考研写作100个同义词替换精髓词汇
1.important=crucial =significant=vital=essential=critical=fatal=concernful=necessary
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5817631801.html,mon=universal=ubiquitous=general=widely
3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)
=sufficient
4.stick=adhere=cling(hold on something tightly) =insist=persist
5.neglect=ignore=overlook=elide=lose sight of sth.(difference: neglect means someone has not
paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)
6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other)=adjoin(the same as adjacent) =close to
7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.)
=chase=aspire
8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)
9.vague=obscure=dim=indistinct=fuzzy
10.top=peak=summit=acme
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5817631801.html,petitor=rival=opponent(especially in sports and politics)
12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
=make illegal=abuse=censure=denounce=curse=imprecate
13.opinion=perspective=standpoint=idea=viewpoint=point of view
14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation=distinction
15.build=erect=establish=found humble pie
16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)
=put sb. to shame
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5817631801.html,plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) =murmur at
18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental
19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
=lighten=ease=remit
20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something he does not want to),
compel=enforce=impel
21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
=expansion=amplify=broaden
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5817631801.html,plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details )
=complicated=sophisticated
23. lonely=solitary=lonesome=single
24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,
25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment=commend
26.hard-working=industry=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very
thoroughly)
27.difficult=tough=bump=rub=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and
involves a lot of efforts)
28.poor(soil)=barren=infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)
29.fragile=brittle=vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
30.show=demonstrate=illustrate=prove=indicate =discover=find(to demonstrate a fact means to
make it clear to people.)
31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent)=colossal(use this word, you emphasize
something’s large), tremendous=giant=huge=enormous=gigantic
32.avoid=shun=escape=prevent=hide from
33.fair=impartial=just=equitable=detached
34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)=offend
35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons),
loathe(dislike very much)disagreeable=disgusting=hate
36.ruin=damage=break=devastate=destroy=wreck=decay=ravage
37.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)
38.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)
39.always=invariably=often=usually= frequently
40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will
never change or be changed)
41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),
astonish(the same as astound)
42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)
43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)=silent=calm
44.expensive=high price=can’t be affordable=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)
45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)
46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)
=senseless=uninteresting=disappointed
47.respect=esteem=honor
48.worry=fret=apprehensive(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)=freeze
50.hot=boiling(very hot)
51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and
health)
52.nowadays=currently
53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;
54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)
56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)
57.obvious=apparent, manifest
58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)
60.quite=fairly
61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
63.appear=emerge(come into existence)
64.whole=entire(the whole of something)
65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!
66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
67.difficult=formidable
68.change=convert(change into another form)
69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and
sensible)
71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)
72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or
his/her opinion is different from most people)
73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5817631801.html,e= utilize (the same as use)
75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)
76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and
satisfaction)
77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
78.scholarship=fellowship
79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)
80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#
82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can
attract you a great deal)
83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
84.disorder=disarray, chaos
85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success
quickly)
87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/
90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)
91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^
92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)
94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it
with something else)/
97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
98.so=consequently, accordingly
第一讲 引发激烈讨论，热门话题，激烈争论，广泛关注 heated, hot, long-running, controversial, hotly-debated a matter of (global )concern, (burning, pressing, thorny)issue, controversy, subject, focus, topic. be put on the agenda trigger, spark, arouse intense, fierce, contentious/ debate, discussion, argument arouse people’s wide concern/ / wide public concern/curiosity/attention, make people worried become public focus/ the focus of the society more and more people---an increasing number of people more and more useful---increasingly useful 人---事物 More and more people waste ---The growing rate of waste have people calling it an epidemic a lot of ---a considerable number of/ massive/ different people have different ideas towards it----people’s ideas towards it differ from one to another. ., views on this issue vary greatly. try to—attempt to, intend to think – argue, claim , deem , insist if – provided that, assuming that, supposing that 一写作常用关键词句： 1．认为，断言：think, believe, argue, hold, contend, state, claim, suppose, advocate, assume, point out, point to, allege, assert personally, as for me, as far as I am concerned, for my part 2．许多：a large number of, a large amount of, a considerable number of, a host of, dozens of, scores of, the bulk of, a majority of 大部分的，a minority of小部分的 3．如今、目前：in contemporary society, nowadays, at present, recently, currently, in recent decades 4．越来越：increasing, growing 5．重要，必要，肯定主导，关键，根本, 意义重大：important, necessary, essential, vital, crucial, influential, overwhelming, primary, overriding, principal，fundamental, elementary, cardinal, significant, indispensable, dominant, key, leading, prominent, decisive, major, gist, crux关键，症结所在 6．关注、重视、强调、优先考虑、把…放首要位置：highlight, pay attention to, attract…, raise…concern, arouse… concern, call for…concern, attach importance to, give p riority to, lay emphasis/stress on
写作中常用同义替换词 1. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 2.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 3.流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 4.提高, 加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill 13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession 14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid 16. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 17. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 18. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 19. 积极的, 好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 20. 消极的, 不良的：bad = undesirable=unfavorable 21. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 22. 健康的: healthy = sound = wholesome 23. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 24. 影响：influence= impact= effect, 25. 危险：danger =hazard 26. 污染：pollution = contamination 27. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race 28. 引起：cause = result in=lead to =trigger 29. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 30. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 31. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 32. 激发, 鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 33. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue 34. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 35. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 36. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 37. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 38. 可能：presumably, probably, perhaps, supposedly 39. 承认：without doubt=there is no denying that=admittedly 40. 表明：illustrate= demonstrate= suggest= reflect= indicate 41. 好：favorable=positive=promising=pleasurable=excellent=outstanding 42. 不好：negative=dreadful=unfavorable=adverse
形容词 合适的: suitable/ advisable/ sound/ temperate/ rational/ preferable/ reliable/ fitting/ modest/ moderate 精致的: elegant/ delicate/ elaborate/subtle 美好的: gorgeous/ glorious/ splendid/ admirable/ breathtaking/ impressive/ spectacular/ superb 杰出的: outstanding/ distinguished/ eminent/ excellent/ supreme/ extraordinary/ prominent/ matchless/ foremost 著名的: famous/ illustrious/ celebrated/ notable 聪明的: intelligent/ wise/ ingenious/ sensible/ smart/ clever/ knowledgeable/ capable 大的: immense/ huge/ spacious/ prodigious/ massive/ enormous/ vast/ tremendous/ expansive 小的: slight/ tiny/ microscopic/ small/ diminutive/ minuscule 重要的: important/ significant/ concernful/ pivotal/ superb/ momentous/ vital/ primary/ essential/ principal/ leading/ major/ dominant/ predominant/ fateful 最好的: optimum/ premium 基本的: underlying/ elementary/ fundamental/ essential/ cardinal 不足的: insufficient/ scanty/ meager/ needy/ poor/ scarce/ devoid/ empty/ lacking 充足的: fraught/ sufficient/ enough/ adequate/ abundant 过多的: excessive/ redundant/ overabundant/ inordinate 特殊的: unique/ matchless/ unrivaled/ extraordinary / special 奇怪的: odd/ bizarre/ quaint/ weird/ queer 相似的: similar/ approximate/ proximate/ homogeneous/ identical/ equal/ equivalent/ coordinate. 无效的: null/ invalid/ void 有效的: valid/ acceptable/ effective/ resultful/ efficient/ competent 高兴的: delightful/ happy/ hilarious/ exultant/ gleeful/ joyous/ exalted/ blessed/ pleasing/ amusing成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments 失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs 观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory 财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth 好处: advantage/ behoof/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead 优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue 缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect/downside 发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow 普及: popularization/ prevalence. 出现: emergence 情况: circumstance/ condition 原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason 影响: infection/ influence/ impact 提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate 思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think
写作高级词汇替换 ★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 2.change 改变：Transform 3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法) 4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★名词： 1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount o f= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）
13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词） 21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of= Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息） 22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子） 23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）
英语写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals人们(Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people 大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large quantity of=considerable amount of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding) 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词） 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold 认为 15. oppose=object to=be against 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develops=with the development of...=with the progress of…=a s…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词）
常用词的学术替换 动词替换： 提高： Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company. Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced. Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望 改变： Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改 变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构 强调： Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects. Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children. Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor. (highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多) 培养： Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life. Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals. 破坏： Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。 Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程 Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏the earthquake devastated the whole city. 保存 Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。 With解决 Tackle: tackle the problem. Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。需要 Require：xxx requires courage and confidence. Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。 call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法
Part 1 A A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题
★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken .) 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消极的,不良的：bad = detrimental=evil= baneful =undesirable ＝harmful=inhumane(无人道的) 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的: energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的: popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 12. 普遍的: everywhere=widespread=prevalent=overflow=rampant 13. 富有的: rich=wealthy=affluent 14. 贫穷的: poor=impoverished 15. 严重的：serious=severe (严厉的) 16. 便宜的：cheap=economical=inexpensive 17. 重要的：key=crucial=critical=important=significant=vital=substantial= indispensable=imperative 18. 急剧地：dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously=steeply =substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly=surprisingly=strikingly=radically= remarkably=vastly=noticeably 19. 平稳地：steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually=moderately= mildly 20. 有益的：useful=helpful=beneficial= profitable= rewarding= advantageous 21. 明显的：clear=obvious= evident= self-evident= manifest= apparent= crystal-clear ； ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= advance=promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with=tackle=address(*)=handle 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture=agriculture 6. 激发,鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = believe=insist=maintain=conclude=deem=assert= hold = claim = argue =be convinced=be firmly convinced=be fully convinced 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold= conserve 保护资源 10. 有害于,破坏，损害：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize= break=damage=hurt=injure=harm=jeopardize=devastate (抽象)
四六级考前冲刺必读：英语写作中高级同义词替 换 英语写作中高级同义词替换 连词篇：（介词，副词） Firstly: previously, beforehand,foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly,essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole,fundamentally, to begin with, to start wit h, first of all, at the outset… Then: subsequently, afterward,thereafter, after that, secondarily, what ismore, furthermore (further more)… Lastly:ultimately, eventually, inconclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but notleast, finally… Too: as well (句末)也, inaddition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also… And: plus, as wellas, along with, in addition, bonus, with… Or: otherwise, if not,before, or else… So (adv):therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason,hence, that’s why Because: as, due to,since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that… But:however,moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the otherhand, 让步although, eventhought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that… Only: just, merely, barely,singly, solely, rarely… Without: excluding, Very: extremely, acutely,decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly,unusually… Actually: as a matter offact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally,truly … 形容词/副词
.增补(Addition) in addition另外, furthermor e此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, finally最后2.比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast) whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.... 7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8.总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9.推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 11.启承转合 1)、启 A proverb says...... At present....... As the proverb says.... Currently..... Generally speaking, .... Now,.... In general, ..... On the Whole.... It is clear that.... Recently..... It is often said that.... Without doubt, ....... 2)、承 First(of all), ...... Moreover, ......... Firstly, ............ No one can deny that.... In the first place, ......... Obviously..... To begin with, ......... Of course, ......... Also, ....... Similarly,......... At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that..... Certainly...... There is no doubt that....... In addition,..... What`s more, .......... In fact........ It can be easily proved that...