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2020年八年级上英语语法总结

2020年八年级上英语语法总结
2020年八年级上英语语法总结

八年级上英语语法总结

八年级上英语语法总结

1) leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的?

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Bei __g?你为什么要离开上海去北京?

2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用,常常表示无意、惊讶、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:

How should I know?我怎么知道?

Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚?should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点:

1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:

You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗明净了再来。

2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不惬心,你最佳去看医生。3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例

如:We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。

3) What...?与Which...?

1.what 与which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:

What is your father?你父亲是干什么的?

该句相当于:

What does your father do?

What is your father“s job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:---Whichis Peter?哪个是皮特?

---The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。2.What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?(有特定的范围)你最喜爱哪一种颜色?

3. what与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:Which pictures are from China?哪些图片中国?

4)频度副词的位置

1.多见的频度副词有以下这些:always(总是,一直)usually(通常)often (常常,经常)sometimes(有时候)never(从不)

2.频度副词的位置:

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。

如:We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:Never have I been there.

5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7:10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday作定语,译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What“s your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么?6) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) Heforgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)

Don“t forget to e tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to e动作未做)典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh,I forgot___.

A.turning it off

B.turn it off

C.to turn it off

D.having turned it off

答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don“t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

7)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,多见的有以下这些:

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You“d better put on your shoes.你最佳穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。

The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。3、dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如:John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.

10) a little, a few与a bit (of)

a little, a few 与a bit (of)都有“一些、少量”的意义。

他们的区别在哪里呢?

1.a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。

还可以接形容词。如:He is a little shy.他有些害臊。2.a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如:There are a few people in the room.房间里有一些人。

3.a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:It“s a bit cold.有点冷。

a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:He has a bit of money.他有一点儿钱。

4. a little表肯定意义,little 表否定意义;a few 表肯定意义,few 表否定意义。如:There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一点儿汽水。

There is little soda in the glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中国朋友。

Few people like him.几乎没有人喜欢他。

5. a little = a bit of,后接不可数名词;

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of,后接形容词,意为“有点儿”。

8) stop to do sth与stop doing sth

1.stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如:The students stop to listen to their teacher.学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。

2. stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。如:The students stopped talking.学生们停止了谈话。

与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事例外)”和go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。

如:

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。

They went on playing games.他们继续玩游戏。

12) tell, speak, say与talk

1. tell意为“告诉、讲述”,指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如:He tells me that he wants to be a teacher

Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸总是给我们讲风趣的故事。

tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如:He told me something about his past.他告诉我一些他的往事。

tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如:David told his son to do the homework.大卫要他的儿子去做作业。

2.speak 意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。如:He can speak English and a little Chinese.他能讲英语和一点汉语。speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如:Can I speak to Mr Zhang?我能和张先生讲话吗?

speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如:

The book speaks of my hometown.那本书提到我的家乡。3. talk意为“谈话、讲话”,如果只有一方对另一方说话时,大凡用talk to;如果双方或多方交谈,多用with。如:

Please talk to him right now.请立即同他谈话。

He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交谈。

talk about 意为“谈论......”。如:They are talking about the movie.他们在谈论那部电影。

have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如:Can I have a talk with you?我可以和你交谈吗?

4.say 意为“说”。如:Can you say it in English once more?你能用英语再说一遍吗?say to 意为“对......说”。如:He said to his students that they would have a test.他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。

It is said that...意为“据说”。如:

It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.据说他能呆在水里很长时间。

9) Excuse me!与I“m sorry!

1. Excuse me!意为“打搅了!对不起!”,大凡是为了与陌生人搭话,或者要打断对方所说(做)的事。如:

Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?请问,附近有旅馆吗?

Excuse me,could I say something?打搅一下,我能说一些吗?

2. I“m sorry!意为“对不起!”,表示道歉。如:

I“m sorry, Mr Zhang. I won“t do it again.对不起,张先生。

我不会这么做了。

14)表示时间的in、on 与at

in, on 与at 都可以和表示时间的词(组)连用。1. in表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如:

in the morning 在上午

in May, xx 在xx年五月

in a week 在一周之内(后)

It“s Sunday, I can finish it in two days.现在是星期天,我能在两天后完成。(星期二)Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是在一天内建起来的。

2. on主要指在详尽的一天。如:

on Sunday 在星期天

on May Day 在“五一”节

on a hot afternoon 在一个炎夏的下午

He arrived in Bei __g on April 26,xx.他于xx年4月26日到达北京。3. at表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如:at 8:00在八点noon 在中午

I always get up at 6:00 every morning.我总是每天早晨六点起床。

It“s always warm at this time of year.每年的这个时候总是暖热的。

10) too,also与either

1.too用于肯定句和疑问句,大凡放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如:We are in the same school, too.我们也在相同的学校。

Do you play soer every day, too?你也每天踢足球吗?

2.also用于肯定句和疑问句,大凡位于实义动词前、be动词后。

如:

Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。3.either用于否定句,大凡放在句末。如:

They don“t know the answer, either.她们也不知道答案。

4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如:

We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.

He is a happy boy as well.

11) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法

1.begood for 对......有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。

2.begood at 擅长于......Li Pingis good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。

be good at = do well in 如:I“m good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to对......好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

12) how many与how much

1.how many表示“多少”,对数量提问,后面接可数名词的复数形式。如:

There are four people in my family. ---How many people are in your family?你家里有几个人?

We have seven classes every day.---Howmany classes do you have every day?你们每天上几节课?

2.howmuch也是表示“多少”,但它对不可数名词进行提问。如:There is some milk in the bottle. ---How much milk is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少牛奶?

3.how much还可以对价格提问,表示“多少钱”的意思。如:

The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.

---Howmuch is the yellow T-shirt?那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱?13) decide的几种句式

1.decide to do sth决定去做某事

They decide to fly kite on weekend.他们决定在周末去放风筝。

2.decide on doing sth决定做某事

They decide on flying kites.他们决定放风筝。

3.decide on sth就某事决定......

Betty decided on the red skirt.贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。

4.decide的名词形式为decision,结构:make a decision,意为“做决定”。如:He has made a decision.他已经做一个决定了。

43) too many,too much与much too

1.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如:There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。

2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。如:

We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。

3.much too表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:

The box is much too heavy, so I can“t carry it.箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。

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一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。

large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。

beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→furthest/farthest 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 (1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。 Tom is taller than Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。

初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句,“即使,虽然”,不能与but 连用,但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句:1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注:not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰,a large / small number of ….. 作主语时,谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时,谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词,物主代词或其他限定词之后,all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词,all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而,可是”用于句首或句中,须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置:放在疑问词之后2).语序:后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词:weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句:can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句:A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别:1.turn on :指打开水流,煤气,电灯,电视,收音机等电器的开关。 2.open:指关着的门,窗,箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别: 1.into表示“到……里面去”,进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”,在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.:called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注):类似的动词有:hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时,需带上

八年级英语语法知识点归纳小结

八年级英语语法知识点归纳总结 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ① 单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most ea sily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 (1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

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