北京师范大学考博英语2011真题答案及写作范文
Part C
46.He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
本句的考查点是that引导的宾语从句，主干是he believes
that….that从句的结构是this very difficulty may have
the….advantage of forcing…,and thus enabling…。Of后面forcing 和enabling组成的并列结构做advantage的同位语。
参考译文：达尔文认为正是因为这个困难，促使他对每一个句子进行长时间和针对性的思考，同时也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。这也就使他具有了别人所不具备的优势。
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47.He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
本句考查点是宾语从句，非限制性定语从句。主干是He asserted that…。宾语从句的结构是his power to…was…。其中不定式to引导的部分follow…of thought做power的定语;for which reason所引导的非限制性定语从句中又包含一个that引导的表语从句。
参考译文：达尔文同时声称，对于冗长而且纯抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不强。因为这个原因，他相信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。
48.On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he
had no power of reasoning.
本句考查点是同位语从句，让步状语从句。主干是he did not accept…the charge made by…that…。其中as well founded作为一个插入成分，对charge进行修饰。made引导的过去分词短语作定语修饰charge。That
引导的从句是charge的同位语，包括一个while引导的让步状语从句。
参考译文：另一方面，虽然有些批评他的人一致认为他善于观察，但不具备推理能力，但是他不同意这种说法。
49.He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”
本句考查点是宾语从句，定语从句。主干是he adds…that…其中宾语从句的结构是he was superior to…in…,and in…。which引导的是things的定语从句。
参考译文：达尔文很谦虚的补充到，有些事情需要高度的注意力和细心的观察，也许他自己在观察此类事情时比一般人有优势。
50.Darvin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.
本题考查点是宾语从句。主干是Darvin was convinced that…。其中宾语从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only…,but…be injurious to…,and to…。
参考译文：达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。
作文范文
As is illustrated in the picture,the two disabled persons whose crippled legs are bound together do a lot of traveling.Accordingly, this far-reaching picture reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society:the people who are in the dark want to turn the corner but they can not make it respectively and in turn they have to choose to pull together in times of trouble.
There are several reasons accounting for this.Since we have to live in an on-the-move lifestyle,we may encounter various plights, where we would be at a loss rather than to seek for others’assistance. Further more,if we do not offer help to each other when we confront dilemma,we would not realize our dream.And no issue in China is as basic to build up the society in harmony as to conduct coordination in face of disasters.
Judging from what have been argued above,people have come to realize the value of mutual aid.It is,therefore,necessary that some effective steps be made to advocate spirit of supporting each other. To begin with,the government should make laws to encourage people to unite.In addition,people should enhance the awareness of caring each other especially when they are in trouble.Only in those ways, can we make people,even not being acquaintance,help each other.
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2011年考研英语二小作文真题： suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to: (1)Congratulate him/her,and (2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe 2011年考研英语二小作文范文： Dear friend, I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life. In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life. Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）
2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语(二) 真题及参考答案Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs". Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden
The subjects of the following studies are taken from the history of the Renaissance, and touch what I think the chief points in that complex, many-sided movement. I have explained in the first of them what I understand by the word, giving it a much wider scope than was intended by those who originally used it to denote that revival of classical antiquity in the fifteenth century which was only one of many results of a general excitement and enlightening of the human mind, but of which the great aim and achievements of what, as Christian art, is often falsely opposed to the Renaissance, were another result. This outbreak of the human spirit may be traced far into the middle age itself, with its motives already clearly pronounced, the care for physical beauty, the worship of the body, the breaking down of those limits which the religious system of the middle age imposed on the heart and the imagination. I have taken as an example of this movement, this earlier Renaissance within the middle age itself, and as an expression of its qualities, two little compositions in early French Summary原题，google出来的too，一个百科全书里的词条： computer-assisted instruction (CAI), a program of instructional material presented by means of a computer or computer systems. The use of computers in education started in the 1960s. With the advent of convenient microcomputers in the 1970s, computer use in schools has become widespread from primary education through the university level and even in some preschool programs. Instructional computers are basically used in one of two ways: either they provide a straightforward presentation of data or they fill a tutorial role in which the student is tested on comprehension. If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer; the student types in an answer and then gets an immediate response to the answer. If the answer is correct, the student is routed to more challenging problems; if the answer is incorrect, various computer messages will indicate the flaw in procedure, and the program will bypass more complicated questions until the student shows mastery in that area. There are many advantages to using computers in educational instruction. They provide one-to-one interaction with a student, as well as an instantaneous response to the answers elicited, and allow students to proceed at their own pace. Computers are particularly useful in subjects that require drill, freeing teacher time from some classroom tasks so that a teacher can devote more time to individual students. A computer program can be used diagnostically, and, once a student's problem has been identified, it can then focus on the problem area. Finally, because of the privacy and individual attention afforded by a computer, some students are relieved of the embarrassment
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
北京邮2011年博士研究生入学考试题 考试科目：英语 Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of which there are four answers marked A， B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage One The aroma of chocolate perfumes the air of the Rue d?Assas in Paris. Entering Christian Constant's state-of-the-art boutique, you find yourself in the kingdom of Paris's king of chocolate, where the humble cocoa bean is turned into mouth-watering chocolate Easter eggs. Constant, who is a chef, admits that chocolate is his passion and main interest in life. He first developed a fascination with chocolate when he was working for Gaston Lenotre, a famous French pastry chef. Every year he has a theme for decorating Easter eggs: this year his decorations are inspired by “Ar t No uveau”. Tonight h e has a dinner for 130 to organize and he has to prepare a three-foot-high Art Nouveau-style Easter egg by noon tomorrow. This, for Constant, is a normal schedule. Constant believes that his chocolate creations are as much of a work of art as other sculptures. It is, therefore, understandable that the restaurant, which he opened last month, is situated in the National Monuments Museum in Paris. During the day the restaurant is a tearoom and offers chocolate in every imaginable form. Customers can choose from a selection of sweet chocolate desserts or tries the more exotic spicy chocolates. Constant is also a professional “nose” working closely with the French Institute of Taste. He is capable of identifying 450 different tastes and flavors. Constant explains that the mouth, which can only taste four things --- salt, sweet, acid and bitter-is “stupid” in comparison to the no se. He believes that the nose is everything. In his book The Taste of Chocolate, he explains how in 1502 Christopher Columbus came across an island and went ashore. He was greeted by an Indian chief bearing gifts, among which were huge sacks of beans which Columbus thought was local currency. To his surprise, they prepared a drink for him. But Columbus, who disliked the odd bitter taste, continued on
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A.request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy D.like 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that B.and C.hence D.as 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. A.going through B.going in for C.going after D.going over 10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. A.putting out B.turning out C.working out D.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other
2011年中南大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Use of English (20%) Section A Vocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter On Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. They were forced to ______ on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the longish winter. A. skimp B. exhaust C. stingy D. count 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了用有限的供应度过较长的冬季，他们被迫在必需品上省钱。skimp on 节约，节省，固定搭配。exhaust用尽。stingy吝啬的。count on指望。根据句意答案选A。 2. The police are working on a ______ into suspected drug dealing in the outskirt of the city.
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered