Wisdom of Bear Wood
I. Pre-class Work
1. Read the text and listen to the recording. Try to understand as much as possible with the help of the notes, glossary, dictionaries and reference books. Think over the following questions:
?Introduce one of your best friends to your classmates. Are there things in common that lead to your friendship?
?Why do we need friendship? What can we get from it?
?Can you give us some tips to better cultivate friendship?
?List out the ingredients you think of importance to true friendship.
2. Make up a story with the following elements:
Woodland, cottage, an owl, an old lady, a little boy
Compare your story with the text. Have you found anything unexpected?
II. Introduction to the Text
It’s a story about both the beautiful nature a nd beautiful friendship. It is about “ a wisdom tutored by nature itself, about the seen and unseen, about things that change and things that are changeless, and about the fact that no matter how seemingly different twos souls may be, they possess the potential for that most precious, rare thing---an enduring and rewarding friendship.
Why the “seemingly different two soul” become good friends? First, they are both lonely: the boy is lonely because he is in a foreign country with his father; the woman is lonely because she has just lost her dear husband.
Second, they have the common interest in nature and knowledge, which is another bond of their friendship. The shortbread the woman keeps supplying for the boy is also one of the reasons.
But the real reason for their friendship is the old woman’s selfless interest in the boy. It is often said that true love is in the giving and not in the taking. So is friendship. The woman not only gives the boy good food to eat, she also gives him a new vision of the beautiful nature, the key to the treasury of human knowledge, and above all, her care, concern, love and affection. Does she get anything in return? Yes. Through giving, she cannot help receiving. Although totally unaware, the boy has given the woman great consolation too. He is the real good companion of the woman. He brings great happiness and consolation to the woman. That is what she really needs in her deep heart.
III. Basic Structure of the Text
Part I (Para.1-4): The loneliness of the boy and his roaming in the woods.
Part II (Para. 5-23): The boy met Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow in the Bear Wood and they became best friends.
Part III (Para.24-27): Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow became sick and dead while their friendship flourished more than ever before.
Part III (Para.28-37): The death of the old lady and the boy’s nostalgia for her.
IV. Text in Detail
Para 1
1. the title: wisdom of bear wood: the name of a wood, where, presumably, there are or there used to be bears-a large strong animal. So this is an entirely different word from bear in the sense of 忍受. These two words are called homonyms, which means words that happen to have the same sound and often the same spelling but different in meaning. In dictionaries, they are put in different entries. More examples: lie/ mine/ lead/ fine/ found/ ball/ bit
1.…my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my
short life…: This noun phrase could be regarded as an condensed non-restrictive relative clause: which was the fourth…, which is referring to what is stated in the main clause. More examples: Lottie grinned, a real wide open grin./ His father was laughing, a queer sobbing sort of laugh.
2.demand that…: subjunctive mood
3.overseas:
4.every few years
5.be used to doing
6.wrench myself away from:她努力把身体挣脱开来。/用力把手
脱开。
7.Question: Why did Michael’s family go to England? How did he
like the frequent moves?
Para 2
1.nearby were ancient…: inversion
2.loving nature, however,…: However, as (because) I loved
nature… present participle used as an adverbial clause of cause/reason.
3.delight;
4.a patchwork of farms …: farms that look like small pieces of
cloth of different colors when seen from far above.
A. patch/ patchwork
5.surround/ surroundings
6.in the deep woods that verged against our back fence…:
A. deep
B. verge/ verge against/ verge on/ on the verge of sth.
C.against
D.Chinese version
7.a network of
8.lead anywhere/ lead to nowhere
9.rocket off: go off like rocket; move extremely quickly: 她转瞬间
成了明星。/房价正飞涨。Similar usages: f actories mushroomed.
( They grew like mushroom.) / He was wolfing it down as if he had not eaten for days./ It could snowball into a serious conflict.( gradually develop into a serious conflict like a snowball.)/ He tried to worm into that organization.
Para 3
1.roam: walk or travel for a long time without any clear purpose.
Here it is used as a transitive word. Normally it is used as intransitive verb as in “ roam about” “roam around”e.g. roam through the deserted village/ roam over sth.
2.play
3.Robin Hood:
Exercise
1.He was a young man barely eighteen years, evidently
country____ (长大的)
2.The new secretary has written a remarkably ____ report.( concise;
precise; elaborate)
3.exhausted/ exhaustive/ exhausting/ exhaustible
4.She called ____ world opinion to condemn their policy of
aggression.
5.The poor reception on your TV is probably due to outside ______.
(intervention/ interruption/ interception/ interference)
6.He couldn’t explain the problem well, as he had only a(n) ____
knowledge of the subject. (elementary/ rudimentary/ fundamental/ basic)
7.One small settlement is expected to ______ 10,000 families.
(populate/ dwell/ reside/ house)
8._____the mercy of sb. 由某人摆布，控制
9.We have to ____ if we want to go to Florida this summer. (lay up/
save up/ put aside/ put away)
10.They always take ___ extra staff in the summer season.
4.bug: (CD Unit 4 Book 3 College English)
5.Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that
I …:
A.Paraphrase
B.Keep to oneself
C.Attachment( to/for sb./sth.)
D.Attached
6.But one day I became attached through no design of my own.
A.Chinese version.
B.Paraphrase: not that I intended ( planned) to do it./ just by
chance
C.Design: purpose; intention
D.Have design on sb./ sth.: intend to harm sb/sth or take sb./sth.
for oneself. E.g. 觊觎他的钱财/他对她心存不良。
Para 4
1.permission
2.I started hiking there every weekend, …
A.hike Sum up some different ways of travel, such as: hitch(搭
便车旅行)
B.an… impenetrable stand of trees: trees growing so thick that
they are impossible to go through or enter into
C.penetrate (into/ through sth.)
D.stand
3.holy: synonyms: sacred; consecrated
4.slip through/ creep into: both “slip” and “creep” are used to
described the action of a small child. Surely, they are very vivid.
5.leave:
6.the twitter and rustle: onomatopoeia(象声词): the twitter of the
birds; the rustle of leaves; the hiss of the snake; the gurgle of the water; the cracking of the fire; the fluttering of the flag; the tick-tock of the clock.
7.…with tree trunks for pillars: with tree trunks serving or
functioning as pillars
A.for
B.Note the metapho r:
8.my own breathing rang in my ears, and the slightest…
A.paraphrase:
B.ring
C.creature: 1) living being, esp animal usually with a particular
quality: all living creature/ a terrible creature 2) person: what
a lovely creature ( beautiful woman) 3) sb’s creature/ the
creature of sb.受人支配者a creature of habit习惯的奴隶（日
常生活受制于习惯的人）
D.echo: be repeated as an echo: their shouts echoed through/
throughout forest.
Para 5
1.where-clause is used as object of preposition “near”, not attribute.
If it is “ the place where…”, it is an attribute.
2.proceed: go move, make one’s way
3.careful…: adj phrase functioning as supplement of subject,
donating the state of the subject. Eg. The cow looked at me, sleepy and surprised./ “They are not?” I asked, fascinated.
4.…not to …: adve rbial of purpose
5.alarm: disturb; frighten
6.…that…: adverbial of result
Para 6
1.frail
2.run into
3.startle
4.She caught her breath, instinctively toughing her…:
A.catch one’s breath
B.instinctively: on instinct; naturally
5.recovery/recover (from shock)
6.instant
7.put me at ease: to make me feel relaxed
A.at ease: comfortable and unworried e.g. The professor must be
very popular. The students all look at ease in his presence.
B.With ease: without difficulty e.g/. they win with ease.
C.ill at ease: not relaxed e.g. you always look ill at ease in front
of strangers.
D.Ease v. ease the pain/ tension/ stress; ease the pressure/ burden;
ease the way for (smooth)
8.a pair of powerful-looking…:
A.powerful: 高倍的
B.binoculars双筒望远镜(bi-two ocular-eye ; ocular defects;
ocular proof; oculist)
C.dangle: hang or swing loosely e.g.: a bunch of keys dangling
at the end of a chain dangle sth. before/ in front of sb.: 以某
物招引某人e.g. He dangled his watch in front of the baby. /
提升的希望招引他。
Para 7
1.in a rush: suddenly and quickly e.g. work in a rush of enthusiasm/
a rush of cold air
2.over: across e.g. jump over the stream
3.anyhow: anyway; whatever the fact may be e.g. It’s too late,
anyhow.
Para 11
1.wary: careful; cautious; alert e.g. She was wary of strangers./ be
wary of giving offence/ keep a wary eye on sb.
2.Gamekeeper: man employed to breed and protect game birds on
an estate. Game: animals, birds, fish that are hunted for or as a sport
3.introduce: be brought into this place from somewhere else for the
first time e.g. The company is introducing a new family saloon this year.
Para 12
1.fascinated: attracted; interested; absorbed
2.stuff: material
3.cool: admirable; attractive; fashionable; relaxed, etc in away
people, esp young people admire
4.even if she was trespassing in my special place
A.trespass: enter without permission
B.trespass on: 侵占；打扰e.g. trespass on your valuable time/
He accused me trespassing on his estate.
Para 13
1.books on birds: about
2.be about to : prepared to; mean to; intend to
3.would you care to: This is considered polite but formal, and used
to ask if sb. wants to do sth.: like; e.g. Would you care to go for a walk?
Para 14
1.warn sb. against /of sth./sb: warn sb. not to do sth. warn that
2.some how: for a reason that is unknown or unspecified
Para 15
1.extending her fine hand: offering to shake hands with the boy
A.extend: stretch out
B.fine: small and attractively shaped, looking rather delicate Para 16
1.taking it clumsily in my own:
A.take: get or lay hold of sb./sth. with the hand 夹；抱；握e.g.
take sb’s hand/take sb. by the hand握住某人的手I pass him the rope and he took it.
B.It: her hand
C.Clumsily: awkwardly and ungracefully
Para 17
1.set off/ set out to do sth.
2.pass away: die euphemism e.g. “pass water” for “urinate” more
examples
3.wistful: full of or expressed sadness a wistful mood
4.walk the field: walk: here is used as a transitive verb, meaning go
over or along on foot e.g. walk one’s dog It’s dark outside, I will walk you home.
Para 18
1.a small brick cottage: the order of attributive to modify a noun eg
that old round tin
2.glowed pinkly in the westering sun
A.paraphrase: Soon I saw a small brick cottage shining with a
pink color in the sun that was moving toward the west
B.glow (with) sth.: ( synonyms: shine/ gilliter)shine; be strongly
or colorful e.g. The countryside glowed with autumn colors郊
野焕发出斑斓色彩。
3.gaze (around ) at
4.in admiration
5.case: container; box bookcase
6.figure: 塑像a standing figure other meanings 见教案
7.Question: what is “pinned butterflies”?
8.or so: almost
9.stuffed birds: be stuffed/ filled with sth.; crammed stuff pillow
with feature
10.Translate the whole paragraph into Chinese.
Para 20
1.run the water for tea: pour a cup of tea for me. run sth. for sb. :
cause a liquid to flow e.g. She ran hot water into the bowl.用碗接
点热水。/run a hot bath for me放一盆热洗脚水
Para 21
1. add sth. to sth.: continue to say: e.g. I have nothing to add to my earlier statement.
2.not nearly:far from; much less than e.g. We aren’t nearly ready
for the inspection.对检查还远未做好准备。Here the adjective phrase is used as nonrestrictive attributive clause, equal to “ which was not nearly…”
3.between mouthful of tea and jam tart: while eating jam tart and
drinking tea mouthful: noun similar words:fistful; handful;
basketful
Para 22
1.practically: virtually; almost
2.sent : cause sb. to go or be taken without going oneself e.g.: His
mother sent him to the shop to get some bread.
3.one full of…and one…: one being…one full of…
4.look forward to that: look forward to my coming by.
Para 23
1.I had made the best friend in the world.
A.notice that in the usual phrase “ to make friends with” friend
is always in the plural e.g. I don’t think it’s difficult to make friends with people who do not belong to your age./ Parents must try to make friends with their own children. It’s wrong to say : I want to make friends ( or make a friend ) with him. We normally say “ I want him to be my friend” or “ I want to have him as my friend”
Para 24
1.My well of knowledge about natural history began to brim over.
A.paraphrase: I began to know much about natural history, too
much for a boy of my age. Note the metaphor where the boy’s knowledge about natural history is likened to a well in which there was too much water.
B.Well(井) the figurative use of word “well” and the
exaggeration of having knowledge “ brimming over”
C.Brim over: to have so much of sth. that it began to flow over
the edge of its container. It is used in the patterns: sth is brimming/ sb. is brimming over with sth.( love, confidence, knowledge): meaning “to become full of good feelings” e.g.
The team were brimming over with confidence before the match./ At the wedding the bride and bridegroom were
brimming over with happiness. Two other expressions are
similar in meaning: to over flow with/ to burst with
2.earn the nickname/ some respect:
A.earn: 1) receive money: I have to e arn my living. I don’t want
to live off my parents any longer. 2) gain (sth deserved) in
return for one’s achievement, behavior e.g. His honesty earned
him great respect./ His bad manners earned him a sharp
rebuke./ This place has earned itself quite a reputation for its
remarkable achievements in the battle against desertification.
B.The nickname “Prof”: (=Professor) here is a type of appositive
with a determiner before the first noun. Further examples: the
word “souped-up” our cousin Jane; that famous play of Shakespeare’s Hamlet But old farmer Crawford( para 4), with
the determiner omitted, and the first noun resembling a title. 3.identify: to recognize and correctly name someone or something,
or to discover the nature and origin of the thing e.g. the knife was identified as the murder weapon./ Scientists have identified the frozen body as a young man killed about 5,000 years ago.
A.identity: the identity of the victim has not yet been discovered.
B.Identification: official papers or cards that can show who you
ar e e.g. Do you have any identifications? Passport? Driver’s
license?
C.Identical: exactly the same
Para 25
1.blissfully: happily
2.munch (at jam tart): eat noisily, indicating how joyfully they are
while eating
Para 26
1. incline: to think that a particular belief or opinion is most likely to be right e.g. Most people inclined to the belief that globalization is a good thing to have./ She is easily to taken in. she inclines to take everything people say at face value.(字面意义) be inclined to do sth. :tending to e.g. Young people are often inclined to think that old people are stupid. Be musically (artistically, linguistically, mathematically) inclined; or tobe naturally interested in or good at music( art, language, mathematics)
2.Familiarity sometimes makes people physically invisible,…
A.paraphrase: when people get to know each other really well,
sometimes they don’t notice physical changes. The boy did
not see his friend, the old lady was getting weaker and weaker,
because all the time he was talking to her heart, rather to her
face.
B.Familiarity:
C.Here “the heart” and “the face” form a pair of antitheses
(direct opposites), the former referring to “what is deep down”, the latter “ what can be physically seen”. 对照As a spot on
the weather map, Rochester is one chilly town. But as a model
for educational reform, it’s shaping up the hottest place in
America.一个寒冷的小城。。。。全美炙热的焦点。。。Caring
for a family member yourself can be enriching and rewarding
but also demanding and draining.
D.Essence: the thing that makes sth. what it is “to talk to sb’s
essence” is not a common expression, but the author think of a
better word, that’s why he says “ as it were”, which is used to
describe sth. in a way that is not quite accurate, but is the best
they can think of at the moment. E.g. Suzhou, as it were,
China’s Venice./ He is living in a dream world, as it were.
E.For you find…: for : indicate reason He didn’t answer for fear
of hurting her.
F.Rather than/ other than/ more than
Para 28
1.eye: to observe or watch narrowly, often in suspicion, jealousy or
in longing e.g. he eyed me up and down, not knowing whether he should believe my story.
2.my mother was regarding me with a strange gentleness :
Paraphrase: My mother was looking at me with a strange gentleness because she wanted to break the sad news gently so that I would not take it too hard.
regard:
A.to look attentively; to observe closely e.g. They all regarded
her with great curiosity.
B.To consider or look upon in a particular way e.g. In those days
many young people regarded simple life as a virtue.
C.To have great affection or admiration for e.g. She is highly
regarded in the academic circles.
D.(n.) to give (send) one’s regards to somebody e.g. please give
my best regards to all my friends there. I really miss them.
E.In this regard ( in this respect) / with regard to (concerning;
about)/ as regards ( as for) regardless of: without paying
attention to; in spite of the differences in)
F.Disregard/ regarding
Para 30
1. rest: lie or be placed on/ against sth. for support e.g. She rested her elbows on the table.
2.tell: distinguish
3.…having difficulty ( breaking the news).
Para 31
1.sting: hurt; wound e.g. The smoke is stinging my eyes.
Para 35
1.…my eyes had dried…: tears gone. 眼泪都哭干了。
2.…I now know…: no w: at that time.
3.thanks to: due to ; because of: 有时用于“反语” (ironically)
Thanks to his brilliant leadership, our company is now bankrupt.
4.… go and eat it like I always did… l ike: conj. : (infml) in the
same way as; (nonstandard) as if, e.g. Nobody makes chocolate cake like my grandma does. / He spoke like he knows the queen.
These uses of “ like” are common but not considered correct in formal written English.
Para 36
1. in time: after a certain amount of time has passed, eventually; within an indefinite period经过一段时间后，最终，迟早e.g. In time, he will see he was wrong./ Don’t worry, in time she’ll forget what has happened today.
2.countless数不清/ uncountable不可数
3.odds and ends:
Para 37
1. legacy: things passed to sb. by predecessors or from earlier events
e.g. the cultural legacy of the renaissance Question: What do you think the legacy is?
3.encounter: unexpected meet
4.the seen: birds; insects; trees the unseen: ideas; scientific laws
and principles
things that change: age; life; death ….changeless: friendship
5.seemingly: apparently; in appearance
6.soul: Metonymy借代here it refers to “ person” e.g. I’ve come to
pick your brains.我是来讨教你的专门知识。（“人脑”是人体进行思维的器官，通常用以借代“人才”，“思维”或“专门知识”rule his orchestra…with a brilliant ear and an iron fist （敏锐的听觉和坚强的手腕…）
V. Extension
1. A song about Friendship:
Auld Lang Syne
Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind?
Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and days of auld lang syne?
For auld lang syne, my dear, for auld lang syne;
We’ll raise a cup o’ kindness yet for auld lang syne.
For auld lang syne, my dear, for auld lang syne;
We’ll raise a cup o’ kindness yet for auld lang syne.
2. Further Discussion on the Text:
Do you think people who are very different in age can develop a rewarding friendship? Do you have such friends? Have you heard of such cases? Tell the class if you do.
Why is it that two people as different from each other as the boy and the old woman could develop such an enduring and rewarding friendship? What have we learned from their friendship?
What is the essence of true friendship?
3. Quotes on Friend and Friendship:
? A friend is, as it were, another self.
?Old friends and old wines are best.
?Everything is good when new, but friends when old.
? A friend to all is a friend to none.
? A friend without faults will never be found.
? A man cannot be said to succeed in his life who does not satisfy one friend.
?Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing.
?Better alone than have a false friend for company.
?Better an intelligent enemy than an ignorant friend.
●When in distress, we love to see a friend’s f ace. Both in
trouble and in joy friendship is beneficial. Friendship reduces sorrow in times of pain and adds to joy in happy times.
---Ricci
●In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our
friends. --- Collins
●Better an open enemy than a false friend.--- Franklin
虚伪的朋友比公开的敌人更坏。
●Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. --- Maurois
朋友的真诚在患难中得到检验。
●Fire is the test of gold; adversity of friendship. --- Maurois
逆境知友谊，烈火见真金。
●Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a component of
good health.
友谊既是快乐的源泉又是健康的要素。
●When something sensational happens to you, sharing the
happiness of the occasion with friends intensifies our joy.
当有好事发生的时候，与朋友分享这份快乐会使你的快乐加倍。
●In times of trouble and tension, when our spirits are low,
unburdening our worries and fears to compassionate friends alleviates the stress.
当我们身处麻烦和压力当中，情绪低落的时候，向饱含同情的朋友倾诉忧虑和恐惧会减轻你的压力。4．Onomatopoeia
the twitter and rustle
the twitter of birds
the rustle of leaves
the hiss of the snake
the gurgle of the water
the cracking of the fire
the banging of the door
the fluttering of the flag
the rumbling of the waves
the tick-tock of the clock
fly—buzz
mosquito---hum, buzz, drone;
birds—chirp, twitter
cuckoo---cuckoo
nightingale---warble, jug-jug
crow---caw
bull, cow---low, moo, bellow
deer---bell
monkey---screech, gibber, chatter, howl
bear---growl
boar---grin
pig---grunt, squeal, squeak
mouse---squeak, cheep, peep
cat---mew, miaow, purr
dog---bark, yap, yelp, bay, howl, snarl, bow-wow, growl
tiger---growl, roar
5. Essay Writing
Based on the study of the text, write an essay in about 150 words or so about friendship. Your essay should include the following points:
1.What is true friendship?
2.Why can't we live without friendship?
3.How could we gain true friendship?
Pep小学、初中英语词汇表（共619个单词） 名词n ,noun[naun] 形容词adj ,adjective['?d?iktiv] 数词num ,numeral['nu:m?r?l, 'nju:-] 代词pron ,pronoun['pr?unaun] 动词v ,verb[v?:b] 副词adv ,adverb['?dv?:b] 冠词art ,article['ɑ:tikl] 介词prep ,preposition[,prep?'zi??n] 连词conj ,conjunction[k?n'd???k??n] 感叹词int ,interjection[,?nt?'d?ek??n] a,[?n,?n]一(在元音字母前代替不定代词a) an, [?n,?n]一(在元音字母前代替不定代词a) about[?'baut]（关于，大约）, after['ɑ:ft?]（之后）, afternoon[,ɑ:ft?'nu:n]（下午）, again[?'ɡen, ?'ɡein]再一次, ago[?'ɡ?u]以前, air[??]空气，空中, v t. & vi. 晾晒, 烘干 all[?:l]全部, along[?'l??]沿着, 向前，往前 am, [?m]是（用于第一人称） and, [?nd, ?nd, ?n]和, 与, 及，然后，接着angry['??ɡri]生气的, 恶劣的, 狂怒的 animal['?nim?l]动物, 兽, 牲畜 answer['ɑ:ns?]回答，答案, ant[?nt]蚂蚁, any['eni]任何的, 一点, 一些 apple, ['?pl]苹果; 苹果树 April['eipr?l]四月, are, [ɑ:]是（用于二三人称的复数） ask[ɑ:sk问要求, 请求,at, August['?:ɡ?st]八月, aunt[ɑ:nt]阿姨,姑母, 姨母; 伯母, 婶母, 舅母auntie aunty['?nti:, 'ɑ:n-](aunt的昵称)伯母;婶母;姑母;姨母;舅母 autumn['?:t?m]秋天，秋季，成熟期, 渐衰期 B Back[b?k]（后面）, bad[b?d]坏的, bag[b?ɡ]包，书包, ball[b?:l]球, 舞会 banana[b?'nɑ:n?]香蕉, bank[b??k]银行，河岸, basketball['bɑ:skitb?:l]篮球, bathroom['bɑ:θrum]浴室, be, [bi:, bi][be to-v]表示必要、打算、可能性、假设等或用来表示将来安排 bean[bi:n]菜豆,豆 bear[b??]n熊, vt. & vi.1 承担, 负担 beautiful['bju:t?ful]美丽的,很好的 bed[bed]床, 河床,苗圃, 花坛 bee[bi:]蜜蜂, before[bi'f?:]conj以前, prep. (表示位置)在…前面 begin[bi'ɡin]开始, best[best]最好的, between[bi'twi:n]在….之间, big[biɡ]大的, 成功的,重要的, 重大的;bigger较大的；biggest 最大的 bike[baik]自行车, bird[b?:d]鸟, birthday['b?:θdei]生日, black[bl?k]黑色的, blackboard['bl?kb?:d]黑板, blue[blu:]蓝色的, blow[bl?u]吹, boat[b?ut]小船, book[buk]书, 书籍账簿,vt. 1 登记, 记账 borrow['b?r?u]借，借入， boots[bu:ts]靴子, n擦靴人 bowl[b?ul]碗, 钵, 盘 box[b?ks]盒子，箱子, pencil['pens?l]铅笔, 彩色铅笔 pencil box文具盒, boy.[b?i]男孩, 少年 bread[bred]面包, 生计 breakfast['brekf?st]早餐, bright[brait]明亮的,聪明的, 愉快的，鲜艳的 bring[bri?]带来,造成，引起 brother['br?e?]兄弟, bus[b?s]公共汽车,巴士 but[b?t, b?t]但是, prep. 除…以外 buy[bai]买, 交易, 买卖 by[ba?]乘, 在…近旁; 在身边 bye[ba?]int.再见adj. 次要的 C Cake[keik]蛋糕, can[k?n, k?n]v能，会, n罐, 罐头 car[kɑ:]小汽车, 轿车 card[kɑ:d]卡, 纸牌, 扑克牌，办法, 手段, 妙计careful['k??ful]仔细的, 小心的 carry['k?ri]运，搬,提, 挑, 背 cartoon[kɑ:'tu:n]漫画, 动画片 cat[k?t], 猫 chair[t???]椅子, 大学教授职位 cheap[t?i:p]便宜的, 低俗的, 卑鄙的 cheese[t?i:z]奶酪, chess[t?es]国际象棋, chick[t??k]小鸡, 少妇 chicken['t?ikin]鸡肉, child[t?aild]孩子, 儿童，子女 children['t??ldr?n]孩子们, chocolate['t??k?lit]巧克力, city['siti]城市,都市，全城居民 class[klɑ:s]班级, 阶级, 社会阶级 classroom['klɑ:sru:m]教室, clean[kli:n]干净的，打扫, 正派的, 正大光明的clear[kli?]清晰的, 清白的，畅通的 clearly['kl??l?]明朗地,明确地，明亮地 clever['klev?]聪明的, 灵巧的, 精巧的 climb[klaim]爬, 上升, 增长 clock[kl?k]钟, 挂钟；watch [w?t?] 手表，看，观察close[kl?uz]关, 终结, 结束 clothes[kloz, kloez]衣服, coat[k?ut]外套, coffee['k?fi]咖啡, 咖啡豆 coin[k?in]硬币, cold[k?uld]寒冷, heat[hi:t] 高温, 炎热 have a cold感冒, colour['k?l?]颜色, 脸色, 气色，肤色 come[k?m]来, come back回来, come out出来, come to school来到学校, computer[k?m'pju:t?]电脑, 计算机
一、循序渐进，逐步掌握自然拼读法 对于小学生而言，自然拼读法的掌握并不是一蹴而就的事情，而是一个循序渐进，逐渐积累熟练的过程，因此，作为小学英语教师，在引导学生掌握自然拼读法时，一定要由简到繁，由易到难。在自然拼读法的教学中，我一直坚持采用“五阶段分解法”，将自然拼读法的学习分成五个阶段，层层递进。第一阶段：引导学生建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系，让学生掌握代表英语44个基本音的字母和字母组合，比如掌握单辅音（p,d,k…）、辅音字母组合（c h,sh,th…），元音包括短元音（a,e,i…）、长元音（ai,ee,ie…）和其他元音（er,or,oi…）的发音等等；第二阶段：引导学生能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：m-ymy，g-ogo等等；第三阶段：引导学生能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-gdog，h-o-thot；第四阶段：引导学生成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-ersweater；第五阶段：引导学生听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。所以说在教学中，教师一定要分清层次，引导学生逐步去学习，一步步的打牢基础。 二、强化练习，熟练运用自然拼读法 学习是一个持续推进，反复强化的过程，最忌三天打鱼、两天晒网。不管哪一门学科，要想掌握相关知识，都必须不断的学习、练习、强化记忆。尤其是关于语言的学习，一定要不断回顾，不断练习。小学自然拼读法的学习，同样如此。在教学中，笔者发现许多教师在教学过程中，只传授给学生最基本的方法，然而却忽视引导学生进行认真的练习，导致学生学过之后，遗忘率很高，影响了教学效果。笔者认为，对于教师而言，一定要将强化练习融入自然拼读法的教学中，比如，在讲解字母和字母组合的基本音时，如果教师讲过之后，没有督促学生进行练习，加深记忆，学生肯定记不清、记不牢、容易混淆，只有不断加强督促，加强检查，引导学生去记忆，去练习，才能将44个字母和字母组合的基本音刻印在学生的脑子里。此外，掌握了基本的字母和字母组合的发音后，教师就应该引导学生进行单词的拼读和拼写练习。在教学过程中，在引导学生掌握字母和字母组合的发音后，我首先会组织学生进行拼读练习，每天都会在黑板上写出很多
小学四年级上册英语单 词发音归类 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-
小学四年级上册英语单词发音归类 a-e /e/ cake make face name shake date race game gate hate plate grape wave Dave Jane Jake Kate a // cap map dad hand bag man fat fan hat cat at apple candy Jack i-e/a/ five rice nine kite nice fine like time bike bite side ice white Mike i // pig big six sit milk fish thin picture is it this miss bit rabbit English window sister fifteen o-e// nose Coke home note rose hope Jones bone old toes no o // dog box body mom orange hot not lot lost Tom John u-e /ju:/ use cute excuse UK USA pupil student tube mule u // duck up cup cut but bus us uncle under fun mum study -e /i:/ he she we be -e- /e/ red bed ten pen pencil leg let get desk seven egg elephant friend
小学英语单词辨音 5个元音字母的发音规则： Aa 开音节[ ei ] 闭音节[ ? ] 在[w]音后发[ ] Ee 开音节[ i: ] 闭音节[ e ] Ii 开音节[ai ] 闭音节[ i ] Oo 开音节[?u] 闭音节[ ] [u:] Uu 开音节[ju:] 闭音节[Λ]若是在j、l、r、s后读[u:] 练习 给出例词，请找出与划线部分相同的例词，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 Aa （）1、cake A:take B:cat （）2、name A:bag B:plane （）3、China A:about B:want （）4、after A:class B:wash （）5、What A:watch B:father （）6、cat A:flag B:baby （）7、late A:game B:any （）8、have A:happy B:past （）9、animal A:apple B:past （）10、make A:plane B:away Ee （）1、me A:these B:bed
（）2、he A:Chinese B:egg （）3、she A:best B:we （）4、let A:evening B:red （）5、lesson A:desk B:open （）6、mess A:me B:letter （）7、hen A:letter B:Chinese （）8、vegetable A:hen B:apple （）9、eng A:pen B:me （）10、pen A:he B:egg Ii （）1、ring A:shine B:miss （）2、mistake A:big B:find （）3、milk A:pick B:child （）4、nine A:line B:dish （）5、drive A:live B:bright （）6、pig A:finished B:pilot （）7、bike A:time B:city （）8、swim A:kite B:sit （）9、drink A:fish B:time （）10、find A:high B:chicken Oo （）1、nose A:dog B:boat （）2、those A:go B:not （）3、lose A:stop B:old
小学英语单词记忆法 作者：u899292/用户名：u899292 一、拼音式记忆法 如：数字“十”ten，可以联想成ten的拼音发音。男人们“men”汉语拼音便是men…… 二、谐音记忆法 1.单词读音谐音法 如：apple单词的汉语谐音是“阿婆”画图“一个阿婆手里拿着一个苹果”联想，看到图画联想到apple的读音，汉意。 2.字母音与汉字音相结合谐音记忆法 如颜色单词红色red，记住一句话，阿姨地里的苹果红了……这一句话，不仅让学生加深了三个字母r，e，d的粗读，还记住了这个单词的顺序，同时又记住了这个单词的汉意“红色”，这样一句话，可谓一石三鸟，在实际的教学中收到了良好的效果…… 三、形近串连记忆法 如tea茶叶，eat吃，teacher教师，meat肉，这些单词形近，老师吃茶吃肉，这样一句话，让学生一下子便记住了四个单词。Purple people紫色的人们，monday moon 星期一，月儿升…… 四、字母谐音及外形和故事结合记忆法 单词eleven “十一”很多同学记忆吃力，即便是当时记住了，可是很短时间又忘了,一种方法想忘记都难，三个阿姨（e）走娘家，（她的娘家门牌号是11.）第一个阿姨带去了一把勾子（l这个字母形状像勾），第二个阿姨呢，竟带去了一把剪刀（v像剪刀），第三个阿姨特别有意思，把自己的大门扛了去……想必是娘家的大门坏了…… 五、循环记忆法 这种方法是一个传统的记忆方法，也是来是们使用的做多的方法，人的大脑有一个特点，对某个信息反复刺激才能记住，例如，三年级的学生每天规定记忆的词汇量是五个单词，第二天记忆十个其中包括第一天的五个，第三天背十五个其中包括前两天的，照这样累计，这种方法也许对于孩子来说是枯燥无味的，但每个单词却都对大脑刺激无数次，从而记得比较牢。
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亲爱的XXX： 春去春又回，新桃换旧符。在那桃花盛开的地方，在这醉人芬芳的季节，愿你生活像春天一样阳光，心情像桃花一样美丽，日子像桃子一样甜蜜。 此致 谨表谢意 信纸办公敬上
Dear Mr. Seaton， Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as much, because I wouldn't have known my way about. The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no climate. During the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I was lucky. I think the river trip was the best thing of all. London really came alive for me as we saw it from the Thames during that wonderful journey down to Greenwich. It was all tremendously exciting － a day that I shall never forget. Thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat. Yours sincerely, panda
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亲爱的XXX： 春去春又回，新桃换旧符。在那桃花盛开的地方，在这醉人芬芳的季节，愿你生活像春天一样阳光，心情像桃花一样美丽，日子像桃子一样甜蜜。 此致 谨表谢意 信纸办公敬上
Dear Mr. Seaton， Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as much, because I wouldn't have known my way about. The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no climate. During the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I was lucky. I think the river trip was the best thing of all. London really came alive for me as we saw it from the Thames during that wonderful journey down to Greenwich. It was all tremendously exciting － a day that I shall never forget. Thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat. Yours sincerely, panda
自然拼读词汇 一．a e i o u 的短音 Aa: a n a m a t f a t h a s a nd b a g c a p c a t h a t f a t s a d h a d r a n p a n c a n m a n b a ck th a t th a nk h a ppy st a nd bl a ck p a nda f a mily dr a gon a pple h a ve M a ths a nimal gr a ndma gr a ndpa bl a ckboard ban a na a pple p a rrot a nimal c a rry r a ng st a nd m a tter c a tch Ee: leg g e t b e d y e s r e d t e n h e lp h e llo d e sk s e ven el e ven tw e lve p e n p e ncil e lephant t e nnis pr e sent dr e ss w e st Ii: i s i t i n h i s s i x b i t c i ty th i s b i g sh i p th i n sk i p f i sh m i lk s i n g g i ve w i ndy an i mal sw i m d i nner w i nter an i mal b i scuit c h i ldren
chopst i cks d i ff i cult dr i nk dumpl i ng f i fteen f i fty h i ll k i d l i sten l i ttle l i ve p i cture P i nk s i xteen s i xty sw i m v i sit w i n w i nner s i t g i ve w i nd w i th sk i p m i ss ch i ck f i n i sh f i nger fam i ly s i ster pol i cemen Oo: o x o n o f n o t d o g o n h o t g o t b o x d o ll d o ctor b o dy s o ng p o p pr o ject st o p o range cl o ck fr o g fr o m l o st s o rry b o x h o t l o st dr o p cr o ss b o ttle c o ffee sh o pping Uu： u p b u s m u m b u mp l u nch s u mmer s u nny u nder r u n r u nning l u ck d u mpling h u ndred h u ngry j u mp j u mping m u ch m u m j u st h u rry
( )1. A. gave B. giraffe C. garden ( )2. A. great B. rage C. large ( )3. A. guitar B. grapes C. page ( )4. A. tiger B. orange C. green ( )5. A. circus B. circle C. cent ( )6. A. cane B. cite C. camera ( )7. A. snake B. crab C. plate ( )8. A. beans B. head C. these ( )9. A. cage B. gray C. black ( )10. A. radio B. thirteen C. video ( )11. A. smile B. listen C. hire ( )12. A. boat B. sock C. loaf ( )13. A. crocodile B. yogurt C. goat ( )14. A. butter B. ruler C. puppet ( )15. A. rage B. giraffe C. guitar ( )16. A. circle B. cane C. cite ( )17. A. candy B. catch C. circus D. corn ( )18. A. page B. orange C. bag D. gate ( )19. A. girl B. good C. giraffe D. cabbage ( )20. A. crocodile B. goat C. yogurt ave B. plate C. crab ( )21. A. g ( )22. A. cane B. cite C. climb ( )23 A. hire B. listen C. smile ( )24. A. ruler B. butter C. puppet ( )25. A. Ann B. cat C. potato D. carrot ( )26. A. three B. these C. key D. pencil ( )27. A. listen B. crocodile C. fifteen D. litter ( )28. A. snake B. sorry C. zoo D. salad ( )29. A. fish B. five C. fifeen D. gift ( )30. A. jump B. lulu C. run D. butterfly ( )31. A. blue B. flute C. sun D. Sue ( )32. A. these B. bean C. insect D. tea ( )33. A. potato B. tomato C. bag ( )34. A. egg B. see C. fourteen ( )35. A. nut B. flute C. jump
在这种困难的抉择下，本人思来想去，寝食难安。一般来说，就我个人来说，查看更多特别报道对我的意义，不能不说非常重大。从这个角度来看，那么，查看更多特别报道的发生，到底需要如何做到，不查看更多特别报道的发生，又会如何产生。问题的关键究竟为何？我认为，这样看来，阿卜·日·法拉兹说过一句富有哲理的话，学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。这不禁令我深思。查看更多特别报道因何而发生？爱迪生在不经意间这样说过，失败也是我需要的，它和成功对我一样有价值。这启发了我，每个人都不得不面对这些问题。在面对这种问题时，既然如何，我们不得不面对一个非常尴尬的事实，那就是，问题的关键究竟为何？本人也是经过了深思熟虑，在每个日日夜夜思考这个问题。本人也是经过了深思熟虑，在每个日日夜夜思考这个问题。总结的来说，所谓查看更多特别报道，关键是查看更多特别报道需要如何写。要想清楚，查看更多特别报道，到底是一种怎么样的存在。从这个角度来看，歌德在不经意间这样说过，决定一个人的一生，以及整个命运的，只是一瞬之间。这不禁令我深思。 对我个人而言，查看更多特别报道不仅仅是一个重大的事件，还可能会改变我的人生。富兰克林说过一句富有哲理的话，你热爱生命吗？那么别浪费时间，因为时间是组成生命的材料。这句话语虽然很短，但令我浮想联翩。我认为，一般来讲，我们都必须务必慎重的考虑考虑。我们都知道，只要有意义，那么就必须慎重考虑。莎士比亚曾经说过，那脑袋里的智慧，就像打火石里的火花一样，不去打它是不肯出来的。我希望诸位也能好好地体会这句话。一般来说，我们一般认为，抓住了问题的关键，其他一切则会迎刃而解。就我个人来说，查看更多特别报道对我的意义，不能不说非常重大。带着这些问题，我们来审视一下查看更多特别报道。本人也是经过了深思熟虑，在每个日日夜夜思考这个问题。查看更多特别报道，发生了会如何，不发生又会如何。在这种困难的抉择下，本人思来想去，寝食难安。总结的来说，查看更多特别报道，到底应该如何实现。从这个角度来看，我们都知道，只要有意义，那么就必须慎重考虑。我们一般认为，抓住了问题的关键，其他一切则会迎刃而解。每个人都不得不面对这些问题。在面对这种问题时，那么，查看更多特别报道，到底应该如何实现。问题的关键究竟为何？生活中，若查看更多特别报道出现了，我们就不得不考虑它出现了的事实。老子说过一句富有哲理的话，知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。这似乎解答了我的疑惑。对我个人而言，查看更多特别报道不仅仅是一个重大的事件，还可能会改变我的人生。查看更多特别报道的发生，到底需要如何做到，不查看更多特别报道的发生，又会如何产生。这样看来，莎士比亚说过一句富有哲理的话，人的一生是短的，但如果卑劣
一、判断下列单词划线部分的发音，相同用T 表示，不同用 F 表示： A ()1. office post() 5. read head ()2. library right() 6. horse daughter ()3. these smell() 7. coke cake ()4. plate dance() 8. Tony hop B ()1. give sit() https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b13077309.html, seven ()2. red left() 6. what water ()3. read bread() 7. room book ()4. busy fly() 8. busy cut C ()1. climb big() 5.write white ()2. school food()6. color top () 3. hat have() 7. shirt sure ()4. cry city() 8. pet bread D ()1. know snowy() 5.hot cold () 2.school cool() 6. hair hear () 3. noisy boil() 7. small fall () 4. easy cheap() 8. ugly try 答案： A：1. F2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T7. F8. T/F（如果 Tony 是英式发音为 F 美式发音为 T）B： 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T7. F8. F C： 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F7. T8. T D： 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6.F7. T8. F
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亲爱的XXX： 春去春又回，新桃换旧符。在那桃花盛开的地方，在这醉人芬芳的季节，愿你生活像春天一样阳光，心情像桃花一样美丽，日子像桃子一样甜蜜。 此致 谨表谢意 信纸办公敬上
Dear Mr. Seaton， Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as much, because I wouldn't have known my way about. The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no climate. During the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I was lucky. I think the river trip was the best thing of all. London really came alive for me as we saw it from the Thames during that wonderful journey down to Greenwich. It was all tremendously exciting － a day that I shall never forget. Thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat. Yours sincerely, panda
小学英语六年级单词发音归纳 以下是我对小学英语所学单词发音的归纳，有些单词是多音节，因此会有所重复,不过这更能减低遗忘,加深印象. [ei] : a_e : cake, take , lake, hate, late, plane, face, make, game, gate, grade, grape, place, place, date, plane, plate, same, name, age ay : day, pay, play, stay, say, may, away, birthday, weekday, way, maybe, playground, today ey : they Canadian, paper, rain, rainy, table, train, station, eight, facourite, spain, change, April, lady, radio [ ] apple, appetite, cat, bag, animal, at, athlete, badly, bad, black, can, Canada, cap, carry, catch, practice, dad, thank, thanks, that, Paris, granddad, angry, factory, family, fax glad, grandfather, hand, happy, has, have, hat, jacket, Japan, an language, man, manager, map match, maths, panda, piano, policeman, rabbit, shall, lamp, pineapple, pack, stamp, January, National, back, camera, matter, weatherman [a:] ar car , far, farm, farmer, park, pardon, hard, garden, star, start,
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亲爱的XXX： 春去春又回，新桃换旧符。在那桃花盛开的地方，在这醉人芬芳的季节，愿你生活像春天一样阳光，心情像桃花一样美丽，日子像桃子一样甜蜜。 此致 谨表谢意 信纸办公敬上
Dear Mr. Seaton， Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as much, because I wouldn't have known my way about. The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no climate. During the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I was lucky. I think the river trip was the best thing of all. London really came alive for me as we saw it from the Thames during that wonderful journey down to Greenwich. It was all tremendously exciting － a day that I shall never forget. Thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat. Yours sincerely, panda
自然拼音拼读词汇 一．a e i o u 的短音 Aa: a n a m a t f a t h a s a nd b a g c a p c a t h a t f a t s a d h a d r a n p a n c a n m a n b a ck th a t th a nk h a ppy st a nd bl a ck p a nda f a mily dr a gon a pple h a ve M a ths a nimal gr a ndma gr a ndpa bl a ckboard ban a na a pple p a rrot a nimal c a rry r a ng st a nd m a tter c a tch Ee:l e g g e t b e d y e s r e d t e n h e lp h e llo d e sk s e ven el e ven tw e lve p e n p e ncil e lephant t e nnis pr e sent dr e ss w e st Ii: i s i t i n h i s s i x b i t c i ty th i s b i g sh i p th i n sk i p f i sh m i lk s i ng g i ve w i ndy an i mal sw i m d i nner w i nter an i mal b i scuit ch i ldren chopst i cks d i ff i cult dr i nk dumpl i ng f i fteen f i fty h i ll k i d l i sten l i ttle l i ve p i cture P i nk s i xteen s i xty sw i m v i sit w i n w i nner s i t g i ve w i nd w i th sk i p m i ss ch i ck f i n i sh f i nger fam i ly s i ster pol i cemen Oo:o x o n o f n o t d o g o n h o t g o t b o x d o ll d o ctor b o dy s o ng p o p pr o ject st o p o range cl o ck fr o g fr o m l o st s o rry b o x h o t l o st dr o p cr o ss b o ttle c o ffee sh o pping Uu：u p b u s m u m b u mp l u nch s u mmer s u nny u nder r u n r u nning l u ck d u mpling h u ndred h u ngry j u mp j u mping m u ch m u m j u st h u rry 二、a e i o u 的长音
请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。请在此添加文字说明，编辑文字。