英语修辞概要
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英语之修辞小结第一篇:英语之修辞小结19修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)...as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。
)2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。
)3.Hope is a good breakfast, but it’s a bad supper.由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。
如:He has a heart of stone.He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。
暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。
谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如:There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
修辞格是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.借代(metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似,但有密切关系时,可以利用这种关系,以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物,这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”;而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻,借喻或借代。
The buses in America are on strike now.(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。
The pen is mightier than the sword.(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。
She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
He always keeps a good table, and one gets plenty to eat and drink in his house. (table代替wine&food) 提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...” 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
英语修辞手法总结
1. 嘿,simile(明喻)呀,就像“她的笑容像阳光一样灿烂”,这不是一下子就让你感受到她笑容的温暖了嘛!
2. 哇哦,metaphor(隐喻),比如“时间是小偷”,多形象地表达了时间悄悄偷走东西的感觉呀!
3. 嘿呀,personification(拟人),像“风在怒号”,把风当成会发怒的人,是不是很有趣呢?
4. hyperbole(夸张)可太有意思啦,“我能吃下一头牛”,这得是多大的食量呀,哈哈!
5. understatement(低调陈述),“这不算太坏”,其实可能已经挺糟糕了,但这么说就感觉还好啦。
6. irony(反讽),“你可真聪明啊”,但其实是说反话,在讽刺呢,这种感觉很奇妙吧!
7. euphemism(委婉语),“他去见上帝了”,多委婉地说一个人去世了呀。
8. metonymy(转喻),“白宫决定了”,其实是说美国政府呢,很巧妙吧!
9. synecdoche(提喻),“帆来了”其实说的是船来了,这种指代很特别呢!
10. alliteration(头韵),“Sally sells seashells by the seashore”,读起来朗朗上口,很有意思吧!
我觉得英语修辞手法真的是让语言变得丰富多彩,充满魅力呀!它们能让我们更生动、更形象地表达自己的想法和感受呢!。
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如:●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。
)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。
例如:●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
英语修辞作用总结什么是修辞修辞是一种语言运用技巧,通过运用词语、句子和篇章等手段,使语言更富有感染力和表现力。
在英语写作中,修辞是非常重要的一部分,它可以帮助我们更好地表达思想和情感,使文章更加生动有趣。
下面将总结一些常见的英语修辞手法及其作用。
比喻比喻是一种通过比较将两个不同的事物联系起来的修辞手法。
它可以帮助读者理解抽象的概念或感受到事物的特点,并使文章更具有形象感。
比如,“他是一只勤劳的蜜蜂”,通过将一个人和一只蜜蜂进行比较,强调了这个人工作勤奋的特点。
拟人拟人是一种将非人的事物赋予人的性格、行为和感觉的修辞手法。
它能够提供更生动的形象,并增加读者的兴趣。
例如,“阳光在微笑,花儿在低语”,通过将阳光和花儿拟人化,创造了一种温馨的氛围。
排比排比是一种将两个或多个相同或相似的词、短语或句子并列起来的修辞手法。
它能够加强表达的力度,给人以强烈的冲击感。
例如,“today, tomorrow, forever”(今天,明天,永远),通过排比的方式,强调了事物的持久性和重要性。
倍数修饰倍数修饰是一种用数字或倍数来修饰名词的修辞手法。
它可以帮助读者更好地理解数量或程度,并加强表达的效果。
例如,“infinite possibilities”(无限的可能),通过使用倍数修饰词“无限”,强调了这个名词的无穷大。
修辞问答修辞问答是一种通过提出问句并立即回答的修辞手法。
它可以吸引读者的注意力,并使读者更好地理解作者的观点。
例如,“Do I dare disturb the universe? Yes,I do!”(我敢扰乱宇宙吗?敢!),通过修辞问答的结构,强调了作者的勇气和决心。
转喻转喻是一种将一个概念与另一个概念进行类比的修辞手法。
它可以帮助读者更好地理解抽象的概念,并使文章更具有说服力。
例如,“Time is money”(时间就是金钱),通过将时间和金钱进行类比,强调了时间的珍贵和重要性。
反问反问是一种提出问题,但不期望回答的修辞手法。
英语中的修辞手法与文体知识点修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种表达方式,它通过运用特定的语言技巧和结构,增强语言的感染力和表达力,使文章更具艺术性和表现力。
本文将介绍英语中常见的修辞手法以及相关的文体知识点。
一、比喻比喻是运用类似的事物进行直接或间接的比较,以便更好地阐述某个意义或揭示某种感觉。
通过比喻,可以使抽象的概念更加具体形象,提升文章的吸引力和情感张力。
例如,"Life is a journey."(生活就是一场旅程)就是一个常见的比喻句。
二、拟人拟人是指将非人类的事物或概念赋予人类的特质和行为,使其更具生命力和感知能力。
通过拟人,可以让读者更加深刻地感受到某种情感或现象的存在。
例如,"The sun smiled down on us."(阳光微笑着洒落在我们身上)中的"sun smiled"就是一个拟人的表达。
三、夸张夸张是为了强调或者夸大某种情感或描述,在修辞手法中常用来渲染氛围和增加艺术感。
夸张的运用可以使文章更加引人入胜,给读者留下深刻的印象。
例如,"I've been waiting for ages!"(我等了好几个世纪了!)就使用了夸张手法来突出等待的时间之长。
四、设问设问是通过提出问题的方式引发读者的思考,增加文章的互动性和吸引力。
通过巧妙的设问,可以引导读者思考并产生共鸣,使文章更具说服力和启发性。
例如,"What would you do if you had one day left to live?"(如果你只剩下最后一天可以活,你会怎么做?)中的设问引发了读者对生活的思考。
五、对比对比是通过对两个事物进行比较,强调它们之间的不同之处或者相互关系,以达到突出或者对比的效果。
通过对比,可以使文章更加生动有趣,也更好地传达作者的观点。
例如,"His words were as sharp as a knife, while her words were as gentle as a breeze."(他的话锋锐如刀,而她的话则温柔如微风)中的对比句增加了文章的表现力和张力。
一、Figure of Emphasis强调修辞1.Repetition 重复1.1. Immediate Repetition连续重复Scrooge went to bed again, and thought, and thought, and thought it over and over, and could make nothing of it.1.2. Intermittent repetition间隔重复When Della had finished crying, she went to the window and looked out sadly at a grey cat walking along a grey fence in a grey backyard.1.2.1.Anaphora 首语重复Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.1.2.2.Epiphora 尾语重复… and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people.1.2.3.Simploce/ Epidiplosis首尾重复( a combination of anaphora and epiphora)Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death1.2.4.Anadiplosis 联珠/顶真/尾首反复运用顶真修辞手法,不但能使句子结构整齐,语气贯通,而且能突出事物之间环环相扣的有机联系。
英语常用修辞英语作为一门丰富多彩的语言,拥有众多的修辞手法,这些手法能够增强语言的表现力、感染力和说服力,使我们的表达更加生动、形象、有趣。
接下来,让我们一起探索一些常见的英语修辞。
一、明喻(Simile)明喻是一种非常直接的修辞手法,通过使用“像”(like)、“如同”(as)等词将两个不同的事物进行比较,以突出它们之间的相似之处。
例如,“Her smile is like a flower”(她的笑容像一朵花。
)在这个句子中,将笑容和花朵进行比较,形象地描绘出了笑容的美丽和灿烂。
明喻能够让读者或听者更加直观地感受到所描述的事物的特点,使语言更加生动有趣。
再比如,“The old man runs as slow as a snail”(这位老人跑得像蜗牛一样慢。
)通过将老人的跑步速度与蜗牛进行比较,清晰地展现了老人行动的迟缓。
二、暗喻(Metaphor)与明喻不同,暗喻是一种更为含蓄的比较,它不使用“像”、“如同”这类词,而是直接将一个事物说成是另一个事物。
例如,“Time is a thief”(时间是个小偷。
)这里把时间比作小偷,暗示时间会不知不觉地偷走我们的宝贵时光。
暗喻能够使语言更加简洁有力,给人留下深刻的印象。
又如,“The classroom is a zoo”(教室是个动物园。
)形象地表达出教室里的喧闹和混乱。
三、拟人(Personification)拟人是赋予非人类的事物以人类的特征、行为或情感。
比如,“The wind whispered through the trees”(风在树林中低语。
)风本是没有生命的自然现象,但通过“低语”这个人类的动作,使其具有了人的特质,让读者更能感受到风的轻柔。
“The stars danced playfully in the sky”(星星在天空中欢快地跳舞。
)将星星的闪烁描绘成跳舞,充满了活泼和欢乐的氛围。
拟人手法可以让我们对周围的世界产生更加亲切和生动的感受。
20种英语修辞手法整理英语修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种技巧,通过巧妙地运用修辞手法,可以增加文章的表现力和吸引力,使读者更加有兴趣阅读。
本文将整理介绍20种常见的英语修辞手法。
一、比喻(Metaphor)比喻是一种常见的修辞手法,用于通过将两个不相干的事物进行比较,以增强表达的效果。
例如:“他是一只勇敢的狮子。
”二、暗喻(Implicit Metaphor)暗喻是一种通过隐晦的方式进行比喻的修辞手法,不直接明示被比较的事物。
例如:“他是个夜猫子。
”三、拟人(Personification)拟人是将非人事物赋予人的特质或行为的修辞手法。
例如:“大地张开了它温暖的怀抱。
”四、夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是一种通过夸大事物的说法来产生强烈效果的修辞手法。
例如:“我等了一万年。
”五、对比(Contrast)对比是一种通过将两个不同或相反的事物进行相互对比,以突出差异或强调某一方面的修辞手法。
例如:“他的言行恰恰相反。
”六、排比(Parallelism)排比是一种通过对句子或短语进行平行结构的修辞手法,以强调重点或增加语句的节奏感。
例如:“奋斗,拼搏,追求,努力。
”七、倒装(Inversion)倒装是一种颠倒语序的修辞手法,常常用于疑问句或为了强调某一部分。
例如:“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”八、反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是一种用疑问句的形式表达肯定或否定的修辞手法,常用于强调某一观点或引起读者思考。
例如:“难道你不想成功吗?”九、比较(Comparison)比较是通过将两个事物进行对比,以凸显共同点或差异的修辞手法。
例如:“学习就像是爬山,充满了艰辛和挑战。
”十、设问(Hypophora)设问是一种在文章中提出问题,并在下文中进行回答的修辞手法,常用于引起读者的关注和思考。
例如:“你知道成功的秘诀是什么吗?答案很简单——努力。
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧,通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法,能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。
以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳:一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物,而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。
例如,“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”(明喻)和“爱情是一座城堡”(隐喻)。
二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性,而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。
例如,“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”(拟人)和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”(拟物)。
三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用,以增强语势。
对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比,以突出主题。
例如,“生命在于运动,死亡在于静止”(对偶)和“他跨越了山岭,穿越了沙漠,走过了平原”(排比)。
四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用,以强调某种情感或主题。
交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用,以达到特定的表达效果。
例如,“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”(反复)和“是与否,对与错”(交错)。
五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分,而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。
例如,“我要用笔墨写下永恒”(借代)和“人是一本书”(提喻)。
六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果,戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。
例如,“他是一个天生的傻瓜”(反讽)和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”(戏谑)。
七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起,以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。
例如,“孤独的狂欢”,“死亡的生命”。
八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头,脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。
例如,“美丽的美女”(头韵)和“生活是一首歌”(脚韵)。
九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题,弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。
An Introduction to English Figures of Speech1. Simile (明喻)A simile is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things that are essentially unlike, yet are alike in a certain respect. A simile is made up of three parts, namely : a) the tenor ( the thing described) b) the vehicle ( the thing compared to) , and c) words such as “as”, “like”, “as if / as though”, “and” and the structure “ of+ noun.”used to show the relationship of comparison. For example:He is as stubborn as a mule.That man can‟t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.O my love‟s like a red, red rose. (woman—rose ) -----Robert BurnsThe past rises before me like a dream.Jim and Billy are as like as two peas.*He had no more idea of art than a cow.Who is to blame but her tyrant of a father?That is one hell of a jury.2. Metaphor(暗喻)A metaphor is the use of a phrase which describes one thing by stating another thing with which it can be compared without using the words “as” or “like”. It is also a comparison between two things that are essentially unlike yet are alike in a certain respect. It differs from simile in that there are no words whatsoever used to show the relation of comparison between the tenor and the vehicle. A genuine metaphor therefore, is an implied simile. For example:The world is a stage.Jim was a fox.He is the soul of the team.Failure is the mother of success.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.--------(Bacon) She melted into tears.He is a lion in the way.The man is the black sheep in the family.A dark horseI was able to rise from the ashes. (凤凰焚身的形象)(我终于从灰烬中获得新生/我终于得以东山再起)A mixed metaphor is one in which the writer starts with one comparison and then shifts to another that is not consistent with the first; the implications of one image clash with those of another.3. Personification(拟人)Personification is a figure of speech which attributes human qualities and abilities to inanimate objects, animals, abstract ideas, eg.Youth is hot and bold, (青春充满热情和勇气)Age is weak and cold, (衰老变得虚弱和冷漠)Youth is wild, and age is tame.(青春豪放不羁,衰老温顺驯服)----William ShakespeareThis time fate was smiling to him.The wind is whistling through the trees.Dusk came stealthily.(黄昏悄悄来临)I watched the moonlight dancing on the ripples of the lake.She listened to the brook murmuring through the hills.The ancient mansion spoke to me of bygone days.4. Metonymy (转喻)Metonymy is a figure of speech as consists in the use of the name of one thing for the name of another. It expresses an association between the thing spoken of and the thing meant-----the mention of one suggests the other. The most often used ones are as follows :e a container to represent the thing contained, e.g.The kettle is boiling.The hall applauded.e clear signs of an object to represent the object itself, e.g.Those big noses, blue eyes and yellow hairs taught them English. Grey hair should be respected. ( Big noses, blue eyes and yellow hair stand for foreigners. Grey hair stands for old people.)e tools to represent actions or the agentHis pen proves mightier than his pickax. (his pen—what is written by the pen; books and articles, etc.; pickax—mining (gold) or prospecting by pickax )d. Use organs to represent their functionsI was not one to let my heart rule my head. (heart—feelings or emotions; head(brain)—wisdom, intelligence, reason)He not only has an ear for music but also a ready tongue. ( ear for music—talent for music;ready tongue—eloquence )e the names of writers to represent their writingsI like to read Shakespeare .e an organ to represent its function.He writes a good hand. (His handwriting is legible (good).)e the thing related to represent the thing itself.He keeps a good table. ( He provides good food.)He took to the bottle. ( He took to drinking.)She took the veil at 20. (She became a nun at 20.)He enjoyed a good fame in the bar. ( legal profession)e quotation or proverb to represent characteristics of someone or something.You are all the salt of the earth. Our hope is placed on you. (社会中坚)Little Mary is the apple of her father‟s eye. (掌上明珠)Everybody has his Achilles‟ heel. (致命弱点)i. Use place names or locations to represent government , business or industrial enterprisesDowning Street : the British government or cabinetThe White House : the president or Executive branch of the U.S. governmentThe Pentagon: the U.S. military establishmentFleet Street: the British pressWall street: U.S. financial circlesMadison Avenue: American advertising industryHollywood: American film-making industry5. Synecdoche (提喻)Synecdoche means giving the part for the whole or vice versa, using a kind of thing to represent another big kind or vice versa, and using raw material to represent the thing made of it.e the part to represent the wholeTwenty years later when he came back to his home town, he saw many new faces.(strangers)The farms are short of hands during the harvest season.(workers)He has a fleet of fifty sails.(ships)Great minds think alike.(great persons)e the whole to represent the partThe score is 2 to 1 in favor of China. (Chinese team)The world stands by our side.e a kind of thing to represent another big kind.It is said that the cutthroat still remains at large.e a big kind of thing to represent another kind of thing.The poor creature could no longer endure her sufferings. (a woman)e raw material to represent the thing made of it.The family has been on the boards since the grandfather‟s time. (the stage)e concrete things to represent abstract things or vice versa.There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Frenchman. ( …tiger‟ and …ape‟ stands for the quality of …ferocity‟ and …cunningness‟ )All the wit and learning were assembled here. (the wit—the clever and wise people;learning—learned people)6. Antithesis (对句,对偶)Antithesis is a figure of speech which is a contrast of ideas expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted words, generally for a tuneful rhythm and wisdom of brevity. For example, Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them.Speech is silver, silence is golden.It was the best of times; it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of Hope, it was the winter of Despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. (Dickens ----- A tale of Two Cities)7. Climax (层进)Climax involves that part in a related set or list of events, ideas, expressions, etc. , which is most powerful, interesting, and effective, and which usually comes near the end. For example,I am sorry, I am very sorry, I am so extremely sorry.He threatened to swear at people, beat people and murder people.The audience smiled, chuckled, and finally howled. (微笑,窃窃而笑,捧腹大笑)We are low—we‟re low—we are very, very low, as low as low can be.(我们低贱—我们低贱—我们非常非常低贱,低贱得不能再低贱。