Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is It Appr opriate for College Students to Rent Apartments Outside Campus? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 简单说明目前大学生在外租房情况
2. 对这种情况进行利弊分析
3. 根据利弊分析得出结论，表明观点
Is It Appropriate for College Students to Rent Apartments Outside Campus
Part ⅠWriting
Is It Appropriate for College Students to Rent Apartments Outside Campus?
Nowadays, many university students do not like to live in a dorm in the campus, but choose t o rent apartments outside. If we want to know whether it is appropriate to do so, we should analyz e its advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of living outside campus are obvious. Students who live outside can enjoy m ore freedom and have more independence. For senior students, they may also have more opportuni ties for jobs. But there are also many disadvantages. For instance, they may have less time to kno
w other students, they have to spend time traveling forth and back, their life may be less interestin g, and it is obviously more expensive and less safe to live outside.
Considering the advantages and disadvantages, I think students should decide according to th eir own situations. If they want to save money and have more time to study and more contacts wit h other students, it is better for them to live inside the campus. But if they value freedom and inde pendence more than anything else and do not have to worry about the costs, it is also appropriate f or them to rent a room or an apartment outside the campus. Whatever they decide, their decisions should be appropriate for themselves.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer t he questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-4,mark
Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Reading for Life
Today is the first day of the rest of your life. How can reading fill it to overflowing with adve nture, richness, and fullness?
Your Pleasure-giving Skill
Skills are skills. Pleasures are pleasures. But some skills are lasting pleasures. Such is reading. Listen to Hazilitt---"The greatest pleasure in life is that of reading." Or Macauly--- "I would rathe r be a poor man in a garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love reading." To them an d countless others all over the world, reading is a source of the deepest and fullest enjoyment. That 's true from early school days to days of leisure and retirement.
Your Fountain of Youth
Reading is more than that. It can be your fountain of youth. Virginia Woolf said, "The true re ader is essentially young." One of your major problems is how to stay alive as long as you live. So me die at 30 but are not buried until they're 70. With some, youth slips away before being properly savored. Reading provides a spring of living water, refreshing and life-giving. Stay young for life with reading.
Your Dream-fulfillment Aid
Part of youth lies in dreaming---dreaming impossible dreams that you can sometimes make p ossible. Robert F. Kennedy said this, “Some men see things as they are and say ‘Why?' I dream thi ngs that neve r were and say ‘Why not?'" Certain books push the boundaries of the human mind ou
t beyond belief. After all, a little bit of greatness hides in everyone. Let books bring it into full blo om.
Your Know-thyself Aid
What's your most important quest? Finding yourself. Finding your own identity. The Greeks epitomized that problem in two words: Know yourself. Well, articles and books help in that all-im portant search. They supply assurance of the power and worth of your own life, a measure of your possibilities.
To see yourself in proper perspective, you need detailed picture of real people in real situatio ns. We need to see three-dimensional characters, with all the typical human fears and limitations. Then, and only then, can you begin to see and know yourself as you should.
Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant
What about practical questions, such as those about your vocation? Will reading help you dec ide more intelligently what to do, how to prepare yourself and how to succeed on the job?
To answer the first question, you have to know your own talents, abilities, and interests well. You must also, however, know the opportunities in the world around you. Some Bureau of Labor Statistics, for example, predicted a surplus of approximately two million school teachers. Still anot her source indicated that right now "the health fields are the only fields in which we have shortage s." Balance such information with self-knowledge and you have some of the ingredients needed to make intelligent, perceptive choices.
Second, you've decided on a career. How and where do you get the required preparation? Ag ain, turn to reading. You'll probably find a listing of school programs to choose from. You may ev en find them rated. If so, you'll know exactly where to go for the best possible preparation.
Third, don't stop yet. You've selected a career and trained yourself. Learn on reading now to help you succeed on the job. A variety of magazines and books will provide guidance and help.
But that's not all. The day of only one lifetime career may be almost over. All too often, chan ge throws hundreds out of work. Change hits the aircraft industry, for example. Result? Hundreds of well-qualified engineers suddenly out on the street.
If you manage things well, keeping a close eye on changing conditions. You can avoid the pa in of waking up to find yourself out of a job. Through reading develop some new skills and interes ts. Then if conditions change, you can slip with comparative ease from one field into another, hard ly breaking stride.
Most of the things taught in school-typing, shorthand, key punching, language, farming, busi ness management-are readily available in interesting self-help articles and books. Let them smooth your path in any new direction you decide to take.
Your Experience Extender
What's the best teacher? Experience, of course! It's priceless. It comes from what you yoursel f have seen, heard, tasted, smelled, and felt --- what you yourself have lived through.
Take a closer look. Look at our limitations. No wonder experience is so precious. We can't be gin to get enough of it. We can't even experience again what we just lived through. We're not born with instant replay. We can't actually relive any moment. And, obviously, we're limited to one life time.
Space and time! How they limit us. Who has a time machine to carry him back into history? No one. It's the same with space. We can't literally be in two places at the same time. Right now y ou can't be sitting where you are and at the same time be strolling down the famed Champs Elysee s in Paris.
Here's where reading fits. It can bring us almost unlimited additional experience. To be sure, it's secondhand experience. But it's often so vivid that it seems firsthand, just as if we're living thro ugh it ourselves, being moved to tears, laughter, or suspense. That rich range of experience provid es the ideal supplement to our own limited experience. In this way, reading becomes one of our m ost profound mind-shaping activities.
Furthermore, all this experience is available when we want it. Books never impose on us. Wh en we want them, we reach out and pull them off the shelf or table. At our convenience we invite t hem to share their unbelievable wealth with us.
Carlyle sums this all up nicely, "All that mankind has done, thought, gained, or been; it is lyi ng as in magic preservation in the pages of books." Help yourself! Make reading your experience-extender for the rest of your life.
1. According to the passage, reading is the lasting pleasure.
2. Reading provides all the people in the world with a source of deepest and fullest enjoymen t.
3. Reading is a fountain of youth in that one can always learn something new from books and never cease to be young in spirit.
4. The passage explains how books help fulfill your long-cherished dreams.
5. To find your own identity simply means__________________.
6. To make an intelligent decision on what to do, you should have an adequate knowledge of your own _________________________.
7. According to the author, reading is even ________________ after you have selected a care er and trained yourself.
8. You should develop some new skills and interests with the help of books in order to prepar
e for _____________________.
9. Though our experience is limited by __________________, reading can bring us unlimited additional secondhand experience.
10. Carlyle calls on people to make reading their _________ for the rest of their life.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y本题的判断依据为文章第一个小标题下的第三、四句"But some skills are lasting ple asures. Such is reading.(阅读能给人以持久的快乐。)"由此我们可判定本句与原文所述之意相符。
2. N本题的判断依据为文章第一个小标题下倒数第二句"To them and countless others all over the world, reading is a source of deepest and fullest enjoyment.(对于他们和世界上无数其他的人来说,阅读是带给他们最大限度享受和快乐的源泉。)"据此我们可知并非指世界上所有的人。
3. Y本题判断依据为文章第二个小标题下面的一段。该段讲述了阅读犹如一泉活水,使我们精神振奋,给予我们生命,阅读能使我们终身保持年轻,由此我们可判定本题的表述与原文所述之意相符。
4. NG本题解题依据为第三个小标题下面一段。该段讲述了我们要敢于梦想不可能实现的梦想,因为我们阅读的某些书籍能引领我们去实现,但本段并未提及阅读的书籍如何帮助我们去实现心存已久的梦想。
5. to know yourself 本题有关认识自我的问题，定位于小标题Your Know-thyself Aid第一段。答案是古希腊人给的两个字：Know thyself，意即know yourself。
6. talents, abilities and interests 本题有关职业问题，定位于小标题Your Vocational Couns elor and Consultant中。解题依据为该部分的第一段以及第二段第一句。
7. indispensable 本题有关找到工作和经过训练之后的读书问题，解题的主要依据是小标题Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant的第四段，该段之后的段落谈的都是读书对变换工作的重要性。另外本题的答案也可以是important, useful等。
8. unexpected change 本题有关工作变化问题，定位于小标题Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant下的第五、六、七段，通读这几段，即可确定答案。
9. time and space 本题有关读书有助于扩充阅历的问题，定位于小标题Your Experience Extender的第三段，该段的第一、二句就是答案的依据"Space and time! How they limit us."
10. experience-extender本题提到的Carlyle出现在文章最后一段，根据该段的最后一句"Make reading your experience-extender for the rest of your life."即可得出答案
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest p ossible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bri ng people more choice. There will, however, be a cost: Protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend high street regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulati on.
Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsib ility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refun d(退款) when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whos e only presence in their country is on the screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of c onsumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, t he online catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a d ud purchase.
One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each other's rules. But that re quires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the "r egulation" themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.
In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and
Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA's rules are too strict, and buy from Switzer land instead.
Consumers will need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, elec tronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sort-a nd the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets t hem down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protectio n laws, not more.
47. What can people benefit from the fast-growing development of electronic commerce?
_____________________________________________________________________48. Wh en goods are faulty, who do consumers in rich countries tend to think that it is takes responsibility for everything?
_____________________________________________________________________
49. In the author's view, why do businesses place a high premium on honest dealing in the ele ctronic world?
_____________________________________________________________________
50. We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is ______________.
51. We can learn from the passage that ______________ are probably more cautious than co nsumers of the normal sort when buying things.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You sh ould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single l ine through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we can not afford in hard tim es. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon g raduation. But there is a problem in speaking of "salable skills". What skills are salable? Right no w, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. What's mor e, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the cour ses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job m arket. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.
A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemploymen t, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also s ending lambs into the lion's den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than suppose dly salable skills, and can't make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been ch eated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest lib eral skills.
52. From the passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of ____.
A) teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job market
B) a flexible curriculum that changes with the times
C) a liberal education
D) keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market
53. The word "fluctuate"(Line 5,Para.1) most probably means_______ .
A) remain steady B) change in an irregular way
C) follow a set pattern D) become worse and worse
54. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?
A) A person with the ability to learn by himself.
B) A construction worker.
C) A car repairman.
D) A person with quite a few salable skills.
55. According to the author, in developing a curriculum school should _______.
A) predict the salability of skills in the future job market
B) take the current job market into consideration
C) consider what skills are salable
D) focus on the ability to adapt to changes
56. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A) liberal arts education is being challenged now
B) schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times
C) extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning
D) many students feel cheated by the educational system
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular refor ms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses' pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options, so that they have th e same long-term interests as their shareholders.
These reforms have been widely adopted by American's larger companies, and surveys sugge st that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? T hree papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week s uggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from t hose intended.
Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accou ntable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found th at bosses with a boardroom full of outsides spend much of their time building alliances, doing pers onal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.
All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr.Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, "ind ependent" boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholder s. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link bet ween pay and performance.
To assess the impact of performance related pay, Mr.Westphal asked the bosses of 103 comp anies with sales of over $1 billion what measurements were used to determine their pay. The meas urements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researcher's big discover y was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other f actors that affect a company's overall success.
In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their a dvantage-which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a par adox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him unde r control is probably not worth having.
57. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on th
e board o
f directors?
A) To diversify the business of the corporation.
B) To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.
C) To introduce effective reforms in business management.
D) To protect the interests of the shareholders.
58. What does Professor James Westphal's study suggest?
A) Boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired result.
B) Outside board directors tend to be more independent.
C) With a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiously.
D) Cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered from the reforms.
59. The word "seduction"(Line 1,Para.4) probably means "________ ".
A) efforts to conquer
B) attempts to win over
C) endeavors to increase profits
D) exertions to understand
60. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.
B) The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.
C) Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.
D) The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.
61. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?
A) Doubtful. B) Optimistic. C) Positive. D) Approving.
Part ⅤClose (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choice s marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fit s into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throug h the centre.
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that __62__ does exist today. My wif e and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less __63__ then, however, were the new, positive __64__ that work against the digital divide. __65__,there are reasons to be __66__.
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becom es more and more __67__, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential __68__ there are. More and more __69__, afraid their countries will be left __70__, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billi on people on the planet will be __71__ together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will _
_72__ rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for __73__ world poverty that we've ever had.
Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to __74__ poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has __75__ potential.
To __76__ advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated an ti-colonial prejudices __77__ respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign inves tment is a/an __78__ of their sovereignty might well study the history of __79__ (the basic structu ral foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrast ructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is __80__ America's Second Wave infrastructu re-__81__ roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.
62. A) divide B) information C) world D) lecture
63. A) obscure B) visible C) invisible D) indistinct
64. A) forces B) obstacles C) events D) surprises
65. A) Seriously B) Entirely C) Actually D) Continuously
66. A) negative B) optimistic C) pleasant D) disappointed
67. A) developed B) centralized C) realized D) commercialized
68. A) users B) producers C) customers D) citizens
69. A) enterprises B) governments C) officials D) customers
70. A) away B) for C) aside D) behind
71. A) netted B) worked C) put D) organized
72. A) decrease B) narrow C) neglect D) low
73. A) containing B) preventing C) keeping D) combating
74. A) win B) detail C) defeat D) fear
75. A) enormous B) countless C) numerical D) big
76. A) bring B) keep C) hold D) take
77. A) at B) with C) of D) for
78. A) offence B) investment C) invasion D) insult
79. A) construction B) facility C) infrastructure D) institution
80. A) why B) where C) when D) how
81. A) concerning B) concluding C) according D) including Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)