, Henries
C. Henry, Henrys
D. Henrys, Henries
63. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years.
A. pressure
B. force
C. strength
D. energy
64. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.
A. ins and outs
B. dos and don‘ts
C. heads and tails
D. t‘s and i‘s
65. —I‘ve got an ―A‖ in the examination.
—That‘s a good ______. You will surely win a second.
A. result
B. news
C. start
D. idea
名词 一、名词的分类 专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 专有名词 抽象名词不可数名词 物质名词 普通名词 集体名词 个体名词可数名词 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 Proper Nouns：指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称 Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 Common Nouns：一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词 1. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2. Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。 His family _____ not large. His family ______ all music lovers. 有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police. Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。 Eg: The police are looking for him. 3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。 Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil 一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况： 1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种” Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份) Three beers, please. (三杯) It was a special tea. (一种) 2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。 Eg: rains （雨季）sands （沙滩）snows (积雪) waters(海域)… 4.Abstract Nouns:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc. 多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。 Eg: He’s learning French for fun. I wish you good luck. 抽象名词转化为可数名词。
高二英语完形填空试题(有答案和解析) 一、高中英语完形填空 1．阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 Once there was a farmer in Africa named Hafiz who was happy and content. One day a(n) 1 man came to him and told him about the glory of diamonds and the 2 that goes along with them. The wise man said, "If you had a diamond the size of your thumb, you could have your own city. If you had a diamond the size of your fist, you could probably own your own 3 ." With that said, he went away. That night the farmer couldn't 4 . He was unhappy and he was 5 . The next morning he sold off his farm, took care of his family and went 6 diamonds. He looked all over Africa and couldn't find any. He looked all through Europe and couldn't find any. When he got to Spain, he was emotionally, 7 and financially broke. He got so 8 that he threw himself into Barcelona River and committed suicide. Back home, the person who had 9 his farm was watering the camels at a 10 that ran through the farm. Across the stream, the rays of the morning sun hit a stone and made it 11 like a rainbow. He picked up the stone and 12 it in the living room. That afternoon the wise man came and saw the stone sparkling. He asked, "Is Hafiz 13 ?" The new owner said, " No, why do you ask?" The wise man said, "Because that is a diamond. I recognize one 14 I see one." The man said, "No, that's just a stone I 15 from the stream. Come, I'll show you. There are many more." They went and picked some samples and sent them for 16 . Sure enough, the stones were diamonds. They found that the farm was indeed 17 with diamonds. When our 18 is right, we realize that we are all walking on acres and acres of diamonds. Opportunity is always under our feet. We don't have to go anywhere. All we need to do is 19 it. When people don't know how to recognize opportunity, they complain of 20 when it knocks. The same opportunity never knocks twice. The next one may be better or worse, but it is never the same one. 1. A. young B. wise C. old D. poor 2. A. history B. meaning C. power D. legend 3. A. country B. house C. factory D. farm 4. A. eat B. wake C. stand D. sleep 5. A. tired B. discontent C. confused D. sick 6. A. in search of B. in need of C. by name of D. by way of 7. A. similarly B. gradually C. actually D. physically 8. A. puzzled B. discouraged C. impatient D. exhausted 9. A. robbed B. seized C. paid D. bought 10. A. pool B. river C. stream D. lake 11. A. smooth B. sparkle C. rise D. flow
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.countries 【答案】countryother修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故是可数名词，此处由【解析】考查名词。countries. 填67. more 【答案】than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级考查比较级。根据句中的【解析】more. 表示更多的人，故填68. Luckily 【答案】“”Luckily. ，故填【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指幸运的是69. has changed 【答案】over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语has changed. 语是单数，故填70. spoken 【答案】Englishspeak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填和动词【解析】考查过去分词。． spoken. 71. from 【答案】be different from“…”from. ，是固定短语。故填和【解析】考查固定短语。不同72. especially 【答案】especial“”especially“”。特殊的，特别的是副词是形容词；尤其，特别【解析】考查副词。“”especially. ，故填尤其，特别此处指新的定居者丰富了英语，尤其是它的词汇。表示73. when 【答案】“…”，从句时态是过去时，故填当【解析】考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，表示时候when. 74. or 【答案】or. 【解析】考查连词。此处表示选择，指作为第一语言或第二语言被说，故填 75. largest 【答案】【解析】考查形容词最高级。因为中国人口最多所以说英语的人也最多，此处由the修饰用 I had just visited my best friend in hospital with my mum,___41___hadn't seen my friend since she'd gone into hospital six months earlier. I knew where she was coming from as she was___42___(grave)ill, but as I'd been visiting her every week I had stopped seeing the obvious; my friend___43___(lose)most of her body weight
常见名词词汇 第一天 1.sense五种感觉官能；辨别力，理解力，领悟力， 识别力；常识，见识；意义 a sense of hearing/sight/smell/taste/touch a sense of humor/direction/shame/responsibility common sense常识 What’s the sense/point of doing sth? feeling知觉，感觉，感触，态度，看法 feelings感情 mood心境，情绪in a good /bad mood spirit精神，心灵，灵魂，勇气，心态，烈酒，酒精spirits精神状态，情绪，心境in high/low spirits temper脾气，心情，性情，心境lose one’s temper 发脾气 2.idea主意，想法get the idea 理解 have no idea (don’t know) mind头脑，心思，才智，人的思想，注意力，记性be sound in mind and body身心健康 bear/keep sb/sth in mind 记住---- have sth in mind 考虑----- make up one’s mind out of one’s mind 发狂 absence of mind opinion意见，看法，主张 in one’s opinion/in their opinion thought思考，思想，思潮，看法，想法， 意见，意向，意图 (on)second thought(s)（经重新考虑后）改变的想法 （又一想） lost in thought 陷入沉思 view视野，（从某种角度看到的）风景， 个人的意见，态度；（对问题的）想法，见解 in one’s view 在某人看来 in view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到 point地点，位置；某一时刻，阶段；地步， 程度；要点，论点，见解，观点 You’ve got the point there你说得对。 Let’s come/get to the point 说正事。 （切入正题） There’s no point in doing sth be on the point of doing sth (be about to do sth)----when---- to the point 中肯，恰当 a point of view 观点，态度，看法（viewpoint） 第二天 3.ability能力 force暴力，武力，影响力，部队，（法律的）权威，威力；风、雨或其它自然现象的力量 air forces 空军 power能力，智力，操纵力，政权，职权， 权力，动力 power failure电力中断 beyond one’s power strength体力，力气，实力，长处 fuel燃料 energy干劲，精力，活力，能量，能源 material材料，原料，资料 resource资源 source发源地，源头，来源，出处 origin起点，开端，来源，出身 第三天 item条款，项目、商品 article物件，物品，（报刊上的）文章information通知，告知，情报，消息，资料message（以书面、口头、无线电等形式向某人传送的）信息，消息，要求等 get the message明白，理解，领悟，知悉news新闻，消息（word） notice通知，警告，布告，公告，告示，启示 take no notice of ---不注意，不理会----- note注意，笔记，摘记，注释 take note of ----注意----- 第四天 4.reward报酬，酬金，赏金 prize（给予获胜者的）奖，奖金，奖品，奖励； （彩票的）彩金 the first prize award助学金，奖金，奖品，奖状 fee报名费，服务费，费用 tuition学费 fund专款，基金，资金 pension养老金，退休金 admission入场费 scholarship奖学金 capital资本，资金，大写字母，首都 interest利息 profit利润 change零钱 fine罚款 pocket money零花钱 bill帐单 check支票 expense费用，花费at one’s expense 由某人付费cost成本，代价at the cost of ---
高一英语语法填空简单(附答案)
语法填空 A I was always told that the three “P”s, patience, positive thinking and perseverance (毅力), were a sure path ___26___ success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, ___27___ was originally to be held in our classroom, ___28___(change) to the library at the last minute. This, ___29___, didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ___30___. But my mood quickly changed when I saw ___31___first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered ___32___ I finally found the solution. With the problem ___33___ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. ___34___ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ___35___ (complete) the rest! B The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, consisting of millions of pages of data. In 1969, DARPA, 66____ ___ US defence organization, developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other through the telephone. They created a network of computers and only the US army could use 67___ ____ in the following 15 years. Then in 1984, the US National Science Foundation started the NSF network, also known 68____ ___the Inter-network or ”Internet”. It then became possible for universities to use the sy stem as well. The World Wide Web, 69____ ___ (invent) in 1991 by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, is a computer network that makes the information from millions of websites accessible to computer users. At the moment, about 80 % of web traffic is 70____ ___English, but by 2020, Chinese could take the lead. Obviously, it was Berners-Lee 71____ ___made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just the universities and the army. He designed the first “web browser”, 72____ ___allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. With the web and the Internet 73____ ___ (grow), the number of Internet users rose 74____ ___ (rapid) from 600,000 to 40 million within 5 years. So far, the Internet 75____ ___ (create) thousands of millionaires all over the world, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. C Christopher Reeve was born in September, 1952. He was in his first school play ___51___ he was eight and he started to act in TV shows and films while he was still in college. He made many ____52____ (success) films and TV shows but he is most famous ____53___ his Superman films.
重点高中英语：名词作定语的用法讲解
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高中英语：名词作定语的用法讲解 作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。 下面是是名词作定语的用法讲解，大家可以参考学习。 一、名词作定语的基本原则 名词作定语原则上用单数，不用复数。如： a stone bridge 石桥(不能说a stones bridge) a meeting room 会议室(不能说a meetings room) morning exercise 早操(不能说a mornings exercise) a story book 故事书(不能说a stories book) a coffee cup 咖啡杯(不能说a coffees cup) a baby girl 女婴(不能说a babies girl) a school gate 校门(不能说a schools gate) eye drops眼药水(不能说eyes drops) test paper考卷(不能说tests paper) book report读书报告(不能说books report) train station火车站(不能说trains station) plane ticket机票(不能说plane tickets) pocket money零花钱（不能说pockets money） generation gap代沟（不能说generations gap） 二、用复数名词作定语的四种情形： 1. 有些只有复数形式的名词，则用复数作定语：
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：
（英语）高中英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success). 【答案】connected；frequently；has reached；as；zones；what；be spent；to put；themselves；(more) successful 【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了微信给人们带来方便的同时，也存在着一些弊端。 （1）句意：随着现代技术的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，不管他们相距多远。系动词stay后，用形容词connected“有联系的”，stay connected with“与……保持联系”。故填connected。 （2）句意：微信是中国最常用的交流方式之一。修饰形容词used，用副词。故填frequently。 （3）句意：据报道，到目前为止，微信的用户数量已经超过11亿。so far做时间状语时，应使用现在完成时，the number of做主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。 （4）句意：一旦加入微信，人们可以发现越来越多的人开始添加他们作为朋友。根据句意，此处使用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。 （5）句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。“时区”是复数意义，前面没有冠词，应用名词复数形式。故填zones。 （6）句意：人们可以很方便地通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。____6____ they are doing by WeChat是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中做doing宾语，表“正在做的事情”，应使用what引导。故填what。 （7）句意：然而，沉迷于微信将会剥夺人们原本应该花在更重要事情上的时间。“时间”和“花费”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，由空前should可知，此处be动词使用原形。故填be spent。 （8）句意：而许多所谓的朋友根本不是真正的朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈里放广告或卖
高中英语语法：名词 1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数） These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel.（不可数） We need various steels.（可数） c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系 2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷 4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。 2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。 3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
【教学设计】 壱. 题型分析 本节课的教学目标是： 认知目标：能够根据指定的高考题进行探究，归纳出有助于解题的技巧。 能力目标：能够将归纳出的解题步骤及技巧自如地运用。能够较好地完成限时抢答题。 弐. 教学策略 本课主要采用任务型教学法，将实践法、讨论法与多媒体电脑辅助相结合进行课堂教学， 充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，利用现代教育技术优化教学过程，扩大教学 容量，打造高效课堂。为了还学生自主权，使学生学会学，在课堂教学中巧妙运用教学艺术，鼓 励学生开口就说，提高运用语言的能力，变“讲堂”为“学堂”，变“要我学”为“我要学“，从 而从根本上打破传统的课堂教学方法，建构一种新型的现代教育模式，使学生在更轻松更 愉快的环境下实现更多的信息交流，向课堂教学要效益的最终目的。 三．教学步骤 教学过程分为以下几个环节：导入设计、新课呈现、巩固操练、课后作业四个环节。 Step1 导入设计 准备了简单的句子填空，此活动旨在让全班学生能够做起来，动起来，激发学生学习兴趣 和情绪。 Step 2 技巧点拨 1.研读首句(段)，预测全文 例如：(2017 全国I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 1 process and found something that has changed my 2 at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语). 【解析】通过文章的第一句话，我们可以基本推断文章的内容，那就是作者讲述了在大学入学 初期逐渐了解并深入学习美式手语的经历，说明了环境对于探求新知识的重要性。通过学习，作者认识到“无声”的交流更复杂，更需要技巧，更需要真心投入。 【支招】我们已经知道：完形填空开篇第一句均不设空，这为我们提供了事件的背景，比如时间，地点和人物，它是文章的关键句。也提供了足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，是理解文章大意的重要信息和主要线索。而尾句通常是文章的点睛之笔，往往也揭开了文章 的寓意或者教育意义，所以了解首尾句在解题过程中非常重要。 2.根据上下文语境，通过合理推断来解题 例题1. (2017 全国I) I never felt an urge to 3 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 4 languages were enough in all my interactions ( 交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 5 for ASL. 【解析】3. C 根据本句中的language，结合下文I only learned how to 13 the alphabet that day，可知之前，我从未有过学习任何手语的紧迫感。 【解析】4. D 根据前文的my entire family is hearing 可知，这里的语言与口语有关，我掌握的 口头语言在我的交往中已经足够了。 【解析】5. A 根据下文的that the silence was not unpleasant 可知，作者发现已经爱上了学习手语，我简直不知道我将爱上美式手语的。 【支招】考生要学会使用“双语境”来判断解题。“双语境”就是指大语境和小语境。大语境指的 是全文的中心和基调，必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确的答案来。而小语境指的