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高中英语名词短语练习题40题【含答案解析】1.The book on the table is mine. What's in the box?A.a penB.some booksC.an appleD.a ruler答案解析：C。
选项A“a pen”是一支钢笔；选项B“some books”一些书；选项C“an apple”一个苹果；选项D“a ruler”一把尺子。
题干中问盒子里有什么，根据常识和语境，盒子里放一个苹果比较合理。
“an apple”是由不定冠词“an”和名词“apple”组成的名词短语。
其他选项与题干中的盒子联系不紧密。
2.There is a beautiful girl in the park. Who is she?A.my sisterB.the teacherC.a studentD.an actress答案解析：A。
选项A“my sister”我的妹妹；选项B“the teacher”老师；选项C“a student”一个学生；选项D“an actress”一位女演员。
题干中说公园里有一个漂亮女孩，从人物关系和可能性来说，“my sister”比较符合。
“my sister”是由形容词性物主代词“my”和名词“sister”组成的名词短语。
其他选项与公园中的女孩联系不大。
3.I need to buy some fruits. What should I buy?A.apples and orangesB.books and pensC.clothes and shoesD.toys and games答案解析：A。
选项A“apples and oranges”苹果和橘子；选项B“books and pens”书和笔；选项C“clothes and shoes”衣服和鞋子；选项D“toys and games”玩具和游戏。
题干中说需要买水果，所以“apples and oranges”符合。
第一章：名词、语法点及练习1、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数，大多把f 或fe 改为v,再加-es ；也有一些直接加-s 或两种形式皆可。
（1）、将f 或fe 改为v,再加-es 的有thief （小偷），wife （妻子），life （生活），self （自己），leaf(叶子)，wolf （狼），shelf （架子），knife （刀子），half （一半）等。
这种情况可熟记下面一句话：（2）直接在后面加-s 的有gulf(海湾)，cliff （悬崖）,roof(屋顶)，chief （首领），belief （信仰），serf （农奴），proof （证据）等。
这种情况可熟记下面这段话：$（3）、两种形式皆可有的handkerchief （手帕），scarf（手帕），dwarf （矮子），wharf （码头），hoof （蹄）。
这种情况可熟记下面一句话：汉译英》他按照自己的信念做事。
He acted in accordance with his believes .He acted in accordance with his beliefs .她房间里有两个书架，竖在长着大叶子的花的旁边。
There are two shelfs in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leafs .There are two shelves in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leaves .选择The ＿＿＿of these cottages were covered with ＿＿＿.^A. roofs ； leafsB. roofs ； leavesC. roovs ； leafsD. rooves ； leaves2、以-o 结尾的名词变复数以-o 结尾的名词变复数时有两种情况：（1）、词尾加-s, 主要有bamboo （竹子），radio （收音机），zoo （动物园），photo （照片），piano （钢琴），kilo(公斤)等。
高中英语语法专题复习练习---名词一、单选题1.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered by a robot.A. scissorsB. sectionC. skinD. sympathy2.He graduated from a medical research ______ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.A. dataB. attendanceC. contextD. institute3.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.A. commitmentB. appointmentC. instrumentD. requirement4.The employer will bear 80% medical ______ for the employee during the employment period.A. discountB. fareC. feeD. fine5.The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.A. distanceB. reachC. limitD. arrival6.The of an area of land is a line in people's imagination that separates it from other areas.A. boundaryB. hurdleC. ceilingD. neighborhood7.Finding information in today's world is easy. The________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. knowledgeB. abilityC. competitionD. challenge8.The League member is brave, honest and hard-working. In a word, he is a good boy of many______.A. qualitiesB. principlesC. rewardsD. opinions9.Still a little left on the chair, seeing that, Grandma shouted to the little boy.A. bread, wasB. breads, wereC. bread, wereD. breads, was10.What Darwin said was an attack on people's religious .A. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefesD. believes11.Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source of ________.A. inspirationB. compositionC. occupationD. combination12.What is known to my families is that many are in my brother's album.A. stampB. stampsC. booksD. stampes13.The students didn't find much______ about the topic on the website.A. reportB. articleC. informationD. progress14.In universities in China, classes are often arranged in more flexible ___ and a lot of jobs areoffered to the students after graduation.A. patternsB. ranksC. gradesD. scales15.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________.A. theoryB. stormC. routineD. project16.For years，scientists have been worried about the________of air pollution on the earth'snatural conditions.A. effectB. resultC. accountD. cause17.How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for anywesterner to learn such a totally different language.A. adventureB. achievementC. trendD. challenge18.Thanks to the special chemical ________ of the soil in the mountainous area, this economicplant grows well there.A. compositionB. competenceC. constructionD. conclusion19.Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you'll see one small step that started it all.A. reputationB. expectationC. recreationD. foundation20.Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and_________.A. burdenB. depressionC. benefitD. sacrifice21.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____________ of global climate change.A. resultB. causeC. warningD. reflection22.—Whose umbrella is it?—It's ________.A. somebody else'sB. Somebody elseC. Somebody's else'sD. Somebody's else23.An important component of any trip to a ______ you haven't visited is a map.A. destinationB. dimensionC. dictationD. distinction24."May I take your order now?" "We'd like three black _______ and two green _______."A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas25.The rising crime is a major_______ of society.A. responsibilityB. conditionC. causeD. concern26.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.A. appreciationB. agreementC. attentionD. achievement27.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance28.He sold this car for only 2000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful________.A. costB. worthC. valueD. bargain29.Excuse me, can you change this for me?A. five-pound noteB. five pound noteC. five-pound notesD. five pounds notes30.People with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative _______ from superiors.A. considerationB. consequencesC. expectationsD. reactions31.Take it easy. As your best friend, I will help you in my ________.A. powerB. forceC. energyD. strength32.Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .A. distinctionB. innovationC. potentialD. appreciation33.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________ .A. attemptB. experimentC. flightD. glance34.I asked her if she would attend Barbara's party to be held the next week, but she made no______.A. responseB. explanationC. conceptD. affection35.When I turned back, I noticed again there was no _________of him in the mirror.A. pictureB. shadowC. reflectionD. figure36.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick37.If people find out what you are doing here, it will completely ruin your________.A. fortuneB. chanceC. destinationD. reputation38.He wanted to look for a(n) _________suited to his abilities.A. pensionB. preventionC. occupationD. permission39.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A. requireB. inquireC. acquireD. address40.Judging from her _________, I guess she must come from the West of America.A. voiceB. soundC. noiseD. accent41.The ______ is the degree to which something is good or bad.A. qualityB. quantityC. scale42.Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this______ out of the long-existing discrimination.A. conceptB. responsibilityC. identityD. personality43.Have you heard the traffic ________that happened in Yatai Street last week?A. accidentB. affairC. incidentD. event二、语法填空44.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ________ (describe)．45.The cinema has little________ (attract) for some people.46.Some students hold the view that universities should be centers of ________ (cultural).47.The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the ________ (challenge) faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.48.Good books are of great ________ (valuable) to students.5答案一、单选题1.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。
高中英语语法练习-名词专项练习含答案解析A．ns B．n C．nsD．nes1.There are only twelve women doctors in the hospital.2.Mr。
Smith has two brothers-in-law。
both of whom are teachers in a school.3."How many stomachs does a cow have?" "Four."4.Some Germans visited our school last Wednesday.5.The roofs of the building are covered with lots of leaves.6.When the farmer returned home。
he found three sheep missing.7.That was a fifty horsepower engine.8.My father often gives me much advice.9.Mary broke a teacup while she was washing up.10.Can you give us some n about the writer?11、I had a cup of tea and two pieces of bread this morning.12、As is known to us all。
light travels much faster than sound.13、She told him of all her hopes and fears.14、The rising water did a lot of harm to the crops.15、How far away is it from here to your school。
高中英语名词专项练习考点一名词的数名词的数是指名词的单数与复数，可数与不可数。
可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有复数形式。
1．可数名词单复数的变化规则①可数名词复数的规则变化(1)常考的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
一：常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, wishes, greetings, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷；文件), times(时代)等。
二：有些表示学科的名词，虽然以-s结尾，但是是单数含义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：maths数学，physics物理学，economics经济学,politics政治学,statistics统计学。
三：word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
考点二名词的格1．’s所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the title of the article文章的标题the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字一，表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。
a week’s holiday一周的假thirty minutes’ ride 三十分钟的车程二，表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, office, house, home 等常省去。
at the doctor’s (office) 在(医生的)诊所里at Mr.Green’s (house) 在格林先生家三，表示国家，城市，天体等的名词常用“-s”结构。
（完整版）高中英语语法讲解与练习<< 语法 >> 学案第一讲冠词口诀: 冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“—”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前不定冠词a/an的用法:不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。
"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音开头的词前。
判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。
一般情况下，开头字母是a、e、f、h、j、l、m、n、o、r、s、x前用不定冠词an。
1.在可数名词单数形式前表示"一":There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。
2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。
3. 表示"某一个"的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。
4. 表示"同一"的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。
5. 表示"每一"的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次。
6. 在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在英国英语中，以"h"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用"an" There is a/an hotel near here.这附近有一家旅馆。
动名词一、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。
v-ing能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
其时态和语二、1.动词-ing形式作定语The sleeping baby looks very beautiful. (前置定语)这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。
The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter.(后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。
The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving.(后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律)正在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。
(1)现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的分词作定语时可置于被修饰词的前面，也可置于被修饰词的后面。
(2)现在分词的完成时的主动及被动形式均不作后置定语。
2．动词-ing形式作状语。
(1)作时间状语。
Working in the office, the clerk heard an explosion from the street.在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。
Having finished her homework, the girl was busy with the thing she likes.完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。
动词-ing形式一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词－ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
(2)作原因状语。
Lacking enough money, they had to give up the plan.由于缺乏足够的资金，他们只好放弃这项计划。
(3)作条件状语。
Getting the chance to study abroad, he will try his best to improve himself.(4)作结果状语。
高中英语语法：名词讲解(1)名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词，有专有名词和普通名词之分，还有可数名词与不可数名词之分。
一般情况加-s，清辅音后读/s/ map-maps，浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s，sh，ch，x 等结尾加-es 读/iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce，se，ze，等结尾加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es 读/z/ baby-babies1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。
例如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeys holiday---holidays2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs；b. 去f，fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief：handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。
年级高三班级学生姓名科目：英语制作人：吴俊教导处审批专题：名词一．复习目标：我能掌握名词在高考中的考点；我能做对相应的名词变式训练。
二．知识梳理三．能力提升: 知识结构图1. 单复数同形的名词：sheep; deer; works; means2. 只修饰可数名词的词：many; few; several; many a(+单数); a number of; quite a few3. 只修饰不可数名词的词：(a) little; much; a bit of ; a great deal of; a large amount of4. 既可修饰不可数又可修饰可数名词的词：some; any; enough; plenty of; a lot of; quantities of; most; all 四．视野拓展：语法填空Sometimes Chinese English teachers 1._____________(puzzle) by such questions as “Can you tell me how to read smoothly?”“Have you got any skills in reading comprehension?" Actually, many of the teachers can't give students 2.________ efficient way to deal with reading.Anyway,3.________ often simply say, "Read more and practice more, and you 4.______ (get) more experience in reading comprehension." Frankly, these teachers' good 5.________ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students' interest in reading 6.________ not helpful to deal with the questions in the examinations of reading comprehension. Personally, I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 7.________ the knowledge of English writing. Since the English passages are written under some rules or principles, the science of reading and understanding may have a close relationship with writing. Reading comprehension can't be independent from the knowledge of writing. So 8.________ (do) better in reading comprehension, we should learn the knowledge of writing, study 9.________ questions are designed and the relationship 10.________ questions and the reading materials.五. 巩固诊断1. Just get out of there, and whatever you’re doing, do it to the best of your ________________(able).2. Take a look at the Learning Guide for some additional ____________________(explain).3. I’ve got to give you some________________(advise) to help you with your attitude.4. The jobs of the future will demand problem-solving skills and creative ___________________(approach) to work.5. Those suffer from headache will find they get ______from this medicine.A. reliefB. safetyC. defenseD. shelter6. James took the magazines off the little table to make ______for the television.A. roomB. areaC. fieldD. position7. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good______. A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization8. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct_______.A. solutionB. targetC. measureD. function9. She has a ______of playing with her hair when she’s nervous.A. senseB. practiceC. customD. habit10. He was a much older player but he had the great ______of experience.A. interestB. successC. advantageD. honor11. The increase in home computers means that families now have much easier ______to information.A. measureB. accessC. wayD. method12. With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _____for the better.A. shareB. chanceC. turnD. lead六．补漏积典1.such2. an3. they4. will get5. suggestions6. but7. on8. to do9. how 10. between。
高中词法练习题及讲解### 高中英语词法练习题及讲解#### 练习题1. 名词复数形式- The child is playing in the park. (变为复数)- There are many mouse in the house. (纠正错误)2. 动词时态- She reads a book every evening. (改为过去时)- They were playing football when I arrived. (改为一般现在时)3. 形容词比较级和最高级- He is the tallest in his class. (改为比较级)- This is more interesting than that one. (改为最高级)4. 冠词的使用- I have a university degree. (判断是否正确)- There is a book on the table. (判断是否正确)5. 代词的使用- He likes playing basketball, and he is good at it. (判断是否正确)- That is my book. That is yours. (判断是否正确)6. 介词的使用- The cat is on the roof. (改为表示时间的介词)- I will meet you at the station. (改为表示地点的介词)7. 动词不定式和动名词- To see is to believe. (改为动名词)- She enjoys reading books. (改为动词不定式)8. 连词的使用- He is not only a good teacher but also a good friend.(改为表示转折的连词)- Because he was tired, he went to bed early. (改为表示原因的连词)#### 讲解1. 名词复数形式- 规则名词复数通常在词尾加"-s"，不规则名词复数形式需要特别记忆。
动名词与现在分词的区别三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态、被动语态、一般式writing、being written、完成式having written、having been written其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
如：I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
如：I don‟t remember having met him before.3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
（1）它的一般式表示。
如：I don‟t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
（2）它的完成式表示。
如：I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。
如：Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don‟t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。
如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。
（一）名词的分类1.把下列单词填入下面的表格中:bread , beauty , tea, baby, people, horror , mercy, city, zoo, bag, courage, cattle, audience,oil, wine , police2.挑出下列单词中的专有名词desk ,WHO, brush , Maria , mile, WTO（二）名词的数1.可数名词的规则变化汉译英一张书桌五英里一副眼镜十架钢琴六张照片两把刀子2.可数名词的不规则变化(1)将下列名词变为复数foot→tooth→mouse→woman→sheep→goose→deer→means→Swiss→medium→(2)写出画线单词的汉语意思I .a.My mother does a lot of work every day.b.This is a work by Mo Yan.ll .a.Do you prefer fish or beef?b.There are 3 fish in my tank.c.There are many different fishes in river.(3)用is或are填空a.My family very big.b. His family waiting for him.c.The whole class discussing the question.d.I think Class One likely to win，because Class One all football lovers.(4)把下列复合名词变成复数bookshelf→daughter-in-law→editor in chief→go-between→woman cook→3.常见的不可数名词单项填空1)——What do you think of their new house?——It's very modern，but they have some antique in it.A.furnitureB. furnituresC. piece of furnituresD. piece of furniture2)I will need about the climate before I make the final decision.A.a few informationB. a little informationsC.a little informationD. a few informations3) wonderful space they saw on the moon !A.HowB.How aC. WhatD. What a4) to have a talk with those humorous persons.A.What a fun it isB. How funnyC.It's such a funD.What fun it is4.写出画线单词的汉语意思a.Failure is the mother of success.b. Success came after many failures.c. He suddenly appeared on a rainy night，which was a great surprise to us.d.There was a white hair on his head.e.His physics paper was greatly appreciated by people.f.“Two beers，please !”said the young man.5.不可数名词和可数名词的相互转换单项填空A.a;aB.the;/C.the ;theD./ ;the2) ——What do you think of the new manager of your department!——Oh,he is manager who's pleasant to work with. I mean,it is pleasure to work with him.A.a;/B.a;aC.a;theD.the;a3) of this novel is excellent，quite to my surprise.A.TranslationB.TranslateC.The translationD.A translation4) ——Is this bridge made of ?——Yes,it is made of 23 ,000 huge .A. stone ; stoneB. stones ; stonesC.stone ; stonesD.stones ;stone5) My aunt has beautiful long ，but I can see some white .A.hair; hairB.hairs ;hairC.hair ;hairsD.hairs ;hairs6) There are two in our class.A.LiuB.LiusC.Liu'sD.Lius'7) I don't think the experiment is failure. At least we have gained experience.A.a;/B.the ;theC.a;theD.a;a8) When you finish reading the book，you will have better understanding of life.A.a;theB.the;aC./ ;theD.a;/（三）名词的格1. 's所有格的构成英汉互译a.China's industry Teachers' Dayat the barber's a master's degree in hour's driveb.老板的命令步行两小时的路程男厕所儿童节他女婿的家在裁缝店一个博士学位2.of所有格填空a.课文的题目一个房子的屋顶老年人的幸福年轻人的问题b.the cost of living the door of the housethe population of China the city of Beijing.3.双重所有格选择(从两个选项中选出一个正确选项)a.我的一些学生A.some students of meB. some students of mineb.玛丽的两个朋友A.two friends of Mary'sB.two friends from Mary's（四）名词的修饰语1.普通修饰语把下列名词的修饰语按其功能填入表格的正确位置many a, much，plenty of,a couple of，dozens of,a bit of, enough, scores of, a large amount of, quantities of,a large number of, a good deal of，masses of2.其他修饰语英汉互译①一个茶杯②一朵纸花③一个寒冷的夜晚④上面的问题⑤sports clothes⑥an amazing student⑦a man in black⑧a question that we re discussing（五）名词的功能1.请写出每句话中画线名词的功能(所作的成分)a. Knowledge is power.b.People today are facing lots of pressure.c.We try our best to make our country a developed country.d.This is the reason for being late.e. Bird flu,a new disease，has no effective cure.f.I'm home，mum.e this way.h.a movie star2.名词作定语翻译a.a silk handkerchiefa shoe factorya car park.b.一家牛仔裤店一场运动会家眼镜店一、名词（一）名词的分类1.答案①baby，city，zoo，bag②people，cattle，audience，police③bread，tea，oil，wine④beauty horror，mercy，courage2.答案WHO 世界卫生组织Maria 玛丽亚WTO 世界贸易组织（二）名词的数1.答案a desk，5 miles，a pair of gasses，10 pianos，6 photos，2 knives.2.答案(1) teeth，feet，mice，women，geese，sheep，means，deer，Swiss，media.(2) I.a.工作b.一部作品c.一家化工厂II.a.鱼肉b.三条鱼c.很多种不同的鱼(3)a.is b.are c.are d.is；are(4) bookshelves daughters-in-law editors in chief go-betweens women cooks3.答案1)A 句意：——你认为他们的新房子怎么样?——非常现代，但里面也有一些古典家具。
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（一） 可数名词和不可数名词 1． 什么是不可数名词？ 1）物质名词 glass, tea 2）抽象名词 beauty, youth 3) 科学名称 physics, maths 练习：找出不可数名词 boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music homework bread blood dress news milk dustman 2．不可数名词变成可数名词 1）词义发生改变 time—times work---works wood—woods sand—sands cloth—clothes glass—glasses 2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper 练习；填入恰当的量词 a ________________ of good news (条) a ________________ of trousers (条) a ________________ of advice ( 条) a ________________ of coffee (杯 ) a ________________ of oil (滴) a ________________ of matches (盒) a ________________ of glasses (副) a ________________ of ink (瓶) a ________________ of tea (壶) two ______________ of fish (盘) three ______________ of rice (袋) six ________________ of clothes (套) （二）．可数名词的复数构成 A. 规则变化 构成法 例词 一般情况在词尾加______ Desk------desks 以___ ____ ____ ____结尾加 ______ Bus ------buses 以____ 结尾的加_____ Face-----faces 以辅音+______结尾，变____为_____加 _________ Baby------babies 以辅音+ _____结尾加______ Tomoto-----tomatoes 以元音+ _____结尾加______ Radio -----radios 以____或____结尾，变Life----lives ___/____ 为____, 加 _____ 练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。 1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month 5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class 9) family 10) country 11) boy 12) key 13) leaf 14) thief 15)hero 16)photo B. 不规则变化 1. 单复同形 deer sheep fish Chinese Japanese means 2. 只有复数形式 people police cattle clothes trousers, glasses 3. 不规则变化 man---- men woman---- women foot ----- feet tooth-----teeth mouse ------mice child-----children German------Germans 4. 复合名词的复数 1) 将后一部分变成复数 Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen grown-up----grown-ups 2) 将主要成分变成复数 looker-on----lookers-on son-in-law----sons-in-law 3) 如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数 men doctors women singers 练习： roof________ woman driver________________ step-mother_______________ sheep _____________ Japanese __________________sister-in-law__________________ （二） 名词所有格 1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加’s Mr Li’s house The cat’s food James’ dog The dogs’ food 2. 表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示 The leg of the desk the cover of the magazine 3. 在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。 Two months’ time Today’s newspaper fifty pounds’ weight 4. 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home. The doctor’s the tailor’s my uncle’s the barber’s 5. 名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示 a friend of John’s that bike of Tom’s 6. 某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+’s . Jane and Fred’s mother Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car Tom’s and Tim’s car
高中英语语法名词的句法功能用法讲解名词的句法功能的用法名同可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾(主)语补足语、状语、同位语等成分。
I.名词作主语、宾语The book is very interesting.The boy broke his leg last weekHe lost the game.2.名词作表请、宾(主)语补足语She is a liar.We cansider him a good teacher.He was appointed ambnasador to Great Britain.3.名词作定语名词作定语时涌常要使用单数形式，如:evening paper, night club, Jam分tree, hearttrouble, srierwe fiction, fire wall等，但有时也要用复数形式，如:.eporls car, careers guidance,savings bank等。
The winter vacation is coming.The world is faced with population explosion and enerV crisis. In American. people pay sales tax an many items they buy.4.名词作状语He stayere (for) five days.The mceg lastedors.5.名饲作同位语I, yourfather, should advise you about your marriage.He a famous writer, is easy to get along with.[ like He mingwu works, especially The Old Man and the Sea.The daily neccssitics-that is clothes, food, water, etc.-were supplied.。
语法专题1、动名词知识点综述2、动名词重难点讲解重难点1：动名词作主语（1）动名词有名词的性质，高考中通常会考察动名词作主语。
动名词作主语通常考察两种形式doing 和being done 。
主要可以通过跟逻辑主语的主被动关系来确定其形式。
另外，动名词作主语时, 句子的谓语动词常用单数。
例：Being educated in a top university is the dream of every high school student.（2）动词的-ing 形式作主语时，为了平衡句子结构，也可用it 作形式主语而把动名词置后。
常考的形式主语句型有：【句型一】It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, + doingIt’s fun doing shopping in small markets.It’s a waste of time arguing about this.【句型二】There’s no doing... = It’s impossible to do...There’s no denying that China has made great progress in the past decades.There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what may happen.There is no point doing so much homework every day without thinking if it is worthwhile.动名词知识点综述动名词的基本形式doing, being done;having done; 1.动名词作主语句型 2.识记用动名词作宾语的动词（组） 动名词复合结构的构成sb. /sb’s doing (作主语只能用sb’s doing)重难点2：动名词作宾语（1）作动词的宾语：常见的只能接动名词不能接不定式作宾语的动词, 记住下列动词可以避免在使用时产生错误。
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名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句.引导词:主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语,如what, who, which, when, where, how， why等(一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who， whose, whom， what, which。
有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where， why， how.有词义，在从句中担任成分,作状语.3、连接词：that, whether， if, as if。
that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略;if （whether）， as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分.注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。
连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否)，as if（好象)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用.根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）.一、主语从句与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。
1 名词 一、名词的分类 专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 专有名词 抽象名词 不可数名词
物质名词 普通名词 集体名词 个体名词 可数名词 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 Proper Nouns： 指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称 Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 Common Nouns：一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词 1. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2. Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。 His family _____ not large. His family ______ all music lovers. 有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police. Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。 Eg: The police are looking for him. 3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。 Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil 一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况： 1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种” Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份) Three beers, please. (三杯) It was a special tea. (一种) 2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。 Eg: rains （雨季） sands （沙滩） snows (积雪) waters(海域)… 4.Abstract Nouns:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc. 多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。 Eg: He’s learning French for fun. I wish you good luck. 抽象名词转化为可数名词。 2
Failure is the mother of success. (失败与成功在此为抽象概念) As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child. (成功者，失败者，可数) 二、名词的数不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。 例如：health, advice, glass, wood, English, America 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。 可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形式有以下几种： 情况 加法 例词 一般情况 加-s brothers; schools 以s, x, ch, sh,结尾的词 加-es buses; watches; dishes 以辅音＋y结尾的词 去y加-ies ladies; countries 以f或fe结尾的词 把f/fe改成ves halves; leaves Notes: 1. stomach -- stomachs 2. 以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s. Eg: boys; toys; Henrys 3. 以-o 结尾的名词+ es在课本中出现的有hero, potato, tomato；其余以-o结尾的词+ s: (photo, piano, radio, bamboo ,zoo…) 4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词：proofs; gulfs; cliffs; roofs; serfs; beliefs; chiefs handkerchief（手帕，手绢）的复数形式两者都可以。 不规则变化： 变内部元音：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese ,mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen 词尾加-en或ren：ox-oxen, child-children ouse – ice：mouse-mice; louse-lice（虱子） 有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg: analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crises criterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media 单复数相同的情况：sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese; Japanese 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。 Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu 只有复数形式的情况：trousers(裤子); glasses(眼镜); compasses(圆规) a pair of thanks; clothes; remains; goods; people; cattle “某国人”的复数形式： •单、复数相同 Chinese, Japanese, Swiss,… •词尾加-s Africans, Asians, Canadians, Australians, Italians,…… •变man为men Englishman---Englishmen, Frenchman---Frenchmen 但：German---Germans 复合名词的复数形式：1.一般将主体名词变为复数。father-in-law → fathers-in-law, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 2.无主体名词的在词尾加复数。如：grown-ups, good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens （中间人），look-outs（守望者） 3.由man, woman,构成的复合名词应将前后两个词都变成复数。men-doctors, women-drivers, women-singers •boyfriends, girlfriends, boy students, girl students 3
有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。 beauty(美，美貌)---a beauty(一个美人/物) danger(危险)—a danger(一件危险的事/人) failure(失败)—a failure(一件失败的事/人) honour(光荣)—an honour(带来荣誉的/或事) pity(遗憾)—a pity(一件可惜的事) success(成功)—a success(一件成功的事/人) surprise(惊奇)—a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事) pleasure(乐趣)—a pleasure(一件有趣的事) worry(担心)—a worry(一件令人担心的事) experience(经验)—an experience(一次经历) service(服务)—a service(一个服务机构) 英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。 a poem(一首诗) poetry(诗歌总称) a machine(一台机器) machinery(机器总称) a job(一件工作) work(工作) a laugh(一个笑声) laughter(笑声) a permit(许可证) permission(允许) a garment (一件衣裳) clothing(衣裳总称) a bag(case) (一件行李) luggage, baggage(行李) a loaf (一只面包) bread(面包) a hair(一根头发) hair(头发) 几个名词的特殊用法1. hair His hair is white.（他的头发是白的。） He has a few grey hairs.（他有几根白的头发。） 2. fruit The fruit is sweet. He likes pears, peaches, grapes and other fruits. 3. police The police are searching for the murderer. dozen, score two (many, several) dozen pencils three dozen of them / these pencils dozens of students two score of students scores of people word（消息，通知）, man（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用单数。 三、名词的格英语中的名词（代词）有三个格：主格、宾格、所有格。 所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语，它有两种形式：一种是由名词词尾加’s构成，另一种是由介词of加名词构成，前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命的东西。 所有格的形式： 1. 一般的名词所有格在后面加 ’s：Mary’s book 2. 以 –s 结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加’：Teachers’ Day, the students’ reading-room 3. 以 –s 结尾的专有名词所有格：Engels’s works 或Engels’ works 4. 复合名词的所有格是在其词尾加 ’s： his mother-in-law’s photo the editor-in-chief’s opinion
