2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案
1-5 ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB
21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC
41-45 BDCAE
翻译：
46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write abou t 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the l etter. Use”Li Ming”in stead.Do not write the address.(10points)
小作文范文：
Dear friends:
Recently a lot of new movies, you concern? I recently saw a movie is especial ly suitable for you.Its name is "If You Are The One".First of all it has very powerfu l cast. Storyline is very tight.Characters' language is classic and thought-provoking. But, I most like it because it's morals. Dear friends, do you to love the understandi ng of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie c an be reflected. Perhaps now we still can't clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lo t. Dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how yo u feel. Miss you!
52、DirectionWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .I n your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended mea sing and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20po ints)
大作文范文：
Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not pre vent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more indu stry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrializ ation" our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure wate r, good food, our health and the future of our children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern so ciety. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It m akes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that w e're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. Thebad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true stor y when speaking of our modern society.
In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more c oncrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environ mental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intention ally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environ ment means destroying mankind themselves
2010年考研英语(二)试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
"The Internet affords anonymity to its users —a boon to privacy and freedom of sp eech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 acros s the Web.
Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world t hat seems increasingly 3 ?
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation?s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the hi gh-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The syste m might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and w ould authenticate users at a range of online services.
The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet dri ver?s license 10 by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.
12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to est ablish a sense of community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organiz ations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"
Still, the administration?s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the appro ach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “volunt ary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 t o register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.
1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden
2.A.for B. within C. while D. though
3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless
4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposal
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a1760774.html,rmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent
6.A.by B. into C. from D. over
7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared
8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve
9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize
10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered
11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in
12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast
13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing
14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience
15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across
16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united
17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually
18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm
19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible
20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced
阅读第4篇真题
WILL the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project?s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Ber muda triangle” of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone?s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe?s single currency from disintegration is stuc k. It is stuck because the euro zone?s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on th e need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmon ise.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These mi ght include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country?s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that econ omic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French dirigisme.
A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politician s meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer memb ers, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone memb ers should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg, curbing competition in corpo rate-tax rates or labour costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world?s largest trading block. At it s best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges o f globalisation, and make capitalism benign.
36.The EU is faced with to many problems that
A it has more or less lost faith in markets
B even its supporters begin to fell concerned
C some of its member countries plan to X curo
D it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
37 The X over the EU?s single currency is stuck because the X pomery
A are X for the leading position
B are busy X their own crises
Cfall to reach an agreement on harmonisation
D disagreement on the steps towards disintegration
38 To solve the cure problem ,Gremanyproposed that
A EU funds for poor regions be X
B stricter regulations be impossal
C only core members be involved in ecomomic X
D voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that
A X countries are more likely to get finds
B monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
C X will be readily available to rich countries
D rich countries will busically control Eurobonds
40 X the future of the EU,the author seems to feel
A pesaimistic
B desperate
Cconeceiled
D hopeful
阅读第4篇真题
WILL the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project?s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Ber muda triangle” of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone?s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe?s single currency from disinteg ration is stuc k. It is stuck because the euro zone?s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on th
e need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmon ise.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These mi ght include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country?s voting rights in EU minis terial councils. It insists that econ omic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French dirigisme.
A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politician s meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer memb ers, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone memb ers should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg, curbing competition in corpo rate-tax rates or labour costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world?s largest trading block. At it s best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges o
f globalisation, and make capitalism benign.
36.The EU is faced with to many problems that
A it has more or less lost faith in markets
B even its supporters begin to fell concerned
C some of its member countries plan to X curo
D it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
37 The X over the EU?s single currency is stuck because the X pomery
A are X for the leading position
B are busy X their own crises
Cfall to reach an agreement on harmonisation
D disagreement on the steps towards disintegration
38 To solve the cure problem ,Gremanyproposed that
A EU funds for poor regions be X
B stricter regulations be impossal
C only core members be involved in ecomomic X
D voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that
A X countries are more likely to get finds
B monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
C X will be readily available to rich countries
D rich countries will busically control Eurobonds
40 X the future of the EU,the author seems to feel
A pesaimistic
B desperate
Cconeceiled
D hopeful
Part B
Directions:(7选5)
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), cho ose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. Ther e are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on AN SWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald?s, which sponsors the youth coach ing scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “in ducements” such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.
Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If chi ldren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”
He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around school and hospitals-a reas within which takeaways cannot open.
A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new visio n for pub lic health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This include s creating a new …responsibility deal? with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we wil l achieve this.”
The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoki ng over the last decade.
[A] “fat taxes” should be imposed on fast-food producers such as McDonald?s.
41.Andrew Lansley held th
at
[B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.
42.Terence Stephenson agr
eed
that
[C] “lecturing” was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.
43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that [D] cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
44.Dinesh Bhugra suggeste
d
that [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign.
45.A Department of Health Spokesperson propsed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.
[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.
Section ⅢTranslation
46. Directions:
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your transla tion on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volu me of greenhouse gases as the world?s airlines do --- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emiss ions?
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed t o get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to main tain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need t o be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and m ake improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction , but there is muc h more to be done, and not just by big companies.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions:
Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to
1) congratulate him/her, and
2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
考研英语真题 2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as ―a bodily exercise precious to health.‖ But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth – thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1.[A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like 2.[A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce 3.[A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining 4.[A]transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe 5.[A] measurable[B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable 6.[A]In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief 7.[A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected 8.[A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxes 9.[A] aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance 10.[A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal
2011年考研英语二小作文真题： suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to: (1)Congratulate him/her,and (2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe 2011年考研英语二小作文范文： Dear friend, I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life. In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life. Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei
2011年考研英语(二)考试真题及参考答案完型填空试题： "The Internet affords anonymity to its users—a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has1across the Web. Can privacy be preserved2bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3? Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyberczar,offered the Obama government a 4to make the Web a safer place—a“voluntary identify”system that would be the high-tech 5of a physical key,fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled6one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential7to a specific computer,and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to8a federation of private online identify https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a1760774.html,ers could9which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to11just once but use many different services. 12,the approach would create a“walled garden”in safe“neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of community. Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with14,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs15.'" Still,the administration’s plan has16privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would17be a license”mentality.
2011考研英语真题及答案(免费下载) D
stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
2011年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered b lank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exerci se precious to health.”But_____some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does_____short-t erm changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,____heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to__ __,a good laugh is unlikely to have_____benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does. ____,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,la ughter apparently accomplishes the____,studies dating back to the1930’s indicate that laughter.muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psycholo gical stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state.______on e classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted_______phy sical reactions.It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also_______tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow_____muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988,s ocial psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like 2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6．[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief 7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal 11．[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for 12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at 13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
2011年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs". Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems t hat make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leav e much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a1760774.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a1760774.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a1760774.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) 1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like 2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6.[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief 7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for 12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at 13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because 14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses 15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond 16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold 17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent 18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted 19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing 20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points) Text1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century.These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
2011年考研英语一试题及参考答案 SectionⅠ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily ex ercise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. ____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dati ng back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz. 1. [A] among [B] except [C]despite [D] like 2. [A] reflect [B]demend [C]indicate [D]produce 3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining 4. [A] transmit [B]sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe 5. [A] measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
2011考寻兵溢直至 Section 1 Use ofEngish Directions： Re ad the folownng text Choose rhe best word，' $) fa eadi numbered blank tmrk :A]. [B] |C] cr [D] on ANSAXTR SHEET1. ClOpows：- Anaent Greek philos)pher AnsoCe \iewtd iautfter asPbaEy exercise pr^acus to heath But _1 sane clasns ? caitrans laugta^ probatty tas lite influence on physical ￡ue$s Laugher does _2 _____ shcrbiermcha^e $ in the funcxn M tte heart and its blood wssels. ___________ 3_ Iran rate andoxv^cn consunpticn But because hard laugher is difficilt to __4_, a good lavgh widely to have _5 __________________ benefits aie way, say, walicng orjegging (Joes. _6_. inwdef ttrahinc nvseks to build them, itexerate doe& la空fg ipparenCy ac^crrptehes the _ 7_?smdie? daring ba de to rhe lQ3O s ndirate that laughrer_ 8__ nusdes. 湖tdre fa to 45 nimHM after the faugh dewn Sudi txxhls leaaioiinii^ii conceivabh trip _9_ (he effects of psvetofogieal stress. Anyway, the aciofUi^lw^ proVatb (ixspioiuce vdri upesof _______________ 10 __ feedback? ihaiiinpovr an ndiudual* s eniQUoxial star. _ 11 _____ oar classical ilx ocj of emo son , wi fetkigs aic pai nil) iwtcd 12 P A，LQ U K，C B LS II irgued aithc cad of de 19th ccatun ihit Iwuaa: w not ay 13 axe sadtwehey become sadwUndr teaxsVegu IQ flow. Although sadne^ iko ______ 14 __ tern. e\ 诙ire ag^ste tbit emoboas canfow_15_ mut^utar re^otiws In anexp^rirwit puHhhed in 19S8, toral pn^tologisr Fritr Strack rfAe Unwrsity of w^irzburg m Gemiany asked vo：wteers to _16 __________________ a prn either wth their teeti thMeH cr^anng an am final 5fnle 一or Mth their 邱s? which would produce a
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