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八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题

八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题
八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题

动词

一.动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词,它分为行为动词,系动词、助动词和情态动词,动词种类多,变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一,下面根据动词的特点进行归类,并提供一些辨别方法,以便于理解和掌握。

1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多,它含有实在的意义(又叫实义动词),表示动作或状态,在句中可以单独作谓语,行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面必须加宾语,意义才完整,不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语,常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。

eg:

We study English very hard.

She has a book in her hand.

The sun rises in the east.

2. 连系动词本身有一定词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓

语,常见的连系动词有:be, look, sou nd, get, become等。

eg:

My parents are both farmers.

The milk tastes terrible.

The song sounds good.

3. 助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定,时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有:be, have, do, will, shall等。

eg:

Do you have a brother?

Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?

I didn ' t go to the cinema yesterday.

4. 情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的语气和情态,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定,常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, will, shall, need等。

eg: Can you sing the English song?

Everyone must get to school on time.

二.动词的时态:

(一)时态概述:作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态,英语中的时态,就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have (has)等,用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。

eg: He reads newspapers every day.

He read the newspaper yesterday.

He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.

(二)一般现在时:

1.动词变化:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。

在加词尾-s时要注意:

情况加法例词

一般情况加-s reads, writes, says

以ch, sh, s, x或o 收尾的词力口-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, go以辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es try- tries

carry-carries

、七好

读音:

情况读法例词

在[P][t][k][f]等清辅音后〔s〕helps, hates, asks, laughs

在[s][z][ ][t ][d3] 等音后〔iz〕faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges

在其他情况下〔z〕plans, cries, shows

2.一般现在时主要表示:

(1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与这样的时间状语连用:always,

ofte n, usually, sometimes 等

eg: We always help each other.

It often snows in winter.

I get up early every morning.

(2)表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。

eg: He loves sports.

Jane is an outgoing girl.

Tom and Tim both have medium height.

(3)表示客观、普遍真理

eg:

Two and four makes six.

Water boils at 100 C

The moon moves round the earth.

3?—般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do, does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does,其他加do,这时动词一概用原形;动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。

eg: Do you like English?

Do they have story books?

What does she do every evening?

Is she at home?

Are you good at English?

4.一般现在时的否定式是do not (don't或does not (doesn 't+动词原形来构成的,be 动词做谓语动词只需在be 后加not 构成否定。

eg:

I don ' t like oranges at all.

She doesn ' t work in the TV station.

They aren ' t students.

I'm not busy every weekend.

三.现在进行时:

1. 动词变化:现在进行时由“am /is /ar+e 动词现在分词”构成。加-ing 的规则如下:

(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如:

stay-staying do-doing

listen-listening suffer-suffering

work -working spend-spending

look-looking

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。如:

make-maki n g take-tak i n g

give-giving ride-riding

please-pleasing refuse-refusing

close-closing operate-operating

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ing。

如:

put -putting sit-sitting

run -running win -winning

begin-beginning

2. 现在进行时的用法

(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now, at present, at the moment 等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词,如look (看),listen (听)。

eg: What are you reading now?

Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.

(2)表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

eg: They are working in a factory these days.

More and more people are giving up smoking.

(3)表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,即可以用来代替将来时。

eg: When are you leaving?

Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?

3?现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be (am, is, are)后面

加not;疑问句把be动词移到主语前。

eg:

I am not working.

What are you reading now?

How are you feeling today?

The train isn ' t arriving soon.

四.一般过去时:

1. 动词变化:一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。

构成规则原形过去式

一般在动词末尾加-ed work

plant

play worked

planted

played

结尾是 e 的动词在末尾加-d like

live

change liked

lived

changed

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed plan (计划)

stop

drop planned

stopped

dropped

以辅音字母加y 结尾的,先变y 为i 再加-ed carry

study

cry carried

studied

cried

否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答

I did not work.Did I work?Did I not work?Yes, you did.

No, you didn ' t.

You did not work.Did you work?Did you not work?Yes, I did.

No, I didn ' t.

He / She / It did not work.Did he / she / it work?Did he / she / it not work?Yes, he / she / it /did.

No, he /she /it didn ' t.

We did not work.Did we work?Did we not work?Yes, you did.

No, you didn ' t.

You did not work.Did you work?Did you not work?Yes, we did.No, we didn

They did not work.Did they work?Did you they not work?Yes, they did.No, they didn ' t.

2. 一般过去时的基本用法:

( 1)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。( eg: yesterday, last

yearjust now, two days ago, in the old days等)

eg: He left just now.

Lei Feng was a good soldier.

What did you have for breakfast this morning?

( 2)表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用。

eg: Last term we often did experiments.

He always went to work by bus.

五.be going to表示一般将来

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