"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
The speaker's claim is actually threefold: (1) ensuring the survival of large cities and, in turn, that of cultural traditions, is a proper function of government;
(2) government support is needed for our large dries and cultural traditions to survive and thrive; and (3) cultural traditions are preserved and generated primarily in our large cities. I strongly disagree with all three claims.
First of all, subsidizing cultural traditions is not a proper role of govemment. Admittedly, certain objectives, such as public health and safety, are so essential to the survival of large dries and of nations that government has a duty to ensure that they are met. However, these objectives should not extend tenuously to preserving cultural traditions. Moreover, government cannot possibly play an evenhanded role as cultural patron. Inadequate resources call for restrictions, priorities, and choices. It is unconscionable to relegate normative decisions as to which cities or cultural traditions are more deserving, valuable, or needy to a few legislators, whose notions about culture might be misguided or unrepresentative of those of the general populace. Also, legislators are all too likely to make choices in favor of the cultural agendas of their home towns and states, or of lobbyists with the most money and influence.
Secondly, subsidizing cultural traditions is not a necessary role of government.
A lack of private funding might justify an exception. However, culture--by which I chiefly mean the fine
arts--has always depended primarily on the patronage of private individuals and businesses, and not on the government. The Medicis, a powerful banking family of Renaissance Italy, supported artists Michelangelo and Raphael. During the 20th Century the primary source of cultural support were private foundations established by industrial magnates Carnegie, Mellon, Rockefeller and Getty. And tomorrow cultural support will come from our new technology and media moguls----including the likes of Ted Turner and Bill Gates. In short, philanthropy is alive and well today, and so government need not intervene to ensure that our cultural traditions are preserved and promoted.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the speaker unfairly suggests that large cities serve as the primary breeding ground and sanctuaries for a nation's cultural traditions. Today a nation's distinct cultural traditions--its folk art, crafts, traditional songs, customs and ceremonies--burgeon instead in small towns and rural regions. Admittedly, our cities do serve as our centers for "high art"; big cities are where we deposit, display, and boast the world's preeminent art, architecture, and music. But big-city culture has little to do any- more with one nation's distinct cultural traditions. After all, modern cities are essentially multicultural stew pots; accordingly, by assisting large cities a government is actually helping to create a global culture as well to subsidize the traditions of other nations' cultures.
In the final analysis, government cannot philosophically justify assisting large cities for the purpose of either promoting or preserving the nation's cultural traditions; nor is government assistance necessary toward these ends. Moreover, assisting large cities would have little bearing on our distinct cultural traditions, which abide elsewhere.
gre写作超经典范文鉴赏! 想要知道gre写作考试满分作文是肿么写出来的，就非常有必要参考、分析相关范文。出于这样的考虑，在接下来的文章中，天道小编将与您分享一份堪称经典的gre写作范文，相信备战新 gre写作的朋友一定会需要! 以下就是小编准备的gre写作范文啦，备战gre写作的考生们不知道你们准备好了么?提前预祝大家能够在新gre写作考试中取得佳绩! A nationshould require all its students to study the same national curriculum until theyenter college ratherthan allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses tooffer. The speaker would prefer a nationalcurriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regionsthe freedom to decide on their own curricula. I agree insofar as some common core curriculumwould serve useful purposes for any nation. At the same time, however, individual statesand communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as theysee fit; otherwise, a nation's educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long term. A national core curriculum would bebeneficial to a nation in a number of respects. First of all,by providing all children withfundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum would help ensure that our childrengrow up to become reasonably informed, productive members of society. In addition, acommon core curriculum would provide a predictable foundation upon which collegeadministrators and faculty could more easily build curricula and select course materials for freshmenthat are neither below nor above their level of educational experience. Finally, a core curriculumwould ensure that all school-children are taught core values upon which any democraticsociety depends to thrive, and even survive--values such as tolerance of others with differentviewpoints, and respect for others. However, a common curriculum that isalso an exclusive one would pose certain problems,which might outweigh the benefits,noted above. First of all, on what basis would certain course work be included or excluded,and who would be the final decision- maker? In all likelihood these decisions would be inthe hands of federal legislators and regulators, who are likely to have their own quirkynotions of what should and should not be taught to children--notions that may or may notreflect those of most communities, schools, or parents. Besides, government officials arenotoriously susceptible to influence-peddling by lobbyists who do not have the best interests ofsociety's children in mind.
GRE试题:GRE北美试题4 GRE试题:GRE北美试题4GRE试题:GRE北美试题4 1. because its average annual rainfall is only about four inches, one of the major tasks faced by the country has been to find ----sources of water. (a) discontinuous (b) natural (c) supplementary (d) pervasive (e) initial 2. both television commercials and programs present ---- view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain. (a) an unrealistic (b) an imprudent (c) a standardized (d) a perplexing (e) a banal 3. although it is unusual to denounce museum- goers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those. who are
unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize---- for athletic----. (a) artists.. ignorance (b) spectators.. inactivity (c) athletes.. snobbery (d) scholars.. apathy (e) commentators.. partiality 4. because the order in which the parts of speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom, it is---- to maintain that every departure from that order constitutes a ----of a natural law. (a) traditional.. transformation (b) conventional.. transgression (c) necessary.. prototype (d) unjustifiable.. violation (e) unreasonable.. formulation 5. most people are shameless ---- where the very rich are concerned, ---- curious about how they get their money and how they spend it. (a) prigs.. secretly (b) critics.. endlessly (c) voyeurs.. insatiably (d) exhibitionists.. blatantly
2014年12月6日北美SAT作文真题及范文 2014年12月6日北美SAT作文题目： Is it better to be passionate in something or emotionally detached? 2014年12月6日北美SAT作文解析： 题目问凡事应全情投入还是冷静客观?针对题目考生可以根据自己的例子素材选择一方观点进行论述。如果选择be emotionally detached, 可以从emotional detachment可以帮助人们在遇到压力困难不幸或者他人的批评的时候，保持清醒的头脑，做出正确的判断。同样，它也可以使人们enjoy a state of inner peace and equanimity or free people from worries, fears, and anxiety。如果选择be passionate, 考生可以讨论作为一种积极乐观的生活态度，热情可以鼓励和激励人们以更加积极的态度面对生活，迎接生活的每一次挑战，最后帮助人们排除万难，实现梦想，找到生命的意义。若从热情这个角度展开，考生可选择的例子素材相对比较广泛。无论选择哪方观点只要言之有理论之有据即可。 2014年12月6日北美SAT作文范文： Oprah Winfrey once said, “Passion is energy. Feel the power that comes from focusing on what excites you.” This profound saying emphasizes the importance of passion in life. Passion acts like “rocket fuel” that keeps us going, and fills our life with meaning and happiness. It also accelerates us to go through any difficulties, and drives us to accomplish anything we set our mind to. To experience a meaningful and successful life, being passionate in something is of much more significance. By being passionate and establishing goals towards that end, people will be able to discover the true happiness. Florence Nightingale, the Mother of Modern Nursing, experienced her life and work to the fullest extent by discovering her passion for nursing and allowing it to lead her to do great work. Born in a rich and upper-class family, Nightingale always suffered from depression and the feeling of unworthiness as the upper class, and attempted to discern the purpose of life at a young age. Defying her parents’ desire that she married into a socially prominent family, Nightingale wished for meaningful work and began to imagine herself caring for others. It was by the age of 25 that Nightingale found her true passion in nursing as the
GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ISSUE习作范文（10） IC： ISSUE36 - "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries." WORDS： 430(644) TIME： 0：43：00 DATE： 2007-8-10 People usually try to decide the greatness of individuals, who lived before them and in the same time with them. When it comes to the decision of the greatness of individuals, there are always a host of different opinions held by different people in different fields. Should the greatness of individuals be decided by those who live after them or by their contemporaries? Admittedly, mostly their contemporaries may not be able to decide it for some social influence. However, even those who live after them may also make mistakes when deciding their greatness. To begin with, people live in the same time period with individuals whose greatness they want to decide, usually have a biased attitude toward those individuals, not only because of the media, but also due to those people's ability to understand them. Common people always tend to be influenced by others' points of view as well as some social phenomenon. And many great individuals in history had such high competence and genuine capability that they surpassed the society of their time. UFor example, Monet, one of the greatest novelists in history, wrote a large number of novels during his life, but
Argument 12 12、Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential employers, looking at this dramatic rise in grades, believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect student achievement; as a result, Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should terminate student evaluation of professors. In this memo Omega University's dean points out that Omega graduates are less successful in getting jobs than Alpha University graduates, despite the fact that during the past 15 years the overall grade average of Omega students has risen by 30%. The dean also points out that during the past 15 years Omega has encouraged its students, by way of a particular procedure, to evaluate the effectiveness of their professors. The dean reasons that this procedure explains the grade-average increase, which in turn has created a perception among employers that Omega graduates are less qualified for jobs. On the basis of this line of reasoning the dean concludes that to enable Omega graduates to find better jobs Omega must terminate its professor-evaluation procedure. This argument contains several logical flaws, which render it unconvincing. A threshold problem with the argument involves the voluntary nature of the evaluation procedure. The dean provides no evidence about the or percentage of Omega students who participate in the procedure. Lacking such evidence it is entirely possible that those numbers are insignificant, in which case terminating the procedure is unlikely to have any effect on the grade average of Omega students or their success in getting jobs after graduation. The argument also assumes unfairly that the grade-average increase is the result of the evaluation procedure--rather than some other phenomenon. The dean ignores a host of other possible explanations for the increase--such as a trend at Omega toward higher or higher quality instruction or facilities. Without ruling out all other possible explanations for the grade-average increase, the dean cannot convince me that by terminating the evaluation procedure Omega would curb its perceived grade inflation let alone help its graduates get jobs. Even if the evaluation procedure has resulted in grade inflation at Omega, the dean's claim that grade inflation explains why Omega graduates are less successful than Alpha graduates in getting jobs is unjustified. The dean overlooks a myriad of other possible reasons for Omega's comparatively poor job-placement record. Perhaps Omega's career services are inadequate; or perhaps Omega's curriculum does not prepare students for the job market as effectively as Alpha's. In short, without accounting for other factors that might contribute to Omega graduates' comparative lack of success in getting jobs, the dean cannot justify the claim that if Omega curbs its grade inflation employers will be more likely to hire Omega graduates. 这段话的内容太重复了这个描述不够清晰 直接说有调查错误 就好了 the survey cited by the author is not reliable. 这篇文章的数据有很多问题，比如30%和average 这个因果关系的 梳理很好这两个原因列举 的很好 划线部分是 让步攻击部分， 即使上面这个逻辑 错误不存在，那么 后面这个也有问题
北美营养品评鉴指南 北美（美国和加拿大）市场上保健品牌多达上千种。从1998年开始，加拿大的相关机构对这些保健品进行了比较研究，以后每隔两三年
就会更新评比一次，迄今为止共进行了4次，所有结果都会集结出版于专著《Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements》中，其中第3版（2003年）有中文版《营养补品的比较指导》。最新的第4次结果于2007年出版，在亚马逊网上书店可以买到。中文版在中国有繁体和简体两种翻版。 缘起：评比缘起于1998年，加拿大卫生部长要求为加拿大政府管理保健品提供一个参考框架，确保普通民众能够享受安全、有效和高品质的营养补充品。 研究时间跨度：1999年公布第一次结果，2001年公布第二次结果，2003年公布第三次结果，2007年公布第四次结果。 研究范围：北美（美国和加拿大）市场上的保健品，在2003年进行第三次评比时，比较了1000多个保健品牌，而2007年比较了1500多种品牌。 研究执行人：Lyle Mac William ，生物化学家，曾任加拿大国会议员，现任加拿大多个政府部门和多家公司的科学顾问。 专家团队：美国和加拿大7位著名的医学和营养学家，他们都是本领域的权威人士，出版过一部或多部对每日营养摄取量作出特殊推荐的著作。其中有些人在中国知名度很高。例如，《维生素圣典》的作者Earl Mindell （艾尔·敏德尔）医学博士，《别人不懂营养学的医生害了你》的作者Ray Strand （雷·D·斯全德）医学博士。在2007年第4次比较中，专家团队增加到13位。
以下辑录的是第三次和第四次比较研究的结果： 第三次比较研究（2003年正式出版） 理论研究：各种衰老和退化性疾病成因探讨，着重于氧化压力和自由基的负面作用； 建立先进营养补品的品质标准：引用正式发表的数百份营养补品作用的最新研究成果，分门别类专章探讨出理想的营养补充品的14条品质标准（中文正版P30-69页）； 比较程序： 1. 专家们各自提出每日营养摄取量，然后综合算出一个平均数作为比较标准。确认39种营养素纳入比较标准，其中17种营养素和类似物质，14种矿物质，其他营养素8种。 2. 根据综合比较标准检验市面上各种保健品牌有代表性的产品的营养素含量，进行数据和图解比较。 3. 根据上述14条品质标准，对每一种产品进行定量评价，如果达到这些标准的100%就是最理想的营养品质。不同的分数说明与理想品质的接近程度。并按一到五颗星分级标示。 比较结果： 3 / 3
36 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. I agree with the speaker's broad assertion that money spent on research is generally money well invested. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace research whose results are "controversial," while ignoring certain compelling reasons why some types of research might be unjustifiable. My points of contention with the speaker involves the fundamental objectives and nature of research, as discussed below. I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all, research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems. Research is also the chief means by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us. Yet, in the very notion of research also lies my first point of contention with the speaker, who illogically presumes that we can know the results of research before we invest in it. To the contrary, if research is to be of any value it must explore uncharted and unpredictable territory. In fact, query whether research whose benefits are immediate and predictable can break any new ground, or whether it can be considered "research" at all. While we must invest in research irrespective of whether the results might be controversial, at the same time we should be circumspect about research whose objectives are too vague and whose potential benefits are too speculative. After all, expensive research always carries significant opportunity costs--in terms of how the money might be spent toward addressing society's more immediate problems that do not require research. One apt illustration of this point involves the so-called "Star Wars" defense initiative, championed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s. In retrospect, this initiative was ill-conceived and largely a waste of taxpayer dollars; and few would dispute that the exorbitant amount of money devoted to the initiative could have gone a long way toward addressing pressing social problems of the day--by establishing after-school programs for delinquent latchkey kids, by enhancing AIDS awareness and education, and so forth. As it turns out, at the end of the Star Wars debacle we were left with rampant gang violence, an AIDS epidemic, and an unprecedented federal budget deficit. The speaker's assertion is troubling in two other aspects as well. First, no amount of research can completely solve the enduring problem of war, poverty, and violence, for the reason that they stem from certain aspects of human nature--such as aggression and greed. Although human genome research might eventually enable us to engineer away those undesirable aspects of our nature, in the meantime it is up to our economists, diplomats, social reformers, and jurists--not our research laboratories--to mitigate these problems. Secondly, for every new research breakthrough that helps reduce human suffering is another that serves primarily to add to that suffering. For example, while some might argue that physics researchers who harnessed the power of the atom have provided us with an alternative source of energy and invaluable "peace-keepers," this argument flies in the face of the hundreds of thousands of innocent people murdered and maimed by atomic blasts, and by nuclear meltdowns. And, in fulfilling the promise of "better living through chemistry" research has given us chemical weapons for human slaughter. In short, so-called "advances" that scientific research has brought about often amount to net losses for humanity. In sum, the speaker's assertion that we should invest in research whose results are 整体评价： 1. 文章整理的论述比较通畅 2. 但是这篇文章的结构存在一些瑕疵，如开头段过长，涵盖了过多的细节，容易和后面的内容雷同 money well invested 用的 很好，很地道这里的论述有些过于细 致，可以放到让步段去详细解释 ing 用词很地道 这段话的精髓就是后面 例子的列举，有效地 证明了盲目投入的 恶果这段话是想说明不要不急后果的投入，中心句可以说的更直白 一点 Ignoring reasonable speculation of research will impede social progress, even bringing more social issues. 这个as well 用的不好，前后内容不是并列的 这段内容说的有些笼统 虽然两个点都有所 涉及，但是没有说 明白第一，这个可以说实验 的结论不完全取决于实验本身 第二，这个可以说下定义，解释说明实验的影 响对不同的人群有不同的影响not 这里少了一个重要的否定词 大家要注意，我们对题目内容的改写一定要准确
satxx年10月范文xx年北美10月1日SAT答案 经常会有学生深恶痛绝的说SAT阅读太难了太变态，然后就是满眼渴望的问到底 ___考到高分。要取得SAT阅读考试上的高分，首先是词汇背诵!没有词汇是一定不能的，但是有了词汇也一定不是万能的!因为很多同学并没有真正了解SAT阅读考试。它作为一个美国本土学生的升大学的考试，正如我们的高考语文，考的当然不仅仅是文字，更多应该是文字背后的语言文化。这就是文化背景知识的重要性。q98,567,3131益博，留学生的选择，出的快，而且很准。 在SAT阅读中，从常考的话题女权话题到黑人运动等等无一不是考查大家对美国文化的理解。比如对于女权运动的话题， feminist这个词汇可能会让学生们马上想到的是一个无比强悍的女人和一个言听计从的男人。好像这个女权主义者在近期的中国基本是女强人的代名词了。但是在SAT阅读中，它指的是 a person who supports the belief that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men .女权主义者并没有传说中的那么强悍，而是一群在积极地适度的追求着自己的权利的人。在女权话题中反复考到的就是女权运动的五个阶段的特征，如果对于这个话题有了一定的了解，再去做相关话题问题，就会容易多了。
培臻国际解答：建议还是自己认认真真的去考，现在考试抓作弊很严，被发现的话处罚也很严重。对以后的申请很不利的追问 益博小伙伴的选择，分都很高q98,567,3131,. 依稀记得是关于creativity的 可以很general地提及creativity在各行各业的重要性(runway 什么的，lame- -b) 然后ms parapragh里有polictics，可以说creativity还是很重要的（08年的时候Obama用social work sites来rally support？） 但是也有栽在creativity上的，比如倒勒个霉的Gorbashev的reforms？ 所以creativity很重要，但是要基于现实脚踏实地同时adhere to harm principle什么的。。。 大概这样？
智 课 网 G R E 备 考 资 料
北美满分GRE作文范文精选 复习GRE作文，一定要看美国满分GRE作文范文，为了就是掌握最正宗的英语表述方法，习惯美国人的逻辑思维。研究这些范文，也同时提醒自己，不能出现任何奇怪的表达。想要将GRE作文写好，就要从根本出发，从彻底的思维逻辑方面追却与英文“原产地”的一致性。 The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper: "Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money." Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion. GRE首段 This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Howeveer, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the