英语
第一单元
When I think of people in this world who have really made a difference, I think of my parents. They were truly saints among ordinary people.
I was one of the ten children my parents adopted. They rescued（挽救） each of us from a life of poverty（贫穷） and loneliness（孤独）. They were hardly able to restrain（克制） themselves from bringing home more children to care for. If they had had the resources （资源） they certainly would have.
Most people do not realize how much they appreciated （感激） someone until they pass away（大多数人都不知道他们有多么感激一个人，直到那个人去世）. My sisters and brothers and I did not want this to happen before we uttered（说） the words "Thank you" to our parents （我的妹妹和弟弟和我都不想在我们对父母说谢谢你之前让这件事发生）.
Although we have all grown up and scattered（散落）about the country, we got back together to thank our parents. My brother Tom undertook（从事，承担）the task of organizing the event. Every Friday night, Mom and Dad
have had the ham dinner special at the same restaurant for the last twenty years. That is where we waited without their knowing. When we first caught a glimpse （瞥一眼） of them coming across the street, we all hid underneath（在…之下） a big table. When they entered, we leapt（跳出来） out and shouted, "Thank you, Mom and Dad." My brother Tom presented（提供）them with a card （办法,手段,妙计） and we all hugged（拥抱）. My Dad pretended（假装） that he had known we were under the table all along.
1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你
都很难在这样嘈杂招待会上发表演讲（no matter how）
No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.
2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们(just as ) Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.
3.汽车的生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被
盗车辆
Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification
number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.
4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了
If you daretell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.
5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活
Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.
6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金
Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. 第三单元
While many private schools are focusing more on values （重视）, public schools are moving toward testing standards. The national government demands（需要）academic（学术上的） success and tests are taken as a key measurement（量度；份量，尺寸；） for a school's performance（表现）. Schools with low test scores face penalties（惩罚） such as a reduction（减少） in money to run（经营） their schools. And, even individual teachers are being graded on（分级）how they're preparing their students for these tests."
We have concentrated（集中的，全神贯注的） too much on teaching the kids how to take these tests," commented （评论） one elementary school teacher（初中老师）. "We should be providing a more comprehensive（综合的，全面的） curriculum （课程） to these kids. We should be cultivating（改善，培养） leadership and curiosity（领导能力和好奇心）. Unfortunately, there is never time." One school principal remarked（重要的评论）,"It's true that it would be beneficial（有益的） to our kids if they were getting better scores on the
subjects being tested. The trouble is that in poorer areas of the city like ours, kids start school less equipped（被装备） to perform（工作）well. We have many obstacles（障碍）to overcome（战胜，压倒） before we can teach them basic subjects. All schools are not alike （同样地） , so they shouldn't be tested that way." The goal is to improve performance in schools that are not providing（提供） their students with tools for success," said one government official. He admits（承认）, however, that he is having a hard time convincing faculty（说服全体教职员工） and teachers this plan will work.
1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的
In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.
2.教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划。他们就得面对新计划所带给他
们的压力
Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的
In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.
3.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受
到同样的重视
As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.
4.据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开
It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.
5.这所学校把为学生做好人生准备当作其职责，办法是倡导一整套
能使所有学生受益的道德标准
The school sees its job as preparing its students for
life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.
第四单元
For many, beauty and fashion are permanently linked.
（永久地相关）With regard to（就…而言） fashion, the Barbie doll has been consistently（一致地，不断地） in style. From the first Barbie dolls, Mattel took care to dress them in detailed fashionable clothes. Some observers note that the fashions of the Barbie doll trace fashion trends（跟随时尚潮流）perfectly since 1959. While critics complain that the models do not represent"average" female bodies, they also complain about the Barbie doll's size. Some have criticized the dimensions（方面、范围）of the Barbie doll as an unattainable（无法实现的） ideal of the female shape.
Charlotte Johnson, the Barbie doll's first dress designer, explained that thedoll was not intended to reflect （显示）a female figure realistically（逼真地）, but rather to portray（描绘） a(n)exaggerated（夸大地）shape underneath fashionable clothes. However, the unrealistic dimensions of the doll have brought the strongest criticism regarding（关于） the doll's encouragement of an obsession with weight
and looks.
Convinced（确信的，坚定的） of the negative effects of the Barbie doll on children, Cathy Meredig of High Self Esteem Toys developed a more realistically proportioned（部分、比例） doll in 1991. Her doll did not sell well, however. Throughout the years, the Barbie doll has had several competitors, but none have been able to compete with the glamour（魅力、吸引力） offered by the Barbie doll.
1. 从各方面考虑，这座城市是世界上最令人激动的城市。Everything considered, the city is the world's most exciting city.
2. 尽管没有得到父母的赞同，他还是继续他的计划出国学习。Though withno approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.
3. 这座桥是以一位英雄的名字命名的，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。
The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.
4. 据说，画家是以他母亲为模特的。他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。
It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented
suffering yet strength.
6．这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而一举成名，小说的灵感来自于他和一位姑娘在农场的经历。
The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.
6.有个故事说，US是“山姆大叔”的缩写，“山姆大叔”原名叫山姆·威
尔逊，他曾和一名男子一起工作，这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。
One story says that "US" was short for "Uncle Sam"
whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.
第五单元
As a surgeon（外科医生，军医）, I have seen a lot of deaths.
I am rarely astonished（很少惊讶） by anything. The other day, however, one humorous and slightly odd story(轻微奇怪的故事) I heard touched me. A doctor told me that a very old woman he was treating was lying motionless（静止不动的） on her pillow face down. He thought she was dead, but when he approached （靠近）, he noticed she was breathing. Her hospital gown（病服）exposed（暴露出） her back bare （赤裸的后背）, so he put
a cover over her. Just then she sat up slowly（慢慢的做起来）, startling（令人吃惊的） the doctor. She seemed quite alive."
I thought you were nearly gone," the doctor said. "Your breathing was so shallow（微弱的） and you seemed lifeless （毫无生气的）."
"Never mind that, doctor, I've been waiting for you," the old woman said quite confidently, as if she were his mother. She had been a good mother to four, but she had survived（幸存，比…活的更长） them all. She gracefully handed the doctor a jar （罐子） of strawberry jam. "Take the lid off（拿掉盖子） and try some," she said. He sampled（品尝） a little and told her it was delicious. "Good," she said, handing him a piece of paper with writing. "This is how to make it." He understood what a(n) privilege（特权，权益） she had given him and took it with thanks and then left. The old woman lay back down and died soon after his departure（离开）
1.直到看到弥留之际躺在床上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.
2.考虑到他最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.
3.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否和活着Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered brieflyif she is still alive.
4.整栋楼一片黑暗，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光
The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.
7.这些士兵接受了严格的训练，并且对完成这项新任务有充分的准
备
These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.
8.他伸手拿起电话，拨通了宾馆的号码
He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number.
第六单元
Do you know February 2nd is Groundhog's Day (土拨鼠日)? Legend has it that on this morning（传说在这天早上）, if a groundhog can see its shadow（影子）, 如果一个土拨鼠能看见自
己的影子，there will be six more weeks of winter（就会有多于
六周的冬季）. If it cannot see its shadow, spring is on the way （如果不能看见，春天就快来了）. Some believe that the means of forecast is rather arbitrary（主观的，随意的） and is often incorrect（有些人认为这个预言是乱说的，通常是错误的）. Others
argue that it is significant（有重大意义的）because it recognizes that the different parts of nature are connected in some way（一些人争论那是有重大意义的，因为那是一种识别大自然的不同部分间是有联系的一种方式）. Each part is dependent（依赖于） on the rest of the parts for a healthy system（对于一个健康的系统来说，每一部分又依赖于剩下的那一部分）. Some farmers pay close attention to the behavior of ducks and geese when predicting（预测） the weather（一些农民在预测天气的时候会密切注意鸭子和鹅的行为）. It is sensible（合理的） to guess an early winter is coming when you see ducks and geese moving south in October（如果你看到鸭子和鹅在十月份迁移到南方，那么你猜测冬天快要来了是合理的）. Many dog owners can tell when winter or spring will come by stroking（轻抚） their pet（狗的主人通过轻抚他们的宠物能够知道冬天或春天将要来临）. In preparation for winter, a dog's hair becomes thicker（狗的毛会变密）. Dogs lose hair as spring sets in（狗在春天脱毛）
. Information gathered from nature can help people to take precautions（预防） against a hard winter or bad storm（从大自然采集信息能够帮助人们预防对抗一个寒冷的冬天和一场恶劣的风暴）. Some animals are even believed to be able
to detect（洞察） when an earthquake will occur（一些动物甚至被人们相信能够察觉地震将要发生）. People holding this belief
even go further（更进一步） to say that information gathered by computers is often worthless and nature is far more accurate （准确的）（人们坚持相信甚至更进一步说，通过电脑采集的信息是没有价值的，通过自然才是更准确的）: Isn't it time we started paying attention to what is around us?
1.我们应该尽最大努力预测地震，这样地震造成的财产破坏才会被
尽可能的避免
We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.
2.一个农民注意到有很多鱼在水面上游动，他说这预示着可能有地
震发生
A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.
3.要将英英词典放在手边，当你不能准确地理解单词时，你就能随
时查阅
Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.
4.如有必要，生活在将要发生地震地区的人可以睡在帐篷里
If necessary, people who live in the area where an
earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.
5.对一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的确有很大影响
A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.
6.这本书除了告诉我们地震方面的知识外，还告诉我们如何做好预
防工作
In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.
第七单元
Bill Gates is known around the world for the founding of Microsoft.And, most people are quite aware that his Bill Gates is known around the world for the founding of Microsoft. And, most people are quite aware that his evolution(进化、演变、发展) from computer hacker to the world's richest man was due in large part to his partner Paul Allen.But, while Gates' fame has mushroomed(迅速发展) since the beginning of Microsoft, Allen has remained less famous.Many around the world have followed the life of Gates, but are ignorant of what has happened to Allen.In fact, as most in the Northwest can tell you, Allen has made quite a(n) impact (影响)on the region and the world.In 2000, he retired from Microsoft, but the company retains him as a permanent advisor to top executives.Not all
of Allen's interests involve commercial(商业的)success.Allen has given four hundred million dollars in charity to the University of Washington for science and technology research.He created the Experience Music Project in Seattle, employing (使用)famous architect Frank Gehryto design the building.This is not his only contribution to the arts.Allen is very involved with modernizing Hollywood's movie technology.His film studio is the most advanced in the world.He has also built a sports empire, buying both a basketball and a football team as well as helping to support a local stadium, and he owns a sports magazine.Oh, and let's not forget, Allen is the seventh richest man in the entire world.Not bad.
1. 因此，以盖茨为首席执行官德微软还能走多远依然是个有趣的问题。
So, an interesting question remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as CEO.
2. 抱怨是没有用的，因为抱怨并改变不了什么。
There’s/It’s no use complaining since i t can never change anything. What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happening again.
3. 要学会接受这样一个事实：有些你认为是朋友的人结果却是敌人。Learn to accept the fact that some people you thought
were friends turn out to be enemies.
4. 正如你能从书名期待的那样，书里多处提到盖茨是个什么样的人。As you would expect from the book’s title, there are many references to what kind of person Gates is.
5. 改公司的兴隆源于公司上下人人克勤克俭。
The prosperity of the company stems from the entire staff’s diligence and thrift.
6. 就星期六晚上首次上演的那出戏，他什么也没说。
He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was on for the first time Saturday night.
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程3 十五选十 Unit 1 P12 determined to do something, however difficult it might be, you will 1) find a way to do it well. The 2) point is that you must have the will to achieve success. Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact that there is no strong will involved. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not make any 3) to achieve it. So, instead of getting it, they use the poorest excuse to explain the situation away. On many occasions, people tend to 4) every minute obstacle, making the objective impossible to attain. In reality, if they have the will to succeed, they can get rid of the 5) and achieve their goals. Only those with a(n) 6) and focused will and spirit can fight their way to final victory. Many a famous man has the same experience. They have 7) their prestige because they have had the will to 8) apparently insuperable (无法克服的) obstacles. Many artists, statesmen, writers and inventors have managed to succeed because they possess a fierce will, which has helped them to accomplish major 9) . Therefore, we can see that the main thing which one needs is a strong will. Weak-willed people never climb to the top. They collapse at the 10) use of force against them. Strong-willed people, on the other hand will stand up against all odds and will make it a point to succeed. Unit 2 P42 process that is 1) by profound psychological changes, especially in terms of how we relate to others. One of the most frustrating 2) of the adolescent years is the tendency for self-focus and a decrease in the 3) of focus we have for the feelings and needs of others. While these changes are fairly universal, those of us who were born with a shy temperament (性格) can carry the adolescent fears, which may never 4) , into adulthood. An anxious temperament causes our brains to react forcibly when 5) to the stress of sudden awareness of our peers and gradually we become more and more vulnerable. Our brains label the fear of exposure or embarrassment as highly dangerous. This may result in a(n) 6) circle for many years: excessive self-consciousness and inhibition when you feel you are being observed. To cope with the problem, I would like to 7) you to strive for increased focus on other people, in place of your 8) focus on yourself. Yes, I know, this is easier said than done. The fear may
Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持
不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
商务英语写作 商务英语翻译：商务英语五大实用翻译技巧 商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语，所涉及的专业范围很广，并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识，为了提高翻译质量，翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件。 第一，翻译者的汉语功底要好。很多人往往忽视这一点，认为汉语是自己的母语，凭着自己原来的底子应付翻译中的问题，是绰绰有余的。然而在真正的翻译过程中，为了一个词语或者一个句型，冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。有时好不容易想出来了也觉得不够理想。由此可见，汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语，打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。 第二，英语语言能力要强。全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量，而没有较好的英语语法知识。翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出，而且牛头不对马嘴。因此我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文句子理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。 第三，知识面要广。商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点，就
要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识，对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓，也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识，译者的语言水平即使再高，也是无法做好翻译工作的。 一、一词多义 同一个词，由于语境不同，其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子： 1.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。 2.They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London. 他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。 以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。 二、词类转译 词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。 1.名词与动词的互相转译： Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods
英语15选10题型分析及答题技巧 一、题型分析 篇章词汇理解是专接本考试中出现的一种新题型.要求考生从15个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处，使文章语句通畅，表达正确. 测试重点：考生对连贯性一致性及逻辑关系等语篇语段的整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解.既考查宏观结构，又考查微观理解. 二、解题步骤 1、通读全文，抓住中心(首段，首句原则) 2、阅读选项，词性分类(注意分析动词时态) 3、全盘考虑，灵活选择(根据所需词性缩小范围，每词只能用一次) 复读全文，核查答案(快速复读，用语感判断是否通顺准确) 三、答题技巧一：确定空白处词性 以下情况，空白处为动词： 1、n./pron. Vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动 2、n./pron. Vi.前名后无名，谓动不及物 3、n./pron. Vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物 4、n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动 5、to v.前有to，后原型 注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式 以下情况，空白处为分词： v 过去分词： 1、has/have/had p.p(完成时态) 2、be p.p(被动语态) 3、p.p n.或n. p.p(过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生) v 现在分词： 1、be -ing(进行时态)
2、-ing n.或n.-ing(现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行) 3、prep. –ing(介词宾语) 以下情况，空白处为名词： (名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语) 1、a/the n. 前有冠词 2、n. V. 空白后为谓语动词 3、prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词 4、(注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数) 以下情况，空白处为形容词： 1、adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词 2、adv. adj. 空白前是副词 3、link v./be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语 以下情况，空白处为副词： 1、adv. v.或v. adv.副词修饰动词，表示程度状态 2、adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词 3 、adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系 答题技巧二： 确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继而缩小选择范围，节省大量时间. Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with , peaceful ones. (根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peaceful有一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative) 答题技巧三： 介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语.
1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancle the trip under any circumstances. 2.我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出生于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他 为人可靠。 We trust what he has said,because he is well educated, comes from a respectable family ,and what’s more ,he is reliable. 3.随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑是对的。 The subsequent events once again confirmed that my suspicions were right. 4.在赛后举行记者招待会上，这位足球教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致敬。 At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance. 5.令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是个贪官。 To our surprise ,the governor, who had often been praised for his honesty ,turned out to be a corrupt official. 6.只有少数工人工人得到提升，在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted ,but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7.如果有机会，约翰也许成为一位杰出的画家了。 Given the chance, John might have been an excellent painter. 8.起初我以为他是开玩笑，可后来我知道他是当真的。 At first I thought he was joking , but soon I realized that he was serious. Unit3 1.许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。 Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their tuition. 2.除阅读教材外，使用电影和录像会激发学生学习的兴趣。 In addition to reading materials ,the application of films and videotapes can stimulate students’ interest in their study. 3.这位律师试图?服陪审团他的当事人是无辜的。 The attorney tired to convince the jury that his client is innocent. 4.自从20世纪80年代以来，医学方面的科学家们一直在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。 Scientists in medicine have been working at finding a cure for AIDS since the early 1980s. 5.我已经把我的简历寄往几家公司，但尚未收到回复。 I have sent off my resume to a few companies, but haven’t received a reply yet. 6.不少人希望有机会去国外学习，然而仅有少数人有此可能。 Many people wish for a chance to study abroad, but only some of them have it. 7.我们满怀希望地来参加会议，离开时却大失所望。 We came to the meeting with great expectation, but we left very disappointed. 8.尽管这位教授详细地讲解了这一点，但许多学生仍然不理解。 Though the professor explained the point in detail, many students still couldn’t understand it.
英译汉几个常见问题如下： 1）英译汉时语言组织不符合中文的讲话习惯。在不改变原文绝大部分意思的情况下，不需要字对字或者严格遵守英语语序，在获得原句含意后务必采用中文的思维将译文写出。要求是在读着看过译文后，不能让读着感觉到文章是翻译而得的，即不能留有丝毫翻译的痕迹。 2）英译汉时译文上下文的用词不一致。尤其是学术文献或论文的翻译，除了学术用语和专业用语需要准确，更重要的是全文上下文中同一个词或者短句翻译出的用词或短语必须一致。例如一开始将control panel翻译为“控制面板”，那么全文都不得改变这个译法。 3）英译汉时用词过于口语化。除了剧本，台词，字幕等需要口语化用词的翻译稿件以外。其余大部分翻译，例如文献，论文，合同，申请书，标书等，用词尽量书面化。例如“weight”在统计学和分析学中不可翻译为“给予数值”，必须翻译为“赋权”，两者意思相近，但是采用后者。 4）英译汉时词汇含意理解产生偏差。这是死记单词造成的后果。翻译中，在无上下文的情况下，除非是专有学术名词（例“diabetes”基本上永远都是糖尿病的意思），其余的单词很难说究竟是什么意思，我们只能说某个词大概是对照中文某个词的感觉，但是决不可死认一个意思，死认单词意思造成翻译不通、翻译错误等。当然也不能糊译，不能为了使句子翻译通顺而胡编一个意思。 5）英译汉时英语长句中的意群划分有误。原版的英语资料中长句较多，往往40-50个词之间没有一个标点，修饰成分和意群划分的错误会导致理解错误和翻译错误。原则上，英语中的各类从句，特别是状语从句在句子中的位置相对灵活，没搞明白其修饰对象就会错译。 汉译英几个常见问题如下： 1）汉译英时字对字翻译。这是翻译中最致命的错误，很多人以为认识对应的英语单词或者知道对应的英语单词，这句话才会翻译。其实不是，原则上四千词汇量就能解释大部分英语单词的含义，只不过大部分人不知道如何用简单词汇造句去描述或解释高难度单词。 2）汉译英时中式语序。何谓中式语序，即以“主+谓+宾”为主的句型。这种句子写多了，一旦遇上长句或者语法功能上缺少成分的句子就懵了。所以必须多读，多了解原版英语的句子是如何写的。 3）汉译英时短句太多。这里并不是指写英语短句不好，在考试中建议写短句，这是为了避免语法错误，当然也不要太短了。在较为正式的或专业性强的文本中，汉译英在必要时需要翻译成长句。例如不久前的某论文中的一句：筛选出对靶基因干扰效率最高的 HER2-shRNA慢病毒表达载体并成功包装成病毒去感染SKOV-3细胞而后在体外进行实验的结果显示Her2/neu的siRNA慢病毒载体可以显著抑制靶基因的表达并使卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的生物学行为明显受抑。因此，熟练掌握各类从句的写法和作用很重要。 4）汉译英时英语词汇词义辨析不清而导致误用，用词不准。大部分人的翻译习惯是，凡是中文有英文的对应单词，就二话不说直接用，其实这个是不对的。很多同义词意思相近，用法和所用的语境场合完全不同。例如“base”“basis”“foundation”，意思几乎相同，但是用法完全不同。尤其是学术文章，误用就导致歧义。 5）汉译英时逻辑混乱结构不清。汉译英中的逻辑和语句结构相当重要。逻辑混乱，即译文毫无章法，思绪混沌，不知所云。结构不清，即英语的从句或其他成分在句中的位置胡乱摆放，进行翻译的人员自然是清楚的指导这些英语句子的含义，因为是看着中文翻译过来的，想不知道中文含义都难，但是没看过中文的读着就会因此而看得云里雾里，从而导致读者难以理解译文。
大学英语四级15选10阅读理解模拟题库精选试题一 For many people in the U.S., sports are not just for fun. They're almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in (1) ________. Other fans watch the games at home, glued to their TV sets. The most (2)________ sports buffs never miss a game. Many a wife becomes a "sports widow" during her husband's favorite season. America's devotion to athletics has created a new class of (3)________ people: professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in (4)________ for soft drinks, shoes and even toiletries. Not all Americans (5)________ sports, but athletics are an important part of their culture. Throughout their school life, Americans learn to play many sports. All students take physical education classes in school. Some try out for the school teams, while others join intramural sports leagues. Athletic events at universities attract scores of fans and (6)________ the whole community. Many people also enjoy non-competitive (7)________ like hiking, biking, horseback riding, camping or hunting. To communicate with American sports nuts, it helps if you can talk sports. Sports in America represent the international (8)________ of the people who play. Many sports were (9)________ from other countries. European immigrants brought tennis, golf, bowling and boxing to America. Football and baseball came from other Old World games. Only basketball has a truly American origin. Even today some (10)________ "foreign" sports like soccer are gaining American fans. In 1994 the U.S. hosted the World Cup for the first time ever. A.wealthy B.benefit C.duration D.constant E.imported F.activities G.devoted H.necessarily I.worship J.person https://www.doczj.com/doc/5717600470.html,prised L.advertisements M.heritage N.sufficient O.formerly
Unit 1 Personality羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，
Unit 6 "Don't ever mark in a book!" Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself. HOW TO MARK A BOOK Mortimer J. Adler You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them. There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had,
新编大学英语综合教程3课文翻译
Unit 1 Personality In-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦 1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影
响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。 3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无