2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）
Passage One
When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.
Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.
The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.
Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems.
Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.
Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.
Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility."
All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.
56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?
A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.
57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?
A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.
C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions. D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.
58. What is a greater concern of the general public?
A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.
59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?
A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.
C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.
60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?
A) She possesses strong persuasive power. C) She is one of the world's greatest economists.
B) She has confidence in what she is doing. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.
Passage Two
Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.
Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.
But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.
The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.
61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?
A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.
C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.
62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?
A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.
B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.
C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.
D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.
63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?
A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.
C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
D) Large-scale deforestation across the world.
64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?
A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.
C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together.
65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?
A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.
C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.
答案解析
56．【定位】NN-P0的many people和the biggest『c)[解析l细节辨认题。定位句指出，很多人都认为problem定位到首段第三句。失业是这个时代主要的经济和社会关注点，故答案为C)。
57．【定位】由题干中的the 2008 financial crisis和人物关键词Yellen定位到第二段前两句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，在2008年经济危机及随后的衰退和复苏期间，中央银行通过资产买卖的方式擎起全球经济，而耶伦又帮助美联储聚集了巨额资金。综合分析，可以推断出耶伦帮助美联储通过资产买卖向市场注入资金，故答案为D)。
58．【定位】根据题干中的greater concern和the general public定位到第四段第二句。
B)【精析】推理判断题。由第四段第一句可知，一些专家担心耶伦会忽视通货膨胀问题，而定位句反驳了这一观点，指出更多人担心的恰恰与之相反，即由于薪金相对比较固定，以及富人和长期失业者的经济差距不断加大，通货紧缩才是主要问题，故答案为B)。
59．【定位】由题干中的the Fed chief以及题文同序原则定位到第六段。
C)【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，耶伦不相信金融行业能够自我规范运行，她认为美联
济监管方面过于松弛。而随后的第七段首句也指出，她即将着手解决这一问题，故可推知她将要加紧金融制度，故答案为C)。
60．【定位】由题干中的Alan Blinder定位到最后一段。
A)【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，艾伦·布朗德认为耶伦十分聪明，很有逻辑，乐于争辩也善于倾听，同时还能够在不让对方产生敌意的情况下劝服别人，可见她有很强的说服力，故答案为A)。
61．【定位】由题干中的struggle定位到首段最后两句。
A)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句明确指出，争斗最初发生不是在经济或者社会层面，而是在对空气占有方面。如果人类能够呼吸和分享空气，也许就不会再彼此争斗，故答案为A)。 62．【定位】由题干中的politicians定位到第二段第二句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。由定位句可知，政治家们尽管建议控制环境污染，但并未要求将污染环境人罪，也就是说他们未能用法律手段限制环境污染，故答案为D)。
63．【定位】根据题干中的closest attention定位到第三段第四句。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句明确指出，我们与植物世界相互依存，我们应该密切地关注这一点。换句话说，作者想要引起我们密切关注的是我们与植物世界相互依存的关系，故答案为B)。 64．【定位】由题干中的accomplish及planet定位到第四段前两句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句说明，争夺资源的斗争会将我们的星球带人地狱，除非人类懂得相互之间、与植被之间分享生活，这一任务只有在每一个人都承担起责任并且大家共同承担时才能完成，可见要保护地球必须集合众人的努力，故答案为D)。
65．【定位】由题干中的just to survive和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。
C)【精析】推理判断题。由定位段可知，分享生活可以拓展生命空间，提升生命层次，我们要将空气、植被和我们自己均视为保护生命和成长的贡献者，而不是任由我们支配量化物品和生产潜能的网络，综合看来，与自然分享生命是实现生活层次提升至生存这一标准以上的根本途径，故答案为C)。
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）
Passage One
I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession（难以破除的成见）surrounding genetically modified (G M) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied, possibly harmful tool used b y big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods hav e never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organi c farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically mo dified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growi ng global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundame ntally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.
For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But scie nce is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devot
e a special series o
f articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven't yet realized thei r initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develo p them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feedin
g a growing planet.
That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But a nything that can increase farming efficiency一the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land一will be extr emely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools' but so will traditional plant bree ding, improved soil and crop management and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastru cture（基础设施）, especially in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Sa haran Africa to produce more food if they can't get it to hungry consumers.) I'd like to see more non-industry resea rch done on GM crops—not just because we'd worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsan to and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I'd like to see GM research o n less commercial crops, like com. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't be aga inst i一and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the technolog y.
Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on th ose more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.
56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?
A) They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.
B) They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.
C) They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.
D) They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.
57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?
A) Breaking the GM food monopoly. B) More friendly exchange of ideas.
C) Regulating GM food production. D) More scientific research on GM crops.
58. What is the main point of the Nature articles?
A) Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.
B) Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.
C) Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.
D) Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.
59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?
A) It has to depend more and more on GM technology.
B) It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.
C) GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.
D) Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.
60. What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops?
A)It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.
B)It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.
C)Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.
D) Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.
Passage Two
When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserv e Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right no w.
Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on t he role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asse t buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money du mp. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yeilen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）
meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monet ary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery. The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen
understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.
Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemploye d' more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems. Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady en ough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）
and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.
Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be l eft alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.
Yellen is likely to address right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says' "She's smart as a whip, d eeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." AH those trait s will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.
61. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?
A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.
62. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?
A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.
C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions. D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.
63. What is a greater concern of the general public?
A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.
64. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?
A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.
C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.
65. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?
A) She possesses strong persuasive power. B) She has confidence in what she is doing.
C) She is one of the world's greatest economists. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.
翻译：2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念。强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
英文：
答案解析
56．【定位】由题干中的environmentalist opponents 定位到首段第二句。B)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，奉行环境保护主义的反对者们反对转基因食品是因为转基因食品邪恶、没有经过充分研究并可能成为大型农业公司控制全球种子市场和压榨当地农民的工具。由此可见，B)的意思符合文意，即转基因食品是一种被大型农业公司用以垄断的工具。
57．【定位】由题干中的controversy和two sides定位到第二段第一、二旬。 D)【精析】细节辨认题。首句就提到了题干中的two sides，表明对双方而言，转基因食品是一个标志你是亲农业还是反科学。第二句中But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods接着指出，当涉及转基因食品时，我们更需要的是科学，故答案为D)。 58．【定位】由题干中的Nature定位到第二段第二、三句。
A)【精析】推理判断题。题干问题为：《自然》杂志上的系列报道的主要观点是什么?该题的答案在定位句之后的句子中：The conclusion：…
there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feedi ng a growing planet．该句指出，作者看到《自然》杂志中有关转基因食品争议的报道，其结论是我们有理由继续使用和研发转基因农作物来帮助我们为人口不断增长的星球持续供应食物。故答案为A。59．【定位】由题干中的the solution tO agricultural peoblems定位第三段第一、二句；
D)【精析】：定位句指出．转基因农作物并不是解决全球农业两题‘一劳永逸”的办法，但是任何提高耕作效率的方法都是极为有用的，故答案为D)。
60．【定位】由题干中的0ngoing debate定位到末段。 c)【精析】观点态度题。作者在定位段中指出，人们应该拿出花在无休止讨论转基因农作物上时间的十分之一来关注一下全球农业面临的更紧迫的挑战，故答案为C)。
61．【定位】由题干中的0bliged to d0和early decision定位到首段首句。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知，在提前录取体制下，你申请一所学校，其录取具有约束力，故答案为B)。
62．【定位】由题干中的0ffer early decision定位到首段最后一句。
A)【精析】推理判断题。首段末句中提到，学校提供提前录取是有其隐藏的动机的。接下来，由第二段第一句可知，提前录取可以使学校录取到高质量的学生，因此答案为A)。
63．【定位】由题干中的the problem和for students定位到第三段第一句。
C)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，问题在于这个过程实际上缩短了学生必须作出他们到那时为止人生最重要的决定的时间，故答案为C)。
64．【定位】由题干中的0pposed定位到倒数第二段最后一句。
D)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，有人反对提前录取，因为低收入家庭的学生收到录取指南以助他们理解那些常常让人困惑的提前录取截止时间的可能性要小得多，故答案为D)。 65．【定位】由题干中的the author advise和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。
B)【精析】推理判断题。定位段第二句指出，对于那些没有做足研究或者始终无法确定自己最喜欢哪所学校的学生来说，提前录取体制没有必要并且过早地缩小了他们此时的选择范围，而这个时候他们正应该放开自己以迎接一系列令人心动的选择，故答案为B)。
翻译：The year of 2011 is a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China, when the urban p opulation exceeds the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 3
50 million rural populations will migrate to cities. Such a scale of urban development is both a challeng
e and an opportunity for urban transportation. The Chinese government has always been advocatin g the concept o
f "people-oriented" development, stressin
g that people should travel by buses instead o f private cars. It also calls for the construction of " resource-saving and environment-friendly society ". Wit
h this explicit goal, Chinese cities can make
better plans for their development, and turn a massive investment to the development of safe, clea n and economical transportation system.
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）
Passage one:
Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become cro wded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know wha t they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful a nd peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or soci al level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they do n't need to struggle with one another.
Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have n ot yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.
But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiri tual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves a nd the plant world. Often described as
"the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a heal thy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we kno w, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible d isaster.
The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson t
aught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributor s to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.
56. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?
A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.
C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.
57. What does the author accuse western politicians of?
A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.
B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.
C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.
D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.
58. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?
A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.
C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air. D) Large-scale deforestation across the world.
59. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?
A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.
C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together
60. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?
A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.
C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.
Passage Two
Early decision — you apply to one school, and admission is binding — seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a b etter chance of getting in. And if you do, you're done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what mo st students and parents don't realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.
Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows ad-missi ons committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will c ome. It also gives schools a higher yield rate, which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.
The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the mo st important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni（校友）
and arguably make a more informed decision.
There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated（专注）
on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.
Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who alread y have numerous advantage. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-qualit y college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, there's an argum
ent against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.
Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get i nto should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done e nough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system nee dlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.
61. What are students obliged to do under early decision?
A) Look into a lot of schools before they apply. B) Attend the school once they are admitted.
C) Think twice before they accept the offer. D) Consult the current students and alumni.
62. Why do schools offer early decision?
A) To make sure they get qualified students. B) To avoid competition with other colleges.
C) To provide more opportunities for applicants. D) To save students the agony of choosing a school.
63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?
A) It makes their application process more complicated.
B) It places too high a demand on their research ability.
C) It allows them little time to make informed decisions.
D) It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.
64. Why are some people opposed to early decision?
A) It interferes with students' learning in high school.
B) It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.
C) It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.
D) It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.
65. What does the author advise college applicants to do?
A) Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.
B) Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.
C) Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.
D) Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
翻译：汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝網之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日暴(sundials)以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。
译文：
答案解析
56．【定位】由题干中的the first paragraph直接定位到第一段：A）【精析】推理判断题。文章开篇首句指出，来自劳工统计局的报告正如预料的那样糟糕：一月份的失业率达到了l6年以来的最高水平。这说明美国经济状况恶化，故答案为A)。 57．【定位】由题干中的unemployment figures和other statistics定位到第二段首句和第三句。
23 D)【精析】细节辨认题。文章第二段主要指出作者对失业率的数字和其他数据的看法。文中提到．我们依靠失业率的数字和其他数据来作出评价．但问题是这些数据并没有客观反映现实，它们只是最接近现实而已，所以选D)。 58．【定位】由题干中的problem和payroll survey定位到第三段第四至六句。B)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，电话调查和工资单调查都存在问题：工资单调查的问题在于很容易把某人“算重”及无法获知个体经营者的数量．故B）为答案： 59．【定位】由题干中的household survey定位到第四段．最终定位到第二宅：C)【精析】细节辨认题。定位龟指出。当人们被直接询问的时侯，如果话题涉及性、金钱和工作．人们通常会撒谎或者掩盖事实，即人们不会提供真实的信息．故C)为答案。 60．【定位】由题于中的At the end of the passage直接定位到末段，最终定位到末句。
B)【精析】推理判断题。文章末句指出，一个更关键的问题在于两党的重大决策都是基于大致估计，而并非用批判的眼光和开放性思维来审阅大量的原始数据资料。言下之意是指决策者应该用批判的眼光和开放性思维看待失业率数字，故B)为答案。
Passage Two
61．【定位】由题干中的the year 2008定位到首段. A)【精析】语义理解题。定位段指出，2008年人类来到一个历史性的起点，因为在那一年人类在历史上第一次成为城市人口占主导的种群，即城市人口远超农村人口。故A)为答案。 62．【定位】由题干中的urbanization定位到第二段。 B)【精析】细节辨认题。文章第一段提出城市化的话题。第二段第一句指出，这个趋势没有减缓的迹象，B)中will not slow down是对原文中shows no sign of slowin9的同义转换，故B)为答案。 63．【定位】由题干中的Peter Smith?S new book 定位到第三段。D)【精析】推理判断题。文章第三段第三、四句提到，史密斯先生的书以一种迷人的模式呈现出来；又提到这是一本让人如沐春风的指导书，它主要包含公园及多年来提出的让城市变得完美的各种各样的项目。换言之，它生动有趣，故D)为本题的答案。 64．【定位】由题干中的the chapter on skyscrapers 定位到第四段。D)【精析】细节辨认题。由定位段可知，史密斯先生在摩天大楼那一章，阐述了建筑方法、自动电梯等问题，同时谈及一些稀奇的理论，比如关于摩天大楼指数的结论，即建筑摩天大楼的热潮很明显地预示着即将发生的衰退，故D)为答案。 65．【定位】由题干中的criticism定位到末段。C)【精析】推理判断题。末段首句提到，对史密斯先生的书的一个显著的批评是：文章涉及内容过于广泛，而深度不够，未能对城市生活进行深入探讨，故C)为答案。
译： The Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There are lots of remarkable achi evements during the reign of the Han dynasty. Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade. The Silk Road opened in the Han dynasty led to Central and Western Asia, even Rome. With a ll sorts of art schools flourishing, there appeared many great works in literary, history, and philosophy. In 100 A D, China's first dictionary was completed, which included 9 000 characters, providing definitions and different w ays to write the characters. During that period, the science and technology had also made great progress, with pap er, water clocks, sundials and instruments used to measure earthquakes invented. Though the Han dynasty had a history of 400 years, the corruption of its rulers finally contributed to its collapse.
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）
Passage One
One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.” By the late
1960s, that term was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that
had already been freed of widespread discrimination.
A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that nam ing any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black”carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of “African American.”
But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differently from “African Americans,”researchers, until now, hadn’t identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University’s Erika Hall, found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status.
As a result, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.
The study’s most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the profession al world. Even seemingly harmless details on a ré sumé , it appears, can tap into recruiters’ biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of
Afri-can-American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,” the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members’ control.
In one of the study’s experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was i dentified as. “African-American,” and another was told he was “Black,” With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams’s salary, professional standing, and educational background.
The “African-American” group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salar y at about $29,000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.
Hall’s findings suggest there’s an argument to be made for electing to use “African American,”though one can’t help but get the sense that it’s a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois’s original, idealistic hope: “It’s pot the name—it’s the Thing that counts.”
56. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent?
A) It is free from racial biases. C) It is in the interest of common Americans.
B) It represents social progress. D) It follows the standard naming practice.
57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?
A) It advances with the times. C) It merits intensive study.
B) It is based on racial roots. D) It is politically sensitive.
58. What do Erika Hairs findings indicate?
A) Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.
B) Many a pplicants don’t attend to details on their resumes.
C) Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.
D) Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.
59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?
A) African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.
B) Black people’s socioeconomic status in America remains low.
C) People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.
D) One’s professional standing and income are related to their educational background.
60. What is Dr. Du Bois’s ideal?
A) All Americans enjoy equal rights.
B) A person is judged by their worth.
C) A new term is created to address African Americans.
D) All ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress.
Passage Two
Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives- This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary
to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.
Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students, lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to
be a full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing.
Stu-dents who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.
Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wea lthy students at the expense of others” who won’t enjoy the financial backing or social connectio ns of richer students once they graduate.
These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job mark et isn’t kind to candidate s who can’t demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math
and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.
61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?
A) It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.
B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modem times.
C) It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.
D) It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.
62. What is responsible for the students’ lack of higher-level skills?
A) The diluted college curriculum. C) The absence of rigorous discipline.
B) The boring classroom activities. D) The outdated educational approach.
63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?
A) They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.
B) They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.
C) They seem to be out of touch with society.
D) They prioritize non-academic activities.
64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?
A) They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.
B) They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.
C) They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.
D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.
65. What does the author suggest in the last
A) American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.
B) People should not expect too much from American higher education.
C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.
D) It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
原文：在帮助国际社会于2030 年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。自20 世纪70 年底末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。
译文：
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）
Passage One
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.
The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.
In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment — at the end of life, for example —is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing.
Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there’s no obligation to follow them. Medical society g uidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies.
Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers.
“There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors,” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.”
Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if every-one used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.
But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use?
“I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole,”said Dr. Donald Jensen.
Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so, “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represent s a failure of wider society to take up the issue.”
56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?
A) Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.
B) Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.
C) Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
D) Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.
57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?
A) Specific medicines to be used. C) Professional advancement.
B) Effects of medical treatment. D) Patients5 trust.
58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?
A) The redefining of doctors’ roles. C) Conflicts between doctors and patients.
B) Overuse of less effective medicines. D) The prolonging of patients’ suffering.
59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?
A) They may be involved in a conflict of interest.
B) They may be forced to divide their attention.
C) They may have to use less effective drugs.
D) They may lose the respect of patients.
60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?
A) It may add to doctors’ already heavy workloads.
B) It will help to save money for society as a whole.
C) It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem.
D) It raises doctors’ awareness of their social responsibilities
Passage Two
Economic inequality is the “defining challenge of our time, ” President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. “Increased inequali ty and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream,” he said.
Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality. Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it’s harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder to day because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart.
For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we’re vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.
So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?
Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle cl ass, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family
structure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.” Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial
and economic segregation.
Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:
1. (人均) income growth
2. Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative)
3. Per-capita local government spending
In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending~which may stand for good schools一are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger’s rags-to-riches story.
61. How does Obama view economic inequality?
A) It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.
B) It is the greatest threat to social stability.
C) It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.
D) It is the most malicious social evil of our time.
62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship’s data analysis?
A) It is fast widening across most parts of America.
B) It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.
C) It is not correctly interpreted.
D) It is overwhelmingly ignored.
63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to______________.
A) have placed religious beliefs above party politics
B) have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor
C) offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder
D) suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation
64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty?
A) Family structure. C) School education.
B) Racial equality. D) Community density.
65. What does the author seem to suggest?
A) It is important to increase the size of the middle class.
B) It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.
C) It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.
D) It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.
翻译原文：最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁的合同：中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
英语译文：
答案:CBADC ACCAD
翻译：Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is now gettinginto the construction of high-speed trains, ocean-goingvessels, robots, and even aircrafts. Not long ago, Chinagained a contract to build a high-speed railway in Indonesia, and China also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high-speed trains. This proves that people rely on productsmade by China.
They are becoming increasingly popular.China has paid the price for this, but it does help to eradicate the povertyand create job opportunities for people worldwide. This is a good thing andworthwhile praising. you may possibly want to take a look at the name of the originof the product. Probably, it is made in China.
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.
The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.
In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment — at the end of life, for example — is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing.
Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there’s no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidel ines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies.
Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers.“
There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors,” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.” Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if every-one used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.
But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use?
“I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole,” said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so, “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.”
56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?
A) Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.
B) Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.
C) Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
D) Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.
57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?
A) Specific medicines to be used. C) Professional advancement.
B) Effects of medical treatment. D) Patients5 trust.
58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?
A) The redefining of doctors’ roles. C) Conflicts between doctors and patients.
B) Overuse of less effective medicines. D) The prolonging of patients’ suffering.
59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?
A) They may be involved in a conflict of interest.
B) They may be forced to divide their attention.
C) They may have to use less effective drugs.
D) They may lose the respect of patients.
60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?
A) It may add to doctors’ already heavy workloads.
B) It will help to save money for society as a whole.
C) It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem.
D) It raises doctors’ awa reness of their social responsibilities.
Passage Two
Economic inequality is the “defining challenge of our time, ” Pre sident Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. “Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream,”he said.
Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality. Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it’s harder fo r the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart.
For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we’re vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.
So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic
ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?
Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle class, the quality of schools, co mmunity religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.” Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation.
Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:
1. (人均) income growth
2. Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative)
3. Per-capita local government spending
In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending~which may stand for good schools 一are the most likely to help poor children relive Horati o Alger’s ra gs-to-riches story.
61. How does Obama view economic inequality?
A) It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.
B) It is the greatest threat to social stability.
C) It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.
D) It is the most malicious social evil of our time.
62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship’s data analysis?
A) It is fast widening across most parts of America.
B) It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility. C) It is not correctly interpreted.
D) It is overwhelmingly ignored.
63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to______________.
A) have placed religious beliefs above party politics
B) have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor
C) offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder
D) suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation
64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty?
A) Family structure. C) School education. B) Racial equality. D) Community density.
65. What does the author seem to suggest?
A) It is important to increase the size of the middle class.
B) It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.
C) It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.
D) It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.
翻译：
在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。
如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚
持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。
中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。
译文：
答案：
56. C) Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
57. B) Effects of medical treatment.
58. A) The redefining of doctors roles.
59. C) They may have to use less effective drugs.
60. C) It results from society?s failure to tackle the problem.
61. A) It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.
62. B) It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.
63. C) offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder 64. A) Family structure.
65. D) It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder. Part IV Translation
In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important deci sions for them. They never care what their children really want, because they believe that it is good for them. As a result, children?s growth and education tend to surrender to the wills of t heir parents.
If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decision, even if their children are not i nterested.
While in the United States, parents are likely to respect their children?s opinions, and pay mor e attention to their opinions in making decisions.
It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education. W hen it comes to education, however, they should learn how to balance the relationship betwee n parents and their children from American parents.
2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ’’You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least l50 words but no more than 200 words. 注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or, more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet, with a single line through the centre. 注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1．A. The man might be able to play in the World Cup. B. The man’s football career seems to be at an end. C. The man was operated on a few weeks. D. The man is a fan of world famous football players. 2．A. Work out a plan to tighten his budget. B. Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria. C. Apply for a senior position in the restaurant. D. Solve his problem by doing a part time job. 3．A.A financial burden. B. A good companion. C. A real nuisance. D.A well trained pet. 4．A. The errors will be corrected soon. B. The woman was mistaken herself. C. The computing system is too complex. D. He has called the woman several times. 5．A. He needs help to retrieve his files. B. He has to type his paper once more. C. He needs some time to polish his paper. D. He will be away for a two-week conference. 6．A. They might have to change their plan. B. He has got everything set for their trip. C. He has a heavier workload than the woman. D. They could stay in the mountains until June 8. 7．A. They have to wait a month to apply for a student loan. B. They can find the application forms in the brochure. C. They are not eligible for a student loan. D. They are not late for a loan application.
英语六级听力真题及答案 【篇一：2006-2014历年大学英语六级听力真题及答案 (完整版)】 s=txt>答案集合在全部真题之后（复合式听写中的长句无答案） 200606 1. a) she met with thomas just a few days ago. b) she can help with orientation program. c) she is not sure she can pass on the message. d) she will certainly try to contact thomas. 2. a) set the dinner table.b) change the light bulb. c) clean the dining room. d) hold the ladder for him. 3. a) he’d like a piece of pie.b) he’d like some coffee. c) he’d rather stay in the warm room. d) he’d just had dinner with his friends. 4. a) he has managed to sell a number of cars. b) he is contented with his current position. c) he might get fired. d) he has lost his job. 5. a) tony’s secretary. b) paul’s girlfriend. c) paul’s colleague. d) tony’s wife. 6. a) he was fined for running a red light. b) he was caught speeding on a fast lane. c) he had to run quickly to get the ticket.
写作 作文范文：Greed or Greet? The earth has nurtured generations of human beings, offering us with every resource to survive and prosper. Nowadays, with the explosion of population and boom of economy, human’s rel entless exploitation of natural resources has caused crisis of exhaustion of energy and resources. The remark “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” gives out a warning for us all. The ecosystem has remained balanced until man becomes obsessed with their ambition to conquer Nature and they are blinded by greed. On one hand, they are so economy-oriented that they ignore the protection of environment. Increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet. On the other hand, man exploits and abuses non-renewable energy and resources for the sake of developing economy. If man insists on extracting natural resources recklessly, it will be too dreadful to face the consequence. Let us remember that only when we shake off greed and heal the earth can we build a better home for ourselves and our future generations. 【快速阅读】 美国工业制造 1-7 DADAAAB 8 higher 9 the immigrants 10 doing more themselves 听力 11. Why she could not get through to him. 12. He has difficulty finding affordable housing. 13. A code number is necessary to run the copy machine.
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套) Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9.A.Touch his heart. B.Make him cry. C.Remind him of his life. D.Make him feel young. 10. A.He is good at singing operas. B.He enjoys complicated music: C.He can sing any song if he likes it. D.He loves country music in particular. 11. A.Go to a bar and drink for hours. B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues. C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall. D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12.A.How he became an announcer. B.How he writes news stories. C.How he makes his living. D.How he does his job. 13.A.They write the first version of news stories. B.They gather news stories on the spot. C.They polish incoming news stories. D.They write comments on major news stories. 14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time. B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air. C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time. D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly. 15.A.It shows where advertisements come in. B.It gives a signal for him to slow down. C.It alerts him to something important. D.It serves as a reminder of sad news. Section B Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children. B.It is often carried around by small children. C.It can be found in many parts of the world. D.It was invented by an American Indian. 17. A.They were made for earning a living. B.They were delicate geometric figures. C.They were small circus figures made of wire. D.They were collected by a number of museums. 18.A.In art. B.In geometry. C.In engineering.
For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have t o hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have adegree of risk. The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors S ervice rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough. A)advantages I)fluctuate B)assess J)indefinite C)bother K)insured D)conserved L)major E)deduction M)naturally F)discount N)potential G)embarrass 0)simultaneously H)features 36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features 41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential 2014.6【2】 Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-tear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene （卫生）. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects___42___to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. A) accustomed B) carefully C) cautiously D) concrete E) credibility F) decayed G) desire H) dimensions I) eligible J) exposed K) indication L) occasions M) permanent N) sensitivity O) translated 36.F 37.G 38.O 39.L 40.K 41.D 42.J 43.B 44.I 45.E
2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行; 2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一; 3. 在我看来…… My Views on University Ranking . . . Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Into the Unknown The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope? Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.
2013年6月英语六级真题及答案（文都版） Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Question 47 to 51 are based on the following passage often assumed musical Highly proficient musicianship is hard won. Although it’s evidence that this isn’t the case. While it seems ability us inherited, there’s abundant that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reasons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice. Highly musical children were sung to more as infants and more encouraged to join in song games as kids than less musical ones, long before any musical ability could have been evident. Studies of classical musicians prove that the best ones practiced considerably more from childhood onwards than ordinary orchestral players, and this is because their parents were at them to put in the hours from a very young age. The same was true of children selected for entry to specialist music schools, compared with those who were rejected. The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised music lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial periods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy(天才). Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. On top of his extra ability Michael also had more drive. This may have been the result of being the closest of his brothers and sisters to his mother. “He seemed other said of him. She different to me from the other children —special,”Michael’s m may not have realized that treating her son as special may have been part of the reason be became like that. All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key factor is how hard you
2015年6月大学英语6级真题(三套全) 2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套） Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A 1. A) Prepare for his exams. B) Catch up on his work. C) Attend the concert. D) Go on a vacation. 2. A) Three crew members were involved in the incident. B) None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons. C) The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan. D) None of the passengers were injured or killed. 3. A) An article about the election. B) A tedious job to be done. C) An election campaign. D) A fascinating topic. 4. A) The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations. B) The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines. C) The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant. D) Chinatown has got the best restaurant in the city. 5. A) He is going to visit his mother in the hospital. B) He is going to take on a new job next week.
2017年12月大学英语六级听力真题解析 2017.12月份的六级考试已经落下帷幕，以下是对听力部分考题的一个解析，希望对同学们有所帮助. Conversation One M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste. W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. Q1:New laws have been put into place that will make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate and sell foods to those who are in need. M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste. W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, Q2:the European parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste. M: In France, Q3:the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations. W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten. Despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food, Q4:one major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government. M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s. B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones. C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn. D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn. 2. A)Her unique personality. B)Her physical condition. C)Her shift of interest to performing arts. D)Her famil y’s suspension of financial aid. 3. A) She was not an outgoing person. B)She was modest and hardworking C)She was easy-going on the whole. D)She was usually not very optimistic. 4. A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films. B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy. C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child. D)Her family benifited from other people’s help. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard. 5. A) Give a presentation. B)Rise some questions. C)Start a new company. D)Ateed a board meeting. 6. A) It will cut production costs. B)It will raise productivities. C)No staff willl be dismissed. D)No new staff will be hired. 7. A)The timeline of restructuring.
P a r tⅢR e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n Section A As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_____(37)to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as_____(38)by sleep experts. Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is a hotly_____(39)topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't_____(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought_____(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_____(42)in the ability of insulin(胰岛素)to process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_____(43)causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn't_____(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later. Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not_____(45)an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will_____(46)one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicates(复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep," says Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center. 37.【题干】_____ 【选项】