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正译和反译

正译和反译
正译和反译

1. Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese

Such cases are found in a wide range of expressions:words of different parts of speech, various phrases, or sentence structures.

●Such a chance was denied(to)me.(v.)我没有得到这样一个机会。

●Time is what we want most,but what,alas,many use worst.(adv.)时间是我们最缺少的,但可叹之至,偏偏许多人最不善于利用。

●I have read your article. I expect to meet an older man.(adj.)拜读了你的大作,没想到你这样年轻。

●It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. (prep.) 他无权签订这种合同。

●The guerrillas would rather fight to death before they surrendered.(cons.)游击队员们宁愿战斗到死也决不投降。

●They feel great anxiety about his sickness.(n.)他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。

●The lecturer spoke above the heads of his audience.(preposition)讲演者讲得太深奥,听众听不懂。

●I'm at my wit's end to keep this child quiet.(phrase)我实在是没办法让这孩子安静下来。

●The mother said she would let off her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.(pie)母亲说,如果儿子晚饭前能做完作业,就不让他刷碗了。

●If it worked once, it can work twice.(sentence)一次得手,再次不愁。

2. Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese

This is just opposite to the previous case.

●The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation.(v.)虽经他一再解释,疑团仍然存在。

●He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.(adv.)他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。

●All the articles are untouchable in the museum.(adj.)博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。

●Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter. 有些人爱吃什么就吃什么,照样瘦。

●He manifested a strong dislike for his father's business.(n.)他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。

●Don't lose time in posting this letter.(phrase)赶快把这封信寄出去。

●Such flight couldn't long escape notice.(sentence)这类飞行迟早总会被人发觉的。

3. Same English Word, with Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese

● I'm new to the w ork. 这工作我是生手。(这工作我不熟悉。)

● He is free with his money. 他花钱大手大脚。(他花钱从不吝啬。)

● He realized that he was in trouble. 他意识到遇到麻烦了。(他感到自己的处境不妙。)

● The station is no dist ance at all. 车站近在咫尺。(车站一点儿也不远。)

● It's no less than a fraud. 这简直是一场骗局。(这无异于一场骗局。)

● The w orks of art were left intact, the money gone. 艺术品还在,钱却不冀而飞。(艺术品原封未动,钱却不翼而

飞。)

● The criminal is still at large. 罪犯还未捉拿归案。(罪犯仍旧逍遥法外。)

4. Double Negativ e for Emphasis

Double negative in English,as in Chinese,is used for emphasis. In this case we may either drop both the negativ e w ords or keep to the original,depending on which version is idiomatic in Chinese.

● There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。

● There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。

● It nev er rains but it pours. 不雨则已,雨必倾盆。

● It is impossible but that a man w ill make some mistakes. 人不会不犯错误。

● I am not reluctant to accept your proposal. 你的建议我愿意接受。

● Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 它的意义和重要性,不管怎样强调,也不算过分。

● Hardly a month goes by w ithout w ord of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U. S. citizens. 美国公民科学知识匮乏的现象日益严重,这种调查报告几乎月月都有。

5. Roundabout Affirmative

This is an indirect way of expressing a strong affirmative,and w hen translated into Chinese, the emotion of the original should be properly kept.

● He didn't half like the girl. 他非常喜欢那姑娘。

● I couldn't feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。

● I couldn't agree w ith you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。

● If that isn't w hat I want!我所要的就是这个呀!

● He can't see you quick enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。

6. Some Traps in Negativ e Structures

In the practice of translation,we may find now and then that some negative structures c-an hardly be rendered into Chinese literally,and sometimes even their original meaning could be elusive. This is w here we are liable to make blunders. The following are some typical patterns that call for attention.

1)not... because

● The engine did n't stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。

● Do n't scamp your w ork because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间紧而敷衍塞责。

● In that city,we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。

● This version is not placed first because it is simple. 此方案并不因为简易而放在首位。

2) cannot...too

● The importance of this conference cannot be over estimated. 这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。

● I shall never be able to stress too much for your kindness. 不管我怎么感谢你,都不足以报恩于万一。

● You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校对时,越仔细越好。

3) all/every...not

● All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。

● All cities did not look like as they do today. 在过去,城市面貌并不都像今天这样千篇一律。

● No,everything is not straightened out. 不,并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。

4) both... not

● But you see, we both cannot go. 但是我告诉你,我们俩不能同时都走。

● Both the instruments are not precision ones. 这两件东西不都是精密仪器。

● Both read the same Bible,and pray to the same God; and each inv okes His aid against the other. The prayers of both could not be answered. 双方念的是同一本圣经,拜的是同一个上帝,但各方都恳求上帝帮助去打倒对方。所以,双方的祈求不可能都得到满足。

5) for all...

● You may leave at once for all I care.你尽可立即离开,我才不管呢。

● He seemed as fresh as ever,for all that I never saw him drink or eat. 尽管我从未见到他喝点什么或吃点什么,他似乎仍然精神饱满。

● For all we knew,the files we were supposed to photograph were already on their way. 说不定那些该由我们去拍摄的文件已在途中。

6) It be+adj.十n.+that...

● It is a good w orkman that never blunders. 智者千虑,必有一失。

● It is a long lane tha t has no end. 路必有弯。(凡事总有变化,不会永远不变。)

● It is an ill w ind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。

● It's a good horse that never stumbles. 好马也有失蹄时。

翻译技巧总结

翻译技巧总结 个人认为,翻译题很重要!考研是个充实自己的过程,只要你还需要英语,就离不开翻译,所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书,XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》,我听过他的课,他的方法很实用,感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容: 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点,具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看,在此不赘述。 可看出,应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧,下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词) 3转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:

正说反译和反说正译

8. 正说反译和反说正译 正说反译 正说反译和反说正译的实质是从逻辑上改换说法。由于语言所反映的心理因素和不同语言的情调往往要求译者改换说法。英汉互译中,为了达到功能对等,增强语言交际效果,常常采用这两种技巧 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我们不能辜负父母的期望。 If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果本人递交证件,则本人不得擅自拆封,否则证件将被视为无效。 如果自己提交档案,学校的密封信封必须加盖公章、完好无损,否则无效。Private! 闲人免进! Keep upright! 切勿倒置! Wet paint! 油漆未干! Urban clearway! 市区通道,不准停车! Inflammables—keep away from fire. 易燃物品,切勿近火! I prefer the red one to the black one. 我要红的,不要黑的。 The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wildfire. 林肯总统遭到暗杀的消息不胫而走。 The plan cracked up through a bad landing. 飞机因着陆不当而撞毁。 Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 他不脱衣服,往床上一躺就睡着了。 I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我没有及时回复信函。 Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late. 睡眠过久不利于健康。

英语翻译正说反反说正译

英语翻译正说反反说正译

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第八章英翻译技巧(五)正说反译反说正译 正说反译、反说正译的应用 不论是正说反译还是反说正译,究其原因归纳起来主要是:保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯,保证译文通畅易懂。 所谓反面表达,是指英语词句中含有“not”,“never”,“no”,“un-”,“im-”,“ir-”,“in-”,“less-”等否定成分,汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份,不含这些成份的为正面表达。 (一)正说反译的应用 1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义,常见的有:Fail, fizzle out, fall short, be frustrated, escape, elude, slip away, stop, cease, overlook, ignore, neglect, refuse, grudge(怨恨,不情愿做), disdain, reject, turn down, forbid, prohibit, exclude from, bar, ban, expire, be blind to, deny, avoid, omit, forget, prevent from, live up to, resist, miss, lack. I missed what you have said because of the noise outside.由于外面的噪音,我没听清楚你说的话。 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 Such a chance was denied to me.我没有得到这样一个机会。 2.介词或介词短语含否定之意,常见的词有: Above, against, below, beneath, beyond, instead of, out of, without, but for。 Learn how to be instead of do.要学习如何做人,而不是做事。 The question is above the five-yea-old boy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不烦。 But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨,我们会早到了。 All international disputes must be settled through negotiations instead of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定,意思否定,例如absent (from), free from, safe from, different (from), far from, few, little,alien to,anything but, know better than(明白而不至于), too…to… , rather than,awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便),bad(令人不愉快的,不受欢迎的、不舒服的),blind to (看不到、不注意),dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的),difficult(不容易的),foreign to(不适于,与……无关),short of(不足,不够),poor(不好的,不幸的),ignorant of(不懂) He knows better than to do such a thing.他不至于干这样的事。 His work is far from satisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。 The problem is anything but easy.这个问题可决不容易。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋 4.含有if, before, unless,would rather 的从句或虚拟语气的句子,如: Jump down from the roof of the building. If you dare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。 She will die of hunger before she steals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。 I would rather die before I would betray my country.我宁可死,也不背叛我的祖国。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。 5、许多英语习语从正面表达,习惯上却从反面加以翻译,如: He was utterly in the dark about what had happened in the department yesterday. 他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。 Leave me alone!别管我!Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头,不做凤尾。 (二)反说正译的应用 1.双重否定 You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得/不破不立 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要水远抱乐观态度。 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.有志者事竟成。

大学英语 综合教程1 中译英句子

⑴众所周知,中国在2003年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。(…the year 2003 saw…)—As is known to all, the year 2003 saw the successful launching of China's first manned spaceship. ⑵时间见证了这所大学悠久的历史、自由的学术氛围和充满活力的学生生活。(Time has witnessed…) —Time has witnessed the long history, free academic atmosphere and energetic students' life of the university. ⑶中国在新世纪将发生重大而深远的变化。(The new century will see…) —The new century will see a significant and far-reaching change in China. ⑷南京这座古老而美丽的城市见证过许多重大的历史事件。(Nanjing witnessed…)—Nanjing, an ancient and beautiful city, has witnessed many great historic events. ⑸重游青年时代曾经学习和工作过的地方时,他回忆起许多美好的往事。(A visit…brought back…) —A visit to the places where he had studied and worked during his youth brought back many fond memories. Unit 2 ⑴观看激烈的足球比赛是让我忘却工作中一切烦恼的最佳途径。(take one's mind off…)—Watching exciting soccer games is the best way to take my mind off all the problems in my work. ⑵朋友们伤感地目送他开车离开,清楚地知道下次见面应该是很久之后了。(drive off)—Friends sadly watched him drive off, knowing clearly it should be long before they could meet again. ⑶社区工作人员花了一个月擦去那些曾经是城市印象的涂鸦(graffiti)。(wipe off) —It took the community workers a month to wipe off the graffiti, which used to be a notable sight of the city. ⑷在高海拔地区,人们用很多方法来阻挡紫外线(ultraviolet rays)。(keep off) —In high altitude areas, people use lots of ways to keep off ultraviolet rays. ⑸由于暴风雪,这个村子的水电供给都已经被切断(cut off) —This village's water and power supplies have been cut off because of the snowstorm. Unit3 ⑴乡村音乐是当今美国最流行的音乐形式之一。(…the most…) —Country music is one of the most popular forms of music in the United States today. ⑵没有一种不幸可与失去时间相比。(There is no other…) —There is no other misfortune that could be compared with the loss of time. ⑶最忠实的朋友莫过于一本好书。(…no…as…as…) —There is no friend as loyal as a good book. ⑷在世界上其他任何地方,你都找不到与瑞士一样迷人的风景。(Nowhere…as…as…)—Nowhere else in the world can you find scenery as attractive as Switzerland. ⑸CD的音质胜过任何盒式录音带。(No…could rival…) —No cassette tapes could rival CDs in terms of sound quality.

翻译技巧英语笔译技法——正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质肯定,或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说,或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法,就称为正反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 笼统的说,英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”(正说),也可以翻译成“没有毛病”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还是反说,就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最为重要的两种正反译法。 英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 1、名词 —含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够;不足)、lack(缺乏;没有)、absence (不在)、failure(未能;不成功)、defiance(不顾;无视)、denial(否认;否定)、exclusion (排除)、freedom(不;免除)、refusal(不愿;不允许)、loss(失去)等。 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国家。 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解。 2、动词或动词短语 —英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse(不愿;不肯;无法)、lack(缺乏;没有)、defy(不服从;不遵守;不让)、forbid(不许)、stop(不准;别)、ignore(不理;不肯考虑;无视;不顾)、hate(不愿意)、miss(没听清楚;没赶上)等。

常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法

译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法 正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1) 在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2) 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) (3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

高中英语句子汉译英翻译练习

高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿,我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么?(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭,电话铃响了。 6不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时,看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时,几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣,穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的?(happen) 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时,火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后,开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时,他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则,在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.(被动语态) 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候,我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后,我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)

高中汉译英句子翻译中英文99句

B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏,而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处,相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹,但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样,他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘,谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了,你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解,但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然,这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然,美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。 .Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly. 11.好事不出门,坏事传千里。 .It’s time I got down to some serious work. 12.我该认真干点正事了。 .I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 13.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话,但是没有打通。 .A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work. 14.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。 ③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse) 15.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.

常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1)Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (译文2)I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译) 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

最新【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法

1 【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 2 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正3 说和反说时有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质4 肯定,或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理5 成反说,或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反6 说处理成正说的译法,就称为正反译法。 7 8 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 9 10 笼统的说,英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、11 “in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中12 含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、13 “勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 14 15 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如“correct”可以翻译成16 “正确”(正说),也可以翻译成“没有毛病”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还17 是反说,就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 18 19 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最20 为重要的两种正反译法。 21

22 英译汉正转反 23 24 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式25 是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演26 变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成27 汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 28 29 1、名词 30 —含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够;不足)、lack(缺乏;没31 有)、absence(不在)、failure(未能;不成功)、defiance(不顾;无视)、denial 32 (否认;否定)、exclusion(排除)、freedom(不;免除)、refusal(不愿;不允33 许)、loss(失去)等。 34 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,35 没能访问那些国家。 36 37 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 38 39 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我40 们大惑不解。 41 2、动词或动词短语 42

(完整版)香港朗文2B单词句子及中译英格式

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