谷城三中高一英语必修（一）Unit 4基础训练
一、单词拼写
1. After ________(电) was cut off, the lights went out.
2．The audience ________(爆发) into cheers.
3．We were ________(震惊) at the bad news.
4．The flood ________(毁坏) a lot of houses and many people became homeless. 5．The people ________(受伤) in the accident were sent to hospital without delay. 6．Fires, floods and earthquakes are __________(灾难)．
7．Many men were________(埋葬)underground when the accident at the mine happened. 8．Trees along the road provide ________(掩蔽处) from the sun for the farmers. 9．The ________(受惊的) girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene.
10．The bridge was badly ________(损坏) by the flood.
11．The boiling kettle(水壶) was giving off ________(蒸汽)．
12．The workers are ________(挖) a well in the desert.
13．The park is beautiful，________(尤其是) in spring.
14．His views have been ________ (表达) in numerous speeches.
15．I can't ________ (判断) whether he is right or wrong.
16．Give Marie my ________ (祝贺) and tell her I'll come soon.
17．I ________ (真诚地) hope I'll see her again.
18．You should draw up a plan or ________ (大纲) for the essay.
二、选词填空(who, whom, whose, that, which)
1．The house ________ we live in is very small.
2．This is the best TV play ________ I've ever watched.
3．The only thing ________ I can remember is the big fire.
4．Is there anything ________ you want to buy?
5．He asked about the factories and workers ________ we had just visited.
6．The girl ________ hair is golden is from England.
7．Our school is not the one ________ it used to be.
8．My grandparents live in a house ________ was built 20 years ago.
9．I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
10．Yesterday, Emily was wearing the new dress ________ I gave to her.
11．This is the scientist ________ name is known all over the country.
12．Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago? 13．Some countries ________ names I had never heard of before were shown on the map. 14．Anyone ________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason. 15．On the train I saw a girl ________ you worked with.
16．The pen ________ he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
三、单句语法填空
1．People were ________ (shock) by the eruption of the volcano, for it was even greater than they had expected.
2．He was dead and ________ (bury) at the top of the hill.
3．The child was ________ (frighten) by the ghost story.
4．An old Roman vase was ________ (dig) up here last month.
5．It made the headlines in the ________ (nation) newspapers.
6．________ (judge) by what everyone says about him, he has a good chance of winning. 7．Luckily, the traffic accident didn't do much damage ________ either of the cars.
8．— Can you introduce yourself to others in English?
— Sorry. I can't express ________ (me) in English. Chinese, OK?
9．He is ________ of his daughter, which makes his daughter become too ________ of herself and finally this ________ ruined her. (proud)
10．He ________ his thanks to us, with a thankful ________ on his face. (express)
11．Ten more deaths had been dug ________ by the time the chairman arrived.
12．A great number of tents were built ________ the survivors.
13．All of a sudden, the huge building lay ________ ruins.
14．He thought little of his daughter's illness and fell fast asleep ________ usual.
15．You must come to the ceremony ________ that special day.
课文缩写语法填空（一）
At about 3：00 a．m. on July 28, 1976, people in Tangshan, Hebei Province, woke up and saw bright lights in the sky. They didn't pay much attention and went back to bed as __1__ that night.
At 3：42 a．m. everything began to shake. Eleven kilometers __2__(direct) below the city the __3__(great) earthquake of the 20th century began. It was heard in Beijing, __4__ is more than two hundred kilometers away. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay __5__ ruins. Two-thirds of the people died or were __6__(injure) during the earthquake.
The survivors couldn't believe it was natural. Nearly everything __7__ (destroy). Most of the buildings were gone and many farm animals died. Then later that afternoon, __8__ big quake shook Tangshan. Some rescue workers and doctors __9__(trap) under the ruins.
Not all hope was lost. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Slowly, the city began __10__(breathe) again.
课文缩写语法填空（二）
Mr. Brown was tired of living in the big city __1__ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day.He __2__ (look)for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale __3__ a reasonable price，and the house was within a stone's throw of a railway station from which there were frequent __4__ (train)to the big city.
“That's exactly __5__ I need，”Mr.Brown said to himse lf.So he called the house agency and arranged to go by train the next day __6__ (have)a look at the house.
The house agency met him at the station and they started walking. It __7__ (take) them at least 15 minutes to get to the house.When they finally arrived，Mr. Brown said __8__ (angry)，“I should be very __9__ (interest) to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in __10__ newspaper.”
课文缩写语法填空（三）
Something strange were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. The water in the wells rose and fell. A __1__ (smell) gas came out of the cracks. The chickens and even the pigs were __2__ nervous to eat. __3__ (mouse) ran out of the fields, __4__ (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3：00 a．m. on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. At 3：42 a.m., one of the __5__ (great) earthquake of the 20th century began. Steam __6__ (burst) from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Bricks covered the ground like autumn __7__ (leaf). Two dams and most of the bridges fell. The railway tracks were now __8__ (use) pieces of steel. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay __9__ ruins. It looked as if the world was __10__ an end.
课文缩写语法填空（四）
Strange things happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells __1__ (rise) and fell. The well walls had cracks and a __2__ (smell) gas came out of the cracks. Mice, chickens, pigs and even fish became too nervous __3__ (eat) as usual. At 3∶42 am, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at __4__ end. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack cut __5__ the city. The city lay in __6__(ruin). Two-thirds of the people died __7__ were injured. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan, __8__ trapped many rescue workers and doctors. People began to wonder how long the disaster __9__(last). But all hope was not lost. Soldiers came to help those __10__(survive). Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
课文缩写语法填空（五）
A Horrible Earthquake
Dirty water rose in wells and canals 1 the earthquake. But no one judged that an earthquake 2 (come). Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tracks became useless bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out smelly steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.
3 next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters
4 (give) an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked
5 the damage and the victim’s extreme
6 (suffer). People were moved
7 they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!” So they not only expressed
8 sympathy sincerely, but also organized together
9 (help) the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The frightened survivors were dug out from under the ruins and 10 (offer) shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimized.
课文缩写语法填空（六）
The thin outer layer of the earth is called the crust (地壳)，1.________is made up of cold fragile rock compared to the hot rock deep inside it.The crust is full of cracks called faults (断层)．These faults can be hundreds of miles long but they 2._______(bury) deep under the ground and pushed tightly together,3.______they cannot be seen.The forces that push these faults together also move them.When the parts of the crust on either side of a fault get pushed 4.________different directions，some rock may break apart and cause vibrations (振动)．These vibrations travel outwards and earthquakes take place.Earthquakes are very 5.________(frighten)．Their vibrations can cause buildings 6.________(fall) down and leave entire cities in ruins.The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 killed hundreds of thousands of people，and the 7.________(suffer) of those who survived was extreme.When an earthquake occurs beneath the sea，8.________can cause a series of waves called a tsunami，which can cause enormous damage to coastal areas.The 2004 tsunami hit the coasts of Indonesia，Sri Lanka and Thailand，9.________(kill) over two hundred thousand people.That’s really 10.________disaster.
根据汉语提示，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇：
1．2014年7月14日，云南鲁甸发生了强烈地震，全国震惊。
2．瞬间整个城镇变成一片废墟；大量楼房倒塌；道路被掩埋；水、电被切断；数千人被困在废墟下。
3．放眼望去，几乎一切都被毁了。
4．地震后，全国人民立刻行动起来帮助当地人渡过难关。
5．我真心地希望鲁甸在全国人民的帮助下尽快恢复正常。
谷城三中高一英语必修（一）Unit 4基础训练
一、单词拼写答案
1.electricity
2.burst
3.shocked
4.destroyed
5.injured
6.disasters
7.buried 8.shelter 9.frightened 10.damaged 11.steam 12.digging
13.especially 14.expressed 15.judge 16.congratulations 17.sincerely 18.outline
二、选词填空(who, whom, whose, that, which)答案
1.which/that
2.that
3.that
4.that
5.that
6.whose
7.that
8.that/which 9.who/that 10.that/which 11.whose 12.that/which
13.whose 14.who/that 15.whom/who 16.which/that
三、单句语法填空答案
1.shocked
2.buried
3.frightened
4.dug
5.national
6.Judging
7.to
8.myself
9.proud; proud; pride 10.expressed; expression 11.out 12.for 13.in 14.as 15.on
课文缩写语法填空（一）答案
https://www.doczj.com/doc/509690728.html,ual
2.directly
3.greatest
4.which
5.in
6.injured
7.was destroyed
8.another 9．were trapped10.to breathe
课文缩写语法填空（二）答案
1．where2．was looking3．at4．trains5．what
6．to have7．took8．angrily9．interested10．the
课文缩写语法填空（三）答案
1．smelly 2.too 3.Mice 4.looking 5.greatest 6．https://www.doczj.com/doc/509690728.html,eless9.in10.at
课文缩写语法填空（四）答案
1. rose
2. smelly
3. to eat
4. an
5. across
6. ruins
7. or
8. which
9. would last10. survivors/surviving
课文缩写语法填空（五）答案
1. before
2. was coming
3. The
4. giving
5. by
6. suffering
7. when
8. their
9. to help 10. were offered 课文缩写语法填空（六）答案
1.which
2.are buried
3.so
4.in
5.frightening
6.to fall
7.suffering
8.it
9.killing10.a
根据汉语提示，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇参考答案
On July 14th,2014 a powerful earthquake struck Ludian in Yunnan Province.The whole nation was shocked at the news.
In a few seconds，the whole town lay in ruins.A great number of buildings fell. Roads were buried by stones and bricks.Water and electricity were cut off.Thousands of people were trapped under the ruins！In a word，everywhere I looked，nearly everything was destroyed.
But fortunately，after the earthquake，all the people took action right away and did their best to help them out of the disaster.
I sincerely hope Ludian will return to normal with the aid of all the people as soon as possible!
人教版必修一unit4语法:定语从句强化训练题一.课文原句感知 1．But the one million people of the city，______thought little of these events，were asleep as usual thatnight. 2．It was felt in Beijing，______is more than two hundred kilometers away. 3．The number of people _____were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.4．Then，laterthatafternoon， anotherbigquake______wasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan. 5．The army organized teams to dig out those______were trapped and to bury the dead. 6．Workers built shelters for survivors_________homes had been destroyed. 二．用适当的关系代词填空 （1） 1．The building________wall is white is my uncle's house. 2．I know the boy________you are looking for. 3．Will you please lend me the very book________you bought yesterday? 4．The student________the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor. 5．The season________comes after spring is summer. 6．This is the museum________we visited last Saturday. 7．Is this the museum________you visited last Saturday? 8．I found some photos of interesting places________were not far away from our city. 9．The boy with________John spoke is my brother.
人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习 1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然·····起来burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be injured 受伤 4.cut across穿过横穿 5.as usual像往常一样 6.give out散发出精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替 8.give a speech演讲9.put up shelters搭建避难 10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事11.be proud of 以·····而自豪 12.the number of ·····的数量13.in the open air 在户外 14.right away立刻15.in ruins破败不堪成废墟 16.dig out掘出17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 许多大量的19.too····· to·····太·····而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中 22.all ····· not····· = not all·····并非所有·····都 23.to the north of =north of 在·····的北面24.be rescued from 被从·····解救出 25.be buried 被埋葬被埋藏26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于 27.think little of 评价不高think highly of 赞许给予较高评价 28.as if 仿佛29. be/ get shocked 震惊30.at an end 终结 1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。 burst爆裂,突发 用法归纳： I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展： (1) burst in on…突然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。 (2) burst into +n.突然… The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。 (3) burst out + doing突然… The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。 2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害 易混辨析： injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害
Unit 1-4易错单选题期中复习基础练习 ( )1. Mr Lin is one of_______ in our school. A. good teachers B. better teachers C. the best teachers D. the best teacher ( )2. Our hometown is famous_______ tea and rice. A. with B. by C. for D. as ( )3. You'd better try_______ again. A. don't be late B. not to be late C. aren't late D. to not be late ( )4. I think this song is popular _______young people. A. to B. for C. from D. with ( )5. Sorry. Would you please_______ it in English again? A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell ( )6. How did you make him _______? A. stop talking B. to stop talking C. stop to talk D. stopped to talk ( )7. I'm too hungry. How nice the food_______! A. feels B. sounds C. looks D. smells ( )8. Tony is a_______ boy. He always gives his picket money to the children in need. A. funny B. patient C. generous D. hard-working ( )9. Both beef and pork _______ my favourite. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( )10.There is a big cake. ____________ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we ( )11.What’s your best friend like? ___________ A He’s fine, thank y ou B. He likes watching TV C. He’s a teacher D. He’s helpful and generous ( )12. —Which of the two T-shirt will you take? —I’ll take _________. One is for my brother and the other is for myself. A either B. both C. all D. every ( )13. The English story is very easy for me. There are ________ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. many D. few ( )14. They do eye exercises twice a day, so ________ of them ________ glasses. A. a few; put on B. a few; wear C. few; put on D. few; wear ( )15. Things are ________ on the moon ________ on Earth. A. much lighter; than B. much heavier; than C. as heavy; as D. not so light; as ( )16. I have ________ money than you, but I have ________ friends than you. A. more; more B. less; more C. fewer; more D. more; less
整篇文章按照时间顺序描写了1976年发生在唐山的大地震，全文可以分成三个部分：第一部分为第一段，主要描述地震前夕，唐山地区发生的一系列反常的现象，这些都是地震前的预兆，可惜在当时并没有引起人们的注意和警觉；第二部分为第二、三段，主要讲20世纪最大的一场地震就在唐山市发生了，短短15秒钟的地震就几乎将整个城市夷为平地，伤亡人数达到40多万，幸存者感到悲哀的同时又产生了惊恐和不安；第三部分为第四段，主要讲地震后，解放军的救援和全国各地的支援使得被地震摧毁的城市又开始得以复苏。理清文章的结构后，请回答以下问题： ①How do you understand the title “A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”? Could you explain it in your own words? ②What were the signs of a coming disaster? ③What happened to the city when the earthquake struck? ④How were the survivors helped? (1) For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 三天来，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。 rise (vi.)______/_______pt/pp ________________________ Flood waters are still rising. ★raise (vt.) ________/________pt/pp ___________________________
第四章细胞的物质输入和输出 第一节物质跨膜运输的实例 一、渗透作用 （1）渗透作用：指水分子（或其他溶剂分子）通过半透膜的扩散。 （2）发生渗透作用的条件： 一是具有半透膜，二是半透膜两侧具有浓度差。 二、细胞的吸水和失水（原理：渗透作用） 1、动物细胞的吸水和失水 外界溶液浓度<细胞质浓度时,细胞吸水膨胀 外界溶液浓度>细胞质浓度时,细胞失水皱缩 外界溶液浓度=细胞质浓度时,水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 2、植物细胞的吸水和失水 细胞内的液体环境主要指的是液泡里面的细胞液。 原生质层：细胞膜和液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质 外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离 外界溶液浓度<细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离复原 外界溶液浓度=细胞液浓度时就，水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 3、质壁分离产生的条件： （1）具有大液泡（2）具有细胞壁(3) 活细胞 4、质壁分离产生的原因： 内因：原生质层伸缩性大于细胞壁伸缩性 外因：外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度 5、植物吸水方式有两种： （1）吸胀作用（未形成液泡）如：干种子、根尖分生区（了解） （2）渗透作用(形成液泡的) 二、比较几组概念 扩散：物质从高浓度到低浓度的运动叫做扩散（扩散与过膜与否无关）（如：O2从浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方运动） 渗透：水分子或其他溶剂分子通过半透膜的扩散又称为渗透 （如：细胞的吸水和失水，原生质层相当于半透膜）
半透膜：物质的透过与否取决于半透膜孔隙直径的大小 （如：动物膀胱、玻璃纸、肠衣、鸡蛋的卵壳膜等） 选择透过性膜：细胞膜上具有载体，且不同生物的细胞膜上载体种类和数量不 同，构成了对不同物质吸收与否和吸收多少的选择性。 （如：细胞膜等各种生物膜） 第二节生物膜的流动镶嵌模型 一、探索历程（略，见P65-67）、细胞融合实验 二、流动镶嵌模型的基本内容 ▲磷脂双分子层构成了膜的基本支架 ▲蛋白质分子有的镶嵌在磷脂双分子层表面，有的部分或全部嵌入磷脂双分子层中，有的横跨整个磷脂双分子层 ▲磷脂双分子层和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动 三、糖蛋白（糖被）组成：由细胞膜上的蛋白质与糖类结合形成。 作用：细胞识别、免疫反应、血型鉴定、保护润滑等。 第三节物质跨膜运输的方式 一、被动运输：物质进出细胞，顺浓度梯度的扩散，称为被动运输。 (1)自由扩散：物质通过简单的扩散作用进出细胞 (2)协助扩散：进出细胞的物质借助载体蛋白的扩散 二、主动运输：从低浓度一侧运输到高浓度一侧，需要载体蛋白的协助，同时还需要消耗细胞内化学反应所释放的能量，这种方式叫做主动运输。 四、大分子物质进出细胞的方式：胞吞、胞吐。（如分泌蛋白的形成） 利用原理：膜的流动性 两种方式都需要能量，但不需要跨膜，通过囊泡的形式运输。 五、影响几种跨膜运输方式的条件 1、自由扩散：内外浓度差 2、协助扩散：内外浓度差、载体数量 3、主动运势：载体数量、A TP量
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.（讲义）Words and Expressions rule /ru?l/ n. 规则；规章 arrive /?'ra?v/ v.到达 (be) on time 准时 hallway /'h??lwe?/ n. 走廊；过道 hall /h??l/ n. 大厅；礼堂 dining /'da?n??/ hall 餐厅 listen /'l?sn/ v. 听；倾听 listen to…听…… fight /fa?t/ v. & n. 打架；战斗 sorry /'s?ri/ adj. 抱歉的；难过的；惋惜的outside /,a ?t'sa?d/ adv. 在外面adj. 外面的 wear /we? / v. 穿；戴 important /?m'p??(r)tnt/ adj. 重要的 bring /br??/ v. 带来；取来 uniform /'ju?n?f??(r)m/ n. 校服；制服quiet /'kwa ??t/ adj. 安静的 out /a?t/ adv. 外出 go out 外出(娱乐) practice /'pr?kt?s/ v. & n. 练习 dish /d??/ n. 碟；盘 do the dishes 清洗餐具 before /b?'f??(r)/ prep. & conj. 在……以前adv. 以前 make (one’s) bed 铺床 dirty /'d??(r)ti/ adj. 脏的 kitchen /'k?t??n/ n. 厨房
more /m??(r)/ adj. & pron. 更多(的) noisy /'n??zi/ adj. 吵闹的 relax /r?'l?ks/v. 放松；休息 read /ri?d/ v. 读；阅读 terrible /'ter?bl/ adj. 非常讨厌的；可怕的 feel /fi?l/ v. 感受；觉得 strict /str?kt/ adj. 严格的；严厉的 be strict (with sb) (对某人)要求严格 remember /r ?'memb?(r)/ v. 记住；记起 follow /'f?l ??/ v. 遵循；跟随 follow the rules 遵守规则 luck /l?k/ n. 幸运；运气 keep /ki?p/ v. 保持；保留 hair /he?/ /her/ n. 头发；毛发 learn /l??(r)n/ v. 学习；学会 Clark /klɑ?(r)k/ 克拉克(姓；男名) Amy /'e?mi/ 埃米(女名) Molly /'m?li/ 莫莉(女名) New York /,nju?'j??(r)k/ 纽约 Role-play John: Hi, my name’s John. It’s my first day at school. Alice: Hi, John. I’m Alice. This is a great school, but there are a lot of rules. John: Really? What are some of the rules? Alice: Well, don’t be late for class. This is very important. John: OK, so we must be on time. Can we bring music players to school? Alice: No, we can’t. And we al ways have to wear the school uniform. John: I see. Alice: Oh, and we also have to be quiet in the library.
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages
与碱溶液反应Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O 2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O 与盐溶液反应Cl2 + Na2SO3 + H2O = 2HCl + Na2SO4Cl2 + 2KI = I2 + 2KCl 实验室制取原理MnO2 + 4HCl(浓) △MnCl2 + Cl2↑+2H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2↑+ 8H2O NaCl O + 2HCl = NaCl + Cl2↑+ H2O ( 离子方程式: Cl O-+ 2H+ + Cl- = Cl2↑+ H2O ) 2.新制氯水成分分子:H２ＯＨClO Cl2 离子:H+Ｃｌ-CｌO-OＨ- 久置氯水成分分子：H2O离子：H+Cl-OH- ３.实验室如何制取纯净的氯气制取原理：MnO2 + 4HCｌ(浓) △MnCl２+ Cｌ2↑+2Ｈ2O 气体成分：Cｌ２（ＨCｌ、H2O）操作顺序仪器中盛装的药品各试剂的作用应出现的现象 ①先通入饱和食盐水除去HC l有晶体析出（NaCl） ②再通入浓H2SO4除去H2O 4.漂白粉 ①制法:2Cl２+ 2Cａ(ＯH)2= CaCl２＋Ca(ＣlO)2+2H2O ②有效成分:Cａ(CｌO)2 成分:ＣaCｌ２和Ｃａ（ClＯ)2 ③漂白原理：Ca(ClO)2 +CO2 +H2O = CaＣO３↓+ 2HClＯ（在溶液中) 漂白慢Ca(CｌO)2 + 2HCｌ＝CａCl2 + 2ＨＣlO漂白快 ④久置失效发生的反应：Ca（CｌO)2＋CO2 + H２O ＝ＣaCO3＋2HClO２HClO 错误!2ＨCｌ+O2↑ 5．Br2、Ｉ2在不同溶剂中的颜色 水苯或汽油四氯化碳 Br2黄～橙橙～橙红橙～橙红 I2深黄～褐淡紫～紫红紫～深紫 6.置换反应Ｃl2 ＋2NａBr = Br2+ 2NaCl Br2 ＋２KＩ＝I2+2ＫBr∴氧化性Cｌ2>Br2 ＞I2 7．I２遇淀粉溶液后，溶液呈蓝色 I－错误!I２ 三.氮 1.氮的氧化物 NO: 无色气体、有毒(同CＯ）、难溶与水2NO＋O2 = 2NＯ2 NＯ2:红棕色气体、有毒、与水反应3NＯ2 +2H2Ｏ= 2ＨＮO3 +NO 2．有关NO与Ｏ２或NＯ2与O２混合通入水中,液面上升一定高度时用的方程式 ４NＯ2 + O２＋2H2O= ４HＮＯ３4NO＋3Ｏ2 +２Ｈ2O = 4HNO3 3.硝酸 物理性质无色液体、有刺激性气味、能以任意比溶于水 化学性质 酸的通性 强 氧 化 性 与金属氧化物3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO↑+ 5H2O 与金属 3Cu + 8HNO3(稀) = 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO↑+ 4H2O Cu + 4HNO3(浓) = Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2↑+ 2H2O 与非金属 C + 4HNO3(浓) △CO2↑+ 4NO2↑+ 2H2O 不稳定性4HNO3 光照 或加热 4NO2↑+ O2↑+ H2O ４.氨( ＮH3） 物理性质无色气体、有刺激性气味、密度小于空气、1:700溶于水 化学与H2O NH3 + H2O NH3·H2O NH4++ OH-与酸NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
Unit 1 1. Although most dreams apparently happen__, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. homogeneously D. instantaneously 2. She let out a terrified __ when she heard the news of the tragedy happened on September 11 in USA, A. cheer B. yell C. sigh D. curse 3. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so __that they can disappear at any moment. A. trivial B. fatal C. tentative D. feeble 4. She __ the person who was in her way A, swore at B. promised C. swore in D. sworn at 5. Mary made steady __ in English after she put her heart into it. A. advance B. improvement C. progress D. program 6. He is the __ husband for her. A. idea B. ideal C. idle D. idiot 7. We naturally __ the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution. A. associate B. vain C. reveal D. worship 8. When we had finished dinner, Mary asked the waiter for the __. A, note B. cheque C. bill D. tip 9. The murderer __ a dagger into her heart. A. plugged B. penetrated C. pressed D. thrust 10. The women were able to equal or __ the men who worked beside them. A. surpass B. exceed C. overtake D. lagged Unit 2 1. For many patients, institutional care is the most __ and beneficial form of care. A. pertinent B. appropriate C. acute D. persistent 2. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ___ , or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s. A. revolt B. revolve C. reverse D. revive 3. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state __ . A. pensions B. earnings C. salaries D. donations 4. There is no __ attached to what you are doing, so you shouldn' t be ashamed. A. stigma B. enigma C. dilemma D. aroma 5. The boat ___ down the river. A. drifted B. floated C. drove D. drilled 6. The conditions of the contract must be __ exactly. A. achieved B. completed C. fulfilled D. finished 7. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a __ operation, he quickly recovered his sight. A. delicate B. considerate C. average D. general
Unit 4 A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The sufferings of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospital, 75％of its factories and buildings and 90％of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
高三英语必修一unit4知识点整理 《高三英语必修一unit4知识点整理》助你榜上有名！ 1.Nowimaginetherehasbeenabigearthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There+be+主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。 其它相似句型还有： Therehappentobe碰巧有 Thereseems/appearstobe好像有 Thereislikelytobe可能有 Theremay/mightbe也许有 Theremustbe一定有 Therecan’tbe不可能有 Thereissaid/reportedtobe据说/据报道有 Thereusedtobe曾经有 Thereissure/certaintobe一定有 2.happento. It(so)happenedthat… DidyouhearwhathappenedtoDavidlastnight? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗? WhatwillhappentothechildrenifPeterandAlicebreakup? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?
IhappenedtoseePeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 ItsohappenedthatIsawPeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。 (=IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.) IhappenedonjustthethingIhadbeenlookingfor.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3.rightaway毫不迟疑，立刻 Heisill;youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。 4.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。 5.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ①Itseems/looks/appearsasif/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth.looksasif/though…(不用seem/appear) ③Thereseems/appears(tobe)…(不用look) Thereappearstohavebeenamistake.=Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake. ④Itseemsso.=Soitseems.看来似乎是这样。 8.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。