篇一：大学英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法总结
4)
personification/p??s?n?f??ke???n/: (拟人）it gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). for example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) hyperbole/ha?ˋp?b?l?/: (夸张） it is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. for instance, he almost died laughing.
6) understatement: (含蓄陈述） it is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. it achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. for instance, it is no laughing matter.
7)
euphemism/ ?ju?f?m?z?m/: (委婉） it is the substitution of an agreeable or
inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. for instance, we refer to die as pass away.
8) metonymy (转喻）it is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. for instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9)
synecdoche[sinekd?ki] (提喻） it is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the 2
whole for the part. for instance, they say theres bread and work for all. she was dressed in silks.
10)
antonomasia[??nt?nouˋm?i??](换喻）it has also to do with substitution. it is not often
mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. for example, solomon for a wise man. daniel for a wise and fair judge. judas for a traitor.
11) pun: (双关语）it is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. for instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (here arms has two meanings:
a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) syllepsis [silepsis]: (一语双叙） it has two connotations.
in the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing
with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). for example, he addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (here us is used to refer to you and me.)
in the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. for example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (here to losing ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13)
zeugma[zju:gm?]: (轭式搭配） it is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. for example, the sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (here noon is not strong enough to burn) 14) irony/ ˋa?r?n?/: (反语） it is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. for instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
16) sarcasm: (讽刺） it sarcasm is a strong form of irony. it attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. for example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) paradox: (似非而是的隽语） it is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to 3
established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. for example more haste, less speed.
19) antithesis: (对照） it is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. for example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) epigram: (警句） it states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). it is
usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. for instance, few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) climax: (渐进）it is derived from the greek word for ladder and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of
a ladder ascending evenly. for example, i came, i saw, i conquered.
22) anti-climax or bathos: (突降）it is the opposite of climax. it involves stating ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty
to light or frivolous. for instance, but thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.
23) apostrophe：(顿呼） in this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. for instance, england! awake! awake! awake!
24) transferred epithet: (转类形容词） it is a figure of speech where an epithet (an
adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. for instance, i spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) alliteration: (头韵） it has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. it is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called front rhyme. for instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) onomatopoeia: (拟声） it is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement4
explanation version1
一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。（一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance。onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。如：presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes. 高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音；assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。前者与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格)相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同）非常相似。例如：
（1）peter piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration）皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。（2）with this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. (assonance) 怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。（二）词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personifi-cation, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun,
oxymoron, zeugma,
contrast 等。 a. simile，metaphor；allusion simile与汉语的明喻
（2）the project is an economic albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。) b. metonymy; transferred epithet metonymy、synecdoche和_1antonomasia都是不直接说出事物的本来名称，而换用另一个名称或另一个说法。它们大体上相当于汉语的借代（分为旁借和对代两类）。如crown（王冠）可喻指君主、王权、王国政府等；doll（玩具）可喻指姑娘、宝贝等。再如：（1）the baby was brought up on the bottle. 这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的。（metonymy──用奶瓶代奶）（2）some mute inglorious milton here may rest.某个沉默的、无名诗人也许在此长眠。（antonomasia──用米尔顿代诗人） transferred epithet是采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词。这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似。例如： the doctors face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. （用疑惑修饰限定钦佩）医生的脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑的神情。 c. personification; hyperbole personification与汉语拟人完全相同，就是赋予物以人的言语属性。这种拟人化的修辞手法读起来使人感到特别形象生动、富有情趣。例如： words pay no debts. 空话还不了债。hyperbole与汉语的夸张完全相同，都是为了表达深刻的感受,抒发强烈的感情，通过故意夸大事实来给人留下深刻的印象。例如： his words made my blood freeze. 听了他的话，我的血都快凝固了。 d. irony; euphemism；pun irony的含义比汉语的反语广泛。它包括verbal irony, dramatic irony, situational irony。后两种已超出一般修辞格的范畴，这里不作详细介绍。verbal irony与汉语反语的特点完全相同，也是正话反说，反话正说，一般需借助于特定的上下文和语境才能被正确理解。在多数情况下，irony可以译成汉语的反语。例如： she talked about great people as if she had the fee-simple of
may fair, and when 6 the court went into mourning, she always wore black. 她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人，那口气竟好象她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事，她没有一回不穿孝。 euphemism就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话，把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来。这在汉语中叫委婉语。例如：用sanitation engineer替代garbage man(清洁工) 用the disadvantaged替代the poor(穷人) 用
industrial action替代strike(罢工) pun与汉语双关一样，就是用一个词，一句话，或一个语言片段同时表达双重意思：一个是表面的，一是隐含的，并且以隐含的意思为主。恰当的运用这种手法会使语言生动有趣，达到由此及彼的效果。英语pun 和汉语的双关语都可以分为两类：谐音双关（homophonic puns）和语义双关（homographic puns）。前者是利用词意根本不同的谐音词构成。后者是利用一词多义的特点来构成。虽然pun和汉语双关在格式和修辞作用上基本相同，但是由于两种语言的语音不同，多义词也很难找到完全对应的词语。例如： what does that lawyer do after he dies?--lie still. 那个律师死后干什么？──躺着仍说鬼话。(注：lie躺，撒谎；still安静地，仍然) e. oxymoron; zeugma ; contrast oxymoron(矛盾修辞法）与汉语中的反映辞格类似，都是将相互矛盾的概念和判断巧妙地联系在一起，以便相互映衬，突出事物的特点，表达复杂的思想感情和意味深长的哲理。矛盾修辞手法在英语中常见，但在汉语中很少见。如：sweet sorrow 忧喜参半(不是甜蜜的悲伤)； proud humility 不卑不亢(不是骄傲的谦卑) zeugma（轭式搭配法）是用一个词（动词、形容词或介词）与两个以上的在意义上不相干的名词搭配。它用词简练，饶有风趣，与汉语的拈连在性质上完全一致。例如： she opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她
对这个无家可归的孩子打开了自己的大门，也打开了自己的心扉。 contrast和汉语的对照在修辞格上是完全相同的，就是把两个相反的事物或一件事物的正反两方面放在一起，在比较和衬托之中突出不同事物的矛盾性，例如： united we stand, divided we fall. 合则存，分则亡。（三）句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) 句子结构上的修辞格主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, antithesis,
apostrophe 等。它们与汉语中的反复、设问、对偶、倒装基本相同。例如： (1)i have written in bed and written out of it, written day and night. 我卧床写，起床写；白天写，晚上也写。（repetition）(2)the gods, they say, give breath , and they take it away. but the same could be said-could it not? 人都说老天爷把气赐予生灵，又把气夺走。不过这话用在小小的逗号上，何尝不是如此？(rhetorical question) (3)man proposes, god disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。(antithesis) (4)up went the balloon into the cloudless sky. 气球腾空而起，飘入万里无云的蓝天。(anastrophe)7
explanation version2
一、什么是修辞格修辞格（figures of speech）是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。（一）音韵修辞格（phonological rhetorical devices）顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance.onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。如：presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具
篇二：英语各种修辞方法总结
（1）alliteration（押头韵）：一组单词的第一个辅音相同，比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。
▲let us go forth to lead the land we love.
（2）anacoluthon （错格）：句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构，比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。
▲ as a regular reader of your papers -- why does it give so little space to science?
（3）anadiplosis （联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍，比如例句中的servants。
▲ men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.
（4）anaphora（首语重复）：将一个句子的开头单词或短语，在随后的句子中重复多遍，比如例句中的we shall fight。▲ we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we
shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.
（5）anastrophe （词序倒装）: 改变正常词序，比如例句中最后一部分，正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。▲ the helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.
（6）antistrophe（逆反复）：在每个句子的结尾，重复相同的单词或短语，比如例句中的without warning。▲ in 1931, japan invaded manchuria, without warning. in 1935, italy invaded ethiopia, without warning. in 1938, hitler occupied austria, without warning.
（7）antithesis （对偶）：两个或多个句子，结构相同，但含义相反，或者含义形成对比，比如例句中的is no vice与is no virtue。▲ extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
（8）aporia（假装疑问）：假装表示疑问，做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的样子，比如例句的最后部分。▲ then the steward said within himself, what shall i do?
（9）aposiopesis （中断）：突然中断一个句子，以表示恐惧、兴奋等感情，比如例句在i saw后面中断。▲ the first thing i saw -- but i dare not describe the dreadful sight.
（10）apostrophe （顿呼）：在叙述过程中，突然对不在场的第三人（或拟人化的抽象事物）的称呼，比如例句中的o you gods。▲ judge, o you gods, how dearly caesar loved him.
（11）archaism（拟古）：使用古体单词，或者已废弃单词，比如例句中的sate（sit的古体过去式和过去分词）。▲ pipit sate upright in her chair, some distance from where i was sitting.
（12）assonance （协音）：重复某个发音相同或相似的音节，比如例句中的thy/thy和-dom/done。
（13）asyndeton （连接词省略）：省略单词、短语或从句之间的连接词，比如例句省略了两个连接词and。▲but, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
（14）brachylogy （省略）：省略一个不太重要、读者通常可以猜出的单词或短语，比如例句省略了out后面的of。▲ he looked out the window.
认为：brachylogy 是在作者完全了解这种修辞方法的前提下才能使用的技巧。作者心里应当完全清楚自己省略了一个of，而不是在老师指出后，才发觉遗漏，再用所谓“修辞学”来为自己辩解，那样的辩解，只能是狡辩。一个人，如果连常见的语法错误还无法避免，修辞还是先等一等再学吧。退一步说，即使作者真的打算使用brachylogy，也需要一些技巧，以避免读者把它看成是“错误，”比如，只有在上下文有提示的情况下，才省略某个单词，例如下面这句话。另外，delphinus 认为，brachylogy是各种省略方法的泛称，并不是一种具体的修辞方法，因此建议我将它从45种修辞方法中排除出去。i asked as many questions as they to me.（they后面省略asked）
（杂音）：使用一组发音不和谐的单词，以便让人听着不舒服，比如例句中的一组单词。▲ we want no parlay with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will.
（16）catachresis （生硬比喻）：用不准确的单词进行不准确的比喻，比如例句中的thirsty ear。
▲i listen vainly, but with thirsty ear.
（17）chiasmus（交错配列）：两个对应部分没有按照a-b-a-b顺序排列，而是按照a-b-b-a顺序排列，比如例句中的(often) (in my thoughts) and (in my prayers) (always)。
▲ those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always.
（18）climax（渐强）：重新排列单词、短语或从句，以便让整个句子具有语气逐渐增强的效果，比如例句最后部分and not to yield是整句的高潮。▲ one equal temper of heroic hearts, made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
（19）euphemism （委婉）：用礼貌、非冒犯性的表达，代替不礼貌、冒犯性的表达，比如例句中的passed away 和went to be with the lord。▲ charles shively, 94, passed away at home and went to be with the lord on april 22, 2004, from natural causes.
（20）hendiadys （重言）：用and连接两个名词，以代替一个形容词和一个名词，比如例句中的voice and supplication，代替supplicatory voice。▲ i love the lord, because he has heard my voice and supplication.
（21）hypallage （换置）：交换两个单词的位置，交换之后的句子符合语法，但不一定符合逻辑，比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。▲ apply water to the wound. -- apply the wound to water.
（22）hyperbaton（倒装）：颠倒句子各个部分，通常是颠倒主语和谓语，比如左边的例句可以变成右边的例句。▲ he is happy. -- happy is he.
（23）hyperbole （夸张）：通过夸张达到某种修辞效果，比如例句中的an hundred years.
▲an hundred years should got to praise thine eyes and on thine forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest.
（24）hysteron proteron（逆序）：故意颠倒事件发生的自然顺序，也就是后发生的先说，先发生的后说，比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。▲ i fall, i faint, i die. -- i die, i faint, i fall.
（25）irony（反语）：字面意思与说话人实际想要表达的意思不一致，通常用来讽刺，比如例句中的an honourable man。▲ yet brutus says he was ambitious, and brutus is an honourable man.
（26）litotes（曲意）：利用否定的形式，表达肯定的意思，比如例句中的not healthy相当于dangerous。▲war is not healthy for children and other living things.
喻）：利用某些单词进行含蓄的比喻，此时这些单词已经不再是字面上的意思了，比如curtain。▲ from stettin in the baltic to trieste in the adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.
（28）metonymy（换喻）用一个单词代替另外一个在概念上有关联的单词，比如例句中的sword，用来代替war。▲ the pen is mightier than the sword.
（29）onomatopoeia（拟声）：模拟自然界的各种声音，比如例句中的ticktacking。
▲i hear the clock ticktacking, and time goes by.
（30）oxymoron（矛盾修饰）：使用两个或多个自相矛盾的单词，比如例句中的cruel和kind。
（31）paradox（佯谬）：似是而非、或者似非而是的表达，比如例句中关于youth的看法。
▲what a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.
（32）paraleipsis （假省）：故意省略某个部分之后，修辞效果反而更强，比如例句中possessions后面的省略。▲ that part of our history detailing the military achievements which gave us our several possessions ... is a theme too familiar to my listeners for me to dilate on, and i shall therefore pass it by.
（33）paraprosdokian（没有汉语译文）：一个句子的结尾令人感到吃惊，或者令人感到意外，比如例句中的the wall behind me。▲ many times when i look in the mirror, i see the wall behind me.
（34）paronomasia （双关语）：一个单词或短语，同时具有多重含义，比如例句中的grave man，即是严肃的人，又是坟墓中的死人。▲ ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.
（35）personification（拟人）：用人的特性来描述人以外的事物，比如england。
▲england expects every man to do his duty.
（36）pleonasm（冗笔）：使用多余的单词，来丰富句子的含义，比如例句中的rich and poor。
▲ no one, rich or poor, will be excepted.
（37）polysyndeton（连词叠用）：在一组单词、短语或从句中，连续使用某个连词，比如在例句中，连续使用and，给人一种一气呵成的感觉。
▲i said, who killed him? and he said, i dont know who killed him but hes dead all right, and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and i got
a skiff and went out and found my boat where i had her inside mango bay and she was all right only she was full of water.
（38）prolepsis （预期描写）：把未发生的事情当作已发生的事情来描述，比如下面的例句。▲ oh, i am a dead man!
（39）simile（明喻）：用as、like等单词对两个事物进行明确的比较，比如下面的例句。
▲ reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope.
（40）syllepsis （一笔双叙）：一个单词与另外两个单词共同使用，其中一组的用法是常见的，另外一组的用法是不常见的，比如例句中hang together是常见的，而hang separately是不常见的。
▲we must all hang together or assuredly we will all hang separately.
（41）synchysis （没有汉语译文）：有意（或者无意）将句子中各个单词的顺序打乱，使人难以理解，
▲lunch having he is, as writing one with hand, a book in the other hunched over, and notes he is taking.
（42）synecdoche （提喻）：用局部代替整体，或者用整体代替局部，比如例句中的u.s.（美国），在原文中是指u.s. boxing team（美国拳击队）。▲ the u.s. won three gold medals.
（43）synesis（没有汉语译文）：单词的搭配符合逻辑，但不符合语法，比如例句中的anyone和them。▲ if anyone calls, tell them i am out.
（44）tautology （同义反复）：用不同的单词、短语或句子重复同一个意思，比如例句中的两个短语。
▲with malice toward none, with charity for all.
（45）zeugma（轭式搭配）：用一个形容词修饰两个名词，其中一个修饰是通顺的，另外一个修饰则是勉强的，比如将左边的例句改写成右边的例句。▲ with weeping eyes and grieving hearts -- with weeping eyes and hearts
篇三：英语修辞手法总结
lesson one
1 we can batten down and ride it out.—metaphor
2. wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)
3 everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence (省略句)
4. the children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)
5. but the cars wouldn’t start; the electrical systems had been killed by water. personification(拟人)
6. the wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile
7. …it seized a 600,00 gallon gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)
8 telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile
9 several vacationers at the luxurious richelieu apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet
10. richelieu apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. 明喻
11. strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile
12. …the salvation army’s canteen trucks and red cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding.
lesson two marrakech
1 the little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (elliptical sentence省略句)
2 提喻or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?
3 押头韵they rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)
4间接请求i could eat some of that bread.
5夸张移就暗喻a carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.（transferred epithet移就 metaphor暗喻）
6移就暗喻instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of jews. (transferred epithet 移就）
7 类比in just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for
witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal.
7 提喻 still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.
8 明喻long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital ls.
9 暗喻she accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.
10 拟声词onomatopoeia as the strokes flew northward the negroes were marching southward -a long, dusty column, infantry, screw- gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. 11 明喻 their feet squashed into boots that looks like blocks of wood…simile
12 省略句not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive
13 明喻and really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scrapes of paper.
lesson three
metaphor(暗喻)
1 the conversation had swung from australian convicts of the 19th century to the english peasants of the 12th century.
2 the conversation was on wings.
3.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meander or leaps and sparkles or just glows .
——mixed metaphor
4the fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.——metaphor
【1.on the rock 为英语习语，这里引用了隐喻的修辞手法，把婚姻比喻成触礁的船只】
【2.to get out of the bed on the wrong side 也是英语习语。指平时脾气很好的人突然变得暴躁，难以相处，这里没有用到比喻】
5 they are like the musketeers of dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile，metaphor
focus.—metaphor
【the alchemy of
conversation这里将聊天时突然出现的奇迹变化比喻成炼金术】
7.the glow of the conversation burst into flames.
8.as we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education ,we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the the saxon peasant.
【into the shoes :to think as if one is a peasant】
9the elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.——simile
【将英语比喻成蒲公英的绒毛头，伊丽莎白时期的作家们把英语的影响扩散到世界各地正如蒲公英的种子随风四处飘散一样】
10.i have an unending love affair with dictionaries .——metaphor
11 even with the most educated and the most literate,the king’s english slips and slides in conversation.— alliteration, metaphor
【slips and slides 本来指在行走时滑到、摔跤，这里比喻最有学问的人在谈话中也会犯错误，使用了暗喻，同时slips and slide 词首重复s 使用了押韵】
12. when
e.m.forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.——metaphor
【e.m.forster 把这个时代我们要做的事.我们行走的路比喻成“险恶的长廊”，是对现代社会的批判】
13.paraghraph19:...the great minds…——synecdoche
14.otherwise one will bind the conversation ,one will not let it flow freely here and there .
——metaphor
lesson 4
repetition
for man holds in his motal~~~~~~~of human life
and yet the same ~~~~~~~~~~~god
para9 重复good ,free 的句子
antithesis
para6 lines2~5 united, there is litter~~~~~divided, there is litter~~~~
if a free society cannot ~~~~who are rich
para15 lines
let both sides explore~~~~~divide us
para14 lines1~2 let us begin anew~~~~proof
metaphor
para3 lines2
let the world go forth from his
para7 lines7~8
in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. para9 lines4~5
this peaceful revolution of hope~~~powers
para9 lines8~9
let every other power know~~~its own house.
para19
and if a beachhead of ~~~~~of suspicion.
para24 lines5~7 the
energy~~~~light the world.
synecdoche
papa13 lines4~5 you both racing to alter~~~~find war
regression (回环)
para14 lines3~4 let us never go negotiate of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
antithesis ﹠regression
para25 lines1~2 and so, my fellow americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. climax (层进)
para20
be finished in the first one hundred days, nor will it be finished the ~~~~in our life on this planet.
篇四：英文修辞手法总结
1.simile明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如:
1>.he was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.i wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.metaphor隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
1>.hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.metonymy借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. i.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.the kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.the room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
ii.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
iii.以作者代替作品,例如:
vi.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
i had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.synecdoche提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如:
1>.there are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.he is the newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.the fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.synaesthesia
通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的
半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.the birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.taste the music of mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）
品尝mozart的音乐.
6.personification拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1>.the night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）
2>.i was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）
7.hyperbole夸张
夸张是以言过其实
的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1>.i beg a thousand pardons.
2>.love you. you are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.when she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.parallelism排比,平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1>.no one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly
happy till all are happy.
2>.in the days when all these things are to be answered for, i summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to
answer for them. in the days when all these things are to be answered for, i summon your brother, the worst of your bad
race, to answer for them separately.
9.euphemism委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1>.he is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.his relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.deng xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）
10.allegory讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an
expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive
resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为换个方式的说法.它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1>.make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
2>.its time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
11.irony反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1>.it would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）
2>of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. the waiter said to the beggar.
12.pun双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似
的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
1>.she is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise. 2>.an ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.if we dont hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.parody仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.
警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1>.rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.a friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
14.rhetorical question修辞疑问（反问）
3>.if you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而
否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的. 例如:
1>.how was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.antithesis对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法. 例如:
1>.not that i loved caeser less but that i loved romemore.
2>.you are staying; i am going.
3>.give me liberty, or give me death.
16.paradox隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
1>.more haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2>.the child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。
17.oxymoron反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
18.climax渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1>.i am sorry, i am so sorry, i am so extremely sorry.
2>.eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.anticlimax渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>.on his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots. 2>.the duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
篇五：大学英语常见修辞手法
浅谈大学英语中常见的修辞手法摘要：对大学英语里常见的几个修辞方法作了说明。
关键词：明喻；暗语；转喻；夸张
1 明喻(simile)
明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“a像b”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though 等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如：
like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文
b)
i see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。)
2 暗喻(the metaphor)
i will do anything i can to help him through lifes dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。）(第二册第三单元课文a)
consider that the same cultural soil producing the english language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样
为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文a）
each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. a romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文a)
3 转喻(the metonymy)
转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如：
the buses in america are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。
4 夸张(the exaggeration)
把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的
功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如： most american remember mark twain as the father of huck finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and tom sawyers endless summer of
freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中，马克.吐温是位伟大作家，他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)（eternal和endless都是夸张用语，表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。）
5 拟人(the personifjcation)
所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如：
the first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)（采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.）
the cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost
bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎是光秃秃的。) （这里作者运用了拟人手法，将秋天比做人，秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力，让人有身处其境的感觉）（大学英语第三册第六课课文a）
6 反语(the irony)
反语就是说反话，用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如：
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a
浅谈大学英语中常见的修辞手法 摘要：对大学英语里常见的几个修辞方法作了说明。 关键词：明喻；暗语；转喻；夸张 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如： Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。）(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文A） Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如： The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。 “Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧，”医生说，“我会尽力做到科学能做到的，但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)（大学英语第三册第六单元课文A） 4 夸张(the exaggeration) 把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的
英语19种修辞手法解读 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 例如： 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。 2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I。以容器代替内容，例如： 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称，例如： Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III。以作者代替作品，例如： a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如： I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。 例如： 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。 5.Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉 这种修辞法是以视。听.触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如： 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
英语中常见的修辞手法
英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile －简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如： Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor －简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻
暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。）(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文A） Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如： The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧，”医生说，“我会尽力做到科学能做到的，但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)（大学英语第三册第六单元课文A） 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration －英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1．夸张,夸大 2．夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张；夸大 把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如：
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from
1.Simile明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）
大学英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如： Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。）(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文A） Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如： The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。 “Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧，”医生说，“我会尽力做到科学能做到的，但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)（大学英语第三册第六单元课文A） 4 夸张(the exaggeration) 把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如：
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
simile 1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky 2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas… 3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth. metaphor 1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath 2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been 3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 4.The conversation was on wings. 5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries 7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. 8.We can batten down and ride it out 9.Wind and rain now whipped the house. mixed metaphor 1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. metonymy – change of name – the association of two unlike things[mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代He met his W aterloo. He likes to read Hemingway. 1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes synecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻 He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1. The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines. Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton. 1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s 2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war. alliteration 1.… a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life 2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice… 3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away. 4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom. 5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. 6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden 7.To assure the survival and the success of liberty assonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis … between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比 1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich 2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. 3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. parallelism – ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form