考研英语阅读背景词汇
超全整理
目录
Unit l 科普类
Unit 2 经济管理类
Unit 3 政治与法律类
Unit 4 医学与健康类
Unit 5 生态类
Unit 6 大众传媒类
Unit 7 天文地理类
Unit 8 艺术类
Unit 9 宗教类
Unit 10 体育运动类
Unit 11 食品类
Unit 12 其他社会生活类
Unit l 科普类access time存取时间
anti-virus programs杀毒软件
assembler汇编程序
bar code条形码
beeper传呼机
buffer storage缓冲存储器
call instruction呼叫指令
cellular手机
comsat通讯卫星
cordless telephone无绳电话
cursor光标
cyber crimes网上犯罪
cyberspace电脑空间，网络世界
desktop台式计算机
digital television数字电视
electronic control电子控制
electronic hearing aid电子助听器
encryption加密
fast-forward(放录像带等时的快进)
fiber optic technology光纤技术
firewall防火墙
flat panel display平板显示技术
floppy disk软盘
genetic engineering基因工程
hacker黑客
identifier标识符
intelligent system智能系统
intranet内联网
IT-industry信息产业
jumbotran(电视机的)超大屏幕
know-how(技术)诀窍
laser激光
long-distance educational system远程教育系统microprocessor微处理机
minicomputer小型计算机
modem调制解调器
multimedia多媒体
multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统netsurfed网虫
on-1ine service网上服务
palmtop(：PDA)掌上电脑
password．PIN(：personal identification number)密码portable便携式计算机
snooper窥探者
software package软件包
solar collector太阳能收集器
terminal终端设备
video camera摄像机
videodisc影碟
workstation计算机工作站
xerox静电复印
Y2k bug千年虫
zip-code邮政编码
Unit 2 经济管理类active trade balance贸易顺差
adverse trade balance贸易逆差
appropriate拨款
auditor审计员。查帐员
balance sheet资产负债表
bargain减价出售的商品，便宜货
hoard 0f directors董事会
bond债券
bottom line盈亏表
brisk(生意)兴隆
bubble economy泡沫经济budget预算
business restructuring商业重组capital资本
cargo manifest货物清单commodities fair商品展销会confiscate没收
corporation公司，股份有限公司counteroffer还价
creditor债权人
customs海关
dealer商人，贩子，证券经纪人deficit赤字，亏空deflationary policy紧缩银根政策demands and supplies供需depreciation贬值depression经济萧条期divided红利．股利
domestic market国内市场
duty-free免税
economic decline经济衰退
economic fluctuation经济波动
economic recovery经济复苏
economic stability经济稳定
economic strategy经济战略
economist经济学家
enterprise in the red亏损企业
entrepreneur企业家，中间商
executive director常务董事export．oriented economy外向型经济
fake and poor quality commodities假冒伪劣产品fierce competition激烈的竞争
fluctuation波动
GDP国内生产总值
GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值head office总部
human resources人力资源
income tax所得税
inflation通货膨胀
installment分期付款
interest rate利率
investment投资，投资额
invoice发票
labor and management劳资双方
labor force劳动力
large scale development of West China大规模妁西部开发levy征(税)
limited liability company有限责任公司macroeconomics宏观经济学
market-oriented economy市场经济
market research市场调研
merger合并公司
monetary货币的
monopoly垄断
mortgage抵押．抵押货款
most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇multinational多国经营的，跨国经营的
multinational corporations跨国公司
negotiation谈判；洽谈
patent system专利制度
patron老主顾
planned economy计划经济
potential market市场潜力
price hike物价上涨
principal本金
Private enterprise私人企业
Private property私人财产productivity生产率
productivity revolution生产力革命profitable赢利的
promotion促销
property tax财产税
public funding公共基金
recession衰退
reckoning结账
retail零售
revenue财政收入，税收
security证券
self-faised funds自筹资金
slack不景气
smuggle走私
social security社会保障(制度)
soft investment environment投资软环境speculation投机倒把
staff members职员
stagnant(经济)停滞，不发展
stamp duty印花税
statistical统计的
stock现货，股票。公债
stockbroker股票，证券经纪人
stock holder股东；股票持有人
strategic战略的
surplus赢余
tariff(进口)关税
tax break税额优惠
taxpayer纳税人
teller(=cashier)出纳员
trade、^rind贸易风
transaction交易；买卖
trust信托
wholesale批发
Unit 3 政治与法律类accusation控告
acquit宣判无罪
amend修正
amnesty特赦
appeal上诉
apprehend拘押，逮捕
arbitration仲裁，调停
armed conflicts武装冲突attorney律师authorize授权autonomous自治的bilateral talks双边会淡civil law民法
code法规，法典confinement关押，禁闭congressman国会议员conspiracy阴谋constitution宪法consul领事
convict宣判有罪
court法院
court of appeal中级法院custody拘留
criminal law刑法decree法令defendant被告defender辩护人defuse缓合，平息despot独裁者
disarmament解除武装
enforce实施，使生效
established international practice国际惯例federal government联邦政府
hierarchy等级制度
humanitarian aid人道主义援助
illicit非法的
indemnity赔偿
institution制度
intellectual property．right知识产权interim government过渡政府
joint declaration联合声明
judicial司法的
judiciary司法部
jury陪审团
lawsuit诉讼
legal liability法律义务
legislation立法
legislative立法的
legislature立法机构
legitimate合法的
litigant诉讼当事人
litigation诉讼municipal市政的offense犯罪parliament议会pending未决的
petition请愿
plaintiff(民事)原告
plead申诉，辩护probation缓刑．察看public prosecutor检查官reconciliation和解repatriate遣返Representative众议院议员ruling(法官等)裁定secretary部长
senate参议院
senator参议员sovereignty主权
statute成文法stipulation条文，规定subpoena传票
suit起诉
suitor(刑事)原告
summit meeting首脑会议峰会
terrorist attack恐怖袭击
terrorist organizations恐怖组织
The Capitol国会大厦
the House of Representative下议院
The Pentagon国防大楼
the Senate上议院
undersecretary次长
usurpation篡夺
verdict(陪审团)裁定
violation违犯
Unit 4 医学与健康类abortion人工流产
acupuncture针刺医疗法
amnesia(医)记忆缺失，遗忘(症)
anatomical解剖学的；解剖的
anesthetic麻醉剂
anti-aging抗衰老
antibiotic抗生素
antibody抗体
antidote解毒药
antitumor drug抗肿瘤药；抗癌药antiviral抗病毒药
arthritis关节炎
asthma气喘，哮喘
asylum精神病院
bacteria缅菌
biomedical生物医学的
carcinogen致癌物
cell membrane细胞膜
cellular细胞的，由细胞组成的cellulose纤维素
Centers for Disease Control疾病控制中心cholera霍乱
cholesterol胆固醇
chromosome染色体
clinical临床的
clone无性繁殖系，克隆
coma昏厥
contagion接触传染
comea角膜
dehydrate(使)脱水
diagnose诊断
diarrhea泻肚
enzyme酶
epidemic流行病
euthanasia安乐死
excretion排泄，排泄物
gene mutation(基因)突变
gene pool基因库
genetic engineering基因工程
genomic染色体的
glucose葡萄糖
healthy Diet Pyramid呈金字塔状的健康饮食heart attack心力衰竭，心脏病发作heterosexual异性恋的
HIV—positive艾滋病测试阳性homosexual同性恋的
hormone激素
hygiene卫生，卫生学
hypertension高血压
hypnosis催眠术
1CU(Intensive Care Unit)重症监护室immunize获得免疫力
incidence发病率
inflammation炎症
inoculation接种，预防注射
insane精神病患者的，精神病的insomnia失眠(症)
latency period潜伏期
leukemia白血病
malaria疟疾
malignant恶性
measles麻疹
medication添加药物，药物治疗metabolism新陈代谢
mother-to-fetus transmission母婴传播multiply繁殖
mutate变异．突变
nauseate呕吐
neurological神经病学的
obesity过度肥胖，肥大
ointment药膏
organ transplanting器官移植paralysis瘫痪
physician内科医生
plague鼠疫。瘟疫
potency药力
prescription药方，处方(的药) preventive预防性的
psychiatrist精神病医生rehabilitation康复，恢复
remedy疗法
removal切除
rheumatoid风湿的；类风湿(性)的sedative镇静剂
self-medication自我药疗
stroke中风
suspected case疑似病例
surgery外科手术
symptom症状
syndrome综合病症
taint影响，腐化，使感染
TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)中医therapy治疗，疗法
toxicologist毒物学家；毒理学家vaccine疫苗
vein静脉
l veterinary疾病的，兽医的
1 water soluble vitamins水溶性维生素
Unit 5 生态类acid rain酸雨
afforestation植树造林
algae梅藻
amphibian两栖类的，两栖动物
balance of nature生态平衡
bio-diversity生物多样性
biosphere生物圈
CFCs氟利昂
decibel分贝
deforestation采伐森林
desertification土地沙漠化
domestic sewage生活污水
ecocide生态灭绝
eco-friendy良好的环境
eco-label生态标志
ecological condition生态环境
ecologist生态学家
ecology生态学．对环境的科学研究
ecosystem生态系，生态系统
eco-tourist生态旅游；生态旅游业
effluent流出物，排除物environmentalist环境工作者；环境问题专家fauna动物群
flora植物群
fumes有毒的废气
global warming全球变暖
green groups绿色环保组织greenhouse effect温室效应
infrared radiation红外线辐射
mammal哺乳动物
noxious有毒的
nucleic acid(生物)核酸
ozone hole臭氧洞
ozone layer臭氧层
photosynthesis光合作用
plankton(总称)浮游动物
p0Ilufion index污染指数
polymer聚合物
refuse垃圾、废物
sewage污水
sewage disposal污水处理
sewage plant污水处理厂
sewage purification污水净化
soil pollution土壤污染
solid waste固体垃圾
stratosphere同温层
ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射
wipe out a species物种灭绝
Unit 6 大众传媒类audience rating收视率；收听率
bill海报
billboard告示牌，广告牌
braille盲字，点字法
brochure小册子
bulletin公告；简明新闻
carry刊登
cast演员表
censorship审查
circular供传阅的函件或通知
closed-circuit TV闭路电视
column专栏
condensation缩写本
coverage新闻报道
disseminate传播
2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s pur se. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocket book, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home.
2015年考研英语二真题答案（完整版） 2015考研英语二答案 完型填空题 1 .C signal 2 .D much 3. C plugged 4. A message 5. C behind 6. A misinterpreted 7. B judged 8. D unfamiliar 9. B anxious 10. D turn 11.A dangerous 12. A hurt 13.B conversation 14. D passengers 15.C predict 16. D ride 17.A went through 18.C in fact 19.B since 20 B simple 阅读题答案 Text 1 答案 21. D offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22. B childless husbands 23. A they are both bread winners and housewives 24. C earnings 25. B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut Text2 答案 26. C miss its original purpose 27. A the problem is solvable 28. C are in need offinancial support 29. D are inexperienced in handling issues at college
30. D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3 答案 31. A more emotional 32. C sports culture 33.D strengthen employee loyalty 34.A voices for working women 35. C companies find it to be fundamental Text4 36. B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs 37. C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs 38. B shows a general tendency of decline 39. B empolyment is no longer a precondition to get insureance 40.A 阅读新题型 41 .D Most of your fearsare unreal 42. E Think about the [resent moment 43.G There are many things to be grateful for 44.A You are not alone 45. C Pave your own unique path 翻译题 回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。这可能是你每天上下班的必经之路，可能是进城的旅行，亦或是回家的道路。不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个屈折拐弯之处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。在这些所有类型的旅途中，很容易失去驾车的注意力，并且几乎不注意沿途的风景。结果，比起这段路途实际需要的时间，你的感觉是花费的时间更少。 这就是经常旅行线路效应：人们往往低估了花费在一条熟悉的路线上的时间。 这种效应是由于我们分配注意力的方式引起的。当我们旅行一条非常著名的路线时，因为我们不是非得注意太多，时间似乎流逝得更快。然后，当我们回忆起这段旅程时，因为我们没有花费太多的注意力，因此我们对之记忆地不太清楚，所以我们认为这段旅行更为短途作文 PART A 【参考范文1】 Notice In order to enrich high school students’ life in summer holiday and expand the reputation of our university, the Students Union are going to host a summer camp in our school campus and volunteers are needed. The details about this summer camp and volunteer recruitment are listed as follows. Firstly, the summer camp will begin on September 1st and it will last for ten days. Secondly, the main theme of this summer camp is “Better English, Better life” and there are various activities in this summer camp, including English-speaking contest, drama contest, sports meeting and
考研英语（一）阅读技巧总结 俗话说：“前人栽树，后人乘凉”，我们做任何事不能闭门造车，备考考研英语也是同样的道理，我们要学会寻找技巧方法，吸取前人的经验教训，进而才能更好的准备我们的考研英语考试。 之前我在准备考研英语考试时，咨询过很多学长学姐，再加上我个人的一些体验，总结了如下技巧（主要是针对考研英语一阅读）一、素材来源 好多同学买到真题就立即上手做，但从未了解过，真题是来源于哪些杂志文章啊，以及它会涉及哪些方面的内容啊，我们只有了解了这些才能做到心中有数，做起题来也更有方向感，其实，考研英语阅读和完形填空的真题文章有一半以上的都来源于英国的著名杂志《经济学人》，这个老牌的英文杂志涵盖的方面比较广泛，包括经济、政治、文化、科技、历史等诸多方面的话题。 二、阅读能力提高 阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度，理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的考研英语成绩，最根本的方法就是提高词汇量，加强阅读训练，同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的，每个人都有自己做题的一套方法，也各有所取，个人比较偏向于快速浏览，选取关键词的方法，做阅读题时，我们尤其要避免以下几点：第一、不忠于原文，主观选择答案。尤其对比较熟悉的题材或有个人习惯看法的问题往往容易以自己的主观看法代替作者的观点。 第二、问题简单化，粗心以及一些不良的阅读习惯。研究生的阅读题比六级要难一些，一般情况下文章的中心思想比较隐含，不会放在每段的第一句，答案不会在文章中直接给出。 第三、做完题缺少检查。对感觉把握不大或较难的试题，尤其是概括归纳题，作者意图题等在做完后要根据全文和问题的答案，看是否有矛盾，是否符合逻辑。 以上就是个人的经验总结，希望对同学们有帮助，最后，再推
2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.
2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解） Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/5510754915.html,/
2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解 整篇文章的主题是与我们生活息息相关的内容，文章的难度不大，相比2014年英语二的阅读来说，难度稳定，这是在我们预料之中的。 第21题According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home＿＿＿(根据第一段可知，之前的调查中认为家是一个____地方)。[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace [B] was an ideal place for stress measurement [C] generated more stress than the workplace [D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation题目中明确给出范围，所以我们只要在第一段中找答案，且要注意题目中的关键词是previous。回归第一段，不难发现文章的首句便是答案出处：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.（新的研究显示不同于以往的绝大多数调查，人们在家比工作时的压力更大）。这句话中new、contrary to most surveys是提示词，与题目中的previous study相对应的，不难做出正确答案是[A] 第22题According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?（Damaske 认为，谁可能是最家里最快乐的？）读完题目，回到文章第二段找Damaske的观点：It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.在家男性比女性更快乐，Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.这句话的关键词是more,它与题目中的happiest最高级是相对应的，所以解这道题的关键便是nonparents.但是对于很多同学来说，nonparents是个生词，不认识。其实大家只要上过中公考研的英语词汇课，学习过词根词缀法，这个单词就变的很简单。nonparents是由否定前缀non-+parents构成的，non-这个否定前缀表示“不无非”，所以整个单词可以译为不是父母。四个选项[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers [C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers，我们可以轻易选出答案C，没有孩子且是丈夫。 第23题，The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that＿＿。回归第三段中，找到With the blurring of roles，发现前面的句子正是对这种现象的解释：for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.以及后面的the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women，指的便是女性不仅得工作赚钱，而且还得在家得忙家务，所以她们的身份是双重的。所以选[D] they are both bread winners and housewives. 第24题，The word“ moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means＿＿这是一道词义推测题，它与前文中的marking money是近义词，答案选[C] earnings收入。 第25题The home front differs from the workplace in that＿＿。文章第5段there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;家务劳动不会像工作一样得到足够的奖励，而且分工也是不明确的。答案对应选项[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut. 虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，
考研英语阅读经验 h t p:/w w.C n K y.N e t 2006-5-31 考研英语的重点就是要大量的阅读。现在考研英语对阅读的考查越来越多，这也需要我们进一步的提高阅读能力。虽然考研的阅读理解有一定的规律可循，但是这些规律也在逐年的淡化。这几年反技巧的出题趋势越来越明显，考试越来越重视考生的真正阅读分析能力。所以，我们一定要提前打好基础，在整个一年的复习中，每天除了做专门的阅读理解练习外，还要阅读一定量的英语报刊。据了解，考研的阅读理解很多都是摘自国外的一些著名的报纸，如美国的New York Times（纽约时报），英国的Times （泰晤士报）等等。如果能找来的话，这些都是很好的阅读材料。06年最新的4篇文章就来自于传统的核心刊物：Economist，Time，以及Newsweek，这个进一步说明考研英语文章选材来源的固定化，进而给参加2007年考研的同学也提供了一个非常好的平时选读文章的方向。在这里必须要强调一点的就是，2006年阅读理解的最后一篇文章在“英语文摘”第7期上不但已经发表，而且还附之以中文翻译。这个就告诉我们的广大考生，在我们选读国外经典杂志时也不应该忽略犹如“英语文摘”、“英语世界”等等核心的国内英语刊物。希望参加2007年的考生予以重视。而且，考研英语的阅读量越来越大，里面不但有很多考察全文的主旨题，还有很多的细节题和作者态度题，这些内容的提炼都要我们在平时的阅读中渐渐地培养，而不是靠考前一两个月就可以一蹴而就的。 与此同时，备战考试的同学还要刻意训练自己快速阅读的能力，由上下文推理的能力以及中英文翻译能力，这对于解答新题型以及翻译题都有很大的帮助。 英语语言教育包括听、说、读、写、译，但是对大多数考研的学生来说，学英语将来主要的目的是看懂国外本专业领域的英语著作，了解本专业最新发展状况。因而，在国内外各类英语考试中，阅读能力的考核越来越受到重视，难度也逐年升高，在雅思、托福测试中也是如此。所以新大纲加强阅读的考核也是顺应时代要求。阅读理解是硕士研究生入学英语考试的重中之重，这一部分要能获得高分，考生便能在考试中处于有利地位。 阅读理解部分，考生们常常碰到的困难是：理解准确率和阅读速度矛盾，往往是提高了阅读速度，理解准确率就下降，而一味要准确率时，阅读速度就恨慢。要想加快阅读速度，首先要养成正确、良好的阅读习惯。应克服如下4种不良习惯：
2017年考研英语（二）真题与解析 作者：凯程陆老师，有问题找我 SectionI Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters. 1．[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring 【答案】[C]warning 2．[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty
2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 【答案】[D] what 【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)，原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised 【答案】[B] concluded 【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded。 3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
考研英语阅读做题经验 和方法 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
考研英语真题经验和方法 阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，考生应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。对于说明文来说，最重要的是抓住文章的说明对象、事实和数据；对于议论文来说，最重要的是总结作者的观点和结论、抓住作者的态度，以及作者的观点和态度与其他人的观点和态度之间的关系等等。 13个重点考点和四大命题原则。考生应该熟记这些重点考点，并在平时的练习中训练自己对这些考点的敏感程度，做到使自己的神经能够一找到这些考点就会条件反射般地兴奋起来，从而增强对重点的记忆和理解。下面首先将一一介绍阅读理解文章的敏感考点。 1、首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。大家在阅读了一定数量的文章之后就能够发现，许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。 此外，文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如： allinall,inshort,toconclude,inconsequence,insummary,inaword,asaresult,the refore,accordingly,thus等。 主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 2、段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到，在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 3、长难句 上文提到了长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。 4、列举处 所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点，标志性的词汇包括First,Second,Third…;Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly… Finally;Firstofall,Then,Inaddition,Further,Furthermore,Besides,Moreover…针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节，有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式，不过通常会有两种题型：第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项，错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒；第二中
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course